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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys"

1

Kulkarni, Vinay R., Jagannath Nayak, and Vikram V. Dabhade. "Effect of chromium addition on properties of sinter-forged Fe–Cu–C alloy steel." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (July 18, 2018): 1840040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400404.

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The present work deals with sinter-forged powder metallurgical (P/M) steels alloyed with chromium by addition of ferrochrome powder, which allows a close control over the chromium contents of alloy steels. Chromium contents can be varied by adjusting appropriately weighed ferrochrome powder in the P/M mixtures. Fe–Cu (2%) and C (0.7%) is the base composition for this P/M alloy steel. Study with the addition of 0.5% and 3% chromium by weight in the form of ferrochrome powder is carried out. The P/M alloy steel of base composition with no chromium content is also prepared for comparative study. The paper deals with these three alloy steels formed by the sinter-forging technique of powder metallurgy. The results of hardness and wear in hardened and tempered condition are reported in the present work.

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Kandavel, TK, R. Sravanesh, and P. Karthikeyan. "Optimization of working parameters on wear behaviour of the sinter-forged plain carbon steel." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 8 (October 24, 2015): 1379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415592200.

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Powder metallurgy plain carbon steel (Fe–0.5% C) replaces gradually the conventional C45 steel in all industrial sectors due to its comparable strength and better metallurgical properties. This research investigates the influence of density/porosity of powder metallurgy plain carbon steel on wear characteristics and optimizes the wear working parameters to establish minimum wear loss and coefficient of friction during wear using Taguchi-grey relational optimization analysis. The sintered steel preforms were subjected to uni-axial compressive load (cold upset) to obtain various percentage theoretical densities. The wear test specimens made out of various densities of the sinter-forged plain carbon steel were used to conduct wear tests as per the test plan generated by the Design Expert software. The optical and scanning electron microscope images taken from the worn test specimens were used for the investigations of wear mechanisms of the alloy steel. It is observed from the wear test results that the porosity in the powder metallurgy plain carbon steel has a vital role in wear properties of the steel. It has also been found that the optimized working parameters such as speed and load are found as same irrespective of the densities of the plain carbon steel.

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Gobber, Federico Simone, Jana Bidulská, Alessandro Fais, Róbert Bidulský, and Marco Actis Grande. "Innovative Densification Process of a Fe-Cr-C Powder Metallurgy Steel." Metals 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040665.

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In this study, the efficacy of an innovative ultra-fast sintering technique called electro-sinter-forging (ESF) was evaluated in the densification of Fe-Cr-C steel. Although ESF proved to be effective in densifying several different metallic materials and composites, it has not yet been applied to powder metallurgy Fe-Cr-C steels. Pre-alloyed Astaloy CrM powders have been ad-mixed with either graphite or graphene and then processed by ESF. By properly tuning the process parameters, final densities higher than 99% were obtained. Mechanical properties such as hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were tested on samples produced by employing different process parameters and then submitted to different post-treatments (machining, heat treatment). A final transverse rupture strength up to 1340 ± 147 MPa was achieved after heat treatment, corresponding to a hardness of 852 ± 41 HV. The experimental characterization highlighted that porosity is the main factor affecting the samples’ mechanical resistance, correlating linearly with the transverse rupture strength. Conversely, it is not possible to establish a similar interdependency between hardness and mechanical resistance, since porosity has a higher effect on the final properties.

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Geroldinger, Stefan, Raquel de Oro Calderon, Christian Gierl-Mayer, and Herbert Danninger. "Applying the Masteralloy Concept for Manufacturing of Sinter Hardening PM Steel Grades." Advanced Engineering Forum 42 (September 7, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.42.17.

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Sinter hardening is a powder metallurgy processing route that combines the sintering and the heat treating processes in one step by gas quenching the components immediately after they have left the high temperature zone of the furnace. It is both economically attractive and ecologically beneficial since it renders deoiling processes unnecessary. The slower cooling rates associated with gas compared to oil quenching however requires special alloy concepts different to those known from wrought steels. In the present study it is shown that by admixing atomized masteralloy powders consisting of suitable combinations of Mn, Cr, Si, Fe and C to base iron or pre-alloyed steel powders, sinter hardening PM steel grades can be produced that transform to martensitic microstructure at cooling rates of 2-3 K/s as typical for industrial sinter hardening. This is confirmed by CCT diagrams and hardness measurements. However, metallographic investigations are also necessary because in sintered steels, the cores of the largest base powder particles are alloyed very slowly during sintering and therefore tend to result in soft spots in the sinter hardened microstructure which are mostly not discernible in the CCT diagrams. Here, even slight pre-alloying of the base powder with Mo and/or Cr is helpful, both increasing the hardenability of the steels compared to base plain iron and avoiding soft spots in the microstructure.

