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Journal articles on the topic 'Situational crime preventiom'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Foshaugen, Marina Hiller. "Politi og arkitekters forebyggingslogikker: Forståelser av kriminalitetsforebyggende arbeid i offentlige rom." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 107, no. 2 (June 6, 2020): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v107i2.124871.

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AbstractThis article focuses on crime prevention through architecture, environmental design and other situational modifications to public space. Today’s crime control is characterized by a continuously expanding focus on prevention and the proliferation of new contributions to preventive work. In the literature, the situational crime prevention approach is an acknowledged and well-known field in which strategies have been used to reduce crime in public spaces for decades. In Norway, however, this remains an area of crime prevention with little empirical data. The current study therefore attempts to fill this gap in Norwegian research. Based on interviews with architects and police personnel, the article explores these actors interpret and understand prevention through architecture, environment and physical design. The main aim is to examine approaches to crime prevention in public spaces in regards to safety, security, risk and social control.

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2

Bae Noh, Chang, and Miyang Cha. "Pattern analysis of risk situations using multi-sensor." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.12 (April 3, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11034.

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Background/Objectives: Existing crime prevention systems manually monitor risk situations using street lights, CCTVs, and security equipment. Since there are many areas where the workforce is held responsible, it is difficult to closely manage all systems due to work overload.Methods/Statistical analysis: The data of maps constructed and continuously updated through the system will allow more accurate predictions of crime and contribute to crime prevention strategies. Furthermore, replacing existing patrol manpower to unmanned drones will allow for more efficient human resources management as well as contribute to the crime prevention infrastructure, thereby minimizing the existence of blind spots in the current system.Findings: It is not easy to diffuse the initial situation in the case of an emergency through prompt notifications. Therefore, a low-cost, integrated management system is needed to prevent major accidents and to minimize damage by detecting crime and fire risks in the early stage. It will be easier to judge risks if we use the multi-sensor and pattern analysis algorithms proposed in this study. Occurrences of crime and fire have been rapidly rising with the quick pace of industrialization. This has resulted in an increase of unease among citizens as well as a rising demand for security and safety in residential environments. As the times change, it is necessary to develop advanced science technology that can predict crimes in order to construct crime preventing environments. The Risk Notification Service can promptly respond to the current status and situation of the user by forwarding the status to the administrator or guardian. Police activity can be strengthened by building a high-tech science and security system to monitor areas susceptible to crime in real-time.Improvements/Applications: This study looks into problems of the existing monitoring system and proposes an integrated control system for crime prevention. Keywords:Background/Objectives: Existing crime prevention systems manually monitor risk situations using street lights, CCTVs, and security equipment. Since there are many areas where the workforce is held responsible, it is difficult to closely manage all systems due to work overload.Methods/Statistical analysis: The data of maps constructed and continuously updated through the system will allow more accurate predictions of crime and contribute to crime prevention strategies. Furthermore, replacing existing patrol manpower to unmanned drones will allow for more efficient human resources management as well as contribute to the crime prevention infrastructure, thereby minimizing the existence of blind spots in the current system.Findings: It is not easy to diffuse the initial situation in the case of an emergency through prompt notifications. Therefore, a low-cost, integrated management system is needed to prevent major accidents and to minimize damage by detecting crime and fire risks in the early stage. It will be easier to judge risks if we use the multi-sensor and pattern analysis algorithms proposed in this study. Occurrences of crime and fire have been rapidly rising with the quick pace of industrialization. This has resulted in an increase of unease among citizens as well as a rising demand for security and safety in residential environments. As the times change, it is necessary to develop advanced science technology that can predict crimes in order to construct crime preventing environments. The Risk Notification Service can promptly respond to the current status and situation of the user by forwarding the status to the administrator or guardian. Police activity can be strengthened by building a high-tech science and security system to monitor areas susceptible to crime in real-time.Improvements/Applications: This study looks into problems of the existing monitoring system and proposes an integrated control system for crime prevention.

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3

Clarke, Ronald V. "Situational Crime Prevention." Crime and Justice 19 (January 1995): 91–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/449230.

