Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sinusoidal Wave Method

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Sinusoidal Wave Method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sinusoidal Wave Method"

1

Noviantri, Viska, and Ro’fah Nur Rachmawati. "Bragg Resonance around the Coast of Hardwall." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 7, no. 4 (2016): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v7i4.2547.

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Basically, when waves pass an uneven basis, then this wave will be split into transmission and reflection waves. First of all, it will be shown that a sinusoidal seabed can lead to the phenomenon of Bragg resonance. Bragg resonance occurs when the wave-length comes at twice the wave-length of a sinusoidal basis. The method used to obtain approximation solution is a multi-scale asymptotic expansion method. A research on the effect of Bragg resonance on sinusoidal basis had been studied. Sinusoidal basis can reduce the amplitude of the incoming wave so that the amplitude of the wave transmission is quite small. In these researcher, the coast is assumed ideal and can absorb all the energy of the wave transmission. If the beach can reflect waves, this indicates that the existence of sinusoidal basis is more harmful to the coast. This mechanism relies on the distance between the base sinusoidal and beaches. The present research will examined the influence of the base, when there was a beach of hard-wall on the right, which was perfectly capable of reflecting waves. Having regard to the phase difference, from super positioned waves when they hit the beach, so it can determine the safert and the most dangerous distance.
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Ghassemizadeh, Seyyed-Mahmood, and Mohammad Javad Ketabdari. "Modeling of Solitary Wave Interaction with Curved Face Seawalls Using Numerical Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (June 6, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5649637.

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This paper considers the solitary wave interaction with seawalls of different curved geometries and sloped faces using numerical modeling. This interaction was simulated using the Finite Volume Method-Volume of Fraction (FVM-VOF) approach. To model the turbulent free-surface flow, coupled VOF and k-ε-RNG methods were used. To validate the model, the numerical results for a conventional sloping seawall were compared with the available experimental data. Then the interaction of solitary waves and seawalls with different sinusoidal, logarithmic, and parabolic functions front faces and linear slope was modeled. The results showed that for these seawalls in general by increasing the solitary wavelength, the wave reflection coefficient (Cr) increases. However, the wave run-up on seawalls demonstrates an oscillatory decrease. Furthermore, for parabolic walls in comparison to conventional linear sloping seawalls, the wave run-up and wave reflection increased by 4.1% and 4.7%. For sinusoidal walls, the wave run-up and wave reflection increased by 5% and 1.8%. For logarithmic walls, the wave run-up and wave reflection increased by 6.3% and decreased by 1.1%, respectively. This means that wave run-up on logarithmic walls is more than that of the sinusoidal, parabolic, and sloped walls. The simulation results revealed that normalized maximum run-up increases with an increase in normalized incident wave height for all types of curved walls.
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Matalata, Hendi, and Rozlinda Dewi. "Desain Rangkaian Gate Driver Analog untuk Dual Mosfet Drivers." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 2 (2021): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i2.1534.

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Switching techniques have been continued to develop, including sinusoidal PWM, space vector PWM, current tracking PWM, harmonic elimination PWM and others. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but the most commonly used methods are sinusoidal PWM and space vector PWM. PWM that is generated using a microcontroller or analog IC component generally has a maximum voltage value of 5V. To strengthen the PWM wave, a gate-driver circuit is needed, so that the PWM control wave is able to move the IGBT / MOSFET. On this paper, the design of gate driver circuit use An analog IC, which starts from the generation of two waves, namely a sinusoidal wave and a DC source to be compared (Comparator) so that it can produce a PWM wave. Then this PWM wave is isolated using an optocoupler and MOSFET driver IC to limit interference in the switching process on high power supplies. Based on the results, it can be cancluded PWM control wave output from the gate-driver circuit is isolated from the system intended for designing a power converter and other applications.
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Effendi, Effendi, Ira Devi Sara, and Rakhmad Syafutra Lubis. "Disain SPWM Multilevel Inverter Satu Fasa Lima Belas Level." Jurnal Rekayasa Elektrika 12, no. 2 (2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17529/jre.v12i2.3966.

