Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sirs

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sirs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sirs"

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Opsarini, Safitri Febriana, Respatiwulan, and Muhammad Bayu Nirwana. "COMPARISON OF CONTINUOUS TIME MARKOV CHAIN (CTMC) SIRS AND SIQRS EPIDEMIC MODEL SIMULATION RESULTS ON THE SPREAD OF MONKEYPOX DISEASE." Proceedings of International Conference on Education 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 694–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/pice.v2i1.1347.

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The uncontrolled spread of infectious diseases over a long period of time can cause epidemic. The pattern of spread of an infectious disease can be described through a mathematical model called an epidemic model. The development of the SIR epidemic model which assumes that recovered individuals have temporary immunity so that they can be re-infected is called the SIRS epidemic model. Quarantine is an effort to restrict movement to prevent the transmission of disease among individuals in a society. The SIQRS epidemic model is a modification of the SIRS model which assumes a quarantine phase for infected individuals. The SIQRS epidemic model that follows the Markov process and changes in the number of individuals are viewed in continuous time is the SIQRS continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) epidemic model. Monkeypox or monkeypox is an infectious disease that has hit several countries in Central and West Africa. The aims of this research are to explain the CTMC SIQRS epidemic model and compare the simulation results between the CTMC SIQRS and CTMC SIRS epidemic models on the spread of monkeypox. The research’s method is literature study by discussing relevant theories and previous research. The results of this research are the CTMC SIQRS model in the form of transition probabilities. The simulation of CTMC SIRS epidemic model on the spread of monkeypox shows that the end of epidemic occur at days years, whereas in the CTMC SIQRS model, the end of epidemic occur at days years. Therefore, it was concluded that the quarantine phase can speed up the end of the epidemic.
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Longtine, M. S., S. Enomoto, S. L. Finstad, and J. Berman. "Telomere-mediated plasmid segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves gene products required for transcriptional repression at silencers and telomeres." Genetics 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.171.

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Abstract Plasmids that contain Saccharomyces cerevisiae TG1-3 telomere repeat sequences (TRS plasmids) segregate efficiently during mitosis. Mutations in histone H4 reduce the efficiency of TRS-mediated plasmid segregation, suggesting that chromatin structure is involved in this process. Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4 are required for the transcriptional repression of genes located at the silent mating type loci (HML and HMR) and at telomeres (telomere position effect) and are also involved in the segregation of TRS plasmids, indicating that TRS-mediated plasmid segregation involves factors that act at chromosomal telomeres. TRS plasmid segregation differes from the segregation of plasmids carrying the HMR E silencing region: HMR E plasmid segregation function is completely dependent upon Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4, involves Sir1 and is not influenced by mutations in RAP 1 that eliminate TRS plasmid segregation. Mutations in SIR1, SIN1, TOP1, TEL1 and TEL2 do not influence TRS plasmid segregation. Unlike transcriptional repression at telomeres, TRS plasmids retain partial segregation function in sir2, sir3, sir4, nat1 and ard1 mutant strains. Thus it is likely that TRS plasmid segregation involves additional factors that are not involved in telomere position effect.
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Doraz, Walter E. "Sirs." Nutrition Today 20, no. 6 (November 1985): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-198511000-00018.

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Munro, Nancy. "Sirs." Nutrition Today 20, no. 6 (November 1985): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-198511000-00019.

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Schnaper, H. W., and T. M. Aune. "Suppression of immune responses to sheep erythrocytes by the lymphokine soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) in vivo." Journal of Immunology 137, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.137.3.863.

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Abstract Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) is a protein produced by activated suppressor T lymphocytes which inhibits division by tumor cells and plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in vitro. Although this lymphokine has been fairly well characterized in vitro, little is known about its effects in vivo. Purified murine SIRS, 10(3) to 10(4) U injected i.p., suppressed murine PFC responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in vivo. Suppression occurred when SIRS was injected into mice 5 days before assay, and also occurred when SIRS activated with 10(-6) M H2O2 was injected 24 hr before assay. These kinetics are similar to those observed in tissue culture, where suppression of PFC responses requires the addition of SIRS 4 to 5 days before assay unless SIRS is activated to SIRSox by H2O2. Levamisole, an inhibitor of SIRS-mediated suppression in vitro, also blocked suppression by SIRS in vivo. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to footpad injection of SRBC was also inhibited by SIRS. Suppression of PFC responses by recombinant immune interferon (IFN-gamma), which activates lymphocytes to produce SIRS in vitro, was blocked by injection of levamisole or monoclonal anti-SIRS antibodies. These results show that SIRS suppresses immune responses in vivo, and suggest that suppression of PFC responses by IFN-gamma may be largely mediated by SIRS. These findings indicate that SIRS could contribute to the development of suppressed immunity in vivo.
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Webb, D. R., K. Mason, G. Semenuk, T. M. Aune, and C. W. Pierce. "Purification and analysis of isoforms of soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS)." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 3238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.5.3238.

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Abstract Soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS) isolated from the T cell hybrid 393D2.6 was originally reported to exist as at least two m.w. forms and to migrate on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns as three separate species. In experiments presented here, a further analysis of the different chromatographic forms of SIRS has been carried out. SIRS-alpha elutes from C-18 reverse-phase columns in 20% propanol. When SIRS-alpha is subjected to isoelectric focusing, three biologically active species are isolated at approximately pH7, approximately pH6, and approximately pH5 (SIRS-alpha 7, SIRS-alpha 6, and SIRS-alpha 5, respectively). SIRS-beta elutes in 30% propanol, and on isoelectric focusing the biologic activity is found only at approximately pH7 (SIRS-beta 7). Both the alpha and beta forms of SIRS have nearly identical m.w. when subjected to molecular sieve chromatography and migrate with a m.w. of 11,000. The molecular basis for these isoforms is not yet clear but is consistent with earlier studies showing two separate messenger RNA species coding for SIRS.
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Side, Syafruddin, Ahmad Zaki, and Nurwahidah Sari. "Analisis Model Matematika Penyebaran Demam Berdarah Dengue dengan Fungsi Lyapunov." Journal of Mathematics, Computations, and Statistics 1, no. 2 (May 19, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/jmathcos.v1i2.9188.