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4

Gilmour, Nicholas. "Preventing money laundering: a test of situational crime prevention theory." Journal of Money Laundering Control 19, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 376–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-10-2015-0045.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the findings of a UK-based research study that sought to explore the applicability of situational crime prevention towards money laundering undertaken through the purchasing of high-value portable commodities. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents exploratory findings from research conducted between 2011 and 2013 in the UK. The research sought to identify the process, steps and vulnerabilities behind money laundering through the purchasing of high-value portable commodities and whether the introduction of situational crime prevention techniques could reduce vulnerabilities in the existing environment. Findings Despite significant research into money laundering typologies, the use of high-value portable commodities has remained largely untouched, regardless of the increased implementation of anti-money laundering policies and procedures. This paper demonstrates how the purchasing of high-value portable commodities is extremely vulnerable to money laundering – while identifying how the successful application of situational crime prevention is possible – but inherently it depends on various characteristics directly and indirectly facilitating each stage of the money laundering process. Research limitations/implications This paper is of value to government policymakers, regulators and financial institutions considering future preventative measures. It is also of value to financial investigators and law enforcement agencies intent on investigating money laundering. While the paper relies on data from the UK, the overall findings are such that wherever cash-intensive businesses exist, so too does the opportunity for money laundering through the financial arrangement retained by such businesses. Originality/value This paper presents new research on the direct link existing between high-value portable commodities and money laundering in the UK and the viability of techniques for situational crime prevention despite significant research having previously taken place to identify and develop money laundering typologies.

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Lama, Swikar, and Sikandar Singh Rathore. "Crime Mapping and Crime Analysis of Property Crimes in Jodhpur." International Annals of Criminology 55, no. 2 (November 2017): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2017.11.

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AbstractThis study is based on crime mapping and crime analysis of property crimes in Jodhpur. The property crimes which were selected were house breaking, auto thefts and chain snatching. Data from police stations were used to generate the maps to locate hot spots of crimes. The profile of these hot spots was analyzed through observations supplemented with interviews of police officers and public 100 cases of house breaking and 100 cases of auto thefts were further analyzed to understand the contexts which lead to these crimes. These contexts are in consonance with situational crime prevention theories. This study may help to understand the environmental factors which may be responsible for certain places becoming hot spot areas of property crimes in Jodhpur.

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6

Hine, Kelly Amy, Louise E. Porter, and Janet Ransley. "An environmental approach to police misconduct: exploring situational prevention possibilities to understanding and preventing police misconduct." Policing: An International Journal 43, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2020-0119.

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PurposeThis paper explores the applicability of environmental theories to understanding patterns of police misconduct. In turn, it aims to offer a method for identifying prevention techniques that can be practically applied by policing agencies.Design/methodology/approachThe study empirically examined 84 substantiated matters of police misconduct in Queensland, Australia. The matters were content-analysed for elements of the first level of the crime triangle. These elements were then analysed to identify their relationships with the situational precipitators that initiated the misconduct; proactive misconduct and situational misconduct.FindingsThe two types of initiating misconduct had differing relationships with the crime triangle elements. Therefore, specific prevention techniques can be tailored by policing agencies to address and prevent each type of misconduct more successfully. The paper discusses these findings in terms of preventative measures according to the second preventative level of the crime triangle and situational crime prevention techniques.Originality/valueThis paper provides an alternative approach to understanding and preventing police misconduct by exploring the applicability of environmental theories. It finds that environmental theories offer a feasible approach for policing agencies to understand and tailor prevention of police misconduct in their jurisdictions.

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Lynch, Michael J., Paul B. Stretesky, and Michael A. Long. "Situational Crime Prevention and the Ecological Regulation of Green Crime: A Review and Discussion." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218789080.

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Situational crime prevention theory suggests the need for innovative, non-criminal-justice polices to control crime, but that approach has not been widely employed by criminologists addressing the control of environmental crime. Numerous examples of innovative environmental social control practices can be found outside of the criminological literature; but within criminology, such studies have most often been undertaken by conservation criminologists, while green criminologists have undertaken empirical studies illustrating the ineffectiveness of traditional, punitive responses to environmental crime. Here, we briefly review the use of situational crime prevention theory and research by conservation criminologists and provide examples of environmental social control policies used by various nations that are consistent with situational crime prevention arguments. We also note that research and theory in other disciplines suggest that crime is produced by larger structural economic forces, indicating that situational crime prevention alone is likely not sufficient to control environmental crime.

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8

Wong, Rebecca WY. "‘Do you know where I can buy ivory?’: The illegal sale of worked ivory products in Hong Kong." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 2 (August 8, 2017): 204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865817722186.