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Geroldinger, S., R. de Oro Calderon, C. Gierl-Mayer, and H. Danninger. "Sinter Hardening PM Steels Prepared through Hybrid Alloying." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 76, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2020-0007.

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Abstract In powder metallurgy (PM), there are several ways of introducing alloying elements into a PM material in order to adjust a certain alloying element content. Each alloying route has its advantages and disadvantages. Master alloys (MA), powders with a high content of typically several alloying elements, can be added in small amounts to a base powder, especially to introduce oxygen sensitive elements such as Cr, Mn, and Si. In addition, the master alloy can be designed in such a way that a liquid phase is formed intermediately during the sintering process to improve the distribution of alloying elements in the material and to accelerate homogenization. In this study, such master alloys were combined with pre-alloyed base powders to form hybrid alloyed mixtures with the aim of improving the material‘s sinter hardenability. The hybrid alloys were compared with mixtures of master alloy and plain Fe as reference material. The sinter hardenability of all materials was determined by generating CCT diagrams recorded with 13 different cooling rates. These were verified by metallographic cross-sections of specimens treated at common cooling rates of 3 and 1.5 K/s and subsequent hardness measurements of the microhardness (HV 0.1) of the microstructural constituents and the apparent hardness (HV 30). ◼

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Sońta, Grzegorz, Agata Dudek, Jacek Selejdak, and Robert Ulewicz. "Analysis of Structure of Elements for Automotive Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 712 (January 2015): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.712.81.

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The paper presents the results of the structure and chemical composition of materials used to manufacture of gear wheel for the automotive industry. Analyzed gear wheel that is a part of one of the mechanical systems of an automotive vehicle was made of sinter Sint-D 32 in the technology of powder metallurgy and alloy structural steel for quenching and tempering 42CrMo4. The cause of the analysis was to research for an alternative material for sinter Sint-D 32 after identified low static strength according to the requirements applicable in the automotive industry. For the analysis were used standard test methods applicable in materials science. Based on microstructure and mechanical properties analysis performed according to requirements applicable in the automotive industry, the research found that steel 42CrMo4 is relevant material to be used in serial production for this particular gear wheel.

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Gierl-Mayer, Christian, and Herbert Danninger. "Dilatometry Coupled with Mass Spectrometry as Instrument for Process Control in Sintering of Powder Metallurgy Steels." Materials Science Forum 835 (January 2016): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.835.106.

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The production of ferrous powder metallurgical parts by the press-and-sinter route becomes more and more attractive. Today, parts are produced for loading requirements that until now only could be fulfilled by conventional produced steel components. The high mechanical properties that must be attained require the use of alloying elements so far not common in powder metallurgy because of their high affinity for oxygen. The sintering of chromium containing steels is a challenge for the whole production process, because the reduction of the surface oxides is critical for successful sintering.Dilatometry can be a useful instrument to control the sintering behaviour of the materials, especially the combination with mass spectrometry allows analysing the very complex sintering process and simultaneously monitoring the solid-gas reactions. This work shows that the sintering atmosphere plays a major role in the entire process. Degassing and deoxidation processes during sintering are demonstrated for different alloying systems (Fe, Fe-C, Fe-Mo-C, Fe-Cr-Mo-C). Dilatometry coupled with MS is shown to be a very good instrument for process control of the sintering process. The generated analytical data can be related to the mechanical properties of the sintered steels if the size of the specimen is large enough.

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Kolnes, Mart, Jakob Kübarsepp, Fjodor Sergejev, Märt Kolnes, Marek Tarraste, and Mart Viljus. "Performance of Ceramic-Metal Composites as Potential Tool Materials for Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium, Copper and Stainless Steel." Materials 13, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081994.