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Abstrak. Artike lini adalah penelitian teori dan terapan. Artikelini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai model matematika SIRS untuk penyebaran Demam Berdarah Dengue. Data yang digunakanadalah data sekunder jumlah penderita penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue dari Side pada tahun 2014. Pembahasan di mulai dari membangun model matematika SIRS penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue, menentukan eksistensi model SIRS menggunakan fungsi Lyapunov, penentuan titik ekuilibrium, kemudian mencari analisis kestabilan titik ekuilibrium menggunakan fungsi Lyapunov, menentukan nilai bilangan reproduksi dasar , membuat simulasi model, dan menginterpretasikannya. Dalam artikel ini diperoleh model matematika SIRS untuk penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue, eksistensi model SIRS, dua titik ekuilibrium bebas penyakit dan endemik dari model SIRS, kestabilan global keseimbangan bebas penyakit dan endemik dari model SIRS dengan nilai bilangan reproduksi dasar , ini menunjukkan bahwa penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue berstatus epidemik.Kata Kunci: Model Matematika, Penyebaran Penyakit, Demam Berdarah Dengue, Model SIRS, Fungsi LyapunovAbstract. This paper is theorethical and applied research. This paper aims to discus about SIRS mathematical models for the spread of dengue fever. The data used is a secondary data about the number of people with dengue fever disease from Side (2014). The discussion start from constructing SIRS models of dengue fever disease, determining the existence of SIRS models using Lyapunov function, determining equilibrium point, then looking for stability analysis of equilibrium point using Lyapunov function, determining reproduction number , making models simulation, and interpreting it. In this paper, we obtained mathemathical models of SIRS for dengue fever disease, existence of SIRS models, disease-free and endemic equilibrium points of SIRS models, global stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium of SIRS models with basic reproduction number , it shows that dengue fever disease is epidemic status. , This shows that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is an epidemic.Keyword: Mathematical Model, Spread of Disease, Dengue Fever, SIRS Model, Lyapunov Function
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Nocera, Irene, Francesca Bonelli, Valentina Vitale, Valentina Meucci, Giuseppe Conte, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Luis Alfonso Gracia-Calvo, and Micaela Sgorbini. "Evaluation of Plasmatic Procalcitonin in Healthy, and in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Negative or Positive Colic Horses." Animals 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11072015.

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Colic horses show systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) clinical signs. Procalcitonin (PCT) showed increased circulating levels in sick horses. This study compares plasma PCT concentrations in healthy vs. SIRS negative/positive colic horses over time, and evaluates PCT and SIRS score potential correlation, to verify the usefulness of PCT for the evaluation of SIRS severity. Ninety-one horses were included; 43/91 were healthy, on basis of physical examination, blood work and SIRS score (score = 0), while 48/91 were sick colic horses, classified as SIRS-negative (score < 2) and positive (score ≥ 2). Moreover, a 0–6 point-scale SIRS score was calculated (assessing mucous membrane color and blood lactate concentration). PCT was evaluated at admission, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, using a commercial kit for equine species. We verified by the ANOVA test PCT differences between healthy vs. colic horses, healthy vs. SIRS-negative or SIRS-positive colic horses, at all sampling times, and the correlation between the SIRS score at admission with the SIRS score. Statistically significant differences were detected between healthy vs. all colic horses and between healthy vs. SIRS-positive or negative horses at all sampling times. No correlation was observed between the SIRS score at admission and PCT values. PCT was statistically higher in colic horses compared to the healthy ones, suggesting a role as a biomarker for colic.
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McNelis, Francis L. "Dear Sirs." Laryngoscope 95, no. 8 (August 1985): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198508000-00028.

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Joseph, David L. "Dear Sirs." Laryngoscope 95, no. 8 (August 1985): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198508000-00029.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sirs"

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Goodness, Kelly R. "Retrospective Evaluation of Malingering: A Validational Study of the R-SIRS and CT-SIRS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278240/.

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Empirically based methods of detecting retrospective malingering (i.e., the false assertion or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms reportedly experienced during a prior time period) are needed given that retrospective evaluations are commonplace in forensic assessments. This study's main objective was to develop and validate a focused, standardized measure of retrospective malingering. This objective was addressed by revising the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), an established measure of current feigning. The SIRS' strategies were retained and its items modified to produce two new SIRS versions: The Retrospective Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (R-SIRS) and The Concurrent-Time Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (CT-SIRS). Forensic inpatients were used to test the R-SIRS (n = 25) and CT-SIRS (n = 26) which both showed good internal consistency and interrater reliability. The overall effectiveness of the R-SIRS and the CT-SIRS in the classification of malingerers and genuine patients was established in this initial validation study. Moreover, their classification rates were similar to those obtained by the SIRS. Pending additional validation, these measures are expected to increase the quality of forensic evaluations by providing the first standardized methods of assessing retrospective malingering.
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Kern, Hartmut. "SIRS und Sepsis nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/13775.

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Systemische Inflammation (SIRS) und Sepsis sind bekannte postoperative Komplikationen nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen. Bei 77,1 % der untersuchten 3653 kardiochirurgischen Patienten bestanden am ersten postoperativen Tag definierte Symptome eines SIRS. Nur 20 % dieser Patienten entwickelten ein prolongiertes SIRS über mindestens die ersten 72 Stunden postoperativ und 4,4 % eine Sepsis im weiteren primären intensivmedizinischen Verlauf. Aus der Patientengruppe mit prolongiertem SIRS entwickelten immerhin 21,8 % eine Sepsis. Die 564 Patienten mit prolongiertem SIRS waren durch eine signifikant (p< 0,001) verlängerte Beatmungs- und Behandlungsdauer auf der Intensivstation (ICU), eine erhöhte Krankenhausliegedauer sowie eine um den Faktor 10 signifikant erhöhte ICU- und Krankenhausmortalität im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne prolongiertes SIRS gekennzeichnet. Die 135 Patienten mit einer Sepsis während ihrer primären postoperativen intensivstationären Behandlung hatten eine deutlich erhöhte intensivstationäre Mortalität von 40,7 % gegenüber 1,6 % bei Patienten ohne Sepsis. Die Patienten mit prolongiertem SIRS (15,4 % der Gesamtpopulation) benötigten insgesamt 52,9 % der Bettentage und 57,7 % der Gesamtkosten der intensiv-medizinischen Behandlung. Die septischen Patienten (3,7 %) verursachten alleine 24,6 % der intensivstationären Behandlungstage sowie 28,7 % der Gesamtkosten. Die fünf Variablen weibliches Geschlecht, das Auftreten definierter intraoperativer Komplikationen, ein APACHE II- Score > 17 bei Aufnahme auf der Intensivstation, der postoperative Bedarf von mehr als einem Inotropikum sowie das Vorhandensein von definierten, therapiebedürftigen metabolischen Störungen innerhalb der ersten 24 Stunden postoperativ diskriminierten in Bezug auf das Vorhandensein oder Nicht-Vorhandensein der Zielvariablen prolongiertes SIRS (> 3 Tage ) mehr als 88 % der Patienten richtig. Jeweils über 96 % der Patienten konnten durch die aus diesen Variablen entwickelten Regressionsgleichungen richtig zugeordnet werden bezüglich des Auftretens oder Nicht-Auftretens einer Sepsis bzw. eines letalen Ausgangs. Das intern validierten Modell für die Zielvariable prolongiertes SIRS (> 3 Tage) erreichte eine hohe Spezifität von über 97 % bei einer Sensitivität von 39 %. Die vorliegenden Regressionsgleichungen ermöglichen es somit, am Patientengut dieser Institution prospektiv Patienten mit erhöhtem Risiko auf ein prolongiertes SIRS bzw. eine Sepsis mit hoher Spezifität zu selektionieren.
The development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis are well known complications after cardiac surgery. In the present study, 77.1 % of the 3653 cardiac surgical patients developed SIRS or SIRS-like symptoms on the first postoperative day. Only 20 % of these patients, however, showed a prolonged SIRS during the first 3 postoperative days. 4.4 % of all patients had septic complications during their stay on the intensive care unit (ICU). However, 21.8 % of the patients with prolonged SIRS developed sepsis. The identified 564 patients with prolonged SIRS showed a significantly (p < 0.001) increased duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU- and hospital treatment, respectively. Their ICU- and hospital mortality was tenfold higher than in patients without prolonged SIRS. The ICU-mortality of 135 septic patients was 40.7 % in contrast to 1.6 % in patients without sepsis. Patients with prolonged SIRS (15.4 % of the study population) accounted for 52.9 % of the bed days on ICU and for 57.7 % of the total costs. Septic patients (3.7 % of the study population) required 24.6 % of the bed days and 28.7 % of the total costs during their ICU-stay. The use of 5 variables including female gender, defined intraoperative complications, an APACHE II- Score of > 17 on ICU-admission, the use of more than one inotrope postoperatively, and the treatment of defined metabolical disorders identified 88 % of the patients with prolonged SIRS (> 3 days) correctly during the first 24 hours postoperativly. The resulting predictive models identified more than 96 % of the patients with sepsis or lethal outcome correctly. The internal validation of the predictive model for prolonged SIRS (> 3 days) demonstrated a specifity of 97 % and a sensitivity of 39 %. Therefore, the early identification of patients at risk for the development of prolonged SIRS or sepsis in our institution seems to be possible using multiple logistic regression of these predictive models.
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Henry, Courtney. "Population Based Model of Gonorrhea and Interventions Against Increased Antibiotic Resistance." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2784.

