Dissertations / Theses: 'Situational crime prevention'

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Holland, Jill. "Creating safer communities : the value of situational crime prevention." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443223.

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Gibbs, Stephen. "Applying the theory and techniques of situational criminology to counterinsurgency operations reducing insurgency through situational prevention /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FGibbs.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Hy, Rothstein ; Second Reader: Freeman, Michael. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Situational prevention, criminology, environmental criminology, counterinsurgency, counterinsurgency operations, deterrence, crime prevention through environmental design, CPTED, security fence, Israeli security fence, operation cul-de - sac, OCDS, opportunity theory, opportunity structure, targets, tools, weapons, facilitating conditions Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available in print.

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Tekin, Derya. "An evaluation of situational crime prevention in football in Turkey." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.728676.

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The available literature on so-called hooliganism in Europe has been predominantly concerned with explanations in which football violence is assumed to be a manifestation of violent subcultures and with socially-orientated methods of prevention. Unlike the hegemonic theoretical approach in the field, this thesis is concerned with the formation of football-related crime, which it treats as a situated event, rather than criminality, which historically has been regarded as a social, biological or psychological phenomenon. By explicitly favouring the situational approach to crime prevention, the thesis provides an informative insight into how football-related crime prevention strategies are perceived and interpreted by intended targets, namely football fans, in Turkey. Symbolic interaction theory is employed as the assistant theoretical framework when making sense fans’ attitudes towards different situational crime prevention (SCP) techniques. The perspectives of the intended targets in relation to the relevant techniques are revealed through semi-structured interviews conducted with the representatives of the fan groups of Fenerbahge, one of the major football teams in Turkey. Using Fenerbahge as a single-case, the multiple and complex social realities underlying the reactions against and the attitudes towards football-related crime control in Turkey are explained and the core principles of the latest SCP model which are likely to improve fans’ perceptions are outlined. The interactionist approach also explains individual differences in provocation which is acknowledged as an important situational precipitator in relation to violent crime. The value of precipitator-control within the Turkish football context is accordingly revealed.

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Farina, Katie A. "The effects of situational crime prevention on crime and fear among college campuses and students." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1691866981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Christensen, Warren. "Nipped in the bud : a situational crime prevention approach to the prevention of bushfire arson /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19432.pdf.

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Gilmour, Nicholas John. "Improving the prevention of money laundering in the United Kingdom : a situational crime prevention approach." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/improving-the-prevention-of-money-laundering-in-the-united-kingdom(8ca206d0-fc37-469e-8717-653eb68b41c3).html.

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The aim of this research study was to build upon the continuing interest around the applicability of situational crime prevention to tackle many forms of crime, including organised crimes. Using money laundering as the specific crime type, this study focused on two specific methods, namely cash intensive businesses and the purchasing of high value portable commodities to determine whether situational crime prevention could improve or enhance current preventative measures within the United Kingdom.

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Unal, Mehmet. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Cross-Border Heroin Trafficking in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258476034.

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Akbas, Halil. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Female Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258724618.

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HURLEY, DAVID C. "CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION: THE CINCNNATI EXPERIENCE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1043678850.

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Leontiadis, Nektarios. "Structuring Disincentives for Online Criminals." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/454.

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This thesis considers the structural characteristics of online criminal networks from a technical and an economic perspective. Through large-scale measurements, we empirically describe some salient elements of the online criminal infrastructures, and we derive economic models characterizing the associated monetization paths enabling criminal profitability. This analysis reveals the existence of structural choke points: components of online criminal operations being limited in number, and critical for the operations’ profitability. Consequently, interventions targeting such components can reduce the opportunities and incentives to engage in online crime through an increase in criminal operational costs, and in the risk of apprehension. We define a methodology describing the process of distilling the knowledge gained from the empirical measurements on the criminal infrastructures towards identifying and evaluating appropriate countermeasures. We argue that countermeasures, as defined in the context of situational crime prevention, can be effective for a long-term reduction in the occurrence of online crime.

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Yuen, Chi-kin Luke, and 阮子健. "Situational crime prevention and residential burglary: a study in the New Territories (North) region in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978253.

