Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sismique verticale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 29 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sismique verticale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Vigner, Alan. "Images sismiques par réflexions verticale et grand-angle de la croûte en contexte extensif : les Cyclades et le Fossé Nord-Egéen." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GLOB0009.
Full textDudchenko, Aleksandr. "Analyse numérique de l’interaction des ondes de Rayleigh en surface avec des barrières sismiques et des champs de pieux prenant en compte le comportement élastoplastique du sol." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI102/document.
Full textThe present work is focused on numerical simulation (FEM) and analysis of surface Rayleigh wave interaction with vertical seismic barriers (underground walls, screens, trenches, etc.) as well as pile fields within the framework of linear elastic and plastic mechanical material models. The aim of the research is to estimate the degree of protection that vertical barriers and pile fields provide against vibrations transferred by surface Rayleigh waves and generated by various sources. The main idea behind this type of protection is to prevent seismic waves form transmitting wave energy into the protected zone, decreasing the amplitude of displacements, velocities and accelerations at the points behind the barrier (pile field). The attention is paid to Rayleigh waves as they can be generated by both external (located on the Earth's surface) and internal (located beneath the Earth's surface) vibration sources and this type of waves can transfer a significant portion of vibration source energy.First, numerical simulations of Rayleigh wave interaction with vertical seismic barriers and pile fields are performed assuming the soil and barrier materials to behave according to the linearly-elastic constitutive law. This regards the vibrations that induce shear strains in the soil not exceeding 0.00001 during their propagation. Based on this, the principal dimensionless complexes are formulated. Geometrical along with mechanical parameters of the barrier (pile field), that determine vibration reduction effect, are identified. The obtained results reveal the validity of this way of vibration protection. In addition to that, the approach towards vertical seismic barrier optimization (which can also be extended to the pile field) is adopted in finite difference form to use for particular soil conditions and design vibration frequency.Several models of soil behaviour are analysed and their validity as well the applicability to approximate real dynamic soil behaviour along with the mechanism of vibration energy dissipation are identified. Based on this analysis, Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model is selected as it has a broad experimental database for various soils and appropriately reflects shear modulus reduction with an increase in the shear strain as well as energy dissipation effects. Afterwards, this model is used in the analysis of Rayleigh wave interaction with the vertical barriers and pile fields accounting for non-linear character of soil deformation at different shear strain level. As a results, the influence of shear strain level on the effectiveness of the considered ways of vibration protections is shown and the appropriate conditions to use these methods are identified within the scope of this research
Monfret, Tony. "Utilisation de la composante verticale du mode fondamental des ondes de Rayleigh du manteau étude de la source sismique et modélisation tri-dimensionnelle de la Terre /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376166449.
Full textMonfret, Tony. "Utilisation de la composante verticale du mode fondamental des ondes de rayleigh du manteau : etude de la source sismique et modelisation tri-dimensionnelle de la terre." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077123.
Full textMoulouel, Hakim. "Caractérisation cartographique d'une différenciation verticale et horizontale de la déformation : application à la couverture sédimentaire de la plate-forme ardennaise." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10044.