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Gonnorrhea is an infectious sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae that commonly reproduces in the reproductive tract.The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that more than 700,000 individuals in the U.S. contract new gonorrheal infections per year. During recent years, there has been a progressive global increase of drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea. Therefore, there exists the necessity for health organizations to encourage the monitoring, research and development of innovative treatment regimens. We have developed multiple mathematical models to explore the gonorrheal disease state. The first objective of model formulation was to fit the model to established disease and population data provided by the CDC and U.S. Census Bureau and then include the presence of antibiotic resistance in the model. Additionally, we discuss intervention methods to combat this resistance. The second objective of model formulation was to use parameter sensitivity to determine specific age groups to target in effort to alter disease dynamics.
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Hamacher, Lena. "Kardiales Troponin I bei Hunden mit systemischem Entzündungssyndrom (SIRS)." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-179998.

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Abstract: Background: Myocardial injury can be detected by cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations, which appears to be a predictor of short-term death in critically ill patients. It is unknown if the best prognostic indicator of short-term survival is cTnI measurement at admission or at later time points. Hypothesis/Objectives: Measuring cTnI with a high-sensitivity (hs) test at different time points after admission may be a better short-term prognostic indicator than a single cTnI measurement at admission in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Animals: Prospective, observational clinical study of 60 dogs with SIRS. Methods: Cardiac troponin I concentration was measured in 133 serum samples, collected at days 1, 2, 3 and 5. Additionally, the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) fast score was evaluated at admission. Prognostic capabilities of cTnI measurement and APPLE fast score for 28-day mortality were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Forty-one dogs with SIRS that survived 28 days had significantly lower serum cTnI concentrations at admission (median, 0.09 ng/mL; p = 0.004) and at the peak time point (median, 0.23 ng/mL; p = 0.01) compared to 19 non-survivors (median at admission, 0.63 ng/mL; median at peak, 1.22 ng/mL). Area under the curve (AUC) to predict survival, using cTnI was similar at admission (0.732) and at peak (0.708), and was 0.754 for the APPLE fast score. Conclusions: Increased cTnI concentration in dogs with SIRS is associated with poor outcome. Daily follow-up measurement of cTnI concentration provides no additional prognostic information for short-term mortality.
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Mathisen, Martine. "Sykepleieres ivaretakelse av pasienter med mistenkt sepsis i et akuttmottak." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2636.

