Relevant bibliographies by topics / Situation Awareness (SA)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Situation Awareness (SA)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Situation Awareness (SA)"

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Flach, John M. "Situation Awareness: Proceed with Caution." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37, no. 1 (March 1995): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049480.

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Situation awareness (SA) is a relatively new concept that has captured the imagination of the human factors community. This new concept is considered in the light of Benton J. Underwood's discussion about psychological concepts. In particular the distinction between SA as a phenomenon description (Level 2 concept) and SA as a causal agent (Level 3 concept) is discussed. The argument that SA is valuable as a phenomenon description draws attention to the intimate interactions between human and environment in determining meaning (or what matters) and reflects an increased appreciation for the intimate coupling between processing stages (e.g., perception, decision, and action) within closed-loop systems. However, I caution against considering SA as a causal agent. When SA is considered to be an object within the cognitive agent, there is a danger of circular reasoning in which SA is presented as the cause of itself. As a causal explanation, SA is a simple, easy-to-understand wrong answer that, in the end, will be an obstacle to research. As a phenomenon description, SA invites further research to discover causal relationships between the design of human-machine systems and the resulting performance.
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Orique, Sabrina B., and Laurel Despins. "Evaluating Situation Awareness: An Integrative Review." Western Journal of Nursing Research 40, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 388–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917697230.

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Situation awareness (SA) refers to the conscious awareness of the current situation in relation to one’s environment. In nursing, loss or failure to achieve high levels of SA is linked with adverse patient outcomes. The purpose of this integrative review is to examine various instruments and techniques used to measure SA among nurses across academic and clinical settings. Computerized database and ancestry search strategies resulted in 40 empirical research reports. Of the reports included in the review, 24 measured SA among teams that included nurses and 16 measured SA solely in nurses. Methods used to evaluate SA included direct and indirect methods. Direct methods included the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique and questionnaires. Indirect methods included observer rating instruments and performance outcome measures. To have a better understanding of how nurses’ make decisions in complex work environments, reliable and valid measures of SA is crucial.
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Schmied, Johannes, and Abbas Strømmen-Bakhtiar. "Situation Awareness Under Task Complexity." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 11, no. 4 (October 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2020100101.

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Performing tasks under task complexity (TC), for example, during the management of a crisis, can be challenging. One relevant research stream has so far dealt with modelling task complexity while another research stream has established the importance of situation awareness (SA) during crisis management. This study takes into consideration these two research streams and builds a model on how SA is achieved under task complexity. The research shows that information of high information quality (IQ) reduces the level of task complexity, and influences—as well as is influenced by—situation awareness. The practice of collecting and disseminating relevant and timely information as a critical resource in improving SA should be carried out continuously. This continuous process can be improved by using information technologies as automating tools. Moreover, the study shows how shared mental models can improve SA under task complexity. A case study approach, based on qualitative data focusing on theory building, is applied. Unit of analysis is a Norwegian hospital.
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Bolstad, Cheryl A., Peter Foltz, Marita Franzke, Haydee M. Cuevas, Mark Rosenstein, and Anthony M. Costello. "Predicting Situation Awareness from Team Communications." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 12 (October 2007): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101203.

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Given the importance of Situation Awareness (SA) in military operations, there is a critical need for a realtime, unobtrusive tool that objectively and reliably measures warfighters' SA in both training and operations. Just as the requirement for improved access to SA measures has become vital, it is now commonplace for military team communications to be mediated by technology, hence easily captured and available for analysis. We believe that team communications can be used to derive SA measures. To address this issue, we are developing the Automated Communications Analysis of Situation Awareness (ACASA) system. ACASA combines the explanatory capacity of the SA construct with the predictive and computational power of TeamPrints, to assess team and shared SA as well as other cognitive processes. TeamPrints is a system that combines computational linguistics and machine learning techniques coupled with Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to analyze team communication. In this paper, we present the findings from an exploratory evaluation of how well TeamPrints predicts SA from the team communications arising during a military training exercise.
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Milham, Laura M., John S. Barnett, and Randall L. Oser. "Application of an Event-Based Situation Awareness Methodology: Measuring Situation Awareness in an Operational Context." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 11 (July 2000): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401125.

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The focus of the present paper is on the application of an event-based approach to the assessment of situational awareness (SA). Event-based approaches present measurement opportunities by systematically introducing exercise events or capitalizing on naturally occurring events in order to evaluate targeted competencies (such as behaviors related to SA). This approach works well for assessment of SA because events can be used to elicit behaviors that are often covert; monitoring the environment, for example. Typically, event-based approaches are applied in a laboratory setting, such as a flight simulator, where it is possible to control the introduction of events. In the present application, the event-based approach was applied to assess SA performance during dynamic flight events, where precise control could not be exerted. The ways in which the application was and was not successful, and ways in which this approach can be used to present training feedback are presented.
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Endsley, Mica R. "Design and Evaluation for Situation Awareness Enhancement." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 2 (October 1988): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200221.