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Ivsjö, Clara, and Maria Haglöf. ""I den bästa av världar skulle man haft ännu mer samarbete, hela tiden" : En kvalitativ studie om nybyggnation av en stadsdelspark ur ett brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Kriminologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33061.

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Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur samarbetet sett ut mellan olika aktörer, när det gäller att skapa en stadsdelpark. Detta ur ett brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande perspektiv. Även att undersöka hur det brottsförebyggande- och trygghetsskapande perspektivet balanseras med det estetiska. Material från semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelaktörer samt dokument som rör processen har legat till grund för en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Den teoretiska ramen vi har använt är rutinaktivitetsteorin, situationell brottsprevention samt CPTED. Resultatet visade att samarbetet mellan parterna inte var närvarande i urspungsplaneringen. Vidare belyser alla inblandade att detta kan ses som en lärdom till framtida projekt, då det möjligen hade mynnat ut i ett annat utförande av parken i vissa avseenden. Komplexiteten i att balansera brottsförebyggande och estetiska åtgärder synliggörs, och man kan se är att de åtgärder som nu sätts in är för att åtgärda problem som uppstått. Vilket möjligen kunde förebyggts om det beaktats i planeringen.
The purpose of our study has been to examine, from a crime prevention- and safety perspective, the cooperation between key-actors in creating an urban park. Material from semi-structured interviews with key- actors as well as documents relating to the process have been the basis for a qualitative content analysis. The theoretical framework we have used is routine activity theory, situational crime prevention and CPTED. The result showed that cooperation between the parties was not present in the initial planning. Furthermore, everyone involved emphasizes that it could be a lesson for future projects, which possibly could have resulted in another embodiment of the park in some respects. The complexity of balancing crime prevention and aesthetic measures is highlighted, and the action that is now being taken are to address problems that have arisen. Which could possibly have been prevented if it had been considered in the planning.

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Yuen, Chi-kin Luke. "Situational crime prevention and residential burglary : a study in the New Territories (North) region in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1864983X.

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Longshore, David M. N. "The principles of prevention and the development of the prevention triangle model for the evaluation of terrorism prevention." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FLongshore.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Defense and Security))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Christopher Bellavita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-69). Also available online.

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Grove, Louise E. "Synergies of syntheses : a comparison of systematic review and scientific realist evaluation methods for crime prevention." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6756.

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This thesis makes two significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge within crime prevention. The first of these is to evaluate the success of repeat victimisation prevention interventions. Interventions across four crime types are assessed herein, and the context-mechanisms-outcome configurations examined. The second contribution of this thesis is to assess two techniques of meta-evaluation: systematic reviews and realist syntheses. Each of these techniques is used in turn to assess the repeat victimisation prevention interventions. The contribution of each technique to the knowledge pool is then discussed, and the question of whether they are complementary or contradictory approaches answered. The thesis is framed in the context of evolutionary epistemology, which is the philosophy underpinning both approaches to meta-evaluation addressed herein. The thesis starts, with an examination of: firstly, how the evaluation methods in question have evolved, and the background to their scientific worth; and secondly, how situational crime prevention measures have evolved over time. The thesis then examines the two competing approaches for their contribution to the evaluation ecosystem by using both to assess repeat victimisation prevention interventions. Finally, the last section poses the question of whether it is survival of the fittest, or whether co-existence or adaptation could be the key to survival for these two meta-evaluative methodologies. Repeat victimisation prevention is revealed as an effective way of reducing crime, with a need for further research to apply the principle across further crime types. A requirement is identified for a greater breadth and depth of information to be included in future crime prevention evaluations. The systematic review is shown to be a useful way of assessing the overall effectiveness of the interventions, whilst the realist synthesis fills in the detail of why some interventions work and others fail. It is concluded that both approaches to meta-evaluation have useful contributions to make, and that a third way incorporating the best elements from each method should be developed.

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Baratto, Gabriele. "The role of social media in the illegal online trade of medicines. An evaluation of situational crime prevention measures." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243019.