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Slik det norske helsevesenet fungerer er oftest sykepleier tettest på pasienten over tid samt er den første til å møte pasienten ved ankomst i et akuttmottak. Det er sykepleier som triagerer pasienten ved ankomst og det er en sykepleier som gjør de primære undersøkelsene.   Kunnskap om SIRS og sepsis er viktig å inneha for og kunne plukke opp tegnene i en tidlig fase og dermed kunne kommunisere funnene til ansvarlig lege slik at behandling kan igangsettes raskt. I tillegg må sykepleiere ha kunnskap om prioriteringen av de viktigste primære behandlingstiltakene som bør igangsettes hos pasienter med mistanke om sepsis. Kommunikasjon er også viktig opp mot pasienten for jevnlig å kunne vurdere pasientens tilstand og en eventuelt forverring. Om strukturerte metoder for bedømming ikke er tilstede hos ansvarlig sykepleier kan dette få store konsekvenser for pasienten ved at sepsis kan utvikle seg til alvorlig sepsis eller septisk sjokk som har høy mortalitet.  Hensikten med studien var å undersøke sykepleieres ivaretakelse av pasienter med mistenkt sepsis i et akuttmottak. Metoden var kvantitativ og data ble samlet inn ved hjelp av en spørreundersøkelse på ett akuttmottak hvor 36 sykepleiere besvarte skjemaet. Den innsamlede dataen ble analysert ved hjelp av deskriptiv statistikk og presentert i prosentform i tabell, diagrammer og løpende tekst.   Resultatet viste at en stor andel av sykepleierne hadde god kunnskap om evidensbasert forskning og benyttet denne så vel som i undersøkelsen som i behandlingen av pasienten med mistenkt sepsis. Det kom samtidig frem at så mange som ca. 30 prosent ikke var sikre på hva SIRS kriteriene er og hva som er definisjonen på sepsis. Åtti prosent var sikre på primære behandlingstiltak, mens 20 prosent var usikre. Dette viser at det er behov for forbedring. Videre viser undersøkelsen at 75 prosent mener at triage er et godt verktøy for å oppdage mistanke om sepsis i en tidlig fase. I all hovedsak viste undersøkelsen at det var oppfattet å være god kommunikasjonen både mellom sykepleier og lege samt mellom sykepleier og pasient.   Konklusjonen var at det var en høy andel sykepleiere i avdelingen som har god kunnskap om evidensbasert forskning samt lokale og internasjonale retningslinjer for både ivaretakelse og behandling av pasienter med sepsis. Sykepleierne visste hvilke kriterier de skal se etter for å oppdage sepsis i en tidlig fase samt hvilke målinger og tiltak som burde gjøres for å unngå utviklingen av alvorlig sepsis og septisk sjokk. Det er allikevel fortsatt rom for forbedringspotensialet da det burde være tett opp mot 100 prosent som sitter inne med denne kunnskapen. Kommunikasjonen mellom sykepleier og lege ved behandling av pasienter med mistenkt sepsis viste seg å oppfattes som god, bortsett fra ved bruk av medisinsk team hvor det fremgikk at ikke alles roller var godt nok kjent. Når det gjelder kommunikasjonen mellom sykepleier og pasient ble denne oppfattet god fra sykepleiers side ved at de hadde tid til å formidle trygghet via verbal og/eller non-verbal kommunikasjon. Sykepleierne opplevde i stor grad at pasientene forsto informasjonen de ga om sepsis og aktuelle behandlingstiltak, men at legenes informasjon til pasienten ikke ble forstått like godt.
The way the Norwegian healthcare system works most often a nurse is the one that work closest with the patient over time and they are the first to see the patients as they arrive at the emergency department. It´s a nurse that do a triage of the patient at arrival and it´s a nurse that perform the first survey. Knowledge of SIRS and sepsis is important to be able to catch the signs at an early stage and then be able to communicate the findings to a doctor so that the treatment can get started as quick as possible. The nurse must also have knowledge about how to prioritize which cause of treatment that should be started if they suspect sepsis in a patient. The communication with the patient is also important to be able to continuously assess the patient’s condition and a possible deterioration. If structured methods for assessment are not in place this might have huge consequences for the patient because sepsis can develop in to severe sepsis or septic shock, which have a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ care for patients with suspected sepsis in an Emergency Department. The method used was quantitative and the data was collected by using a survey. The study was set in an emergency department where 36 nurses answered the survey. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive statistic and presented in a table, diagrams and text by using per cent. The result showed that a big share of the nurses had a wide knowledge in evidensebased research and used this in their survey and treatment of the patient with suspected sepsis. At the same time it showed that as many as about 30 per cent was not sure about what the SIRS criteria are nor what´s the correct definition of Sepsis. Eighty per cent was sure about what the primary treatment includes but 20 per cent was unsure. This show there is a need for improvement. Further on the survey shows that 75 per cent sees triage as a good way of detecting suspicion of sepsis at an early stage. All in all the survey showed that the communication was considered good both between nurse and doctor and nurse and patient. The conclusion was that a high share of the nurses at the emergency department had a wide knowledge about evidence based research as well as local and international guidelines for care and treatment of patients with suspected sepsis. The nurses had the accurate knowledge about which criteria’s to look for to be able to detect sepsis at an early stage as well as which measurements and measures that should be done to be able to avoid sepsis to develop in to severe sepsis or septic shock. Even so there is room for improvement as there should be close to a 100 per cent that hold this knowledge. The communication between nurse and doctor during the treatment of patient with suspected sepsis was understood as good except from when they where using what they call the medical team this because the roles in the team was not well known for everybody. The communication between nurse and patient was considered good from a nurse point of view because they felt like they had enough time to express safety to the patient by using verbal and/or non-verbal communication. The nurses mostly experienced that the patients understood the information they gave about sepsis and actual treatment but that the doctor’s information was not understood that well.
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Rodrigues, Luís Miguel Manita. "Coagulopathy in sepsis and the prognostic value of abnormal coagulation times." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21771.

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Sepsis is a hard to define condition associated with the deleterious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) which ultimately leads to the failure of multiple organs. The mediators released throughout this exaggerated inflammatory reaction activate coagulation pathways and generate a dysfunctional response that results in coagulopathy. The present dissertation includes a literature review regarding the subject of sepsis and associated coagulopathy, along with a study that primarily aims to investigate the use of abnormal coagulation times as biological markers of coagulation dysfunction and as predictors of outcome in veterinary patients who are at risk of developing sepsis. The results suggest that pairing coagulation time data with an organ failure scoring system may be advantageous in the prediction of outcome. Furthermore, critically ill patients should be given a five-day time frame following admission before euthanasia is considered, as most tend to survive their illnesses once they get past this period; RESUMO: COAGULOPATIA NA SÉPSIS E O VALOR DE PROGNÓSTICO DE TEMPOS DE COAGULAÇÃO ALTERADOS A sépsis é uma síndrome de difícil definição e que está associada à síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistémica (SIRS) que leva à falha de múltiplos órgãos. Os mediadores libertados durante esta reação inflamatória exagerada levam à ativação disfuncional da coagulação sanguínea, o que resulta em coagulopatia. A presente dissertação inclui uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema da sépsis e a coagulopatia associada, bem como um estudo cujo objetivo primário é o de investigar a utilização de tempos de coagulação alterados, tanto como marcadores biológicos de disfunção da coagulação sanguínea bem como fatores de prognóstico em pacientes veterinários em risco de sépsis. Os resultados do estudo realizado mostram vantagem em associar a avaliação dos tempos de coagulação com sistemas de pontuação de falha orgânica para a realização do prognóstico. Estes sugerem também que os pacientes críticos que ultrapassam os primeiros cinco dias após a sua admissão hospitalar tendem a sobreviver.
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Ferreira, André de Brito Cavaco. "Clínica e cirurgia de animais de companhia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22430.