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Situation awareness (SA) is an important component of pilot/system performance in all types of aircraft. It is the role of the human factors engineer to develop aircraft cockpits which will enhance SA. Research in the area of situation awareness is is vitally needed if system designers are to meet the challenge of providing cockpits which enhance SA. This paper presents a discussion of the SA construct, important considerations facing designers of aircraft systems, and current research in the area of SA measurement.
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Fracker, Martin L. "A Theory of Situation Assessment: Implications for Measuring Situation Awareness." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 2 (October 1988): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200222.

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Measures of pilot situation awareness (SA) are needed in order to know whether new concepts in display design help pilots keep track of rapidly changing tactical situations. In order to measure SA, a theory of situation assessment is needed. In this paper, I summarize such a theory encompassing both a definition of SA and a model of situation assessment. SA is defined as the pilot's knowledge about a zone of interest at a given level of abstraction. Pilots develop this knowledge by sampling data from the environment and matching the sampled data to knowledge structures stored in long-term memory. Matched knowledge structures then provide the pilot's assessment of the situation and serve to guide his attention. A number of cognitive biases that result from the knowledge matching process are discussed, as are implications for partial report measures of situation awareness.
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Endsley, Mica R., and Daniel J. Garland. "Pilot Situation Awareness Training in General Aviation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 11 (July 2000): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004401107.

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While the majority of research on the topic of situation awareness has been focused on designing better systems, significant interest also exists in finding ways to improve SA through training. This paper describes an ongoing program that is directed at developing programs for training SA in general aviation pilots. Factors that have been found to pose problems for SA in pilots are reviewed and directions are established for creating programs for improving SA through training.
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Jones, Debra G. "Reducing Situation Awareness Errors in Air Traffic Control." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100152.

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Since situation awareness (SA) is vital to the decision process, SA errors can degrade decision making. Many SA errors occur when all the relevant information has been correctly perceived. In these cases, the information's significance is not comprehended, and a representational error occurs. Schema influence this comprehension aspect of SA. This study investigates the impact of information with certain schema related characteristics on SA: (1) schema bizarre information will impact SA more than schema irrelevant information, and (2) schema unexpected information will impact SA more than the absence of schema expected information. Using a high fidelity air traffic control simulation, misinformation was provided to the controller and schema related cues were furnished to indicate the error. The results indicated that (1) schema bizarre cues impacted SA more than schema irrelevant cues and (2) no difference existed between the impact of the absence of schema expected cues and schema unexpected cues. Additionally the results emphasize the difficulty incurred when trying to prevent SA errors.
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Saner, Lelyn D., Cheryl A. Bolstad, Cleotilde Gonzalez, and Haydee M. Cuevas. "Measuring and Predicting Shared Situation Awareness in Teams." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 3, no. 3 (September 2009): 280–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/155534309x474497.

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In order to improve our understanding of situation awareness (SA) in teams performing in technologically advanced command, control, and communications (C3) operations, researchers need to develop valid approaches to assess both individual and shared SA. We investigated SA in an interdisciplinary military rescue operation training exercise. For this study, we developed procedures to measure the degree of shared SA between two team members and to improve the accuracy of their shared SA scores. We suggest that SA scores that are calculated using many existing methods may be inflated because they often fail to account for error in terms of both the amount of information that is thought to be relevant and in the accuracy of a person's knowledge of it. We calculated true SA scores that account for both of these types of error. The measures were then used to evaluate five potential predictors of shared SA. Our analysis suggested that failure to compensate for error in SA may lead to overestimation of performance in a situation. The results also revealed a significant relationship between shared SA and participants' distance from a central, joint service team, which acted as the organizational hub within the C3 structure. Shared SA was better the further away from the hub people were, which suggests that a person's role and position within an organization affects the level of shared SA that can be achieved with other individuals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Situation Awareness (SA)"

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Forsman, Viking. "MEASURING SITUATION AWARENESS IN MIXED REALITY SIMULATIONS." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44158.

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Off-highway vehicle, such as excavators and forklifts, are heavy machines that are capable of causing harm to humans or damage property. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to develop interfaces for these kind of vehicles that can aid the operator to maintain a high level of situational awareness. How the interface affects the operators’ situational awareness is consequently an important metric to measure when evaluating the interface. Mixed reality simulators can be used to both develop and evaluate such interfaces in an immersive and safe environment. In this thesis we investigated how to measure situational awareness in a mixed-reality off-highway vehicle simulation scenario, without having to pause the scenario, by cross-referencing logs from the virtual environment and logs from the users' gaze position. Our method for investigating this research question was to perform a literature study and a user test. Each participant in the user test filled out a SART post-simulation questionnaire which we then compared with our measurement system.
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Midenby, Johan. "Situation Awareness, en jämförelse mellan SPL, MCPP och COPD." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7520.