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Fifteen level single phase multilevel inverter is constructed using power circuit consist of 7 MOSFETs, seven independents DC sources, seven diodes, and an H-Bridge circuit. Switching method used in this MLI is sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) multicarrier where the reference wave in the form of a sinusoidal wave. Multicarrier SPWM circuit is designed using electronic components such as Op-Amp that used as a comparator and some logic gates such as AND, OR and NOT gate to trigger S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and H-Bridge circuit. Carrier waves used in this MLI modified from the triangle wave that having a frequency into carrier waves without frequency (DC sources) where THD that generated into 5.502%. While methods that use frequency such as Phase Disposition PWM (PD PWM), Phase Shift PWM (PS-PWM), and Carrier Overlapping PWM (CO PWM) that produces THD greater than the proposed method, this system was simulated using PSIM software.
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Yuan, Zhen Zhong, Bhupendra Singh Chauhan, and Hee Chang Lim. "Study of a Wave Absorber in Various Distance Placed in a Sinusoidal Propagate Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (February 2013): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.326.

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Since there has been a rapid progress to understand the dynamics of an offshore floating body under an ocean environment, we undertake to generate the ocean waves in a lab-scale wind-wave flume. The study is aiming to observe and optimize the similar ocean environmental condition as input wave and to reduce the wall reflective wave. Several absorption methods are suggested to optimize the propagate wave by measuring the maximum and minimum of the standing wave envelope. There has been no optimized absorption method, as they highly depend on the wave period and the wave length. One of the methods - two fixed wave gauges measuring two wave heights and one wave phase - is applied in this study. In the present paper various approaches were used to analyze the results using the flume, by position of probes, with absorber and without absorber, different position, condition and angle of the wave absorber, This paper also focuses on the analysis of fundamental equations which describe the separating method of the incident and reflective wave, and finally we confirm that the wave absorber is highly efficient considering all the permutation and combination.From the study it is clear that there is a change in the wave amplitude at the receiving end then the generated end; wave absorber is a strong source to control the energy of the coming wave. With the changing the period of the wave, the reflectance is increasing when the period becomes larger.
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Li, Zhuang, Liangyu Chen, Yan Zhong, and Lei Wang. "Study on Sinusoidal Post-Buckling Deformation of Coiled Tubing in Horizontal Wells Based on the Separation Constant Method." Machines 11, no. 5 (2023): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11050563.

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In this paper, a set of partial differential equations considering the dynamic effects of the coiled tubing (CT) is established based on the bending theory of slender beams considering the axial loads. The analytical solution of sinusoidal deformation with the time term is obtained. The critical load of coiled tubing during sinusoidal buckling and the change of half-wave number during sinusoidal post-buckling are studied through the introduction of the necessary conditions, solution and the separation constant. The contact force of coiled tubing with sinusoidal post-buckling on the horizontal well wall is analyzed. The results show that the critical load for sinusoidal buckling of fixed-size CT is related to the section angular acceleration coefficient. The half-wave number produced by the sinusoidal post-buckling bending of the CT gradually decreases during compression. The contact force of the deformed CT to the borehole wall is related to the compression speed of the CT. By introducing the dynamic term and the separation constant, this research model can provide a theoretical basis for studying the transformation of the CT from sinusoidal buckling to helical buckling.
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Takita, Nobuhiro, and Kyyoul Yun. "Study on Control Method of Magnetic Flux Density Waveform in AC Magnetic Measurement." Materials Science Forum 1034 (June 15, 2021): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1034.135.

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To estimate the magnetic properties of the magnetic material, magnetic flux density waveform (B waveform) must be sinusoidal wave. However, it is necessary to control the exciting waveform in consideration of the distortion, because voltage waveform induced by B-coil is distorted due to the magnetic properties. As a result, the IBCM can make B waveform sinusoidal wave with the least number of feedbacks than any control method. Because the IBCM performs noise cancelling for measured waveform and make accurate exciting waveform from measured waveform.
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Gallyamov, A. G., L. P. Goldobina, O. V. Minyaeva, R. G. Valeev, and N. A. Gallyamova. "The comprehensive effect of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter-wave therapy for neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 17, no. 5 (2020): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1681-3456-2018-17-5-241-245.