Full textThe Western Ardennes Paleozoic massif forms the primordial exposure of the Variscan deformation front in Northern France. It includes folded and thrusted units composed of non metamorphic to epi-metamorphic rocks of mostly Devonian-Carboniferous age. Along a Western Ardennes transect imaged by the M146 seismic profile, the thrust front is characterized by a major crustal scale south-dipping thrust zone whose emergence corresponds to the c1assical "Midi" thrust zone. The latter induces the thrusting of the Ardennes-Avesnois fold-and-thrust belt onto the dismembered molassic Namurian-Westphalian coal-bearing foreland basin and its Brabant-type substratum. The main Ardennes basal thrust accommodates a significant part of the motion occuring during a late out-ofsequence event. South of this main thrust, Avesnois area display second order thrust-related folds with a general ENE-WSW trend and a NNW vergence. These structures involve a strongly heterogeneous Iithological sequence. The induced rheological contrasts strongly control the deformation style. New cartographic and structural studies, mainly carried out in the Famennian sequences, allowed us to precise the geometry and kinematics of the fold-thrust structures. As a whole, these data indicate (1) that the thick Incompetent Famennian layers acted as a distributed complex décollement-zone decoupling shortening between the Mid-Devonian and Dinantian layers, (2) that the geometrical folding model demonstrated above early synsedimentary discontinuities corresponds to disharmonic fold types. the folding in the post-Lower Famennian levels occurred by flank rotation around fixed hinge zones. For the lower-Famennian incompetent levels, shortening is accommodated by the presence of several fold hinges in folds hinge zone and by buckling. (3) that the foreland-directed thrust related folds were lately deformed by backwards thrusting, highlighting the overall difficulty of the forward propagation of the thrust front onto the Brabant foreland
Senechal, Guy. "Les réflecteurs du chevauchement pennique ( profil Ecors Alp1) : une analyse critique des données vibrosismiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525577.
Full textGrabkowiak, Alexia. "Analyse du géoïde de séparation des sources pour la compréhension de l'organisation verticale des anomalies de masse dans le manteau." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC101/document.
Full textProgress made in seismic tomography and geodesy open the way to estimations of relations between the structures within the Earth and its shape. Applying statistical analysis to tomographic data of the mediterranean area, we extract 3 components that capture almost 70 % of the variance of the tomographic data : first one isolates the mantle reaction to lithospheric masses from the bottom of the transition zone, the second one is legated to subvertical lithsopheric slabs in the upper mantle, the third one corresponds to the tops of upper- and lower- mantle expression. Effect of these dynamics on the geoid has been modelized using considering that : (i) all the structures of the tomographic model are geoid anomaly sources, mantle component of the geoid is computed applying the gravito-visco-elasticity theory to take into account deflection of viscosity interfaces. This approach provides a smooth and low amplitude geoid mantle component. (ii) the tomographic model can register sources but also the all readjustment. Mantle component of the geoid is computed integrating anomalies of the model. It provides a detailled but too large with respect with the regional geoid mantle component. (iii) each component has capacity to isolate a phenomenon legated to a specific source of geoid anomalies. We applied gravito-visco-elastic theory specifically to it. That provides a mantle component detailled and that has a magnitude low enough with respect to the geoid.The presence of lithospheric caps on the bottom of the transition zone can be detected by the mantellic component of the geoid, but the geoid is not sensitive to subvertical slabs within the upper mantle
Grundt, Yann. "Modelisation en 3 d. D'une structure geologique et calcul du temps de propagation des ondes sismiques. Application au profil sismique vertical." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066511.
Full textPetit, Marie-Josèphe. "Évaluation des mesures d'atténuation sismique : à partir des enregistrements du profil sismique vertical /." Paris : Technip, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349105889.
Full textKazemi, Kazem. "Seismic imaging of thrust fault structures in Zagros iranian oil fields, from surface and well data." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CERG0401.
Full textThe objective of the present PhD thesis is to improve the structural understanding of the Aghajari field using 3D seismic imaging, and well seismic. The lack of seismic response of the dipping horizons in the reservoir oil zone constitutes a major identified difficulty. Given the dip values of the reflectors in the pay zone, the P-P reflections are expected to appear mainly on the horizontal components of the VSP data, justifying the processing of the 3 components. An innovative method of 3C VSP orientation was developed. Several new approaches of seismic imaging have been applied in order to investigate and improve the reservoir illumination. The depth migrated image is improved in the overburden, but not at reservoir level,due to low signal to noise, thus poor dip and velocity determination in the reservoir interval. A new Kirchhoff PSTM prototype technique, allowing selection of azimuth sector, offset range and geological dip,with automatic optimization of the local dip is presented
Bergeot, Nicolas. "Etude du cycle sismique du Vanuatu par GPS." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GLOB0004.