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Este relatório foi elaborado no âmbito do estágio curricular efetuado no Hospital Veterinário Muralha de Évora, que decorreu entre 1 de Outubro de 2016 e 31 de Março de 2017 e encontra-se dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte aborda a casuística acompanhada durante o estágio. A segunda parte consiste numa revisão bibliográfica dirigida ao tema “Síndrome da Resposta Inflamatória Sistémica (systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS), sepsis e Síndrome da Disfunção Múltipla de Órgãos (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS) em animais de companhia” seguida da apresentação de um caso clínico ilustrativo do tema. O SIRS, a sepsis e o MODS constituem síndromes graves, sendo o reconhecimento precoce destas condições essencial para uma evolução clínica favorável. Nestas síndromes, a abordagem ao paciente baseia-se, sobretudo, numa monitorização rigorosa e na terapêutica de suporte, que tem como objetivo principal a estabilização dos parâmetros cardiovasculares e, se presente, o controlo da infeção; Abstract: Small Animal Practice This report was elaborated on the context of the traineeship at Hospital Veterinário Muralha de Évora from October 1st, 2016 to March 31st, 2017 and it is divided in two parts. The first part describes the casuistry followed during the traineeship. The second part consists of a literature review directed to the theme “SIRS, sepsis and MODS in companion animals”, followed by the presentation of a clinical case. SIRS, sepsis and MODS are serious syndromes and the early recognition of these conditions is essential for a favorable clinical course. The approach to these patients is mainly based on strict monitoring and supportive therapy, whose main goals are the stabilization of cardiovascular parameters and, if present, the control of infection.
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Coelho, Ana Maria de Mendonça. "Mecanismos de ação da solução salina hipertônica na pancreatite aguda experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-07052010-170926/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A pancreatite aguda (PA) grave é um processo inflamatório do pâncreas caracterizado por alterações hemodinâmicas e resposta inflamatória sistêmica com altos níveis de mortalidade. A ativação inapropriada intrapancreática das enzimas pancreáticas desempenha papel importante no desencadeamento dos mecanismos inflamatórios responsáveis pelas manifestações locais e sistêmicas da doença. Em trabalho anterior observamos redução significativa da mortalidade após administração de solução salina hipertônica em ratos, através de redução das alterações hemodinâmicas e da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, mas os efeitos da solução salina hipertônica na ativação das enzimas pancreáticas e na própria lesão pancreática não foram estudados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o mecanismo de ação da solução salina hipertônica, reduzindo a gravidade da pancreatite aguda em ratos, ocorre devido à redução da intensidade da lesão pancreática e/ou à redução da resposta inflamatória sistêmica e seus efeitos. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizado um modelo experimental de pancreatite aguda grave através da injeção intraductal de taurocolato de sódio a 2,5%. Cento e quarenta e dois ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em quatro grupos: Controle (animais que não foram submetidos à indução da PA), Grupo ST (animais que não receberam tratamento após a indução da PA), Grupo SSF (animais que receberam 34ml/Kg de solução salina fisiológica de NaCl 0,9% por via endovenosa, 1 hora após a indução da PA) e grupo SSH (animais que receberam 4ml/Kg de solução salina hipertônica de NaCl 7,5% por via endovenosa, 1 hora após a indução da PA). Após 2, 12 e 24 horas da indução da PA os animais foram sacrificados e os materiais foram coletados para análise. Foram efetuadas a quantificação do volume de líquido ascítico e as determinações no líquido ascítico e no soro dos peptídeos liberados na ativação do tripsinogênio (TAP) e da atividade da amilase. No tecido pancreático foram realizadas as análises da peroxidação lipídica (MDA), da atividade da mieloperoxidase (MPO) e a análise histológica. Os níveis de citocinas (TNF-, IL-6 e IL-10) foram analisados no líquido ascítico, soro e tecido pancreático. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de TAP e amilase no líquido ascítico e soro, de MDA e MPO no tecido pancreático e a análise histológica mostraram resultados iguais nos três grupos de animais que foram submetidos a PA (ST, SSF e SSH). Observamos redução do volume de líquido ascítico e dos níveis de TNF- , IL-6 e IL-10 no líquido ascítico, soro e tecido pancreático nos animais nos quais foi administrada solução salina hipertônica (grupo SSH) quando comparados com os animais tratados com solução salina fisiológica (grupo SSF) e os animais sem tratamento (grupo ST) (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A administração de solução salina hipertônica (NaCl 7,5%) na pancreatite aguda experimental foi capaz de reduzir a resposta inflamatória local e sistêmica, sem modificar contudo a intensidade das lesões pancreáticas.
INTRODUCTION: Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by hemodynamic alterations and systemic inflammatory response leading to a high mortality rate. In AP the inappropriate activation of pancreatic enzymes plays an important role in pancreas autodigestion and in the inflammatory mechanisms responsible for the systemic response of the disease. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that hypertonic saline solution infusion significantly reduced mortality in experimental AP through an improvement in the hemodynamic conditions and by an antiinflammatory response, but its effects on the pancreatic lesions were not evaluated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the hypertonic saline solution reduces mortality in AP through a local effect attenuating the pancreatic lesion and/or by reducing the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). METHODS: An experimental model of severe AP by injection of 0.5ml of 2.5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct was utilized. A hundred and forty two male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: C (control, without AP), ST (no treated AP), SSF (animals received 34ml/kg of normal saline solution of NaCl 0.9% IV, 1 hour after AP), and SSH (animals received 4ml/Kg of hypertonic saline solution of NaCl 7.5% IV, 1 hour after AP). After 2, 12 and 24 hours of induction of AP volume of ascitic fluid, trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) levels and amylase activity in ascitic fluid and serum were determined. Pancreatic lipid peroxidation (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and pancreatic histology were analysed 2 and 24 hours after AP. TNF-, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in ascitic fluid, serum, and pancreatic tissue were also analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in TAP levels and amylase activity in the ascitic fluid and serum in animals of groups ST, SSF and SSH. No differences in pancreatic MPO, MDA and histological score were observed among these three groups with AP. In the SSH group it was observed a significant decrease in volume of ascitic fluid and inflammatory cytokines levels (TNF-, IL-6, and IL-10) in ascitic fluid, serum, and pancreatic tissue when compared to ST and SSF groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that hypertonic saline solution decreases local and systemic inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis without changing the intensity of the pancreatic lesions.
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Norberg, Maria, and Lisa Ådin. "Vårdpersonalen i frontlinjen - identifiering och hantering av sepsis i ett tidigt skede inom akutsjukvården : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-178711.