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Background. Comprehensive therapeutic techniques are becoming increasingly common in treatment of various diseases.
 Aim: to study the comprehensive effect of decimeter-wave therapy, sinusoidal modulated current therapy for lumbar osteochondrosis with neurological manifestations.
 Methods. The comprehensive effect of physiotherapeutic treatment in 69 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis and concomitant neurological manifestations was studied. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the leading neurological symptoms with reflex and radicular syndrome. Both groups received similar comprehensive physiotherapeutic treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter waves.
 Results. A comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic efficiency of treatment, taking into account clinical and paraclinical data, enabled to substantiate the positive results of treatment in 79.5% of patients with reflex syndromes and 69% with radicular syndromes.
 Conclusion. The comprehensive application of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter wave therapy can be considered as a method of pathogenetic physiotherapy of patients with lumbar osteochondrosis with various neurological manifestations.
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Gallyamov, A. G., L. P. Goldobina, O. V. Minyaeva, R. G. Valeev, and N. A. Gallyamova. "The comprehensive effect of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter-wave therapy for neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 17, no. 5 (2020): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1681-3456-2018-17-5-241-245.

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Background. Comprehensive therapeutic techniques are becoming increasingly common in treatment of various diseases.
 Aim: to study the comprehensive effect of decimeter-wave therapy, sinusoidal modulated current therapy for lumbar osteochondrosis with neurological manifestations.
 Methods. The comprehensive effect of physiotherapeutic treatment in 69 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis and concomitant neurological manifestations was studied. All patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the leading neurological symptoms with reflex and radicular syndrome. Both groups received similar comprehensive physiotherapeutic treatment with sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter waves.
 Results. A comprehensive assessment of the therapeutic efficiency of treatment, taking into account clinical and paraclinical data, enabled to substantiate the positive results of treatment in 79.5% of patients with reflex syndromes and 69% with radicular syndromes.
 Conclusion. The comprehensive application of sinusoidal modulated currents and decimeter wave therapy can be considered as a method of pathogenetic physiotherapy of patients with lumbar osteochondrosis with various neurological manifestations.
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Segawa, Yuhiro, Kenji Yamazaki, Jun Yamasaki, and Kazutoshi Gohara. "Quasi-static 3D structure of graphene ripple measured using aberration-corrected TEM." Nanoscale 13, no. 11 (2021): 5847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr00237f.

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Our new method of measuring monolayer graphene revealed experimentally that the ripple structure was represented as a superposition of sinusoidal waves, with their wave vectors coinciding with the specific direction of the six-membered ring.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sinusoidal Wave Method"

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JYUN, JHANG-MING, and 張峻銘. "Study on the Effect of Combined Sinusoidal Wave Charging Method on the Internal Material of LFP Battery." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z53h4j.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>車輛工程系<br>107<br>In this study, the effects of CC-CV charging method and Combined Sinusoidal Wave charging method on the internal structure of lithium iron phosphate battery were discussed. From the experimental results, it is found that after 600 cycles, the battery using the charging method still retains about 94% of SOH, and in the electrochemical impedance analysis and cyclic voltammetry test, the portion of the SEI film impedance is increased about 0.08 mΩ. In the microstructured portion, no significant SEI film formation was observed on the surface of the negative electrode using the battery of the present charging method. Finally, in the analysis of the SEI film composition, it was found that the Li_2 CO_3 and Li_2 O content in the Li element was only about 15.97% and 4.42% in the battery using this charging method, and the battery component content in the CC-CV charging method was 27.2%. 6.69%.
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Kumar, K. Pavan. "Instrumentation For Reverse Iontophoresis And Biosensor Capacitance Measurement." Thesis, 2008. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/869.