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Att utveckla och bibehålla situation awareness (SA) är en av de mest kritiska utmaningar i en stab i dagens konflikter. Det får avgörande betydelse för utgången av en konflikt. Om SA hanteras eller förstås felaktigt kan det leda till ökat mänskligt lidande i konfliktområden och förluster av människoliv. Det ökande internationella samarbetet gör att planeringsofficeren förutsätts kunna hantera flera olika processer. Syftet med uppsatsen var att jämföra och belysa skillnader hur SA skapas inom olika planeringsprocesser, samt vad försvårar utväxlingen av SA mellan processerna. Detta återspeglas i form av likheter och skillnader mellan planeringsmodellerna SPL, MCPP och COPD. Resultatet visar att det fanns stor likhet mellan processerna men det fanns också avgörande skillnader. I SA nivå 1 fanns en diskrepans mellan begreppen Centre of Gravity, caveats och gender. I SA nivå 2 skiljer bearbetningsprocesserna mellan planeringsmodellerna. I SA nivå 3 fanns den största och mest avgörande skillnaden där det kan konstateras att planeringsprocesserna inte utgår från samma byggstenar när det gäller att bygga planen. Medvetenhet och insikt för de olika planeringsprocessernas särart minskar risken för missförstånd.
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Henderson, Simon Thornton Aviation Faculty of Science UNSW. "Frames in the flight deck: a sociological approach to situation awareness." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Aviation, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40907.

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Situation Awareness (SA) is the aviation term for the construct describing how actors extract meaning and make sense of their dynamically changing environment. Within the aviation domain, it is broadly acknowledged that SA plays a crucial role for pilots in coping with hazardous situations and its loss is cited as a significant factor in aircraft accidents and incidents. A broad range of psychologically based theories has been applied to conceptualise SA. The aim of this research thesis is to develop an alternative, sociologically based approach, largely drawn from Erving Goffman??s (1974) Frame Analysis, and assess whether it can be used to effectively describe, analyse and discuss SA. An open observation method was used to collect data in the flight deck during ten commercial international flight sectors conducted in an advanced wide-body aircraft. A running narrative of flight activity and associated context was recorded from a purposeful sample of flights operated by consenting flight crews. Data was managed in the NVIVO?? qualitative software analysis program. Strips of activity associated with the establishment or maintenance of SA were identified and examined in accordance with key concepts derived from frame analysis. The results show that key concepts drawn from Goffman??s (1974) frame analysis are able to be applied to the coding and discussion of data. Several emergent themes describe distinct SA behaviours relating to frame establishment and maintenance. These behaviours include; frame confirming, questioning, seeking, setting, proposing, clearing, accepting, reviewing and anticipating. Some unique modifications are made to Goffman??s underlying concepts in order to address specific contextual issues emergent in flight deck operations. SA is supported as a meaningful construct in the aviation domain. This thesis establishes that Goffman??s (1974) general theory of frame analysis supports the major underlying concepts of the specific SA construct. Additionally, a method derived from frame analysis is used to examine and analyse the observed intersubjective SA processes. This analysis also develops several unique perspectives concerning flight crew task performance that have wide ranging implications in procedural design, training and airspace integration. Lastly, practitioner based notions of SA are shown to be equivalent to that of ??frame.??
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Loyola, Mauricio. "Situation awareness, kognitiva system och försöksdesign- Att kombinera kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskningsmetodik." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2608.

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Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka, utifrån en etnografisk och kvalitativ ståndpunkt, möjligheten till att utöka kunskapen om Situation Awareness (SA). Forskning inom området har länge präglats av ett kvantitativt förhållningssätt vilket anses ha missgynnat och till en viss del hindrat alternativa kvalitativa forsningsansatser för att studera detta intressanta fenomen. Detta arbete försöker, i form av två studier (en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie), bryta trenden av kvalitativ forskning och presentera en annan infallsvinkel för hur SA kan vara organiserat och ett annat förhållningssätt för hur forskning kring SA kan bedrivas. Utgångspunkten för detta försök är teorierna bakom Distributed Cognition (DC), vilka föreslår studien av mänsklig kognition i ett större sammanhang där hjärna, kropp och omgivning bildar ett kognitivt system.

Resultatet från litteraturstudien visar på att det finns stöd för användningen av DC då utifrån dessa teorier uppstår möjligheten till att studera andra aspekter och förhållanden kring SA. Resultatet från fallstudien i sin tur ger indikationer på att inom forskningsområdet finns ett dominerat kvantitativt förhållningssätt samt går det att identifiera ett behov av kvalitativa ansatser som ett sätt att komplettera den nuvarande forskningen.