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Bakgrund: Sepsis erfordrar att tidiga behandlingsåtgärder initieras, annars riskerar patienten utstå svåra komplikationer som i värsta fall kan leda till döden. Då sjukdomstillståndet uttrycks genom diffusa symtom kan denna tidiga initiering av behandlingsåtgärder vara svår, vilket ställer höga krav på vårdpersonalens kunskap. Syfte: Att kartlägga vårdpersonalens kunskaper gällande definition, identifiering och hantering av sepsis i ett tidigt skede inom akutsjukvården. Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvantitativa artiklar. Databassökningar genomfördes i CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus och Web of science. Artiklarna är kvalitetsgranskade och analyserade med Fribergs analysmodell och sammanställd i text samt i tabeller.  Resultat: Kunskapsbrister redovisas. Professionerna med högre utbildningsnivå redovisar högre kunskapsnivåer. Lägst kunskapsnivåer redovisas gällande minskad kroppstemperatur, vätskeinfusion, vasopressorer och mätning av laktat- och leukocyter. Konklusion: Genom kontinuerlig och uppdaterad utbildning, implementering av evidensbaserade riktlinjer och ett bra teamarbete kan minska mortaliteten. Senges teori om lärande organisationer visar på vikten av teamarbetet. Vidare forskning bör fokusera på hur kunskapsnivåerna kan förbättras då resultatet redovisar kunskapsbrist hos vårdpersonal.
Background: Sepsis requires that early treatment measures are initiated, otherwise the patient risks enduring severe complications which in the worst case can lead to death. As the disease state is expressed through diffuse symptoms, this early initiation of treatment measures can be difficult, which places high demands on the care staff’s knowledge. Aim: To map the care staff’s knowledge regarding definition, identification and management of sepsis at an early stage in emergency care. Method: Literature study based on nine quantitative articles. Database searches were performed in CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and Web of science. The articles are quality reviewed and analyzed with Friberg's analysis model and compiled in text and tables. Results: Knowledge gaps are reported. The professions with a higher level of education report higher levels of knowledge. The lowest levels of knowledge are reported regarding reduced body temperature, fluid infusion, vasopressors and measurement of lactate and leukocytes. Conclusion: Through continuous and updated training, implementation of evidence-based guidelines and good teamwork can reduce mortality. Seng's theory of learning organizations shows the importance of teamwork. Further research should focus on how the levels of knowledge can be improved as the results report a lack of knowledge among care staff.
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Rabelo, Isabela Peixoto. "Níveis de proteínas de fase aguda em equinos expostos à sobrecarga de carboidratos associada à alcalinização cecal /." Jaboticabal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191291.

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Orientador: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão
Resumo: Avanços acerca da fisiopatologia da laminite equina permitiram imputar como fator primário e deflagrador dos estágios iniciais dessa doença, a ativação da cascata inflamatória. Sabe-se que equinos submetidos à sobrecarga de carboidratos, podem desenvolver laminite e que essa afecção se dá por mudanças na microbiota do trato gastrintestinal. A laminite induz alterações sistêmicas que repercutem nos valores de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA). Com este estudo, buscou-se encontrar uma associação entre os valores dessas proteínas com a evolução dos sinais clínicos de equinos expostos à sobrecarga de carboidrato (amido de milho na dose de 17,6 g/kg de peso vivo, diluído em água na proporção de um quilo/litro, fornecido via sondagem nasogástrica) e tratados com solução tampão intracecal (composto contendo 3,5 g de hidróxido de alumínio, 65,6 g de hidróxido de magnésio e 1,2 g de simeticona, diluído em água destilada em volume equivalente à metade do volume administrado via sondagem nasogástrica). Dez equinos hígidos foram divididos de maneira aleatória e fatorial (2x2), em quatro grupos (n=5): controle (GCC), controle + tratamento (GCT), laminite (GAC), laminite + tratamento (GAT). Os animais do GCC e GAC integraram, respectivamente, GAT e GCT, respeitando um intervalo de 15 dias entre o procedimento experimental. Eles foram avaliados durante sete momentos (T0h, T4h, T8h, T12h, T24h, T48h, T72h), nos quais também foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso para obtenção do soro e realiz... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: It’s is known that the inflammatory response plays an important role in the development of the equine laminitis, mostly in its early stages. Among several risk factors, horses submitted to carbohydrate overload can develop this syndrome, due to changes in the cecal pH and microbiota, followed by an increase in the transmural absorption of several luminal contents, such as bacterial endotoxins. The acute phase response that occurs after injury elicits the overproduction of several proteins by the liver, called acute phase proteins (APP). However, there are few studies using proteinogram to characterize the inflammatory response during the development of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to correlate APP values with clinical signs of horses submitted to carbohydrate overload (17.6 g.kg-1 BW of corn starch solution, administered via nasogastric tube) and treated with a buffer solution (3.5 g of aluminum hydroxide, 65.6 g of magnesium hydroxide and 1.2 g of simethicone, administered into the cecum through catheterization). Ten healthy horses were divided in a factorial and randomized way into four groups (n = 5): control (GCC), control + treatment (GCT), laminitis (GAC), laminitis + treatment (GAT). The animals from GCC and GAC integrated GAT and GCT, respectively, respecting an interval of 15 days between the experimental procedure. They were evaluated during seven moments (T0h, T4h, T8h, T12h, T24h, T48h, T72h), in which blood were also collected to obtain serum to perfo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Sirs"

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INFOhio, ed. SIRS discoverer. [Columbus, Ohio]: INFOhio, 2002.

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Dear Sirs: English and American business correspondence. Zürich: Sabe, Verl.-Inst. für Lehrmittel, 1992.

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De sirs d'ailleurs: Essai d'anthropologie des voyages. Paris: presses de l'Universite de Laval, 2008.

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Richard, Rogers. SIRS, structured interview of reported symptoms: Professional manual. Odessa, Fla. (P.O. Box 998, Odessa 33556): Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., 1992.

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Richard, Rogers. SIRS-2: Structured interview of reported symptoms : professional manual. 2nd ed. Lutz, FL (16204 N. Florida Ave., Lutz 33549): Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., 2010.

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Cooney, Nancy A. Development of an automated Security Incident Reporting System (SIRS) for bus transit. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, 1986.

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Meredith, M. J. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: Blue Ear Disease / Mystery Pig Disease / SIRS / P.E.A.R.S. 6th ed. Cambridge: Pig Disease Information Centre, University of Cambridge, 1992.

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Vergaro, Carla. Dear sirs-- con la presente ci pregiamo di--: Il genere business letter in italiano e in inglese. Roma: Aracne, 2005.

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France) Séminaire "Mise en place de systèmes d'information à références spatiales" (2003 Montpellier. Mise en place de systèmes d'information à références spatiales, SIRS, Montpellier, 13-14 novembre 2003: Actes du Ve séminaire. Antony: Cemagaref, 2004.

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International Symposium on Intelligent Robotic Systems (6th 1998 University of Edinburgh). SIRS'98: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Intelligent Robotic Systems, 21-23 July 1998, the University of Edinburgh. [Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Department of Artificial Intelligence, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sirs"

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Pillai, S. Devadas. "Sirs." In Sociology Through Literature, 97–103. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429288050-8.

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Füssle, Roswitha, and Andreas Sziegoleit. "Sepsis/SIRS." In Praxis der Infektiologie, 211–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56599-1_14.

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Bouchama, A. "SIRS in Heatstroke." In Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, 802–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13450-4_66.

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Lauterbach, Michael. "Sepsis und SIRS." In Internistische Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, 295–308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16970-0_32.

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von Mach, Marc-Alexander. "Sepsis und SIRS." In Internistische Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, 261–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49662-5_42.

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Bonifazi, Francesca. "Management ATG (SIRS)." In The EBMT Handbook, 183–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02278-5_26.