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Iontophoresis is a method to enhance and regulate the transdermal drug delivery by application of an electric field to the skin. Application of small electric current (µ A) enhances transport of both charged and neutral molecules across the skin. Reverse of this process enables extraction of analytes across the skin for noninvasive sensing and diagnosis. Hence it is planned to conduct detailed studies on Reverse Iontophoresis. An invitro model is developed to study the extraction of glucose across the skin. Effects of magnitude of electric current, time of application, pH etc. on the extraction of glucose are studied. It is observed that extraction of glucose at the cathode is higher than at the anode. Advantage of invitro model is the possibility of varying parameters to an extent which is impossible invivo. Instrumentation suitable for continuous monitoring of reverse iontophoresis invivo in human subjects is developed. It supplies the required current and acquires the potential profile of the skin during reverse iontophoresis. Potential profiles showed that skin resistance decreases with the application of current. Experimental results revealed that the application of pulsed DC tends to make the reverse iontophoresis more effective by enhancing the flow of analytes which is proved by the fact that skin resistance decreases and stabilizes faster in comparison to the one with direct current reverse iontophoresis. Present work emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate duty cycle and frequency for reverse iontophoresis. Duty cycle around 95% and frequency of 250 mHz are good for low frequency reverse iontophoresis. Effect of reverse iontophoresis on the skin recovery is observed by monitoring the potential profiles at the end of the process. In all the reverse iontophoresis experiments, safety of the patient is ensured by fixing a compliance voltage level. Finally, Instrumentation to measure the capacitance of biosensors is developed based on frequency domain technique with a sinusoidal input. Accuracy in capacitance measurements is ±5%. Glucose measurement is demonstrated with the developed instrument using a capacitance type biosensor. The obtained results are in good agreement with the standard UV-Visible spectroscopic measurements based on phenol-sulphuric acid assay method.
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Kumar, K. Pavan. "Instrumentation For Reverse Iontophoresis And Biosensor Capacitance Measurement." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/869.

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Iontophoresis is a method to enhance and regulate the transdermal drug delivery by application of an electric field to the skin. Application of small electric current (µ A) enhances transport of both charged and neutral molecules across the skin. Reverse of this process enables extraction of analytes across the skin for noninvasive sensing and diagnosis. Hence it is planned to conduct detailed studies on Reverse Iontophoresis. An invitro model is developed to study the extraction of glucose across the skin. Effects of magnitude of electric current, time of application, pH etc. on the extraction of glucose are studied. It is observed that extraction of glucose at the cathode is higher than at the anode. Advantage of invitro model is the possibility of varying parameters to an extent which is impossible invivo. Instrumentation suitable for continuous monitoring of reverse iontophoresis invivo in human subjects is developed. It supplies the required current and acquires the potential profile of the skin during reverse iontophoresis. Potential profiles showed that skin resistance decreases with the application of current. Experimental results revealed that the application of pulsed DC tends to make the reverse iontophoresis more effective by enhancing the flow of analytes which is proved by the fact that skin resistance decreases and stabilizes faster in comparison to the one with direct current reverse iontophoresis. Present work emphasizes the importance of selecting an appropriate duty cycle and frequency for reverse iontophoresis. Duty cycle around 95% and frequency of 250 mHz are good for low frequency reverse iontophoresis. Effect of reverse iontophoresis on the skin recovery is observed by monitoring the potential profiles at the end of the process. In all the reverse iontophoresis experiments, safety of the patient is ensured by fixing a compliance voltage level. Finally, Instrumentation to measure the capacitance of biosensors is developed based on frequency domain technique with a sinusoidal input. Accuracy in capacitance measurements is ±5%. Glucose measurement is demonstrated with the developed instrument using a capacitance type biosensor. The obtained results are in good agreement with the standard UV-Visible spectroscopic measurements based on phenol-sulphuric acid assay method.
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Books on the topic "Sinusoidal Wave Method"

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IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. Wave Propagation Standards Subcommittee on Field Strength Measurements., IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society. Wave Propagation Standards Committee., IEEE Standards Board, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., eds. IEEE standard methods for measuring electromagnetic field strength of sinusoidal continuous waves, 30 Hz to 30 GHz. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1991.