Sammanfattningsvis uppvisar detta arbete indicier som tyder på att DC och kvalitativa ansatser erbjuder andra användbara utgångspunkter och forskningsmöjligheter för studier av SA.

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Aziz, Tabinda. "Empirical Analyses of Human-Machine Interactions focusing on Driver and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195975.

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Wåhlin, Peter. "Enhanching the Human-Team Awareness of a Robot." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-16371.

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The use of autonomous robots in our society is increasing every day and a robot is no longer seen as a tool but as a team member. The robots are now working side by side with us and provide assistance during dangerous operations where humans otherwise are at risk. This development has in turn increased the need of robots with more human-awareness. Therefore, this master thesis aims at contributing to the enhancement of human-aware robotics. Specifically, we are investigating the possibilities of equipping autonomous robots with the capability of assessing and detecting activities in human teams. This capability could, for instance, be used in the robot's reasoning and planning components to create better plans that ultimately would result in improved human-robot teamwork performance. we propose to improve existing teamwork activity recognizers by adding intangible features, such as stress, motivation and focus, originating from human behavior models. Hidden markov models have earlier been proven very efficient for activity recognition and have therefore been utilized in this work as a method for classification of behaviors. In order for a robot to provide effective assistance to a human team it must not only consider spatio-temporal parameters for team members but also the psychological.To assess psychological parameters this master thesis suggests to use the body signals of team members. Body signals such as heart rate and skin conductance. Combined with the body signals we investigate the possibility of using System Dynamics models to interpret the current psychological states of the human team members, thus enhancing the human-awareness of a robot.
Användningen av autonoma robotar i vårt samhälle ökar varje dag och en robot ses inte längre som ett verktyg utan som en gruppmedlem. Robotarna arbetar nu sida vid sida med oss och ger oss stöd under farliga arbeten där människor annars är utsatta för risker. Denna utveckling har i sin tur ökat behovet av robotar med mer människo-medvetenhet. Därför är målet med detta examensarbete att bidra till en stärkt människo-medvetenhet hos robotar. Specifikt undersöker vi möjligheterna att utrusta autonoma robotar med förmågan att bedöma och upptäcka olika beteenden hos mänskliga lag. Denna förmåga skulle till exempel kunna användas i robotens resonemang och planering för att ta beslut och i sin tur förbättra samarbetet mellan människa och robot. Vi föreslår att förbättra befintliga aktivitetsidentifierare genom att tillföra förmågan att tolka immateriella beteenden hos människan, såsom stress, motivation och fokus. Att kunna urskilja lagaktiviteter inom ett mänskligt lag är grundläggande för en robot som ska vara till stöd för laget. Dolda markovmodeller har tidigare visat sig vara mycket effektiva för just aktivitetsidentifiering och har därför använts i detta arbete. För att en robot ska kunna ha möjlighet att ge ett effektivt stöd till ett mänskligtlag måste den inte bara ta hänsyn till rumsliga parametrar hos lagmedlemmarna utan även de psykologiska. För att tyda psykologiska parametrar hos människor förespråkar denna masteravhandling utnyttjandet av mänskliga kroppssignaler. Signaler så som hjärtfrekvens och hudkonduktans. Kombinerat med kroppenssignalerar påvisar vi möjligheten att använda systemdynamiksmodeller för att tolka immateriella beteenden, vilket i sin tur kan stärka människo-medvetenheten hos en robot.

The thesis work was conducted in Stockholm, Kista at the department of Informatics and Aero System at Swedish Defence Research Agency.

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Hingant, Gómez Javier Eric. "Arquitectura de Cyber Situational Awareness (CySA) para la protección de infraestructuras críticas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/119448.

