Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sites contaminés – Gestion du risque'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 17 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Sites contaminés – Gestion du risque.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rios, Mora Juan Sebastian. "Optimisation de la gestion de l’impact des polluants gazeux du sol sur la qualité de l’air intérieur." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS035.
Full textPolluted sites and most precisely vapor intrusion represents a potential risk for human health and its environment. Various screening-level and analytical models have been proposed in order to evaluate vapor intrusion and provide assessment tools for exposure risk. However, some in situ investigations show significant differences between predicted and measured indoor concentrations leading eventually to misleading conclusions and inappropriate solution implementations. These uncertainties are mainly associated with a poor characterization of the site, an incomplete modeling of transfer pathways and mechanisms, or by neglecting certain influencing parameters on this transfer. For example, ignoring the lateral source/building separation may serve as possible explanation of the uncertainties presented by the conventional models based on a homogeneous source distribution assumption. The authors agree that lateral migration plays an important role in the attenuation of the indoor concentration. In homogeneous or continuous source scenarios vapors may migrate mainly vertically towards the building. However, lateral source may promote lateral migration to the atmosphere and less into the building generating a greater attenuation of the indoor concentration. In this context, the main objective of this thesis work is to contribute to the improvement of the assessment and management risk tools in order to improve the accuracy of their estimations and increase their range of application. To do this, new vapor intrusion models are developed considering the lateral source/building separation. These models are built on a numerical experimentation and dimensionless analysis based on existing models (semi-empirical models considering a homogeneous source distribution). The combination of these two approaches allows, on the one hand, to maintain the aptitude of the existing models to consider the physical properties of the soil (permeability, diffusion coefficient, …) and the characteristics of the building (type of construction, building depression, volume,…), and on the other hand, to better precise the position of the source in the soil taking into account the influence of the lateral source/building separation in the estimations. From a comparative analysis, the accuracy of these new expressions is verified comparing to the proposed numerical model (CFD), experimental data and existing models in the literature. Finally, the proposed expressions were coupled with a ventilation code (MATHIS-QAI) allowing to better specify indoor characteristics (ventilation system, air permeability of the envelope, volume of the building, …) and estimate indoor air concentration levels as a function of environmental variations (wind speed, outside temperature, …) over time. From a parametric study it was shown that despite the significant impact of the characteristics of the building, the influence of the lateral source/building separation remains predominant on the attenuation of the indoor concentration (attenuation of several orders of magnitude when the source is laterally offset of the building compared to a homogeneous source). However, specifying the characteristics of the building (construction type, ventilation system, air permeability, …) and weather conditions may increase the accuracy of the estimation avoiding the implementation of extreme solutions or insufficient actions
Matera, Virginie. "Etude de la mobilité et de la spéciation de l'arsenic dans les sols de sites industriels pollués : Estimation du risque induit." Pau, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PAUU3017.
Full textHayet, Audrey. "Contribution de l'écologie à la caractérisation de sites contaminés : application à l'évaluation des risques pour les écosystèmes." Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S055.
Full textDuong, Viet-Long. "Evaluation du risque potentiel sur l'environnement lors de la réhabilitation d'un site pollué." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824830.
Full textLopareva-Pohu, Alena. "Intérêt de la phytostabilisation aidée pour la gestion des sols pollués par des éléments traces métalliques (Cd, Pb, Zn)." Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0296.
Full textSustainable management of contaminated soils with trace elements (TE) is a real challenge, more particularly around the former lead smelter Metaleurop Nord, in Northern France. This in situ study aimed at evaluating the long-term efficiency of aided phytostabilisation on former agricultural soils highly contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc. Soils were amended with two fly ashes (Fas) : a silico-aluminos (FA1) and sulfo-calcic FA (FA2). Nine years after experiment start, the trees development induced a progressive shift of land use from agriculture field to forest ecosystem. Taking in account plant development and TE accumulation, data suggested that, among studied species, Alnus glutinosa, Acer pseudoplatanus and Robinia pseudoacacia were suitable for phytostabilisation of the experimental site. The afforestation induced soil physico-chemical parameters’ modifications. In particular, an increase of organic matters contents and a beginning of acidification were observed. This alteration of soils parameters could modify TE mobility and bioavailability. Our results indicated that the two studied FA buffered natural soil acidification, through a huge input of carbonates. This limited TE mobility and their accumulation in the studied above ground plant organs. Sulfo-calcic ash (FA2) is more efficient in decreasing TE soil mobility and accumulation by plants than silico-aluminous ash (FA1). In consequence, soil amendment with FA2 appears to be the wisest option to manage the contaminated soils surrounding the former smelter. Before recommending this aided phytostabilisation on larger polluted areas, further research is needed to answer several questions raised by this work
Meynet, Jérémy. "La gestion du transport de marchandises dangereuses sur des sites à forte concentration : évaluation des risques liés au stationnement des marchandises dangereuses par l'étude de dangers." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3017.