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Pershina, K. D., and K. O. Kazdobin. Impedance spectroscopy of electrolytic materials. V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/guide.2012.224.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is playing an increasingly significant role in fundamental and applied research: to study any type of solid and liquid materials (ionic, mixed, semiconductor, and insulators), to study charge transfer in heterogeneous systems, including phase boundaries, electrode boundaries, and elements of the microstructure. With the help of EIS, it is possible to study the behavior of chemical sensors, fuel cells, batteries, and corrosion processes. The base of the method stays on the principle of exciting any electrochemical system with a signal in the form of a sinusoidal wave and observing its behavior in response to this disturbance. This is the simplest method for determining the structural and transport functions of the system under study. This is the simplest method for determining the structural and transport functions of the system under study. The book discusses the theoretical foundations of the method of impedance spectroscopy, including the method of equivalent circuits, and provides examples of the analysis of impedance spectra for real objects. The main attention is paid to the model elements of equivalent circuits, their physical base, and the use of the models in the analysis of electrochemical systems. Handbook consists of seven chapters. It has questions and tasks to self-work after each part. It is intended for students of chemical, chemical-technological, and biomedical specialties, as well as for specialists engaged in research in the field of materials science, medicine, and ecology.
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Measurements, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Wave Propagation Standards Subcommittee on Field Strength. IEEE Standard Methods for Measuring Electromagnetic Field Strength of Sinusoidal Continuous Waves, 30 Hz to 30 Ghz (32-Volume Set). Ieee, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sinusoidal Wave Method"

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Trubitsin, V. Yu, and V. P. Shirokovskii. "Calculation of the Electronic Structure of Antiferromagnetic Chromium with a Sinusoidal Spin Density Wave by the Method of Dirac Function Linear Combination." In Properties of Complex Inorganic Solids. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5943-6_18.

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"Perturbation Method for Non-Sinusoidal Waves." In Asymptotic Perturbation Theory of Waves. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848162365_0003.

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"Chapter 7 Superposition of sinusoidal waves with different frequencies and wave lengths." In Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6895(00)80009-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sinusoidal Wave Method"

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Hyun Kim, Il-Suek Koh, and Jong-Gwan Yook. "Sinusoidal plane wave excitation method without solving 1D FDTD in 2D ID-FDTD scheme." In 2008 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2008.4619352.

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Li, Wenhua, Z. C. Zheng, and Ying Xu. "Flow/Acoustic Mechanisms in Three-Dimensional Vortices Undergoing Sinusoidal-Wave Instabilities." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43163.

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It has been identified that vorticity in a vortex core directly relates to the frequency of a significant sound peak from an aircraft wake vortex pair where each of the vortices is modeled as an elliptic core Kirchhoff vortex. In three-dimensional vortices, sinusoidal instabilities at various length scales result in significant flow structure changes in these vortices, and thus influence their radiated acoustic signals. In this study, a three-dimensional vortex particle method is used to simulate the incompressible vortical flow. The flow field, in the form of vorticity, is employed as the source in the far-field acoustic calculation using a vortex sound formula that enables computation of acoustic signals radiated from an approximated incompressible flow field. Cases of vortex rings and a pair of counter-rotating vortices are studied when they are undergoing both long- and short-wave instabilities. Both inviscid and viscous interactions are considered and effects of turbulence are simulated using sub-grid-scale models.
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Ozbolat, Veli, and Besir Sahin. "Numerical Investigations of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Water-Based Al2O3 Nanofluids in a Sinusoidal-Wall Channel." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66264.

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This research numerically investigates the heat transfer of water-Al2O3 nanofluids in a two dimensional sinusoidal wavy channel. Simulation studies are performed for fully developed flow conditions in a channel with eight waves. The temperature of the input fluid is taken to be less than that temperature of wavy walls. The governing continuity, momentum and energy equations are numerically solved using finite volume method based on SIMPLE technique. Numerical simulations were carried out for a Reynolds number ranging from 400 to 1600 and a nanofluid volume fraction, Ø where 0≤Ø≤8%. The effect of distance between channel walls are studied by varying Hmin/Hmax ratio from 0.3 to 0.5 for keeping wave length and wave amplitude values fixed. The effect of these parameters on local and average Nusselt numbers and heat transfer enhancement are presented and discussed. The results revealed that the addition of nano-particles can increase heat transfer significantly.
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Antropov, Oleg S., Sergey M. Vovk, and Valentin F. Borulko. "Method of Minimum of Duration for Extraction of Damped and Delayed Sinusoidal Signal in Presence of Pulses." In 2007 XIIth International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/diped.2007.4373609.