Full textSubduction processes are often controlled by irregularities on the subducting plate. These structures may be responsible of the locking of the subduction process and control the arc deformation. The characterization of the intra-arc strain accumulation is thus essential to understand the seismic cycle in a seismogenic zone where very strong earthquakes occur. The Vanuatu subduction zone presents one of the most important variation in horizontal convergence motion along a trench: 12-17cm/yr relative to the Australian plate to 1. 5cm/yr in front of the d'Entrecasteaux ridge. The collision of the d'Entrecasteaux ridge yields arc island vertical movements estimated at several mm/year as well as strong recurring earthquakes (e. G. Ambrym, 1999, Mw = 7. 5; Santo, 2000, Mw = 6. 9). A dense GPS network set up in the area since 1990 by the IRD team already made possible to evidence a segmentation of the arc and block rotations. In the present study, we analyse all the available data since 1992 and those acquired during two new GPS campaigns we carried out in 2004 and 2005. We use a state-of-the-art analysis strategy to estimate a consistent horizontal and vertical velocity field. The 13-year GPS time series we obtained allows us to isolate the coseismic signal related to two major earthquakes. We discuss the fault parameters we estimate from the coseismic displacements and on the accumulation zone during the interseismic stage
Chandra, Johanes. "Analyses expérimentales de la réponse sismique non-linéaire du système sol-structure." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU023/document.
Full textThe concentration of population in urban areas in seismic-prone regions can generate more and more damages and losses. Seismic response in urban areas depends on site effects (direct amplification and nonlinearity of the soil) and the coupling between the soil and structures (soil-structure and site-city interaction). Therefore, the understanding of urban seismology, that is the ground motion incorporating the urban environment, is critical to reduce the damage. This requires the prediction of ground motion in urban areas, a fundamental element in the evaluation of the seismic hazard. Taking into account the amplification caused by the presence of sediment has been widely studied. However, the non-linearity of the soil and the coupling between the ground and the structure is seldom integrated to the prediction of the ground motion. Because of their complexity, these problems have been addressed separately. In this context, this dissertation analyzes the non-linear response of the soil-structure by integrating the non-linearity of the soil and the soil-structure interaction. Two experimental studies were performed, with the aim of providing a proxy that reflects the non-linearity of the soil. The first is the centrifuge test that reproduces the response of soil and structures at reduced scale. The state of stress and strain is conserved by applying an artificial acceleration model. This test was performed at IFSTTAR Nantes in the framework of the ANR ARVISE. Different configurations were tested with and without buildings, under different stress levels, to analyze the response of the soil and structures. The second uses the vertical accelerometric networks of two sites in California: Garner Valley Downhole (GVDA) and the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA), both managed by the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), USA. In-situ response is important since it describes the actual behavior of the site. Information describing the conditions of sites is widely available and the earthquakes recorded were used to test several levels of shaking to reconstruct the overall response of each site. In addition, the GVDA site is equipped with a Soil-Foundation-Structure-Interaction structure (SFSI) which aims to study the problems of soil-structure interaction. In both experiments, thanks to the vertical accelerometer network in the ground and the structure we are able to apply the 1D wave propagation method to extract the response of these systems. The waves are considered as an SH wave which propagates in a 1D horizontal layer. Seismic interferometry by deconvolution method is applied to extract the Impulse Response Function (IRF) of the 1D system. Thus the analysis of the variation in function of elastic properties of the soil and the structure is done under several magnitude of shaking, including variation in depth and the elements of the total response of the structure including the soil-structure interaction. At the end, a deformation proxy to evaluate and also to predict the nonlinear response of the soil, the structure and the soil-structure interaction is proposed
Petit, Jean-Louis. "Inversion élastique 3D de profils sismiques verticaux en milieux stratifiés horizontalement." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20107.