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[ES] La seguridad en el ciberespacio supone hoy en día un reto fundamental para cualquier organización ante el incesante aumento de ciberataques en todo el mundo. En una realidad tecnológica como la actual, en la que los dominios físico y lógico son cada vez más interdependientes, esta tarea es todavía más imprescindible pues las acciones en cualquiera de estos ámbitos pueden acarrear consecuencias devastadoras en ambos. Esto es si cabe más importante en el caso de infraestructuras críticas (IC), pues de su correcto funcionamiento depende el bienestar de toda una nación y sus ciudadanos. Se hacen por tanto necesarias nuevas soluciones que permitan afrontar de manera eficiente la defensa de toda clase de IC en este escenario híbrido, en el que las herramientas tradicionales de seguridad (firewall, IDS/IPS e incluso sistemas SIEM) resultan por sí solas insuficientes ante ataques a gran escala y donde alternativas más completas como los sistemas SCADA más recientes siguen orientadas a sectores muy específicos. La presente tesis doctoral plantea un enfoque innovador de Situational Awareness (SA) para la adecuada protección de IC en el contexto ciber-físico. En concreto, se propone una arquitectura genérica de SA híbrida que proporcione, mediante técnicas avanzadas de representación, la Common Operational Picture conjunta de las dimensiones física y ciber en un espacio único de visualización con el fin de facilitar la toma de decisiones al operador correspondiente. La arquitectura definida ha sido aplicada en dos soluciones distintas de Cyber Command & Control para la protección de IC: el sistema GESTPIC para la visualización avanzada de la SA ciber-física, y HYBINT como novedosa herramienta para la integración y el análisis de información de inteligencia. El modelo presentado en esta investigación ha sido validado en entornos de uso tanto simulados como reales, suscitando el interés de potenciales usuarios finales y confirmándose como propuesta pionera en su campo en los foros especializados en los que ha participado.
[CAT] La seguretat en el ciberespai suposa hui dia un repte fonamental per a qualsevol organització davant l'incessant augment de ciberatacs a tot el món. En una realitat tecnològica com l'actual, en la qual els dominis físic i lògic són cada vegada més interdependents, aquesta tasca és encara més imprescindible perquè les accions en qualsevol d'aquests àmbits poden implicar conseqüències devastadores en tots dos. Això és si cap més important en el cas d'infraestructures crítiques (IC), perquè del seu correcte funcionament depén el benestar de tota una nació i els seus ciutadans. Es fan per tant necessàries noves solucions que permeten afrontar de manera eficient la defensa de tota classe d'IC en aquest escenari híbrid, en el qual les eines tradicionals de seguretat (firewall, IDS/IPS i fins i tot sistemes SIEM) resulten per si soles insuficients davant atacs a gran escala i on alternatives més completes com els sistemes SCADA més recents segueixen orientades a sectors molt específics. La present tesi doctoral planteja un enfocament innovador de Situational Awareness (SA) per a l'adequada protecció d'IC en el context ciber-físic. En concret, es proposa una arquitectura genèrica de SA híbrida que proporcione, mitjançant tècniques avançades de representació, la Common Operational Picture conjunta de les dimensions física i ciber en un espai únic de visualització amb la finalitat de facilitar la presa de decisions a l'operador corresponent. L'arquitectura definida ha sigut aplicada en dues solucions diferents de Cyber Command & Control per a la protecció d'IC: el sistema GESTPIC per a la visualització avançada de la SA ciber-física, i HYBINT com a nova eina per a la integració i l'anàlisi d'informació d'intel·ligència. El model presentat en aquesta investigació ha sigut validat en entorns d'ús tant simulats com reals, suscitant l'interés de potencials usuaris finals i confirmant-se com a proposta pionera en el seu camp en els fòrums especialitzats en els quals ha participat.
[EN] Security in cyberspace is today a key challenge for any organization with the continuous growth of cyberattacks worldwide. In the current technological reality, in which physical and cyber domains are increasingly interdependent, this task is still most essential since actions in any of these scopes can lead to devastating consequences on both. This is even more important in case of critical infrastructures (CI), inasmuch as well-being of nations and their citizens depends on their proper functioning. New solutions are therefore needed in order to efficiently face the defence of all kind of CI in this hybrid scenario, in which traditional security tools (firewall, IDS/IPS and even SIEM systems) are by themselves insufficient against large-scale attacks and where more complete workarounds such as the most recent SCADA systems still remain focused on very specific sectors. This doctoral thesis introduces an innovative Situational Awareness (SA) approach for the suitable CI protection in the cyber-physical context. In particular, a hybrid SA architecture that provides, through advanced representation techniques, a Common Operational Picture of both physical and cyber dimensions in a unique visualization space is proposed to support operator's decision-making. The defined architecture has been applied in two different Cyber Command & Control solutions for CI protection: GESTPIC system for cyber-physical SA advanced visualization, and HYBINT as a novel tool for intelligence information integration and analysis. The model presented in this research has been validated in both simulated and real working environments, awakening the interest of potential end users and being confirmed as a ground-breaking proposal in its field in the specialized forums in which it has participated.
Hingant Gómez, JE. (2019). Arquitectura de Cyber Situational Awareness (CySA) para la protección de infraestructuras críticas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/119448
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Flodin, Caroline. "Sjöräddning och obemannade autonoma farkoster, hur är det med uppgifterna? : En fallstudie om riktlinjer för datahantering i sjöräddning med obemannade autonoma farkoster." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationssystem och digitalisering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177792.

