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Journal articles on the topic 'Sino-Japanese War, 1894-1895 China Japan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Fung, Allen. "Testing the Self-Strengthening: The Chinese Army in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 4 (1996): 1007–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016875.

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On 25th July 1894, the Japanese navy sank the Chinese man-of-war Gaosheng without warning and thus officially started the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). The war was a culmination of the rivalries between the two countries for two decades. Japan, strengthened by its Meiji reforms, and still growing in power, wanted to extend its power within the Korean peninsula. China, on the other hand, was desperately clinging to its influence over its largest, oldest and last vassal. The was was watched with great interest by the European powers as a litmus test of the relative success of the modernization

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2

Man, Kwong Chi. "“They Are a Little Afraid of the British Admiral”." International Bibliography of Military History 35, no. 2 (2015): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22115757-03502002.

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This article looks at the role of the British Royal Navy during the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895. Although the British government decided to stay neutral and work with Russia to mediate between Japan and China, the presence of the China Station of the Royal Navy played a subtle role in influencing the strategies adopted by China and Japan. However, as the British government underestimated its own naval power and possibly overestimated that of its potential opponents, the China Station played only a limited role to protect British interest. As a result, Russia used a much weaker fleet t

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3

Lee, Joyman. "Where Imperialism Could Not Reach: Chinese Industrial Policy and Japan, 1900–1940." Enterprise & Society 15, no. 4 (2014): 655–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700016062.

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Where Imperialism Could Not Reachexamines the impact of the Japanese model of industrialization on China through a history of policy recommendations and economic ideas in practice. In the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), Chinese regional policymakers learned a Japanese-style industrial policy that focused on the use of exhibitions and schools to disseminate information and stimulate rural innovation. In focusing on the treaty ports and the impact of European and American capitalism that has a larger and more quantifiable source base, many scholars have ignored the vital in

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4

HOWLAND, DOUGLAS. "The Sinking of the S.S. Kowshing: International Law, Diplomacy, and the Sino-Japanese War." Modern Asian Studies 42, no. 4 (2008): 673–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06002447.

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AbstractIn July 1894, the Japanese navy sank the British steamshipKowshing, leased by China to transport troops to Korea. Diplomatic negotiations over compensation for the loss of the ship persisted for the next decade. In insisting upon China's responsibility, the British Foreign Office forsook the judgments of international legal experts and demonstrated that its main goals were to support British commercial interests and to encourage the position of Japan in East Asia. The surprising denoument of theKowshingincident was China's payment of damages for the ship in 1903.

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5

O’Reilly, Sean. "The Noble Enemy: Bravery, Surrender and Suicide in the First Sino-Japanese War." Journal of Chinese Military History 8, no. 2 (2019): 159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341345.

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Abstract What can be learned from the now largely forgotten first Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) about concepts like the heroism of surrender? I show that Japanese depictions, far from being universally contemptuous, treated their main opponent, the commander of the Chinese Beiyang fleet, Admiral Ding Ruchang, with great respect before, during, and even after the war despite his surrender. Why? I use accounts by observers and Ding’s own letters to scrutinize the enduring popularity of his posthumous image in Japan versus China. I argue that Ding showed neither strategic brilliance nor formidabili

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6

Fujisawa, Iwao. "Conference, Arbitration and the Triple Intervention of 1895: Relevance of the Western Ways of Dispute Settlement in East Asia." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 1, no. 1 (2013): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340010.

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Abstract This article attempts to understand how East Asian nations dealt with the norms and concepts of Western international law and for that purpose takes up the peace process of the Sino-Japanese War. It argues that in that incident neither China nor Japan passively accepted the methods of dispute settlement developed in Western international law and that rather those countries tried to pick and choose among the legal institutions of that law according to their respective interests. This article concludes that the incident suggests Western international law was not immune to changes throug

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7

Dunbar, Ann-Marie. "“THREE LEAGUES AWAY FROM A HUMAN COLOUR”: NATSUME SOSEKI IN LATE-VICTORIAN LONDON." Victorian Literature and Culture 46, no. 1 (2018): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150317000407.

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Natsume Soseki arrived in Londonin October 1900, with great expectations, both his own and those of the Japanese government officials who sponsored his scholarship to study abroad for two years. Soseki would eventually become one of the most important figures in modern Japanese literature, featured on Japan's 1000-yen note from 1984 to 2004; before he wrote the novels that earned him such fame – includingI Am a Cat(1906),And Then(1910), andKokoro(1914) – Soseki, who was then a young English teacher in the Japanese provinces, was sent to study English language and literature as part of Japan's

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8

Hedberg, William C. "Translation, Colonization, and the Fall of Utopia: The Qing Decline as Explained through Chinese Fiction." Japanese Language and Literature 54, no. 1 (2020): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jll.2020.79.