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The aim of the research was to disclose the performance of ceramic-metal composites, in particular TiC-based cermets and WC-Co hardmetals, as tool materials for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys, stainless steels and copper. The model tests were used to study the wear of tools during cutting of metallic workpiece materials. The primary focus was on the performance and degradation mechanism of tool materials during testing under conditions simulating the FSW process, in particular the welding process temperature. Carbide composites were produced using a common press-and-sinter powder metallurgy technique. The model tests were performed on a universal lathe at the cutting speeds enabling cutting temperatures comparable the temperatures of the FSW of aluminium alloys, stainless steels and pure copper. The wear rate of tools was evaluated as the shortening of the length of the cutting tool nose tip and reaction diffusion tests were performed for better understanding of the diffusion-controlled processes during tool degradation (wear). It was concluded that cermets, in particular TiC-NiMo with 75–80 wt.% TiC, show the highest performance in tests with counterparts from aluminium alloy and austenitic stainless steel. On the other hand, in the model tests with copper workpiece, WC-Co hardmetals, in particular composites with 90–94 wt.% WC, outperform most of TiC-based cermet, including TiC-NiMo. Tools from ceramic-metal composites wear most commonly by mechanisms based on adhesion and diffusion.

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Bolzoni, Leandro, E. M. Ruiz-Navas, and Elena Gordo. "Low-Cost α+β PM Ti Alloys by Fe/Ni Addition to Pure Ti." Materials Science Forum 861 (July 2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.861.153.

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Ti and its alloys can deliver a very interesting combination of properties such as low density, high strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and, therefore, are very flexible materials which can be adapted to various applications. Nonetheless, Ti and Ti alloys are only employed in critical applications (i.e. aeronautical and aerospace, nautical, medical, etc.) or in products for leisure. In both of these cases the higher fabrication costs of Ti in comparison to its competitors (i.e. steel and aluminium) is not the limiting factor as it is for many structural applications, especially for mass production (i.e. automotive sector). The use of creative techniques and the decrement of the starting price of Ti have been identified as the two main routes to follow to decrease the fabrication costs. In this study, the production of low-cost α+β Ti alloys has been assessed by combining the addition of cheap alloying elements (in particular a Fe/Ni powder) with the classical powder metallurgy route (pressing and sintering). Physical and mechanical properties as well as microstructural analysis of these low-cost alloys were measured and correlated to the processing parameters used to sinter them. It is found that the low-cost Ti alloys show similar behaviour to conventional α+β Ti alloys and, thus, have the potential to be used for non-critical applications.

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Sundaram, M. Vattur, R. Shvab, S. Millot, E. Hryha, and L. Nyborg. "Effect of Alloying Type and Lean Sintering Atmosphere on the Performance of PM Components." Powder Metallurgy Progress 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pmp-2017-0008.

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Abstract In order to be cost effective and to meet increasing performance demands, powder metallurgy steel components require continuous improvement in terms of materials and process development. This study demonstrates the feasibility of manufacturing structural components using two different alloys systems, i.e. lean Cr-prealloyed and diffusion bonded water atomised powders with different processing conditions. The components were sintered at two different temperatures, i.e. 1120 and 1250 °C for 30 minutes in three different atmospheres: vacuum, N2- 10%H2 atmosphere as well as lean N2-5%H2-0.5%CO-(0.1-0.4)%CH4 sintering atmosphere. Components after sintering were further processed by either low pressure carburizing, sinterhardening or case hardening. All trials were performed in the industrial furnaces to simulate the actual production of the components. Microstructure, fractography, apparent and micro hardness analyses were performed close to the surface and in the middle of the sample to characterize the degree of sintering (temperature and atmosphere) and the effect of heat treatment. In all cases, components possess mostly martensitic microstructure with a few bainitic regions. The fracture surface shows well developed sinter necks. Inter- and trans-granular ductile and cleavage fracture modes are dominant and their fraction is determined by the alloy and processing route.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys"

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Johnston, Scott R. "Initial stage sintering model of 316L stainless steel with application to three dimensionally printed (3DPtm) components /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7052.

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Tucker, Laura Arias. "Microstructure-property relations throughout the powder metallurgy process." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11092007-005857.

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Books on the topic "Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys"

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Ant͡siferov, V. N. Poroshkovye legirovannye stali. 2nd ed. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a", 1991.

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Ermakov, S. S. Poroshkovye stali i izdelii͡a︡. 4th ed. Moskva: "Mashinostroenie," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1990.