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Sjöräddning i Sverige sker genom samverkan mellan statliga verksamheter, kommuner och frivilligorganisationer för ett gemensamt mål att rädda personer som råkat i sjönöd. Tid är ofta en kritisk faktor i räddningsuppdragen men ett snabbt och oplanerat utryck riskerar samtidigt att sätta räddningsaktörerna själva i farozonen. Utvecklingen av obemannade autonoma farkoster för SAR (eng. Search And Rescue) ses som en lösning på behovet att kunna snabbt skicka hjälp till samt få ögon på incidentplatsen utan att försätta räddningsaktörerna för onödig risk. Nuvarande kommunikationssystem inom svensk sjöräddning kan dock inte hantera annan typ av information än muntlig varav räddningsaktörer endast känner till riktlinjer för hantering av muntlig information. Med ett framtida införande av autonoma farkoster kommer dock fler informationstyper att behöva hanteras i sjöräddningar varav oklarheten om vilka informationstyper autonoma farkoster samlar in och vilka datahanteringskrav som finns är problematiskt. Oklarhet om informationstyperna och deras datahanteringskrav är vidare problematiskt för utvecklingen och implementeringen av autonoma farkoster då risken finns att farkoster och tekniker utvecklas men inte får användas för att de inte är anpassade efter lagkraven på hantering av olika datatyper. I denna studie undersöks därför vilka informationstyper som autonoma farkoster kan samla in vid sjöräddning. Detta för att komma fram till vilka riktlinjer för datahantering som gäller vid sjöräddning med autonoma farkoster. Studien undersöker också vilka informationstyper som är kritiska för en SAR-sjöräddningssamverkan samt vilka informationsdelningsutmaningar som finns i dagens sjöräddning. Studien genomfördes i form av en kvalitativ fallstudie och har tillämpat ett socio-tekniskt systemperspektiv för att bättre se till helheten och besvara frågeställningarna. Resultatet av denna studie visar att autonoma farkoster kan samla in information om sin omgivning, vilket utgör grunden för att skapa en medvetenhet om situationen som är kritiskt för SAR-operationer, och kan även samla in information om sitt eget tillstånd. De lagverk som identifierats utgöra de huvudsakliga restriktionerna är kamerabevakningslagen, lagen för skydd av geografisk information, offentlighets- och sekretesslagen, GDPR och dataskyddslagen. Dessa lagverk innehåller riktlinjer för delning av information och personuppgiftsbehandling i SAR-sjöräddning. Kunskapsbidrag studien har genererat inkluderar bland annat identifiering av datatyper som kan samlas in av autonoma farkoster i en SAR-sjöräddning, och sannolikt andra typer av räddningsinsatser, och delning och hanteringskraven på de datatyperna i räddningsinsatser och därmed kunskap om vilka datatyper som är mest reglerade. Vidare kunskapsbidrag är kunskap om vilka informationstyper som är mest kritiska för SAR-sjöräddningar, och därför bör prioriteras att samlas in och delas, och identifieringen av utmaningar för informationsdelning mellan statliga verksamheter och frivilligorganisationer.
Maritime rescue in Sweden is performed through a cooperation between government agencies, municipalities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with the common goal of saving people in distress. Time is often a critical factor in the rescue missions but a fast and unplanned response may at the same time put the rescue workers in danger. The development of unmanned autonomous vehicles for SAR is seen as a solution to the need of being able to quickly sendhelp as well as get eyes on the scene of the incident without exposing the rescue workers for unnecessary risks. However, the current communications systems in Swedish maritime rescue are unable to handle any other type of information except verbal, meaning that rescue workers only know guidelines for handling verbal information. However, with a future implementation of autonomous vehicles, there will be a need to handle more information types in maritime rescue whereas the uncertainty regarding what kind of information autonomous vehicles collect and which data management requirements exist is problematic. The uncertainty about the information types and their data management requirements is also problematic for the development and implementation of autonomous vehicles as there is a risk that vehicles and technologies are developed but not allowed to be used because they are not adapted to the legal requirements on management of the different types of data. Therefore, in this study I examine what information types that autonomous vehicles can collect in a maritime rescue to find out what guidelines for data management that applies during a maritime rescue with autonomous vehicles. The study also examines what kind of information’s are critical for a SAR maritime rescue cooperation as well as what information sharing challenges exist in current maritime rescue. The study was performed as a qualitative case study and has used a socio-technical systems perspective so as to better see the overall picture and answer the research questions. The result shows that autonomous vehicles can collect information about their surroundings, which is the foundation for establishing situation awareness that is critical for SAR-operations, and that they can collect information about their own status. The main laws and regulations that have been identified as constituting the main restrictions are (translated from Swedish) the law of camera surveillance, the law for protection of geographical information, the public access to information and secrecy act, the GDPR and the data protection act. These contains guidelines for sharing information and the processing of personal data in SAR maritime rescue. The knowledge contributions of this study includes among others the identification of datatypes that can be collected by autonomous vehicles in SAR maritime rescue, and probably other types of rescue operations, and the sharing and management requirements on those datatypes in rescue operations and thus knowledge of what datatypes that are the most restricted. Further knowledge contributions is knowledge about which information types that are the most critical for SAR maritime rescue and thus should be prioritised for collection and sharing as well as the identification of challenges for information sharing between government agencies and NGOs.
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Reid, Elaine D. "Social network collaboration for crisis response operations developing a Situational Awareness (SA) tool to improve Haiti's interagency relief efforts." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5670.