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Set against the theoretical framework of situational crime prevention theory, this paper analyses the illegal sale of worked ivory products in Hong Kong, which is the city with the highest number of worked ivory products for retail sale in the world. Based on qualitative interviews and open sources, this paper shows that legalising the sale of products made from mammoth tusk and pre-1989 ivory, the low risk of detection, high rewards, justifications made by offenders, and unique situational conditions have collectively (and indirectly) created opportunities for traders to sell worked ivory items illegally in Hong Kong. This paper concludes by offering a discussion on why the illegal sale of ivory products cannot be prevented with situational crime prevention preventive strategies in the long run.

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9

Gruenewald, Jeff, Grant Drawve, and Brent L. Smith. "The Situated Contexts of American Terrorism: A Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 6 (April 16, 2019): 884–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819842900.

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This study examines how combinations of situational factors are associated with patterns of terrorist success and failure. We apply Sacco and Kennedy’s criminal event perspective and Clarke and Newman’s situational crime prevention approach to the study of terrorist opportunity structures. Using data from the American Terrorism Study (ATS), we employ conjunctive analysis to investigate how opportunities for terrorist attacks and prevention are situationally positioned. We ask, “What combinations of terrorists’ ideological and situational factors are associated with terrorist outcomes in the United States?” While our findings generally show that the simplest forms of terrorism, including combinations of lone actors using unsophisticated weapons against nonhuman targets after little preparation, are associated with successful outcomes, there is heterogeneity in situated opportunities for preparing for and committing terrorism across terrorism movements. Our findings add insights into terrorism prevention strategies and help build a foundation for future comparative research on terrorism outcomes.

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10

Korsell, Lars. "Regulating Organized Crime." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218782654.

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A significant percentage of organized crime exploits regulated markets by offering services and goods without complying with relevant regulations. This may include offers of “tax-free” goods such as tobacco and alcohol, or unreported employment. Although regulatory schemes may in this way create opportunities for organized crime, situational crime prevention can also be built into, or established ancillary to, regulations. This article discusses the significant opportunities for crime prevention in regulatory schemes by using situational crime prevention as an analytical tool. I show how incorporating crime prevention rules into legislation—a step customarily known as “crime proofing”—combats organized crime by using administrative measures.

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11

Graycar, Adam, and Adam B. Masters. "Preventing malfeasance in low corruption environments: twenty public administration responses." Journal of Financial Crime 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-04-2017-0026.

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Purpose Corruption undermines good governance. Strategies for preventing malfeasance in low-corruption environments require a different approach to that applied in high-corruption environments. This paper aims to ask if criminological theories and practice contribute to the study and prevention of corruption in public organizations? Do crime prevention techniques help us in preventing corruption? Design/methodology/approach Empirical data demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of public officials in rich countries demonstrate high levels of integrity; yet, significant sums are invested in anti-corruption agencies and prevention strategies. This paper reports on recent work with an anti-corruption agency, which forced us to re-think how to deliver an anti-corruption agenda in a low-corruption environment. The authors build on their research of public sector corruption in rich countries to develop a set of 20 situational corruption prevention measures for public administrators. Findings The result, with lessons from crime prevention, is a prevention tool to support continued good governance in low-corruption environments. Figure 1 is a template that readers can apply in their own environments. Figure 2 is the authors’ attempt to populate this template based on the research reported here. Originality/value The matrix of situational corruption prevention techniques provides two original approaches. First, it recasts the language of crime prevention into a non-confrontational approach to avoid alienating honest public officials. Second, the matrix incorporates common public sector functions to guide the development of context specific corruption prevention techniques.

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12

Freilich, Joshua D. "Beccaria and Situational Crime Prevention." Criminal Justice Review 40, no. 2 (September 17, 2014): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016814550815.

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13

Brantingham, Patricia L., and Paul J. Brantingham. "Situational Crime Prevention in Practice." Canadian Journal of Criminology 32, no. 1 (January 1990): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.32.1.17.

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14

Hodgkinson, Tarah, and Graham Farrell. "Situational crime prevention and Public Safety Canada’s crime-prevention programme." Security Journal 31, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41284-017-0103-4.

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15

Ozkan, Murat. "A paradigm shift in policing: Crime reduction through problem oriented policing." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3764.

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The opportunity theories of crime regards opportunity as a root cause and focus attention on the crime rather than the criminal. In the practical crime prevention efforts, this theoretical framework paved the way for innovative policing strategies like problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention. Policy makers and practitioners accept the motivated offender as given and gather the efforts to prevent offenders accessing sufficient means and opportunities for a crime to occur. This paper describes the link between opportunity theories of crime and successful crime reduction efforts stemmed from them. It entails problem oriented policing and situational crime prevention techniques. Crime is not evenly distributed. It concentrates differently on places, offenders and persons. This paper then describes the fundamental discussion of crime distribution on hot places, targets, products, offenders and victims. Major works and findings in the field of environmental criminology is presented by describing hot spots and crime distribution, and crime patterns. The paper finally presents an evaluation of these approaches.