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ZnO bao mo zhi bei ji qi guang, dian xing neng yan jiu. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys"

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Zendron, Marianna, Alberto Molinari, and Luca Girardini. "Hardenability of Low Alloy Sintered Mn Steels." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 625–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.625.

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Hirose, Norimitsu, Kazuya Oouchi, Akira Fujiki, and Junichi Asami. "Study of Elastic Moduli of Sintered Low Alloy Steels by Acoustic Pulse Method." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 749–52. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.749.

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Orban, Magdalena, and Radu L. Orban. "Sintered Structural Cu-Ni-Mo-C Low Alloyed Steels with Small Niobium Additions." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 725–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.725.

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Unami, Shigeru, Yukiko Ozaki, and Satoshi Uenosono. "Rolling Contact Fatigue Property of Sintered and Carburized Compacts Made of Molybdenum Hybrid-Alloyed Steel Powder." In Progress in Powder Metallurgy, 713–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-419-7.713.

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Domşa, Şerban, Radu Orban, and Mihaela Fodor. "Sintered Structural Low Alloyed Steels Particulate Reinforced by High Speed Steel." In Materials Development and Processing - Bulk Amorphous Materials, Undercooling and Powder Metallurgy, 323–28. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607277.ch52.

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Katheria, Sunil Kumar, and Manvandra Kumar Singh. "Analyzing the Properties of Medium Carbon Steel Alloys Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Technique." In Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 357–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4619-8_27.

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Bolzoni, L., E. Herraiz, E. M. Ruiz-Navas, and E. Gordo. "Development of Low-Cost Powder Metallurgy Titanium Alloys by Addition of Commercial 430 Stainless Steel Powder." In TMS 2014 Supplemental Proceedings, 597–604. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889879.ch72.

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Bolzoni, L., E. Herraiz, E. M. Ruiz-Navas, and E. Gordo. "Development of Low-Cost Powder Metallurgy Titanium Alloys by Addition of Commercial 430 Stainless Steel Powder." In TMS 2014: 143rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 597–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48237-8_72.

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Danninger, H., and C. Gierl-Mayer. "Advanced powder metallurgy steel alloys." In Advances in Powder Metallurgy, 149–201. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857098900.2.149.

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Newkirk, Joseph W., and Ronald A. Kohser. "Powder Metallurgy Alloys: Designing with." In Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys, 2606–22. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-eisa-120053064.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys"

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Dhoka, Sahil, Scott W. Wagner, Himansshu Abhi, Nicholas V. Hendrickson, and William J. Emblom. "Integrating Friction-Stir Back Extrusion to Powder Metallurgy." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64052.

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Abstract Reducing fuel consumption has been a driving factor for researchers and manufacturers to continually develop improved methods for reducing the weight of automobiles or lightweighting. These vehicle lightweighting demands have directed researchers to look to using materials that are typically more difficult to manufacture in their studies. As a result, friction stir processing techniques are being looked at more closely. There are advantages to using friction stir methods. Dissimilar metals can be welded and fine-grained products can be created using friction stir methods to name a few. It can be an ideal solution for manufacturing high-conductive metals and alloys. Foamed aluminum tube similar to the one shown by Yoshiko Hangai et al [1] can be formed using the proposed process which could be used to develop lightweight automobile components. This paper provides preliminary results and insights gained when fine metal powders were used in a friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) setup. The tooling consisted of a D2 tool steel die with an H13 rotating probe mounted in a CNC mill. Within the die, commercially pure aluminum powder was topped by an aluminum cap with a milled pocket in the center. This pocket was used to locate the spin tool in the center of the cap and reduce the potential for the tool to drift and deflect. The cap was also used for compacting the powdered aluminum. X-ray diffraction indicated that Al13Fe4 was formed, indicating that the temperature within the die reached a minimum of 800°C and also indicated that the powder had the potential to partially sinter and melt.

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Bjurstro¨m, Martin, and Carl-Gustaf Hjorth. "Producing HP Pump Barrels Utilizing Powder Metallurgy and Hot Isostatic Pressing." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77787.