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The earthquake in Haiti represents an event of catastrophic scale. Relief efforts were thwarted by blocked roads and ruined runways. Relief organizations assisted in the effort using adhoc approaches but could have benefitted from improved Situational Awareness (SA). This thesis develops a new model and methodology, based on data collected following the Haiti earthquake that combines both text-mining methods with 3D graphics. This interpretive approach provides a qualitative improvement on the currently available graphic depictions of such data. Text mining is performed using Lexical Link Analysis (LLA), which tracks and links word pairs, and then visually depicts correlations between discovered words, themes, and entities, thus revealing how they are related to each other in terms of both relationship and content. Our findings reveal discovered patterns of self-organization within this crisis situation, and can demonstrate a dynamic, situational awareness tool that can be executed by a thin client to analyze and determine social-organization collaboration and self-organization for leaders to leverage. This effort can eventually help to create a real-time feedback loop to inform decision maker's organizational awareness, improve organization-toorganization collaboration, and perhaps better allocate resources to areas requiring relief operations.
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Corujeira, José Gouveia Pereira. "A situation awareness interface for a bi-wheeled industrial hovercraft: design, development and evaluation." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/332.

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The intention of this thesis is to develop a prototype interface that enables an operator to control a bi-wheeled industrial hovercraft that will work within a fusion power plant if the automation system fails. This fusion power plant is part of the ITER project a conjoint effort of various industrialized countries to develop cleaner sources of energy. The development of the interface prototype will be based on situation awareness concepts, which provide a means to understand how human operators perceive the world around, then process that information and make decisions based on the knowledge that they already have and the projected knowledge of the reactions that will occur in the world in response to the actions the operator makes. Two major situation awareness methods will be used, GDTA as a means to discover the requirements the interface needs to solve, and SAGAT to conduct the evaluation on the three interfaces. This technique can isolate the differences an operator has in situation awareness when presented with relevant information given by each of the three interfaces that were built for this thesis. Where the first interface presents the information within the operator’s focal point of view in a pictorial style, the second interface shows the same information within the same point of view has the first interface but only shows it in a textual manner. While the third interface shows the relevant information in the operator’s peripheral field of view. Also SAGAT can provide insight on the question to know if providing the operator with feed-forward information about the stoppage distances of the bi-wheeled industrial hovercraft has any effect on the operator’s decision making.
Universidade da Madeira
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Books on the topic "Situation Awareness (SA)"

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Schulz, Christian M. Situation Awareness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0007.

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In anesthesia, situation awareness (SA) represents the degree to which an anesthetist perceives the information in her or his environment, comprehends the patient’s situation, and projects the patient’s situation into the future. There are three levels of SA: perception, comprehension, and projection. After perception, basic information has to be integrated, and several cognitive mechanisms enable correct, complete, and quick development of SA. These processes require long-term memory content such as mental models, similar (prototypical) situations that have been experienced earlier, automaticity, and medical knowledge including guidelines and algorithms. Several tools have the potential to provide qualitative and quantitative assessment of SA in anesthesia, including goal-directed task analysis (GDTA) and SA error taxonomy. In this chapter, the role of SA in anesthesia is illustrated, and factors are described that have the potential for either enhancing or hindering the development of adequate SA.
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Book chapters on the topic "Situation Awareness (SA)"

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Walker, Guy H., Neville A. Stanton, and Paul M. Salmon. "Driver SA and The Future City." In Vehicle Feedback and Driver Situation Awareness, 195–219. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Human factors in road and rail transport | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315578163-9.

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Schaub, Harald. "Wahrnehmung, Aufmerksamkeit und »Situation Awareness« (SA)." In Human Factors, 63–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19886-1_4.

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Oury, Jacob D., and Frank E. Ritter. "How User-Centered Design Supports Situation Awareness for Complex Interfaces." In Human–Computer Interaction Series, 21–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47775-2_2.