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Brantingham, Patricia, Paul Brantingham, and Wendy Taylor. "Situational Crime Prevention as a Key Component in Embedded Crime Prevention." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 47, no. 2 (April 2005): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.47.2.271.

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17

Felson, Marcus. "Policy Levels for Situational Crime Prevention." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218787471.

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An organizing framework is useful for scientific progress as well as the application of knowledge in practical situations. This article advocates supplementing the classification of situational crime prevention methods, proposing seven levels of classification for how crime prevention policy is applied. The seven levels are organized by distance from the criminal event, and examples of application are offered in liquor control and auto theft reduction.

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18

Cottino, Amedeo. "Crime prevention and control: Western beliefs vs. traditional legal practices." International Review of the Red Cross 90, no. 870 (June 2008): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383108000258.

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AbstractThis paper raises two main questions. The first concerns the current idea that punishment – conceived as the loss of liberty – has an effect in preventing unlawful behaviour. It can in fact be shown that, in general, sanctions have a poor individual preventive effect. As to general prevention, punishment may be expected to have a deterrent effect when the unlawful behaviour is the result of a rational decision, that is, a decision based on a cost–benefit analysis. However, a wide variety of factors, from group support to situational and systemic factors, may very well counteract the threatening effect of the sanction. The second question concerns the feasibility of non-stigmatizing ways to cope with crime. The few examples borrowed from legal anthropology seem to indicate that viable alternatives exist. But the transfer of a non-Western, indigenous problem-solving process to culturally different contexts is problematic and should be carried out with extreme caution.

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Kleemans, Edward R., Melvin R. J. Soudijn, and Anton W. Weenink. "Organized crime, situational crime prevention and routine activity theory." Trends in Organized Crime 15, no. 2-3 (August 3, 2012): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12117-012-9173-1.

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Molepo, Samuel P. S., Gabriel Faimau, and Kebonyengwana T. O. Mashaka. "CCTV placement in Gaborone City, Botswana." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 28, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.28.2.1.

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Public surveillance technology through the installation of Closed-Circuit Television cameras (CCTV) has been widely acknowledged as a tool for monitoring population movements and preventing crime. Based on this technological value, the installation of CCTV cameras has become a growing trend in many cities globally. The year 2018 will be remembered as the year when CCTV cameras were first installed in the city of Gaborone, Botswana, and its surrounding villages for purposes of detecting criminal activities and preventing crime. The value of CCTV cameras in preventing crime and as an investigative tool has been an area of interest among researchers. Among scholarly studies on this field, the focus has been on the effectiveness of CCTV cameras in preventing crime and their value as an investigative tool. Since CCTV cameras have just been installed in the city of Gaborone, it may be too early to evaluate the extent to which they effectively prevent crime in this city. The purpose of this study is to document the use of public surveillance cameras in Gaborone and its surrounding areas and assess their geographic placement in light of the principles of Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) theory. Using data collected through site observation and key informant interviews, we argue for a rigorous review and assessment of the current installation and placement of CCTV cameras in Gaborone city and further scholarly study to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of CCTV camera use for crime prevention in this city.

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Mandala, Marissa, and Joshua D. Freilich. "Disrupting Terrorist Assassinations Through Situational Crime Prevention." Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 12 (July 10, 2017): 1515–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128717718488.

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This article uses environmental criminology and situational crime prevention (SCP) to devise a series of hypotheses to determine the factors that distinguish successful from unsuccessful assassination incidents. We analyzed a random sample of 100 successful and 100 unsuccessful assassination incidents from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) that occurred between 2005 and 2014. We then consulted open sources to create new SCP variables that we added to the original GTD data. The hypotheses were tested in a binary logistic regression. Results show that successful assassinations are associated with several SCP measures, including weapon type, fatalities, terrorist proximity to target, and attack and target location.

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22

Lee, Daniel R. "Understanding and Applying Situational Crime Prevention Strategies." Criminal Justice Policy Review 21, no. 3 (May 11, 2010): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403410370202.

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23

Cook, Alana, Danielle M. Reynald, Benoit Leclerc, and Richard Wortley. "Learning About Situational Crime Prevention From Offenders: Using a Script Framework to Compare the Commission of Completed and Disrupted Sexual Offenses." Criminal Justice Review 44, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016818812149.