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In recent years, social media websites have been used by offenders to advertise illegally traded medicines (ITMs) directly to customers on a large scale. Recently, new situational crime prevention (SCP) measures aimed at identifying, blocking and removing contents linked to ITMs have been implemented by most of the social media platforms. This seems to be a promising path to follow in the fight against this criminal market: however, their ability in reaching their goal is still unknown. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the impact of those measures on the illegal online trade of medicines in social media websites. In more detail, systematic keyword searches were performed on the three major social media (i.e. Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram) in order to identify contents linked to ITMs: results were then analysed and compared to the situation existing before the implementation of the measures with reference to six qualitative indicators. These indicators are a) extent of the social media usage in the illegal online trade of medicines, b) ease of finding ITMs, c) visibility over time of ITMs-related contents, d) language of posts concerning ITMs, and e) types of posts concerning ITMs. Research results have provided evidence supporting the hypothesis of the limited impact of the measures, since they are spotting, blocking and removing only some illegal contents. At the same time, the features of the advertisements for ITMs on social networking websites are only partially different if compared to those existing before the implementation of the SCP interventions. Seemingly this is not linked to a lack of effectiveness tout court, but to an asymmetrical implementation of the measures. For this reason, a possible, legally binding, obligation for social media platforms to implement them more widely is suggested.

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Chavez, Nicholas Marshall. "CAN WE LEARN FROM HACKERS TO PROTECT VICTIMS?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/690.

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This project examines the protection methods suggested by hackers to guard against online victimization through the lens of Situation Crime Prevention. Data were collected from 85 webpages representing three categories of electronic communications: forums, blogs, and fan pages. The goal of this project was to identify which of the 25 opportunity reduction techniques the hacking community recommend most often, as well as, what level of expertise was associated with the suggested security measures. Results indicate that the technique most recommended by the hacking community was to remove targets with 27% of the total codings. From the results three themes were found: (1) most recommendations are such that implementing the strategies would serve to protect against opportunistic, low-skilled attacks; (2) most recommendations could be considered routine precautions, that when bundled, would secure most people against cyber-theft; and finally, (3) the Situational Crime Prevention framework was not fully realized because much of cyber-theft does not involve direct victim-perpetrator interactions. From these three themes policy recommendation and limitations are presented as well as avenues for future research.

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Hardie, Beth Nicole. "Why monitoring doesn't always matter : the situational role of parental monitoring in adolescent crime." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269284.

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Parental monitoring of settings is not always relevant for the prevention of adolescent crime because adolescents with strong personal moral rules and the ability to exercise self control are unlikely to offend even when they are unsupervised and know that their parents have little knowledge about their activities. Parental monitoring, commonly operationalised as parental supervision or parental knowledge, is often shown to have a negative relationship with crime involvement. However, research often ignores both the mechanism by which these relationships occur and the conditions under which they might (and might not) be found. This thesis uses specialist Space-Time Budget data (from the Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study) to allow the comparison of adolescent crime rates in settings characterised by the of convergence of i) the physical presence or absence of parents and other guardians, ii) the psychological presence or absence of parents (represented by adolescent-perceived generalised parental knowledge of the circumstances of unsupervised activity) and iii) personal crime propensity (moral rules and ability to exercise self control). The conclusion derived from the results is that the physical presence of parents and other guardians in settings reduces the rate of adolescent crime committed in those settings; and the psychological presence of parents reduces the criminogenic impact of unsupervised time. Crucially however, these effects of parental monitoring are almost irrelevant for adolescents with a lower personal crime propensity, who are not likely to offend in settings irrespective of the physical or psychological absence of parents and other guardians. These findings provide support for person-environment interactions inherent in the causal model of Situational Action Theory, and provide a novel addition to evidence that could be used in future to inform policy-relevant recommendations concerning parenting behaviour and adolescent offending. Although this thesis provides new evidence about the relationship between parental monitoring and crime, the bulk of its contribution is relevant to a much wider audience. It contributes to the debate on approaches to the study of crime and crime prevention, adds clarity to key concepts and develops theoretical arguments in the field of parental monitoring and crime, develops a novel application of Situational Action Theory, extends theoretical and methodological discussions surrounding situational analysis, applies novel data and analytical methods to the study of the psychological and physical presence of guardians, generates and situates unique findings about the situational role of aspects of parental monitoring and crime, and makes some policy recommendations and suggestions about the nature and direction of future research.