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Vincent, Jean-Louis. "Definitions: Sepsis Versus SIRS." In Evolving Concepts in Sepsis and Septic Shock, 17–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1581-4_2.

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Fresenius, Michael. "SIRS, Sepsis und Multiorganversagen." In Repetitorium Intensivmedizin, 453–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44933-8_24.

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Heck, Michael, and Michael Fresenius. "SIRS, Sepsis und Multiorganversagen." In Repetitorium Anaesthesiologie, 707–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09750-2_50.

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Heck, Michael, and Michael Fresenius. "SIRS, Sepsis und Multiorganversagen." In Repetitorium Anaesthesiologie, 707–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09751-9_50.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sirs"

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Gopinath, R., A. Hargrove, and J. Serna-Gonzalez. "SIRS, Sepsis, and Savings." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6210.

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Wu, Jiaying, Xuewu Zhang, Xiaobo Zhu, and Xiaolong Xu. "A Variant SIRS Virus Spreading Model." In 2017 International Conference on Computer Systems, Electronics and Control (ICCSEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsec.2017.8446753.

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Meng, Xiaoying, Xinzhi Liu, Feiqi Deng, Ilias Kotsireas, Roderick Melnik, and Brian West. "Stability of stochastic switched SIRS models." In ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS: ADDRESSING MODERN CHALLENGES OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3663482.

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Zhang, Dengyin, and Ye Wang. "SIRS: Internet Worm Propagation Model and Application." In 2010 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece.2010.737.

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Belok, S. H., N. A. Bosch, and A. J. Walkey. "Leukopenia: Sirs or Sepsis-Defining Organ Dysfunction?" In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a7163.

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Cui, Jing-an, Guo Song, and Yiping Liu. "The impact of media to SIRS model." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639796.

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Zhang, Xiaodong, Xiaojun Xia, and Shuai Wang. "SIRS prediction method based on PPG signal." In Eleventh International Conference on Signal Processing Systems, edited by Kezhi Mao. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2559762.

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Mohamed, Isbudeen Noor, Ahmad Tasnim Siddiqui, Syed Ajaz, and S. Mohamed Idhris. "Student Information Report System with SMS (SIRS)." In 2016 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci.2016.7479922.

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Zhang, Huawei, and Xinhui Shen. "Dynamic behaviors of SIR and SIRS model." In ISAIMS 2021: 2nd International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine Sciences. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3500931.3501023.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R., and Luther H. Boudra. "Development of Sinkhole Hazard for Pipeline Risk Assessment in Northern Florida." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33117.

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Sinkholes are common features in parts of Florida, and the Florida Geological Survey maintains an online database of sinkhole incident reports (SIRs) that was started in 1965. The incident reports are accepted “as-is” without verification; sinkhole location, length, width, and depth are included in SIRs. A desktop assessment of sinkhole activity in northern Florida was developed on the basis of SIRs that were available in GIS (shape file) format from the Florida Geological Survey website and an understanding that sinkhole activity needed to be normalized to length for use in pipeline risk assessments. The rate of sinkhole development in northern Florida was quantified by extracting sinkhole locations within 10 miles of a 230-mile-long hypothetical alignment of a pipeline and lateral. Over 500 sinkholes were located within the approximately 4,700-square mile polygon. Sinkhole trends aligned to highways indicate more complete reporting; therefore, 33 road segments comprising a combined length of about 944 miles within the polygon were used for statistical analysis. The SIR database was accepted as an accurate portrayal of sinkholes during its 47-year existence. Sinkhole activity was portrayed as annual frequency for sinkhole width or length ranging from 1 to 500 feet and normalized to 1 square mile and 1 lineal mile. A sinkhole 2 feet or larger in width occurs on average 8 times per year somewhere within 10 miles of the hypothetical alignment; whereas, a similar sinkhole occurs on average 4 times per year along a length of 944 miles. A 2-foot or larger sinkhole occurs on average about every 600 years within any 1 square mile of the 4,700-square-mile area and about every 200 years along any 1 mile of alignment length. On a per-lineal-mile basis, the expected 1,000-year sinkhole would be at least 9 feet wide; whereas the 1,000-year sinkhole would be at least 22 feet wide. Performance of specific pipelines under loading conditions associated with sinkholes of various widths can be assessed and used in a pipeline risk assessment.
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Reports on the topic "Sirs"

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Filcek, Magdalena. A New insight into SIRS, SEPSIS, COVID-19 and CBRN - Prevention and therapy. Peeref, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2304p7212147.

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Reda, Ibrahim, Tom Stoffel, and Aron Habte. Uncertainty Estimates for SIRS, SKYRAD, & GNDRAD Data and Reprocessing the Pyrgeometer Data (Presentation). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1123999.

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Andreas, Afshin, Mike Dooraghi, Aron Habte, Mark Kutchenreiter, Ibrahim Reda, and Manajit Sengupta. Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS), Sky Radiation (SKYRAD), Ground Radiation (GNDRAD), and Broadband Radiometer Station (BRS) Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1432706.

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Wang, Can, Xulian Hu, Rufu Xu, Yu Zhao, Rong Zhang, and YueRong Zeng. A comparison of qSOFA, NEWS and SIRS in predicting the accuracy of mortality in suspected sepsis patients: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.4.0029.

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Vaughter, Philip, Ying-Syuan (Elaine) Huang, and Jonghwi Park. Climate Change Displacement and the Right to Education in Small Island Developing States. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53326/lnzk2579.

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This policy brief addresses issues of education rights in the context of climate change and potential climate change displacement for SIDS residents. Challenges to adapting learning systems in the context of climate change are common to many SIDS and other countries, but SIDS also face unique challenges due to their geography, culture, and economic activities. It provides the following recommendations to build the resilience of education systems in SIDS to meet the needs of people displaced by climate change: (i) build and maintain multiple facilities that can serve as evacuation centres so schools can continue as learning facilities in the aftermath of extreme weather events; (ii) continue to develop teaching materials and pedagogies within SIDS’ education systems to be employed during times of disruption, while ensuring learners’ socialisation needs are met in the case of online or distance learning; (iii) create parallel curricular competencies between SIDS and destination countries, and advocate for access to education and training in any bilateral or multilateral arrangements for mobility and migration.
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for Development Programme, Knowledge. Using Indices to Capture Vulnerability for Development Finance in SIDS. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.066.