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The collective knowledge of offenders is one of the richest ways to advance understandings of crime commission and effective crime prevention. Drawing on self-report data from 53 incarcerated offenders in three Australian states and territories, the current article presents an innovative method which, through a crime script framework, allows for a first-time comparison of completed versus disrupted sexual offenses involving adult female and child victims at each stage of the crime commission process. Findings (a) highlight the critical need to boost the efficacy of situational prevention in the crime setup phase of the sexual offense script and (b) showcase how incorporating a script framework in offender-based research can identify new directions for crime prevention

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Huisman, W., and J. van Erp. "Opportunities for Environmental Crime: A Test of Situational Crime Prevention Theory." British Journal of Criminology 53, no. 6 (June 29, 2013): 1178–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azt036.

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25

Akter, Mahmuda. "Crime Prevention Strategies of Bangladesh: An Analysis." American Journal of Trade and Policy 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v5i3.444.

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The need to address crime is as old as civilization itself, and while we have always struggled with whether to punish or rehabilitate criminal activity, there has never been any question that the best alternative to ‘crime’ is prevention. The main objective of this study was to identify an alternative analysis of possible effective crime prevention strategies suitable for the socio-economic premises of Bangladesh. Moreover, the study also tried to find out the necessary action for implementation of crime prevention strategies. The comprehensive discussion based on secondary sources as well as documents like journal articles, authentic books. This study finds out the fields of crime prevention include a range of responses developed over many years, includes developmental, environmental, situational, social and community-based crime prevention, and interventions. Although theoretically there are very few crime prevention strategies in Bangladesh in practice, there are various strategies for crime prevention used here institutionally or un-institutionally which includes community-oriented policing and various security measures. Investing in crime prevention could reduce the drawbacks of the conventional criminal justice system. If the crime prevention strategies could ensure properly, crime and criminal victimization could prevent which will reduce the need for formal criminal justice system in Bangladesh.

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Perry, Simon, Badi Hasisi, and Gali Perry. "Lone terrorists: A study of run-over attacks in Israel." European Journal of Criminology 16, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818769257.

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There is agreement amongst scholars regarding the lack of a unique profile for lone wolf actor terrorists. Therefore, this study focuses on the characteristics of the lone attack, which has rarely been studied. The study seeks to fill these gaps, examining the element of opportunity and situational conditions by focusing on the offence/attack rather than on the offender/attacker in cases of run-over terrorist attacks. In order to shed more light on this dangerous phenomenon of lone-actor terror in general, and lone run-over attacks more specifically, this study examines all 62 run-over attacks carried out in Israel between January 2000 and March 2016. Data for this study were obtained from confidential and open sources. The study’s findings reveal certain characteristics of lone run-over attacks regarding the ‘four pillars of opportunity’ (target, weapon, tools/training and facilitating conditions). These findings suggest that, in order to prevent run-over terrorist attacks or to minimize the damage, one should not concentrate primarily on identifying the profile of the potential attacker. Rather, effective counter-measures should identify the run-over attack elements of situational opportunities and introduce effective situational crime prevention measures that have been found to be effective in preventing non-terrorist crime.

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Füss, Roland, and Achim Hecker. "Profiling white-collar crime: evidence from German-speaking countries." Corporate Ownership and Control 5, no. 4 (2008): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i4p14.

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White-collar crime is a notable phenomenon attending economic activity. But although both prominent individual cases and more systematic statistics on claims indicate a considerable and pressing problem, rather little is known about particular types of offenses, patterns of response, situational contexts, or offender profiles. Nor is much known about which instruments effectively prevent and fight white-collar crime. Utilizing an extensive dataset of 329 organizations and over 400 case descriptions from Germany, Austria and Switzerland, this analysis offers a first detailed inquiry into the relevance and characteristics as well as prevention and redress of five basic kinds of white-collar crime: corruption, fraud, theft, anti-competition, and money laundering. In addition to an explication of overarching commonalities and specific differences, we strive to show that these five types can furthermore be reorganized into two differing classes that are each internally rather homogenous. This finding is of great relevance and importance to effective strategies for preventing and countering white-collar crime

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Patel, Nirpat. "Situational Crime Prevention: A Study in Indian Context." IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 13, no. 4 (2013): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1340612.

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Auerhahn, Kathleen, Andrew von Hirsch, David Garland, and Alison Wakefield. "Ethical and Social Perspectives on Situational Crime Prevention." Contemporary Sociology 31, no. 4 (July 2002): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089126.