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Gomes, Alexandra Rodrigues. "A influência da iluminação nos crimes contra estabelecimentos comerciais." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5325.

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Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Criminologia
Com a evolução das sociedades, a iluminação tornou-se algo imprescindível para a sensação de segurança do ser humano. Esta condiciona a utilização humana do espaço e os comportamentos dos transeuntes. O senso comum diz que as artérias mal iluminadas são mais perigosas em relação às bem iluminadas, acabando por serem evitadas pela grande maioria das pessoas devido ao medo de se tornarem vítimas de algum tipo de crime. Contudo, esta associação não se encontra bem documentada do ponto de vista empírico e científico, onde a parca literatura nada refere quanto à existência de uma relação causa-efeito. Muitos dos crimes ocorrem durante o período noturno, porque as artérias se encontram desertas e não existem as medidas de prevenção situacional necessárias à prevenção do crime. Este estudo foca-se na existência de uma associação entre a fraca iluminação das artérias e os crimes contra estabelecimentos comerciais.
With the evolution of societies lighting has become something essential for the sense of security of being human. This conditions the human use of space and behaviors of passersby. Common sense dictates that the poorly lit streets are more dangerous in relation to well-lit ones, so the vast majority of people avoid them due to fear of becoming a victim of some kind of crime. However, this association is not well documented in an empirical and scientific point of view, where the lack of literature is silent on the existence of a cause-effect relationship . Many of the crimes occur during the night, because the arteries are empty and the situational crime prevention measures necessary to prevent the crime doesn’t exist. This study focuses on the existence of an association between the poor-lit streets and crimes against stores.

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Flysjö, Lars. "A script analysis of organized crime in the Swedish construction industry." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-41840.

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Background: Organized crime and the construction industry in relation to prevention and theoretical perspectives are understudied areas. Aims and method: This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of organized and financial crime in the Swedish construction industry and map the blind spots for control mechanisms and crime prevention. The purpose is to identify the structure of opportunities for organized crime in the Swedish construction industry through crime script analysis. Results: Two generalizable scripts following a similar modus operandi emerged, the “corporate looting” script and the “invoice factory” script. The peripheral involvement of organized crime groups indicates that there is a point in distinguishing between the actors and actions. Conclusions: Interventions should target intermediaries, earlier stages, and situations where the script enters the legal market. Further integration of macro-level analysis with crime script analysis can contribute to the formulation of effective crime prevention strategies.

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Hartman, Hampus. "Fear of Crime- Among Business Representatives and how it is Affected Through the Security Measures of the Business." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25339.

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This study examines how fear of crime is altered in regards to crime-preventive strategies and programs among individuals within businesses. The study also investigates whether perceived risk, previous victimization, and demographics influence the individuals within the businesses fear of crime against their businesses. Based on a theoretical discussion derived from the Vulnerability Perspective, Indirect and Direct Experience with Crime, Ecological Perspective, and the Situational Crime Prevention perspective, this study assesses how individuals within businesses fear of crime affects the business crime-preventive strategies and programs, and vice versa. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with high level participants and business owners from different industries. It is concluded that the general fear of crime among the interviewees businesses are considered as none, or very low. Most security measures in regards to these types of crimes are used because of standards, rather than influenced by fear. However, some security measured have had been established and altered because of previous victimization. The most fear inducing crimes among the interviewees were those types of crimes which involved intoxicated offenders, where violent outcomes with regards to the employees were considered to be high. Only the high risk businesses representatives had this type of fear, because of prior direct victimization. In some regards, the security measures used by the businesses provide the business representatives with the feeling of being in control, which causes the levels of fear of crime to be low. Another reason for the low level of fears among the business representatives is that the crimes committed towards their organizations are not seen as a personal victimization; instead it is regarded to be frustrating, as it causes economic damages and more work. It also appears that the more vulnerable the business is to become victimized by crime, the more security measures are applied.

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Hazanov, Julia, and Sara Elfström. "Högdalens bibliotek som mötesplats : En studie om trygghet med utgångspunkt i besökares och personals upplevelser." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298535.