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This rapid review examines evidence on indices to capture vulnerability for development finance in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). A key issue when it comes to aid allocation to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) is whether current measures of development – such as income per capita - are truly able to reflect the unique set of challenges that these countries face. Inability to accurately measure development in SIDS can lead to substantial risk. On the one hand, aid allocation that solely relies on income levels may result in an unsustainable reduction in external support to SIDS, leaving them to face high levels of economic, environmental, and social vulnerability. On the other hand, an inadequate measure of vulnerability can lead to no clear pathway to the reduction in aid, making it very improbable for SIDS to become self-reliant, no matter how far they develop or climb the income ladder. This aim of this paper is twofold. The first is to look at whether vulnerability indices can help determine the levels of external support SIDS need. The second is to consider how this can help in determining when support can be reduced or terminated. This is achieved by considering the different indices that international organisations and multilateral development banks use to capture the vulnerability of SIDS, how they use these indices to determine thresholds for aid allocation, and the advantages and disadvantages of applying each.
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Schijman, Agustina, Yuri Soares, Ronald Myers, and Chloe Fevre. IDB-9: Review of the IDB Institutions for Growth and Social Welfare Strategy. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010527.

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This paper reviews the 2011 Sector Strategy on Institutions for Growth and Social Welfare (SIGS) of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank). The Strategy was produced as a requirement of the IDB-9 agreement. The review finds that the Strategy replicates a number of patterns observed in prior sector strategies. SIGS represents the first time that the Bank uses a modern definition of institutions; however, the concept of institutions is not incorporated as a guiding principle for setting priorities. Like other strategies, SIGS largely reflects the current work of the Bank, and also reflects the most common ideas and thinking of the time. This said, SIGS also emphasizes areas of work that had not been central to the Bank before, such as work with transparency and work in formalizing firms. The Strategy document itself has strengths but also a number of deficiencies. SIGS is more specific than prior strategies, although it still proposes quite a broad spectrum of activities. It contains a good diagnostic of the needs facing small and medium-sized enterprises and of innovation, although diagnostics in most other areas are relatively weak. Although SIGS maintains the IDB-9's focus on the Bank's comparative advantage, it does not analytically assess that comparative advantage, and it presents no evidence that the sectors prioritized reflect any particular operational or structural advantage of the Bank--except that they mostly represent sectors in which the Bank already works. SIGS's results framework is very poor, largely reflecting the inadequacies of the IDB-9 results framework, as applied to institutions. SIGS was not designed as an operational strategy, so it does not assess the Bank's operational capabilities to respond to the Region's needs in priority areas. SIGS has had little impact on the way the Bank works. Bank staff is generally unaware of the Strategy, and those who are aware of it do not report using it as a main input in country dialogue or project preparation. The Institutions for Development Department (IFD) is an exception: its staff do report using SIGS. However, the review of IFD's portfolio does not show clear evidence that project selection has changed in favor of SIGS priorities. IFD has produced a significant body of analytical work, which in some cases addresses institutional issues. Nonetheless, IFD's approach to implementing 'intersector alliances' has not included directly working across Bank departments to strengthen institutions broadly in the Bank's work. However, SIGS has served a useful purpose as a mechanism to reemphasize the importance of the issue of institutions for the IDB, and, to some degree, to consolidate and demarcate the areas of work within IFD.
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Semiga, Vlad. PR-214-174517-WEB Sleeve End Fillet Weld Stress Intensity Factor Solutions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011612.

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Presented Thursday, September 5, 2019 PRESENTER: Vlad Semiga HOST: Rober Lazor, TC Energy MODERATOR: Thomas Marlow, PRCI Expected Benefits/Learning Outcomes: - Attendees will be given an overview of the sleeve end fillet weld stress intensity factors (SIFs) software, which provides a simplified means of estimating the SIFs for a single scenario or for an unlimited number of scenarios defined using a standard batch file format; - the presentation will also include the results of a sensitivity study illustrating the general trends in terms of the SIFs versus the range of inputs used to define an assessment scenario; - and the use of the SIFs in a standard integrity assessment (engineering critical assessment of fitness-for-service assessment) will also be demonstrated. Target Audience: - Pipeline design engineers - Welding specialists and engineers - Integrity management personnel Recommended pre-reading: Project final report: PR-214-174517-Z01 Development of Sleeve End Fillet Weld Stress Intensity Factor Calculator
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Agusti Strid, Alma, and James Ronicle. Social Impact Bonds in Latin America: IDB Lab's Pioneering Work in the Region: Lessons Learnt. Edited by Christine Ternent. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003004.

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In recent years, Latin America has seen the introduction of innovative pay-for-success mechanisms to fund social programs, including Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), outcome-based contracts that incorporate the use of private financing from investors to cover the upfront capital required for a provider to set up and deliver a social service. In this context, IDB Lab established a SIB Facility in 2014 to promote the focus on outcomes in social programs and increase outcomes-based commissioning. The SIB Facility has resulted in IDB Lab providing support to developing SIBs in Colombia (first SIB launched in a middle-income country), Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Since then, several employment SIBs have launched in Colombia and Argentina and prefeasibility studies for SIBs on other topics are currently underway in Chile. This Technical Note aims to capture the lessons learnt from developing SIBs in Latin America, focusing on the five countries where the SIB Facility played a pioneering role. The study takes a retrospective view in examining what has been done and a prospective view in considering how challenges can be overcome and how lessons learnt might be considered within the IDB Lab, both at SIB level and at ecosystem level looking at the SIB ecosystems that have started to emerge. In the study, we find that the SIBs that have launched in the study countries were well designed and that there had also been thorough consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Mas’ud, Abdulsalam, Sani Damamisau Mohammed, and Yusuf Abdu Gimba. Digitalisation and Subnational Tax Administration in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.031.

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Recently, there has been an expansion in the deployment of digital systems and digital IDs among taxing authorities. However, little is known about the extent to which such technologies are being adopted, or about whether the data from them is being used strategically to improve tax administration. Even less is known about this in the context of subnational tax administration, although this could be very relevant in some contexts, such as Nigeria. This study investigates the extent of the adoption and strategic usage of data from e-tax systems and digital IDs among state internal revenue services (SIRSs) in Nigeria. Data was collected through qualitative interviews conducted within the SIRSs – one from each of the country’s six geopolitical zones, and within the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). The qualitative data from the interviews was evaluated using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that there is scope for improvement in the adoption and usage of data from e-tax systems and digital IDs among the SIRSs. It was also found that the extent of adoption and strategic data usage from e-tax systems by SIRSs likely improves states’ per capita internally generated revenue (IGR), but similar insights on the impact of digital IDs have not been obtained. Lastly, it was found that there are some lessons SIRSs could learn from FIRS in terms of strategic use of data from e-tax systems and digital IDs. Specifically, SIRSs need to integrate an audit risk engine and machine learning for performing analytics into their e-tax systems, and also automate the estimation of annual credits for withholding tax suffered, tax refunds and penalties, as well as tax audit management including case selection, allocation of auditors and generating audit reports. Some policy recommendations are offered that are consistent with these findings.
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