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30

Elffers, Henk. "Situational crime prevention in the international supply chain." Tijdschrift voor Criminologie 56, no. 2 (June 2014): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/tvc/0165182x2014056002009.

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31

West, Gordon. "Ethical and Social Perspectives on Situational Crime Prevention." International Criminal Justice Review 14, no. 1 (May 2004): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105756770401400123.

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32

Verma, Arvind. "Anatomy of Riots: A Situational Crime Prevention Approach." Crime Prevention and Community Safety 9, no. 3 (July 2007): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8150044.

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33

Knepper, Paul. "How Situational Crime Prevention Contributes to Social Welfare." Liverpool Law Review 30, no. 1 (April 2009): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10991-009-9051-3.

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34

Tunley, Martin, Mark Button, David Shepherd, and Dean Blackbourn. "Preventing occupational corruption: utilising situational crime prevention techniques and theory to enhance organisational resilience." Security Journal 31, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41284-016-0087-5.

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35

Haelterman, Harald. "Situational Crime Prevention and Supply Chain Security: An “Ex Ante” Consideration of Preventive Measures." Journal of Applied Security Research 4, no. 4 (October 6, 2009): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610903176294.

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36

von Lampe, Klaus. "The application of the framework of Situational Crime Prevention to ‘organized crime’." Criminology & Criminal Justice 11, no. 2 (April 2011): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895811398459.

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37

Smith, David L. "SECURING THE ENGLISHMAN'S CASTLE: SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY." Victorian Literature and Culture 40, no. 1 (March 2012): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150311000362.

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In 1839, the Constabulary Force Commission, created by Parliament to study the conditions of crime and policing beyond London and to make recommendations for jurisdictional reforms, published its findings in the First Constabulary Report. To illustrate for readers the necessity of establishing constabularies modeled after London's Metropolitan Police Force in counties and boroughs throughout England and Wales, Edwin Chadwick, utilitarian reformer and principal draftsman of the Report, interwove the Commission's recommendations with numerous testimonies from representatives of the so-called criminal classes that pervaded nineteenth-century society. These sometimes graphic confessions were calculated to shock as much as persuade, which made for popular reading, notwithstanding widespread political opposition to the Commission's proposals (Philips 69). Section twenty eight, for example, contains the account of “J– R–,” a nineteen-year-old ex-sailor from Manchester who had committed a series of petty larcenies before turning to more serious burglaries of homes and businesses, at which he became quite adept. This young-but-seasoned offender's confession included what were intended to be alarming revelations about the physical vulnerabilities of English houses. JR testified that he had “[f]ound none or very few difficulties in the way of committing crime. The readiness with which property was got . . . was an encouragement” (Lefevre, Rowan, and Chadwick 27). In recounting the details of his crimes (and citing anecdotal evidence from fellow thieves), he pointed out that most houses were entered easily with the use of skeleton keys or through cellar windows, and that householders and servants practiced few if any serious security precautions (27–28). JR concluded that he did “not know of any places or kinds of property so protected as to induce depredators to refrain from attacking them” but added, no doubt with pressure from the interviewer, that the “most important obstruction which could be placed in the way of depredations is a more efficient police” (29).

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Schreck, Christopher J., Mark T. Berg, Bonnie S. Fisher, and Pamela Wilcox. "That Door You Just Kicked in Was Locked for Your Protection, Not Mine." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 55, no. 2 (January 3, 2018): 316–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427817751570.

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Objectives: This research investigates tendencies for individuals to preference adopting weaponry to protect their home over unarmed defensive measures such as installing a lock or alarm. We extend the subculture of violence perspective to account for specific choices and test this approach against hypotheses related to situational reactions to threat. Methods: To explore differential preferences in crime prevention choices for protecting the home, we use data from 1,961 Seattle adults, collected during 2002 to 2003. We employ Osgood and Schreck’s multilevel item response theory–based method as our statistical approach. Results: The results indicate that those who endorse the values of the subculture of violence are more likely to have defensive weaponry among their countermeasures against crime, although the results also show that those who believe the police act justly are more likely to procure weapons. Situational reactions to threat also influenced choices, though not always in the predicted direction. Conclusions: Beliefs may be an important determinant for how people protect themselves against crime. Further, criminological theory can successfully explain crime prevention choices in the general population, indicating considerable untapped future directions for research.

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Hewitt, Ashley, and Eric Beauregard. "Offender Mobility During the Crime: Investigating the Variability of Crime Event Contexts and Associated Outcomes in Stranger Sexual Assaults." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 4 (July 10, 2015): 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215594377.