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This study focuses on Meiji-period Japanese engagement with the late imperial Chinese novel Sequel to ‘The Water Margin’ (Shuihu houzhuan): an early Qing continuation of the classic Water Margin that focuses on the Liangshan outlaws’ colonization of a mythical “Siam” in the wake of the fall of the Northern Song dynasty. Like its parent work, Shuihu houzhuan found an enthusiastic readership beyond the borders of China. The novel was translated into Japanese several times during the Meiji period: most famously, by the poet and scholar Mori Kainan, whose translation was published by the Tokyo-bas

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Kobayashi, Shigeru. "The gradual reinforcement of Japanese mapping in pre-colonial Taiwan and Korea." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-180-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In East Asia, the modern hydrographical survey was promoted during the Opium War (1840&amp;ndash;1842) and the Arrow War (1856&amp;ndash;1860) by Western countries, which demanded the establishment of modern trade relations with this area. However, the application of modern mapping such as triangulation to its inlands was limited even at the end of the nineteenth century, because it required stable and innovative governments for implementation. Keeping this uneven extension of modern cartography in East Asia in mind, we should pay attenti

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10

Elman, Benjamin A. "Naval Warfare and the Refraction of China's Self-Strengthening Reforms into Scientific and Technological Failure, 1865-1895." Modern Asian Studies 38, no. 2 (2004): 283–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x04001088.

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In the 1950s and 1960s, Chinese, Western, and Japanese scholarship debated the success or failure of the government schools and regional arsenals established between 1865 and 1895 to reform Qing China (1644-1911). For example, Quan Hansheng contended in 1954 that the Qing failure to industrialize after the Taiping Rebellion (1850-64) was the major reason why China lacked modern weapons during the Sino-Japanese War. This position has been built on in recent reassessments of the ‘Foreign Affairs Movement’ (Yangwu yundong) and Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 (Jiawu zhanzheng) by Chinese scholars. Th

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11

TSAI, WEIPIN. "The First Casualty: Truth, Lies and Commercial Opportunism in Chinese Newspapers during the First Sino-Japanese War." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 24, no. 1 (2013): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186313000515.

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The First Sino-Japanese War during 1894 and 1895 was a dramatic moment in world events. Not only did it catch the attention of the West but, for as long as it lasted, it became a central focus of readers of newspapers in China in both English and Chinese. The Chinese public was extremely eager to read any news that could be gathered about the war, and newspaper proprietors grasped this opportunity to promote their businesses, competing to provide the latest information using wartime reporting practices already established in Britain and the United States. This paper explores the competition be

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12

Brailey, Nigel. "The Scramble for Concessions in 1880s Siam." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 3 (1999): 513–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003418.

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It is the events of the late 1890s in China which represent the most notorious example of a ‘scramble’ or ‘battle’ for concessions in the era of Western imperialism. The five years following her defeat in her war with Japan of 1894–95 seemed to reduce China to chaos and the brink of dismemberment, when the so-called ‘Boxer Rebellion’ was crushed by an international army comprised mainly of Russian and Japanese troops. But the powers could not agree on how to extend the concessions they had previously secured, and the ‘open door’, championed by Britain, the United States and initially Japan, pr

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13

Tsuboi, Mutsuko, and Mino Saito. "Translating ‘Nation’." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 17, no. 1 (2019): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.18005.tsu.

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Abstract This article focuses on the Japanese words kokumin and minzoku, both of which are used to translate ‘nation’ into Japanese, and explores the dynamic aspects of translation practice in the process of Japan’s modernization in the mid-Meiji era (1868–1912). The kanji (Chinese characters) compounds kokumin (國民) and minzoku (民族) were both coined during the late nineteenth century during the introduction of Western concepts into Japanese society. Kokumin first appeared as a translation word at the predawn of Japan’s modernization period and, by the mid-Meiji era, when the alternative transl

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14

Elman, Benjamin A. ""Universal Science" Versus "Chinese Science": The Changing Identity of Natural Studies in China, 1850-1930." Historiography East and West 1, no. 1 (2003): 68–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157018603763585258.