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Yamamoto, Y., K. Asahina, K. Yoshimizu, and K. Makihara. "Sensorless Method for Switching Energy Harvester Based on Self-Sensing Approach." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9116.

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Vibration energy harvesting extracts electrical energy from vibrating structures. The past studies of vibration energy harvesting suggest that the efficiency can be improved by switch regulation in the harvesting circuit. The switch-regulation is carried out depending on the motion of the target structure with the use of vibration sensors such as displacement sensor or accelerometer. This paper proposes a new vibration self-sensing method for switching energy harvesters that do not use those vibration sensors. In this method, the voltage of the piezoelectric transducer is measured, and the structural vibrational status is estimated from the measured voltage. The transducer voltage is not smooth and does not maintain the sinusoidal wave even when the structure vibrates in a sinusoidal wave because the switch energy harvesting method inverses the transducer voltage at every period. Thus, we establish a state observer based on a Kalman filter to estimate three state values of the target harvesting system: modal displacement, modal velocity, and electric charge in the transducer. This paper describes the construction processes for the observer. The observed value is the transducer voltage. We also show an electric circuit for measuring the transducer voltage. Finally, we confirm the efficiency of the proposed state observer for switch harvesting with numerical simulations.
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Fullerton, Anne, Brian Fullerton, and Thomas Fu. "A Directional Wave Array Using Ultrasonic Sensors." In SNAME 29th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-2010-008.

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A typical approach to determining wave direction is to assume that the sea surface is made up of several sinusoidal waves of various frequencies and directions. One method to determine wave direction as a function of frequency is to use an array of time-series point measurements of water elevation. These multi-element arrays can either be linear or polygonal, and utilize phase, time and path differences to determine wave direction. Typically, pressure gages or capacitance wave probes are used in a directional wave array, however, recently at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, a directional wave array was employed using five ultrasonic level sensors in an array to quantify wave direction in the Maneuvering and Seakeeping basin (MASK). Two methods were then used to calculate wave direction, a phase/path/time difference method of Esteva which yields a mean direction for each frequency bin, and the Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), which yields a directional spectrum for each frequency bin. Testing in the MASK was performed to assess the feasibility of using the array on a moving vessel to measure directional seas in the field. The sensors' sampling rate was set at 20 Hz and the five sensors were set up in "slave-master" mode, with the “master” driving the four “slaves” to sample concurrently. This method helped to reduce cross-talk between the sensors and their subsequent dropouts and spikes. Data was collected using LabView software with custom written real-time analysis in MATLAB. Wave direction was measured with regular and irregular waves, with unidirectional and bi-directional systems ninety degrees apart. Tests were performed with the array in a stationary position, as well as with forward motion and simulated pitch and roll motions to assess the potential of using the array on a moving vessel. Results with the stationary array from the basin are good, with the array correctly measuring regular waves of a single frequency from two directions, as well as irregular waves from two directions. Results from the system undergoing motions have increased variability.
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Zhu, W. D., X. K. Song, and N. A. Zheng. "Dynamics Stability of a Translating String With a Sinusoidally Varying Velocity." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38692.