Full textMenier, David. "Morphologie et remplissage des vallées fossiles sud-armoricaines : apport de la stratigraphie sismique /." Rennes : Géosciences-Rennes, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39955706d.
Full textSchilke, Sven. "Importance du couplage des capteurs distribués à fibre optique dans le cadre des VSP." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM042/document.
Full textDistributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a new technology of seismic acquisition that relies on traditional fibre-optic cables to provide inline strain measurement. This acquisition system is largely used in vertical seismic profiling (VSP) surveys. Coupling is a key factor influencing data quality. While geophones and accelerometers are clamped to the borehole wall during VSP surveys, the fibre cable is either clamped and then cemented behind the casing, or attached with rigid clamps to the tubing, or loosely lowered into the borehole. The latter deployment strategy, also called wireline deployment, usually acquires the lowest level of signal but is regarded as the most cost-effective in particular for existing well installations. This PhD thesis addresses the problematic of coupling of DAS using wireline deployment. We develop numerical models that are used to analyse real data. The interpretation of these results allows us concluding that an immediate contact of the cable with the borehole wall with a computed contact force is required to provide good coupling conditions. Based on those findings, we propose solutions to further optimise DAS acquisitions. We numerically modify the contact force and the elastic properties of the DAS cable and show how these modifications can improve but also deteriorate data quality. Finally, we propose a coupling detection algorithm that is applied to real datasets and allows ensuring the acquisition of data with a high signal-to-noise ratio
Nicollin, Florence. "Traitement de profils sismiques "ECORS" par projection sur le premier vecteur propre de la matrice spectrale." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0101.
Full textDeplante, Christian. "Modèles stratifiés uni et bi-dimensionnels à partir d'inversion itérative de profils sismiques verticaux à offset." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376044620.
Full textDeplante, Christian. "Modeles stratifies uni et bi-dimensionnels a partir d'inversion iterative de profils sismiques verticaux a offset." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066337.
Full textLefeuvre, Frédéric. "Détection et mesure de la biréfringence des ondes S à partir des profils sismiques de puits verticaux." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0012.
Full textDujoncquoy, Emmanuel. "Architecture stratigraphique et caractérisation, réservoir des systèmes carbonates progradants, crétacé inférieur du Sultanat d'Oman : étude intégrée en subsurface et à l'affleurement du système progradant Lekhwair/Habshan/Salil." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30074.
Full textThe Lekhwair/Habshan/Salil (or LHS) system is a carbonate succession that prograded across the eastern part of the Arabian plate from Berriasian to early Bareremian. The three ormations that compose this system respectively correspond to the inner platform (Lekhwair Fm. ) platform margin (Habshan Fm. ) and slope to basin facies associations (Salil Fm. ). In Interior Oman, this system shows a conspicuous prograding character with well-expressed clinoforms (Berriasian to Valanginian). The formations imaged on seismic crop out toward the North in the Oman Mountains (upper Valanginian to lower Barremian). This aim of this study is to precise the stratigraphic and geometric organisation of the LHS system at the scale of the sedimentary basin and the depositional sequences, but also to improve the understanding and the prediction of the carbonate reservoir into these prograding systems. The study went through a combination of an interpretation of prograding geometries by seismic stratigraphy and a sedimentologic and stratigraphic outcrop analysis in the Jebel Akhdar (Oman Mountains). This analysis of this system from the Berriasian to the early Barremian allows the interpretation of the relative sea level variations of the Cretaceous and the tectonic episodes that affected the arab plate in this time
Sandikkaya, Mustafa Abdullah. "Prochaine generation paneuropéennes équations de prédiction de mouvements de terrains pour les paramêtres de ingénierie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU008/document.