Full textTransportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) is a risk-generating activity due to the intrinsic hazard of the products concerned which may, following an accident in the course of this activity, cause serious effects on the environment, property and people (toxic, thermal effects of overpressure, or pollution).The TDG activity is divided into three phases: transport, handling (loading and unloading) and parking. To reduce the risks generated by the TDG activity, international regulations imposed technical measures (requirements for the construction and use of tanks and packages, approvals of vehicles and containers) and preventive measures (training of stakeholders transportation and handling Dangerous Goods, traffic rules).However this rule, applied in France through the order TGD and its annexes, does not allow for hosting many dangerous goods sites (such as ports, rail yards and motorway areas), to develop specific preventive and technical measures adapted to the local context. Indeed, the operation of a transport infrastructure (such as hosting dangerous goods port) requires its own operating rules to manage traffic of dangerous goods heterogeneous, large and regular (even daily) to reduce the risks associated with the transport, handling, parking and the concentration of hazardous substances on the same site.The hazard study of TDG, imposed by Act No. 2003-699 of 30 July 2003, complemented the existing regulatory tools to help some sites with high concentrations of dangerous goods (as defined by the Decree n ° 2007 - 700 of 3 May 2007) to assess and manage the risks generated by the TDG activity (or "TDG risk").This thesis is therefore part of a clear regulatory framework and is committed to produce scientific knowledge and operational regulations, to implement and test the applicability of a departmental risk analysis methodology (defined by the decree of 18 December 2009) for hosting dangerous goods sites
Monneron-Gyurits, Matthias. "Bioaccessibilité et spéciation des métaux/métalloides sur d’anciens sites industriels en vue d’une gestion intégrée et d’une refonctionnalisation." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0062.
Full textToday, the management of polluted sites and soils appears to be a major challenge for environmental and health policies. To do this, decision support tools must be developed and validated to facilitate the identification and understanding of the risks involved. In this context, the objective of this study is to improve knowledge of the links between the nature of contaminants, their geochemical behavior, the nature of carrier phases and bioaccessibility. Ultimately, this understanding will lead to a more specific assessment of the environmental and health risks attributable to them, and to a more coherent remediation. To do this, two contaminated sites with different typologies (mining vs. industrial) were studied but with similar contamination (As, Pb, Zn and Cd). After a representative sampling in accordance with the type of site and its geomorphology, a fine physico-chemical characterization was carried out on each sample before determining their environmental and physiological stability (bioaccessibility). The coupling with environmental mineralogy made possible to explain the behavior of the elements in the various environments. In a second step, in order to overcome the constraints of a complex environment such as the soil and to define the real impact of each bearing phase on the risks, pure phases were synthesized and subjected to the same tests as the natural samples. A return to the solid is then systematically carried out, highlighting the mineralogical changes undergone by the sample. Mixtures have also been made to understand and better understand the cocktail effects of metallic and metalloid elements. This integrated, multi-analytical and multi-scale approach is then the first step in a long process of understanding and predicting risks based on geochemistry and environmental mineralogy coupling
Colmellere, Cynthia. "Quand les concepteurs anticipent l'organisation pour maîtriser les risques : deux projets de modifications d'installations sur deux sites classés Seveso 2." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1741.
Full textResearch on the reliability of high-risk systems shows that there are failures in organization which arise from the difficulties that engineers and technicians have in conceiving organization in relation to the technology used. This thesis treats the design process as a social, contingent and contextual construction. An analysis of the contribution of actors engaged in the modification of high-risk chemical installations shows that their anticipation of the organization in relation to the technical systems is partial. The social and dynamical perspective adopted reveals the strengths and weaknesses of organization and design practices in order to take account of the major professional risks. Moreover it questions the human and socio-economic costs of design in highly regulated industries where demands of profitability and competitiveness are additional to the requirements for risk management
Origo, Nadia. "Approche socio-spatiale de la réhabilitation des sites industriels pollués." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040181/document.
Full textThe socio-space approach of the rehabilitation of the polluted industrial sites is based on two supports of analysis: environmental components and the executive framework. This study, which relates primarily to France, made it possible to emphasize the major failures of an operation of rehabilitation of site, generally reduced to two factors: costs and techniques of depollution. This approach stresses that there is a dimension of the rehabilitation of the sites, which should be considered. It is a question of considering it, since depollution until the reuse of a site. It led starting from the Total site of Vendin-le-Vieil and other sites taken in example to expose some direct orientations, which would channel the useful and durable reuse of a site from its environmental immediate and of the executive context into force. These orientations led to the development of a model diagram tested on the boubiers of flaring of l’Ile Mandji in Gabon (Central Africa). The objective in the long term is to consider the design of a Socio-space System of Management of the Sites and Sols Polluted
Delafoulhouze, Maximilien. "Développement et application de l’analyse dirigée par l’effet pour la recherche et l’identification de contaminants à risque présents dans les sols des sites pollués." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0384/document.