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The fabrication of near net shape powder metal (PM) components by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been an important manufacturing technology for steel and stainless steel alloys since about 1985. The manufacturing process involves inert gas atomization of powder, 3D CAD capsule design, sheet metal capsule fabrication and densification by HIP in very large pressure vessels. Since 1985, several thousand tonnes of parts have been produced. The major applications are found in the oil and gas industry especially in offshore applications, the industrial power generation industry, and traditional engineering industries. Typically, the components replace castings, forgings and fabricated parts and are produced in high alloy grades such as martensitic steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steels and nickel based superalloys. The application of PM/HIP near net shapes to pump barrels for medium to high pressure use has a number of advantages compared to the traditional forging and welding approach. First, the need for machining of the components is reduced to a minimum and welding during final assembly is reduced substantially. Mechanical properties of the PM/HIP parts are isotropic and equal to the best forged properties in the flow direction. This derives from the fine microstructure using powder powder and the uniform structure from the HIP process. Furthermore, when using the PM HIP process the parts are produced near net shape with supports, nozzles and flanges integrated. This significantly reduces manufacturing lead-time and gives greater design flexibility which improves cost for the final component. The PM HIP near net shape route has received approval from ASTM, NACE and API for specific steel, stainless steel and nickel base alloys. This paper reviews the manufacturing sequence for PM near net shapes and discusses the details of several successful applications. The application of the PM/HIP process to high pressure pump barrels is highlighted.

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Bjurstro¨m, Martin, and Carl-Gustaf Hjorth. "Producing HP Pump Barrels Utilizing Powder Metallurgy and Hot Isostatic Pressing." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11209.

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The fabrication of near net shape powder metal (PM) components by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been an important manufacturing technology for steel and stainless steel alloys since about 1985. The manufacturing process involves inert gas atomization of powder, 3D CAD capsule design, sheet metal capsule fabrication and densification by HIP in very large pressure vessels. Since 1985, several thousand tonnes of parts have been produced. The major applications are found in the oil and gas industry especially in offshore applications, the industrial power generation industry, and traditional engineering industries. Typically, the components replace castings, forgings and fabricated parts and are produced in high alloy grades such as martensitic steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steels and nickel based superalloys. The application of PM/HIP near net shapes to pump barrels for medium to high pressure use has a number of advantages compared to the traditional forging and welding approach. First, the need for machining of the components is reduced to a minimum and welding during final assembly is reduced substantially. Mechanical properties of the PM/HIP parts are isotropic and equal to the best forged properties in the flow direction. This derives from the fine microstructure using powder powder and the uniform structure from the HIP process. Furthermore, when using the PM HIP process the parts are produced near net shape with supports, nozzles and flanges integrated. This significantly reduces manufacturing lead-time and gives greater design flexibility which improves cost for the final component. The PM HIP near net shape route has received approval from ASTM, NACE and API for specific steel, stainless steel and nickel base alloys. This paper reviews the manufacturing sequence for PM near net shapes and discusses the details of several successful applications. The application of the PM/HIP process to high pressure pump barrels is highlighted.

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Stringer, Craig, Andy Wright, and Pete Imbrogno. "Powder Metallurgical Solution for a Complex Geometry Coupler Requiring High Dimensional Stability and Microstructural Uniformity through Heat Treatment." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0017.

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Abstract Powder metallurgy (PM) is the fabrication process of compacting metal powders to shape and sintering these compacts to yield the final material’s properties. The PM compaction process allows for complex geometries to be formed that would normally lead to long and expensive machining processes from wrought steels. Special alloy selection can allow for hardening of the microstructure during the sintering procedure. The sinter hardened (SH) alloys exhibit good mechanical properties along with good hardenability and dimensional stability and may be a suitable replacement for wrought steels where low distortion from heat treatment or microstructural control is required. In this study, it was found for a complex geometry coupler application, a SH alloy could successfully replace an austenitizing heat treatment process with a low carbon steel. The low carbon steel was found to have micro heterogeneities from heat treatment that lead to premature failure in the application. Dimensional distortion and production variance were also of concern with the low carbon steel. The SH material demonstrated acceptable physical properties, hardness and microstructural uniformity to solve the concerns associated with processing of the low carbon steel coupler. Post processing optimization also added to the life performance of the coupler by tailoring the final microstructure to mating components.

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Boegelein, Thomas, Ashwin Rao, Andrew R. Jones, and Gordon J. Tatlock. "Selective Laser Melting of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57892.