Full textThis study firstly presents the recent pan-European strong-motion databank that is updated and extended version of previous pan-European databases. The pertaining metadata is carefully compiled and reappraised. The database meets high standards for being resource of pan-European earthquake engineering community. Then, an empirical nonlinear site amplification model, function of time-based average of uppermost 30m shear wave velocity profile and peak ground acceleration on rock, is developed. The primary aim of deriving such a model is to use it in ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Besides, the evaluation of site factors in the seismic design codes shows that it is also applicable in computing site factors. To this end, an alternative methodology that considers the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and deterministic site models is proposed. Finally, this study generates GMPEs for horizontal and vertical elastic response spectral ordinates for different damping values between 1% to 50%. Rather than direct equations for vertical motion, to obtain consistent horizontal and vertical hazard spectrum, compatible vertical-to-horizontal ratio GMPE is preferred. Additional damping scaling models to modify horizontal and vertical spectra at other damping ratios are proposed
De, Min Lyvane. "Sismo-stratigraphie multi-échelles d'un bassin d'avant-arc : Le bassin de Marie-Galante, Petites Antilles." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0799/document.
Full textThe Lesser Antilles result of the slow westward subduction of the North and South American plate under the Caribbean plate (2 cm / year). At the latitude of the Guadeloupe archipelago and ~ 150 km to the west of the deformation front, the fore-arc basin of Marie-Galante forms a perched basin tilted to the pit and limited to the East by a shoal, the Spur Karukéra. At this latitude, Marie-Galante basin dominates the accretionary prism of Barbados and faces wrinkle Tiburon sweeping the area from North to South from the late Miocene. The sedimentary fill Basin Marie-Galante shows active deformation since at least ~ 30 million years. The aim of the work is to reconstruct the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin to provide new constraints on the overall understanding of the frontal subduction zone Lesser Antilles. This work relies on multibeam bathymetry data and high-resolution seismic reflection multi-traces acquired during campaigns KaShallow program. This database, supplemented by lower resolution of previous campaigns seismic profiles, provides a pseudo-3D coverage and four scales of resolution of the entire basin. ROV sampling and targeted core provided 40 samples in the main seismic units. Petrological analysis and biostratigraphic dating allow paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the upper Paleogene up Actuel. Seismic interpretation multiscale shows a sedimentary basin reaching ~ 4,5s double (~ 4500-5625 m) on a substrate pre-structured magma. This basin consists of 5 main sedimentary units (E-1, E1, E2, E3 and E4) divided into 13 units bounded by discontinuities 14 surfaces. The sequential organization of seismic units allows to highlight sequences 10 deposits of third order (S-1 to S9). The biostratigraphic calibration of all sequences able to offer a tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Eocene basin to Present. Thus, we distinguish four normal fault systems associated with three phases of extensions that control the architectural and sedimentary evolution of the basin. 1 / A system N050 ± 10 ° E inherited assets from the upper Paleogene, which controls the overall pelvic tilt towards the SSE. He is responsible for the formation of the escarpment Désirade about 4500 m elevation. The first extension is interpreted as resulting from the fragmentation of the fore-arc in response to the increase in the radius of curvature of subduction. 2 / A system N130 ° -N150 ° E, structuring across the Spur Karukéra, which controls sediment from the Miocene and marks the first phase of transverse extension arc. 3 / A system N160 ° E ° -N180 which segments Basin Marie-Galante in a sub-basin to the west and the Spur Karukéra in the East. This second extension, generally perpendicular to the margin, is accompanied by subsidence and reversing the polarity of the basin in response to his switch to the pit, beginning during the Middle Miocene and is ongoing in the East the basin. This long-term evolution of the forearc, concurrent with the decline in volcanic arc to the west, is considered as resulting from a basal erosion of the top plate. 4 / A system N090 ± 10 ° later E is located in the center of the basin and controlling the development of neritic carbonate platforms on certain blocks heads, such as Marie-Galante. This latest extension, parallel to the arc occurs in the basin from the lower Pliocene. It is superimposed on the expansion plan perpendicular to the fore-arc and is interpreted as the accommodation of the partitioning of deformation in response to the increasing obliquity front subduction north
Picot, Jean-Daniel. "Etude d'un sismometre vertical, miniature, asservi, large bande, a grande dynamique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066480.