Full textThe soil is a scarce resource fulfilling many functions necessary for the proper functioning of ecosystems and societies. Nevertheless, it suffers human pressures causing its deterioration. In Europe, 16% of the territory is subject to soil degradations. One of the threats to the soil homeostasis is the chemical contamination from industrial activity sites. These contaminated sites, estimated to number of 2.5 million in Europe are causing a risk to human and environmental health. Unfortunately, at present there is no common European regulatory framework for the management of these sites, whose diagnoses are made only on short lists of molecules and priority pollutants. However, soil contamination generally comes from complex mixtures whose toxicity is due to a combination of contaminants. The aim of this work concerns the identification of compounds responsible for the toxicity of the contaminated soil by applying an effect-directed analysis (EDA), a technique which combines biological and chemical analyzes to a physico-chemical fractionation. After the development of EDA on the solid matrices, this approach has been used on polluted sites to identify the compounds binding to the aryl hydrocabon receptor (AhR). This allowed to highlight contaminants with a biological activity not included in the diagnoses of polluted soils such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons non-priority according to US-EPA, their oxidation products and compounds containing N -, S-, O-heterocycles
Olivero, Julie. "Entreprises et management environnemental : pratiques de gestion dans les établissements à risques règlementés situés sur le littoral français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1072.
Full textThe increasing societal awareness and the intensification of the regulation make henceforth strategic environmental issues for pollutant sites. Included within the scope of the CSR, this thesis aims to understand the management decision of environmental risks within risky sites located in French densely populated coastal areas. It analyses the ways of evaluating, managing and communicating about environmental risks, also called “industrialo-environmental risks” (IER), and identifies motivations and difficulties of these actions as described by managers. The research is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework: the work on the individual decision under risk, the stakeholder theory, and the neo-institutionalism. The research methodology is divided into two times: a qualitative study of 19 interviews with textual analysis, and a survey of 196 sites by questionnaire. Results emphasize that, despite a collective awareness of environmental issues, IER have been significantly managed since only a decade. If regulatory stakeholders and leaders' values primarily guide risky sites towards a more "responsible" management, the complexity of regulation and the lack of information explain the slowing of environmental initiatives (EMS, EMAS eco-audit, partnerships). The surveyed sites adopt reactive approaches of regulatory compliance. Costs, lack of human and financial resources, and the low perception of the immediate benefits are considered as barriers to the pursuit of more ambitious environmental activities. Thus, the IER management appears more as a way to legitimize and sustain activities as an economic advantage
Madi, Belkacem. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes de traitement des sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : application de la désorption thermique et de l'extraction par solvant." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1658.
Full textThe thesis is a contribution for the methodology to be applied for the treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils. The aspects covered are the soil bulk handling, analysis for monitoring the cleanup, the treatability study, the conduct of laboratory testing ant the mathematical modeling of the treatment
Edward, Lydie. "Modélisation décisionnelle de personnages virtuels autonomes évoluant dans un environnement virtuel pour la prévention des risques sur les sites SEVESO." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1942.
Full textOur research deals with the design of a training system to support decision-making in the preparation and the management of maintenance interventions in high-risk industries namely SEVESO sites. The proposed system incorporates virtual reality and artificial intelligence to simulate virtual autonomous characters and their cognitive processes in dangerous working situations. It generates behaviour-based errors to support learning and risk prevention. It uses new mechanisms taking into account human factors with respect to cognitive modelling of human behaviour regarding risky situations. In the simulated environment the trainee can visualize the risks incurred during his work with the virtual agents. The emergent risks depend on the cognitive characteristics of the virtual operators and on the expertise of the trainee. We propose a multi-agent system to support the control of virtual operators represented by virtual cognitive agents. The difference with a classic MAS is that our cognitive agents are enriched with a planner for selecting actions according to goals, the environment and to the personal characteristics of the agents (time pressure, caution, tiredness, hunger)
Laisné, Muriel. "L'environnementalisation du contrat de bail commercial." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2019. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8ec4d199-7f70-412a-a2ff-08bd0bd4d906.