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Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys are a long established class of materials manufactured using powder metallurgy techniques. These alloys can offer exceptional high temperature strength and resistance to radiation damage, thus are envisioned to be used in a number of future nuclear and fossil energy power applications. However, due to the manufacturing steps involved, the overall cost to build components with these materials can be high. This paper presents work conducted to assess the feasibility of applying Selective Laser Melting (SLM) techniques to either coat or direct build on substrates with Fe-based Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys. SLM is a rapid prototyping technique which can be used to manufacture near net-shape solid components from layered metallic powder beds. Two different geometries were of interest in this study — a simple button configuration with a nickel-base superalloy (IN939) substrate and a more complex hexagonal shaped wall with a mild steel substrate. Powders of PM2000 (a FeCrAl based ODS alloy) were deposited in both cases. Heat treatments were subsequently conducted on these structures to investigate effects of temperature on the bond characteristics and secondary recrystallisation. Electron microscopy examination revealed significant amounts of diffusion between the nickel and the ODS powders which enhances the bond strength. The studies have revealed the existence of a strong bond between the substrate and the interface even after prolonged exposure at elevated temperatures.

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Gandy, David, John Siefert, Lou Lherbier, and David Novotnak. "PM-HIP Research for Pressure Retaining Applications Within the Electric Power Industry." In ASME 2014 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2014-3305.

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For more than 60 years now, the nuclear power industry has relied on structural and pressure retaining materials generated via established manufacturing practices such as casting, plate rolling-and-welding, forging, drawing, and/or extrusion. During the past three years, EPRI has been leading the development and introduction of another established process, powder metallurgy and hot isostatic pressing (PM/HIP), for pressure retaining applications in the electric power industry. The research includes assessment of two primary alloys: 316L stainless steel and Grade 91 creep-strength enhanced ferritic steels, for introduction into the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Continuing DOE and EPRI research on other structural/pressure retaining alloys such as Alloy 690, SA 508 Class 1, Alloy 625, hard-facing materials, and others are also underway. This research will have a tremendous impact as we move forward over the next few decades on the selection of new alloys and components for advanced light water reactors and small modular reactors. Furthermore, fabrication of high alloy materials/components may require the use of new manufacturing processes to achieve acceptable properties for higher temperature applications such as those in Generation IV applications. Current research by EPRI and DOE will be reviewed and emphasis will be targeted at advanced applications where PM/HIP may be applied in the future.

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7

Loghin, Adrian, Al Cerrone, Anjali Singhal, and Ying Zhou. "Connecting Computed-Tomography-Assisted Discontinuity Detection in Ni-Base Superalloys to Engineering Simulation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65087.

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Abstract:

The impact of non-metallic inclusions on fatigue life of various materials (steel alloys, Ni-base) has been studied extensively for more than fifty years. Specimen test procedures at various conditions (temperature, air or vacuum, LCF, HCF, VHCF) have been used to quantify the impact of inherent manufacturing induced discontinuities (ceramic inclusions, pores, carbides) on the fatigue capability of the material. Frequently, the fatigue data shows large scatter, leading to a large set of test specimens that has to be considered to quantify the lower tail of the fatigue life distribution. To understand the specimen recorded fatigue lives, assessment of the discontinuity population is usually conducted post-mortem by fractography wherein the origin of crack nucleation, size of the eventual inclusion on fracture surface, and distance from the free surface are identified. 3D characterization techniques can be leveraged to extract previously unobtainable information out of the testing specimens non-destructively. In this study, samples of different Powder Metallurgy (PM) Ni-base superalloys with different inclusion content and size were scanned to identify the Computed Tomography (CT) test setup that would provide adequate contrast to discriminate between matrix and eventual discontinuities (inclusions, pores). To further validate the capability to identify discontinuities within the matrix (Ni base alloy) using the CT technique, a set of LCF specimens were scanned prior to the test procedure. Post-failure fractography analysis showed that one of the CT indications is correlated with the failure-inducing inclusion. Volume reconstruction and finite element meshing conclude this study to: a) further provide a size distribution of inclusions in the scanned volume as well as location of these inclusions relative to the surface of the specimen and b) connect direct measurement with engineering simulation.

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Reports on the topic "Sinter (Metallurgy) Powder metallurgy. Steel alloys"

1

Lazarus, L. J. Milling and Drilling Evaluation of Stainless Steel Powder Metallurgy Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789448.

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