Full textBaby, Guillaume. "Mouvements verticaux des marges passives d’Afrique australe depuis 130 Ma, étude couplée : stratigraphie de bassin : analyse des formes du relief." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S009/document.
Full textThe South African (Kalahari) Plateau is the world's largest non-orogenic plateau. It forms a large-scale topographic anomaly (×1000 km) which rises from sea level to > 1000 m. Most mechanisms proposed to explain its elevation gain imply mantle processes. The age of the uplift and the different steps of relief growth are still debated. On one hand, a Late Cretaceous uplift is supported both by thermochronological studies and sedimentary flux quantifications. On the other hand, geomorphological studies suggest a Late Cenozoic uplift scenario (<30 Ma). However few attentions were paid to the evolution of the overall geomorphic system, from the upstream erosional system to the downstream depositional system. This study is based on two different approaches : onshore, on the mapping and chronology of all the macroforms (weathering surfaces and associated alterites, pediments and pediplains, incised rivers, wave-cut platforms) dated by intersection with the few preserved sediments and the volcanics (mainly kimberlites pipes) ; offshore, on a more classical dataset of seismic lines and petroleum wells, coupled with biostratigraphic revaluations (characterization and dating of vertical movements of the margins - sediment volume measurement). The main result of this study is that the South African Plateau is an old Upper Cretaceous relief (90-70 Ma) reactivated during Oligocene (30-15 Ma) times. Its evolution can be summarized as follows : 100-70 Ma (Cenomanian to Campanian): low elevation plateau (0-500 m) with older and higher reliefs located along the Indian side, acting as a main divide between the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. First uplift occurred in the east at ~92 Ma, with a fast flexuration of the Indian margins. This initiates a paroxysm of the erosion (90-80 Ma) with the growth of a large delta along the Atlantic margin (Orange delta). Deformation migrated progressively westward and resulted on the growth of the Atlantic marginal bulge between 81 and 70 Ma. Most of the present-day relief was probably created at this time. This is supported by the decrease of the sedimentary flux which suggests a reorganisation of the interior drainage pattern ; 70-30 Ma (Uppermost Cretaceous-Paleogene): most of the relief is fossilized and weathered - relative tectonic quiescence ; 0-15 Ma (Oligocene-Early Miocene): second period of the South African Plateau uplift. Most of the deformation took place along the Indian side of the Plateau (strike flexure) feeding the Zambezi, Limpopo and Tugela deltas ; since at least Middle Miocene times, all those reliefs have been fossilized, with very low erosion rates (x1m/Ma), in response to the major aridification of southern Africa
Roberts, Mark Alvin. "Full waveform inversion of walk-away VSP data." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GLOB0020.
Full textDepletion of the earth’s hydrocarbon reserves has led to exploration and production in increasingly complex environments. Imaging beneath allochthonous salt (e. G. Salt domes) remains a challenging task for seismic techniques due to the large velocity contrast of the salt with neighbouring sediments and the very complex structures generated by salt movement. Extensive allochthonous salt sheets cover many potentially productive regions in the deep-water Gulf of Mexico. Drilling through the base of salt is an extremely challenging task due to widely varying pore-pressure found in the sediments beneath. Seismic methods to estimate the seismic velocity can be used in conjunction with empirical formula to predict the pore pressure. However, accurate measurements are often not possible from surface reflection seismic data, so walk-away Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) data has been used. This involves repeatedly firing a seismic source at various distances from the borehole (usually an airgun array) while recording the velocities measured by geophones in the borehole placed at appropriate depths near the base of the salt. Before this thesis, the data had been processed using the amplitude versus angle information in a simple one-dimension approximation or using travel time information (also using a 1D assumption). In this thesis, I have used 2D full waveform inversion to tackle the problem of velocity estimation. This has the advantage of simultaneously inverting the whole dataset (including transmitted waves, reflected waves, converted waves) and the method includes traveltime and amplitude information. The inversion was performed using local inversion methods due to the size of the inverse problem and the cost of the forward problem. Concerns over large sensitivity variations, that are inherent in the data acquisition, have lead to an examination of the Gauss-Newton method and possible preconditioning matrices for the conjugate gradient method. Due to the poorly constrained nature of the inverse problem, a smoothness constraint has been applied with an innovative preconditioning method. The methodology has been applied to real data and the pore pressure has been predicted using the well established Eaton equation. In addition, the sub-salt structure was recovered, further demonstrating the value of this technique
De, Linage Caroline. "Mesures gravimétriques au sol et satellitaires: étude du rapport entre variation de pesanteur et déplacement vertical et apport de la mission spatiale GRACE à l'étude des surcharges hydrologiques et des très grands séismes." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349160.