Full textFor the past few years, the commercial lease, a contract under private law, has been subject to greening, as the growing trend of being environment-minded when entering into legally binding agreements takes hold. This trend involves increased attention to environmental issues when considering commercial lease contracts and, more specifically, about the role and evolution of the contract. Therefore, we must be aware of the impact of environmental issues in and through the commercial lease agreement. Mechanically, the environment is both a disruptive and a socializing factor in the commercial lease contract. On one hand, there is a massive duty to integrate environmental information, which may involve limits and incoherence’s. Furthering this effervescence of information are issues of contaminated sites and soil causing numerous interferences throughout the life of this contract between lease agreement and environmental law (with public policy legislation on classified facilities, waste and contaminated sites and soil). On the other hand, the commercial lease captures general environmental interests through the rule of law, litigation or interest of involved parties, ultimately leading to environment protection. While the status of commercial leases has always been settled for the needs of the lessee and associated corporate structure, with an increasingly strong public policy and limited contractual freedom, this tenancy agreement is thus geared toward environment concerns. While filling a necessary social function, the lease agreement also acquires an environmental dimension. The effect of adding an environmental concern to the commercial lease is mixed : while likely to present advances for the environment, the lease agreement faces both internal and external difficulties and has a difficulty adapting its model to the environment. Consequently, adopting a resolutely environmental protection-oriented stance, we will identify and suggest perspectives. The relationship between environmental law and contract law is one of competition and complementarity, requiring a blend of economic profitability and respect for the environment. Bringing elements of respect for the environment into a commercial lease agreement is leading to a change in the philosophy of the contract. Respect for the environment forces dialogue and consultation, reassesses perspectives to the leased structure, while the commercial lease brings environmental concerns to a pragmatic model by providing it with a material understanding in structured and proven rental relationships
Hadna, Saliha. "Suivi environnemental des anciennes mines d’uranium : l’usage de la concertation en situation de controverse : deux études de cas : la Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres), Pen Ar Ran (Loire-Atlantique)." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1145.
Full textThrough the analysis of controversies, our sociological research articulates two case studies on the subject of the use of the “concertation” on the basis of the uranium mine monitoring: La Commanderie (Vendée/Deux-Sèvres) and Pen Ar ran (Loire-Atlantique). These two former uranium mines present two different configurations. In a first line of research, we are interested in the configuration of actors in an instance of “concertation”: comité de Mallièvre (La Commanderie). We present the “constraint network” which prevent the environmental associations from fully participating. The second line of research questions the usefulness of the concept of "collective construction" to better understand the foundations of the consultation. The third line of research leads us to observe a form non-established "collective construction": in Piriac-sur-Mer, a "community of knowledge" emerges as a result of the creation of the group of associations “Stop radioactivity”. In contrast, consultation takes place in the arguments, as a demand for "legitimation of knowledge"
Ranchy, Sophie. "Le statut juridique des zones industrielles littorales et la pollution des sols : état de la réglementation et perspectives." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00355550.
Full textKolbas, Aliaksandr. "Traits phénotypiques et développement de plantes exposées aux éléments traces; utilisation pour la phytoremédiation et l biosurveillance." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14590.
Full textThis work aimed at assessing sustainable phytoremediation options for trace element-contaminated soils. It includes both the assessment of initial and residual risks (biomonitoring) and long-term sustainable decontamination options using plants and associated microbes, especially aided phytoextraction with the secondary purposes of producing plant-based feedstock and restoring ecosystem services. Copper phytotoxicity, the improving role of soil conditioners, and plant tolerance were tested using a bioassay as well as a fading technique. The usefulness of a mutant line of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and a motherline of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) for the biomonitoring of Cu-contaminated soils was investigated. Biochemical parameters in relation to antioxidant status of plants and molecular responses to Cu excess generally showed a greater sensitivity than morphologic ones. Tobacco has a higher Cu tolerance than sunflower. Endophytic bacteria from various sources, notably from the seeds of metallicolous populations of grasses (Agrostis capillaris) can promote the growth of sunflower and tobacco exposed to Cu excess. For annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with an excluder phenotype, increase in shoot Cu removal occurred primarily through increase in shoot biomass, rather than in shoot Cu concentration. Therefore, attention in field trials was paid to agricultural practices. Various improving options were tested in situ: application of soil amendments, the use of mutant lines and somaclonal variation, cultivars and crop rotation, bioaugmentation, fertilization, irrigation, etc. Two mutant lines and some commercial cultivars of sunflower as well as the motherline of tobacco showed a high potential for Cu phytoextraction as well as for plant-based feedstock. Ecological restoration options for Cu-contaminated soils based on phytoextraction using annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with a high shoot biomass would (1) result in the progressive decontamination of Cu-contaminated soils during crop rotations, (2) provide a financial return through biomass valorization, and (3) promote ecosystem services