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Abstract This article is about the contested nature of "science" in "modern" China. The struggle over the meaning and significance of the specific types of natural studies brought by Protestants (1842-1895) occurred in a historical context in which natural studies in late imperial China were until 1900 part of a nativist imperial and literati project to master and control Western views on what constituted legitimate natural knowledge. After the industrial revolution in Europe, a weakened Qing government and its increasingly concerned Han Chinese and Manchu elites turned to "Western" models of

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15

Louzon, Victor. "From Japanese Soldiers to Chinese Rebels: Colonial Hegemony, War Experience, and Spontaneous Remobilization during the 1947 Taiwanese Rebellion." Journal of Asian Studies 77, no. 1 (2017): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817001279.

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A former part of the Qing Empire, Taiwan was colonized by Japan in 1895 and returned to China, upon Tokyo's defeat, in 1945. Two years later, a revolt broke out against the mainland Chinese authorities and was brutally crushed. This episode, known as the February 28 Incident, has been at the center of memory wars in Taiwan since democratization. Historical accounts have tended to focus on the background causes of the Incident and on the role played by the Taiwanese elite. This article argues that devoting more attention to grassroots participants and their repertoire of action can shed new lig

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16

DUSINBERRE, MARTIN. "J. R. SEELEY AND JAPAN'S PACIFIC EXPANSION." Historical Journal, September 1, 2020, 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000591.

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ABSTRACT In the late nineteenth century, as Japanese scholars, traders, and labourers began to cross the Pacific Ocean in ever greater numbers, Tokyo-based intellectuals started to think about the significance of the ocean for the upcoming century. One prominent articulation of this ‘Pacific age’ was the result of an intellectual dialogue between a young Japanese student, Inagaki Manjirō (1861–1908), and his Cambridge professor, John Robert Seeley (1834–95). Traditionally framed as a relationship of ‘influence’ from teacher to pupil, and thus from West to East, the emergence of the ‘Pacific ag

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17

King, Emerald L., and Denise N. Rall. "Re-imagining the Empire of Japan through Japanese Schoolboy Uniforms." M/C Journal 18, no. 6 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1041.

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Introduction“From every kind of man obedience I expect; I’m the Emperor of Japan.” (“Miyasama,” from Gilbert and Sullivan’s musical The Mikado, 1885)This commentary is facilitated by—surprisingly resilient—oriental stereotypes of an imagined Japan (think of Oscar Wilde’s assertion, in 1889, that Japan was a European invention). During the Victorian era, in Britain, there was a craze for all things oriental, particularly ceramics and “there was a craze for all things Japanese and no middle class drawing room was without its Japanese fan or teapot.“ (V&A Victorian). These pastoral depictions

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18

Hofer-Uji, Fabienne. "Auf dem Weg zu einem Völkerbund: Yanaihara Tadaos Kritik an der japanischen Kolonialpolitik auf Taiwan." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques, November 18, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2019-0033.

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AbstractWith the abolition of martial law in 1987 and the following democratization process, Taiwan’s four mayor ethnic groups (si da zuqun) began to develop an ethnic identity as well as a collective sense of identity. These emerging identities were though not just a mere product of the post-war era, but had been constituted by the crucible of Japanese colonial rule (1895–1945).Many Han-Chinese in Taiwan conceived the Qing-Dynasty’s cession of Taiwan to Japan in 1895 as a betrayal. As they didn’t receive equal treatment with Japanese during the ensuing fifty years of Japanese rule, many Han T

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19

Sawyer, Jake. "The Way of the Warrior in Interwar Japan." Mount Royal Undergraduate Humanities Review (MRUHR) 3 (November 19, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/mruhr208.

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In the 1860s, Japan was pulled out of its centuries-long isolation and forced to rapidly adapt to the industrialized world. The state quickly made friends with the more established Western powers and was able to impress them with its surprising miliary victories over China in 1895, Russia in 1905, and Germany in 1919. However, the goodwill that Japan had garnered with the West evaporated after the First World War. How could a nation so adept at modern militarism and economics alienate every friend it had in the span of 25 years? The answer stems from Japan's long feudal age; in the twentieth c

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20

See, Pamela Mei-Leng. "Branding: A Prosthesis of Identity." M/C Journal 22, no. 5 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1590.

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This article investigates the prosthesis of identity through the process of branding. It examines cross-cultural manifestations of this phenomena from sixth millennium BCE Syria to twelfth century Japan and Britain. From the Neolithic Era, humanity has sort to extend their identities using pictorial signs that were characteristically simple. Designed to be distinctive and instantly recognisable, the totemic symbols served to signal the origin of the bearer. Subsequently, the development of branding coincided with periods of increased in mobility both in respect to geography and social strata.

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