Full textPotie, Gilbert. "Contribution à l'étude géologique de la frontière SE de la plaque caraibe : la serrania del interior oriental sur le transect Cumana-Urica et le bassin de Maturin (Vénézuela) : application de données géophysiques et géologiques à une interpretation structurale." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2005.
Full textPatin, Marie. "4D basin analysis of the intra-continental Hefei Basin in correlation with adjacent Dabie Orogen evolution (East China)." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-301.pdf.
Full textDans la partie Ouest du bassin, les trois failles principales ont un rejet normal (de 400 à 1000 m) tandis que dans la partie Est, les failles de Shushan et Feixi présentent un jeu inverse (de plus de 2000 m). Ceci peut être corrélé avec la compression continue enregistrée dans les Montagnes du Dabie jusqu'à la fin du Jurassique. Une accumulation importante de sédiments jurassiques dans le bassin concorde avec les hauts taux d'exhumation des Montagnes du Dabie. Au Crétacé inférieur (135-96 Ma), le centre de dépôt sédimentaire du bassin migre vers le NE, le long de la faille de Tanlu, qui marque la limite Est du bassin. Les failles de Feizhong, Shushan et Feixi ont un jeu syn-sédimentaire. Dans les Montagnes du Dabie, la transition compression-extension a lieu vers 135 Ma, et l'orogène entre dans une phase de « doming ». Du volcanisme et la mise en place de plutons granitique accompagnent cette extension liée à la subduction de la plaque Pacifique à l'Est. L'influence de la faille de Tanlu sur le développement du bassin de Hefei augmente durant le Crétacé. Les sédiments du Crétacé supérieur (96-65. 5 Ma) ne sont déposés que dans la partie NE du bassin, le long de la faille de Tanlu, avec un taux de subsidence de 4 m/Ma. L'étape suivante dans l'évolution du bassin de Hefei, à l'Eocene (53-33. 7 Ma) est marquée par une nouvelle extension. Les failles de Feizhong et Feixi ont un jeu syn-sèdimentaire permettant une accumulation de sédiments atteignant 2500 m. Le taux de subsidence est de 12 m/Ma dans la partie Sud du bassin. Cette extension est associée à la collision Inde-Asie à l'Ouest. Au Néogène (23. 5-0 Ma) les sédiments sont déposés dans la partie Ouest du bassin et couvrent les failles majeures. L'étude du bassin de Hefei permet une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution tardi et post-orogénique des Montagnes du Dabie voisines. Une bonne corrélation existe entre la chaine de montagnes et le bassin sédimentaire connexe. Dans l'optique d'une recherche de pétrole ou de gaz, ces corrélations entre chaîne orogénique et bassin (source potentielle) sont extrêmement importantes
Minguely, Bruno. "Caractérisation géométrique 3-D de la couverture sédimentaire méso-cénozoïque et du substratum varisque dans le Nord de la France : apports des données de sondages et des données géophysiques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Minguely.pdf.
Full text