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A new parametric instability phenomenon characterized by infinitely compressed, shock-like waves with a bounded displacement and an unbounded vibratory energy is discovered in a translating string with a constant length and tension and a sinusoidally varying velocity. A novel method based on the wave solutions and the fixed point theory is developed to analyze the instability phenomenon. The phase functions of the wave solutions corresponding to the phases of the sinusoidal part of the translation velocity, when an infinitesimal wave arrives at the left boundary, are established. The period number of a fixed point of a phase function is defined as the number of times that the corresponding infinitesimal wave propagates between the two boundaries before the phase repeats itself. The instability conditions are determined by identifying the regions in a parameter plane where attracting fixed points of the phase functions exist. The period-1 instability regions are analytically obtained, and the period-i (i &gt; 1) instability regions are numerically calculated using bifurcation diagrams. The wave patterns corresponding to different instability regions are determined, and the strength of instability corresponding to different period numbers is analyzed.
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Dimakopoulos, Aggelos S., and Athanassios A. Dimas. "Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Wave Propagation and Breaking Over Constant-Slope Bottom." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92163.

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The numerical simulation of the two-dimensional free-surface flow resulting from the propagation of nonlinear gravity waves over constant-slope bottom is presented. The simulation is based on the numerical solution of the Euler equations subject to the fully nonlinear free-surface boundary conditions and the appropriate bottom, inflow and outflow conditions using a hybrid finite-differences and spectral-method scheme. Wave breaking is accounted for by a surface roller model. The formulation includes a boundary-fitted transformation and is suitable for future extension to incorporate large-eddy and large-wave simulation terms. Results are presented for the simulation of the free-surface flow over two different bottom topographies, with constant slope values of 1:10 and 1:50, and three different inflow wave heights. Over the bottom slope, waves of small wave heights are modified according to linear theory. For nonlinear waves, wavelengths are becoming shorter, the free surface elevation deviates from its initial sinusoidal shape and wave heights increase with decreasing depth. Breaking is observed for the cases with the larger initial wave height and the smaller outflow depth.
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Ziari, Mehrdad, William H. Steier, Peter M. Ranon, Marvin B. Klein та Sudhir Trivedi. "Enhancement of the photorefractive gain in CdTe at 1.3-1.5 μm under alternating electric fields". У OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.moo5.

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Abstract:
CdTe:V is a photorefractive material with high theoretical and measured sensitivities at wavelengths from the band edge (0.9 μm) to 1.5 μm. We report large enhancement of the two-beam-coupling gain in V-doped CdTe by using the applied alternating field method with square and sinusoidal wave forms. With nominally square wave forms, gain coefficients in excess of 10 cm−1 have been measured at 1.3 μm wavelength, which significantly exceed the absorption coefficient of 2 cm−1 in our sample. We have studied the effects of the ac voltage pulse shape using nominally square waves in the 100-230 kHz range and sinusoidal fields in the 3-7 MHz range. The exact shape of the internal electric field is measured by using the electro-optic field-induced birefringence and suggests a fast screening of the internal field. We will present a model that discusses the major effects of the alternating waveform shape and internal field screening on the beam-coupling gain. We have also measured the dependence of the gain on the pump-to-signal beam ratios and will present the results for both square and sinusoidal waveforms. Our observations suggest that large gain values are only attainable at very large beam ratios for the case of square waves.
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10

Shi, Yanru, Sugumar Dharmalingam, Zhenxian Yu, Lingxue Kong, and Hung-Yao Hsu. "Preliminary Numerical Modelling of Non-Newtonian Fluid Behaviour Under Surface Microwaves." In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96069.

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This paper presents the numerical simulation of a non-Newtonian fluid under the effect of moving sinusoidal surface micro waves generated by a micro actuator. The blood is used as the fluid in the simulation, which is confined between the actuator and the substrate, within a channel of 20 micron high. The simulation was solved using the finite element method by utilizing the commercially available software ANSYS. A mathematical model is developed to convert the non-Newtonian fluid to equivalent Newtonian fluid to estimate the traction force. The results show that a stable thrust force is generated by the moving sinusoidal waves. The magnitude of the thrust force is increasing while the fluid viscosity and the wave frequency are increasing. The results also show that the thrust force is highly predictable and controllable. A surface thrust force of 19.71 micro-Newton per centimetre for the frequency of 1 kilohertz can be obtained in blood by using an actuator of one millimeter diameter. The direction of the force can be changed by changing the wave propagation direction.
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