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Using data from qualitative interviews and police reports, latent class analysis is used on a sample of 54 repeat stranger sexual offenders who committed 204 sexual assaults to identify discrete contexts present at the time of victim encounter that influence these offenders’ decision to use more than one location to commit their crimes. Five distinct classes are identified: residential outdoor common area, spontaneous/quiet outdoor site, residential home, active green space, and indoor/public gathering place. An investigation into the outcome(s) that most often result from the offender’s decision to move the victim during the sexual assault indicates that those who move the victim from an active green space overwhelmingly engage in sexual penetration, as well as forcing their victims to commit sexual acts on them. Crimes where the victim is moved from a residential home show evidence of the offender physically harming the victim as well as using more force than necessary to complete the assault. Implications for situational crime prevention are discussed.

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Sevigny, Eric L., and Gary Zhang. "Do Barriers to Crime Prevention Moderate the Effects of Situational Crime Prevention Policies on Violent Crime in High Schools?" Journal of School Violence 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2016.1275657.

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Kim, Jeong Lim, and Hyungjin Lim. "A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of CCP (Community Crime Prevention) and SCP (Situational Crime Prevention)." Journal of Korean Criminological Asscciation 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29095/jkca.14.1.4.

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Xu, Jianhua. "Drive-Away Policing and Situational Crime Prevention in China." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56, no. 2 (February 23, 2011): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x10395715.

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Shane, Jon M., Eric L. Piza, and Jason R. Silva. "Piracy for ransom: the implications for situational crime prevention." Security Journal 31, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 548–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41284-017-0115-0.

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Busbee, Mark. "Campus Security: Situational Crime Prevention in High Density Environments." Security Journal 15, no. 2 (April 2002): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sj.8340114.

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O'Neill, Lauren, and Jean Marie McGloin. "Considering the efficacy of situational crime prevention in schools." Journal of Criminal Justice 35, no. 5 (September 2007): 511–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2007.07.004.

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46

Danese, Pamela, Riccardo Mocellin, and Pietro Romano. "Designing blockchain systems to prevent counterfeiting in wine supply chains: a multiple-case study." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 41, no. 13 (February 18, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-12-2019-0781.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on blockchain (BC) adoption for preventing counterfeiting by investigating BC systems where different options for BC feeding and reading complement the use of BC technology. By grounding on the situational crime prevention, this study analyses how BC systems can be designed to effectively prevent counterfeiting.Design/methodology/approachThis is a multiple-case study of five Italian wine companies using BC to prevent counterfeiting.FindingsThis study finds that the desired level of upstream/downstream counterfeiting protection that a brand owner intends to guarantee to customers through BC is the key driver to consider in the design of BC systems. The study identifies which variables are relevant to the design of feeding and reading processes and explains how such variables can be modulated in accordance with the desired level of counterfeiting protection.Research limitations/implicationsThe cases investigated are Italian companies within the wine sector, and the BC projects analysed are in the pilot phase.Practical implicationsThe study provides practical suggestions to address the design of BC systems by identifying a set of key variables and explaining how to properly modulate them to face upstream/downstream counterfeiting.Originality/valueThis research applies a new perspective based on the situational crime prevention approach in studying how companies can design BC systems to effectively prevent counterfeiting. It explains how feeding and reading process options can be configured in BC systems to assure different degrees of counterfeiting protection.

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Mohammadi, Ahlam, and Zahra Abedinejad Mehrabadi. "Delinquency Prevention through Crime Conservation." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 7 (July 25, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n7p35.

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<p>Nowadays, the prevention of crime over the past are subjected to the judicial authorities seriously and criminal policy has adopted a set of measures to deal with criminal phenomenon that a part of the measures returns to situational prevention measures which seeks to limit the opportunities and situations causing offense and makes difficult to realize the criminal mind. Further, one of these strategies, protect and support the target of crime. In addition the community has not been achieved in take away of the mind and think of the people from crime and social prevention, perfectly. Therefore, we must think of the stockade after the realizing of the criminal act. Owing to one of the ways in which the transition from thought to action make difficult is strengthening the protection of crime targets so the aim of the choice of the current title is trying to realize to prevention from delinquency by protecting the target of crime. Moreover, research methodology is explanatory method using the library resources, the finding of the author of this study is that the organized protection of targets that are more vulnerable to crime will be an effective step towards restriction the crime. In conclusion this protection will be including outside the in-hand targets of criminals or exposed them in the public view, technical measures of protection of the homes and vehicles and other property, property marking, control of inputs and outputs, electronic protections such as video surveillance and protection from software data.</p>

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Hunn, Charlotte, Caroline Spiranovic, Jeremy Prichard, and Karen Gelb. "Why internet users’ perceptions of viewing child exploitation material matter for prevention policies." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865820903794.