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AbstractThis chapter moves the discussion of how to design an operation center down a level towards implementation. We present user-centered design (UCD) as a distinct design philosophy to replace user experience (UX) when designing systems like the Water Detection System (WDS). Just like any other component (e.g., electrical system, communications networks), the operator has safe operating conditions, expected error rates, and predictable performance, albeit with a more variable range for the associated metrics. However, analyzing the operator’s capabilities, like any other component in a large system, helps developers create reliable, effective systems that mitigate risks of system failure due to human error in integrated human–machine systems (e.g., air traffic control). With UCD as a design philosophy, we argue that situation awareness (SA) is an effective framework for developing successful UCD systems. SA is an established framework that describes operator performance via their ability to create and maintain a mental model of the information necessary to achieve their task. SA describes performance as a function of the operator’s ability to perceive useful information, comprehend its significance, and predict future system states. Alongside detailed explanations of UCD and SA, this chapter presents further guidance and examples demonstrating how to implement these concepts in real systems.
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McNaughton, Alex, Susannah J. Whitney, and Philip Temby. "“For Your SA”: Insights from a Situation Awareness Training Study." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 13–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9582-7_2.

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Prébot, Baptiste, Jessica Schwarz, Sven Fuchs, and Bernard Claverie. "From “Knowing What” to “Knowing When”: Exploring a Concept of Situation Awareness Synchrony for Evaluating SA Dynamics in Teams." In Adaptive Instructional Systems, 505–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50788-6_37.

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Barford, Paul, Marc Dacier, Thomas G. Dietterich, Matt Fredrikson, Jon Giffin, Sushil Jajodia, Somesh Jha, et al. "Cyber SA: Situational Awareness for Cyber Defense." In Advances in Information Security, 3–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0140-8_1.

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Eckhardt, Ralph. "Situational Awareness (SA) – auf alles vorbereitet sein." In Das Management-Cockpit, 97–110. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446449732.006.

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"SA Demons." In Designing for Situation Awareness, 31–42. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11371-5.

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"SA Demons." In Designing for Situation Awareness, 31–42. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203485088.ch3.

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"SA Oriented Training." In Designing for Situation Awareness, 235–56. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11371-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Situation Awareness (SA)"

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Salfinger, Andrea, Werner Retschitzegger, Wieland Schwinger, and Birgit Pröll. "CrowdSA — towards adaptive and situation-driven crowd-sensing for disaster situation awareness." In 2015 IEEE International Inter-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2015.7107969.

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Onwubiko, Cyril. "Security operations centre: Situation awareness, threat intelligence and cybercrime." In 2017 International Conference On Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment (Cyber SA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073384.

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Frische, Florian, and A. Ludtke. "SA-Tracer: A tool for assessment of UAV swarm operator SA during mission execution." In 2013 IEEE International Multi-Cognitive Methods in SituationDisciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2013.6523849.

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Lif, Patrik, Magdalena Granasen, and Teodor Sommestad. "Development and validation of technique to measure cyber situation awareness." In 2017 International Conference on Cyber-Situational Awareness, Data Analytics and Assessment (Cyber SA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073388.

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Schuster, David, Joseph R. Keebler, Jorge Zuniga, and Florian Jentsch. "Individual differences in SA measurement and performance in human-robot teaming." In 2012 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2012.6188378.

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Rahman, Moin. "Somatic Situation Awareness: A model for SA acquisition under imminent threat and severe time stress." In 2011 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cogsima.2011.5753455.

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Stavrou, Eliana. "A situation-aware user interface to assess users' ability to construct strong passwords: A conceptual architecture." In 2017 International Conference On Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment (Cyber SA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073385.

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Lopes, João, Rodrigo Souza, Alexandre Souza, Patricia Davet, Ana Pernas, Adenauer Yamin, and Cláudio Geyer. "Uma Abordagem Autonômica Baseada em Regras para Consciência de Situação na Computação Ubíqua." In Simpósio em Sistemas Computacionais de Alto Desempenho. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wscad.2013.16783.

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Um dos principais desafios de pesquisa da Computação Ubíqua (UbiComp) diz respeito a necessidade das aplicações terem consciência do contexto situacional e, quando apropriado, responder de forma proativa a mudanças no mesmo. Este artigo apresenta uma arquitetura para consciência de situação, denominada EXEHDA-SA (Execution Environment for Highly Distributed Applications-Situation Awareness). Considera-se como principal contribuição deste trabalho a concepção de uma arquitetura para aquisição, processamento e disseminação de informações contextuais, de forma distribuída, independente das aplicações, em uma perspectiva autonômica e baseada em regras. Para avaliar as funcionalidades do EXEHDA-SA é apresentado um estudo de caso que destaca a prototipação e testes realizados.
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"Cyber SA 2017 programme committee." In 2017 International Conference On Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment (Cyber SA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073383.

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Evesti, Antti, Teemu Kanstren, and Tapio Frantti. "Cybersecurity situational awareness taxonomy." In 2017 International Conference on Cyber-Situational Awareness, Data Analytics and Assessment (Cyber SA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073386.

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