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There are claims that the societal appetite for ‘child exploitation material’ is increasing. Yet, Australia’s policy response does not include initiatives to dissuade potential offenders from deliberately viewing child exploitation material for the first time (onset). To critically examine this issue, this paper draws on Situational Crime Prevention theory. It argues that (a) many first-time child exploitation material viewers fit the Situational Crime Prevention construct of the Opportunistic Offender and (b) suggests that current policy overlooks the kinds of non-instrumental factors that increase the risk of onset for this group, including doubts about the criminality and harmfulness of viewing child exploitation material. The paper then empirically examines social attitudes to child exploitation material viewing by presenting the findings of a survey of 504 Australian internet users. Results indicate that a sizeable minority of the participants were: unaware that it is a crime to view certain types of child exploitation material in Australia; and held doubts about the harmfulness of viewing child exploitation material. These findings are used to reflect on how the presence of these non-instrumental factors among ordinary internet users may affect the offending readiness of the Opportunistic Offender. Policy implications are then briefly discussed.

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Sohraby, Farzad, Hossein Habibitabar, and Mohammad Reza Masoudzade. "Money Laundering Crime and Its Situational Prevention in Iranian Law and International Law." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 7 (August 11, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n7p57.

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<p class="matn">Crime prevention is crucial to social life which necessitates the need for conducting criminology studies to identify the causes of the crime. In this paper, we focus on money laundering crime. First we discuss about money laundering crime in Iran’s penal system, and after presenting its criminological characteristics (transnational, organized and victimless), we review Iran’s legal system and the international conventions about this crime. Then, since major situational prevention measures against money laundering<strong> </strong>are related to the banks and financial institutions, we proposed some measures for financial institutions such as staff training, adjusting banking secrecy laws, monitoring money transfer, reporting large cash transactions, and reporting suspicious transactions. Results showed that Iran’s anti money laundering laws are in accordance with Merida convention, for example, in terms of identification, record-keeping and the reporting, but do not obligate the identification of customer when there is criminal evidence.</p>

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Batyrgareieva, V., and A. Babenko. "ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CRIMINAL SITUATION IN UKRAINE AS AN INFORMATION MODEL FOR DEVELOPING A STRATEGY TO REDUCE THE POSSIBILITY OF COMMITTING CRIMES." Archives of Criminology and Forensic Sciences 1 (April 16, 2020): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/acfs.1.2020.02.

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The complex process of developing effective measures covered by the strategy to reduce the possibility of committing crimes should be based on an objective information model of the existing criminal situation in the country. In turn, this information model includes, first, quantitative and qualitative indicators of crime, the main source of which is official criminal law statistics, and, secondly, contains information about the established by theoretical analysis determining the patterns of development and reproduction of criminal reality. At the same time, the task of this information model is to create predictive scenarios of possible options for further development of the criminal situation both in the country as a whole and in its individual regions. The purpose of this article is an in-depth analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the criminal situation in Ukraine over the past seven to eight years. Such an analysis of the main types of criminal manifestations allows us to determine the nature of modern crime, to identify the most unfavorable trends in its development. This analysis makes it possible to create a complete detailed information model of the existence and development of criminal manifestations in the country, which should always be taken into account when developing appropriate crime prevention strategies. This is the link between criminological theory and practice. During the research, the authors applied dialectical, comparative, analytical, statistical, and other methods of processing and analyzing statistical material that characterizes the state of crime in Ukraine. The study found that the difficult socio-economic and militarypolitical situation that has been observed in Ukraine in recent years has contributed to the emergence of a number of new trends in the criminal reality of our state. These new trends are reflected in the following: the structure of crime has changed dramatically due to the prevalence of so-called crimes of aggression (violent, self-serving and violent crime, crimes against personal freedom, public safety, etc.); the quality of crime indicators has deteriorated due to an increase in the proportion of serious and especially serious crimes; a number of new socially dangerous acts that were not previously considered crimes have appeared in the criminal code; law enforcement agencies register criminal acts in large numbers, as in the past they were not known to the Ukrainian society at all; and so on. In connection with the above, the main conclusion is made that the national criminological science faces the task of systematic monitoring of the development of the criminal situation in Ukraine in order to work out in advance effective ways and means to stabilize this unfavorable situation.

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