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Lack of safety is a problem in many public places in society, including libraries, where disturbances of order and crime are common problems. Perhaps, many people experience the library as a quiet and safe place, without quarrels, vandalism, violence, theft, or harassment, yet all these are recurring problems in libraries. This study is carried out to clarify factors that cause the lack of safety in libraries and to develop measures to counteract these factors. The survey is conducted as a case study of Högdalen library, where the purpose of the study is to understand how the environment at the library affects the safety of the place, based on the visitors' and personnel's safety experiences. In order to get answers to the study's main research question – that is, how visitors and personnel experience the safety at Högdalen library – a questionnaire survey was conducted, answered by 43 library visitors, as well as interviews with four people from the library's personnel. The study also includes an examination and a compilation of statistics from troublesome events that occurred at the library between the years 2017 and 2020 to further – together with the questionnaire survey and interviews – get answers to what problems are most common in the library today. The hope is that the questionnaire survey, the interviews, the statistics, and the study's theoretical and literature basis will provide answers to how crime prevention through environmental design can be used as a reference to improve safety at Högdalen library. The study is delimited and does not include any comparison between Högdalen library and other libraries concerning the safety experience. The results show that visitors and personnel have a positive image of the safety experience at Högdalen library. Most of the questionnaire respondents (83,7 %) have not experienced any situation that has developed the feeling of unsafety, while the personnel, instead, believe that incidents that have been experienced as troublesome have increased their awareness and experiences of how such situations can be handled, and further increased their motivation to strive for a safe environment for all library visitors. Although the above results show a positive safety experience at Högdalen library, a minor number of visitors (16,3 %) experience, or have experienced, the feeling of unsafety in the library's premises. These experiences of unsafety are based on cases linked to disturbances of order, harassment, drugs, or property crimes, but also problems with obstacles, ability to orientate and lines of sight. The personnel also highlight that some troublesome situations – associated with, for example, youth groups and addicts – have contributed to increased stress and a feeling of discomfort, which subsequently has affected their well-being in the workplace. However, it is important to remember that all people experience safety differently, and that a complete elimination of unsafety can thus be difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, it is vital to make every attempt to prevent the existing risks as much as possible.
Otrygghet är ett problem på många offentliga platser i samhället, däribland bibliotek, där både ordningsstörningar och brott är förekommande problem. Förmodligen upplever många människor biblioteket som en lugn och trygg plats, utan bråk, skadegörelser, våld, stöld, eller trakasserier, ändock är alla dessa återkommande problem på bibliotek. Den här studien genomförs med förhoppningen att klara ut orsakerna till otryggande faktorer på bibliotek, och i bästa fall ta fram åtgärder för att motverka dessa faktorer. Undersökningen görs i form av en fallstudie av Högdalens bibliotek, där syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse för hur miljön på biblioteket påverkar tryggheten på platsen utifrån besökares och personals trygghetsupplevelser. I syfte att få svar på studiens huvudsakliga forskningsfråga – alltså hur besökare och personal upplever tryggheten på Högdalens bibliotek – görs en enkätundersökning besvarad av 43 biblioteksbesökare, samt intervjuer med fyra personer från bibliotekets personal. Studien innefattar därtill en granskning och sammanställning av statistik från besvärande händelser som inträffat på biblioteket mellan åren 2017 och 2020 för att vidare, tillsammans med enkätundersökningen och intervjuerna, få svar på vilka problem som är mest förekommande på biblioteket idag. Förhoppningen är att enkätundersökningen, intervjuerna, statistiken och studiens teori- och litteraturunderlag ska ge svar på hur brottsprevention genom urban design kan användas som referens för att förbättra tryggheten på Högdalens bibliotek. Studien är avgränsad och innefattar inte någon jämförelse mellan Högdalens bibliotek och andra bibliotek i avseende på trygghetsupplevelsen. Studiens resultat visar att besökare och personal har en positiv bild av trygghetsupplevelsen på Högdalens bibliotek. Majoriteten av enkätrespondenterna (83,7 %) har inte upplevt någon situation som frambringat känslan av otrygghet, medan personalen i stället menar att händelser som upplevts besvärande har ökat deras kunskaper och erfarenheter om hur sådana situationer kan hanteras, samt vidare ökat deras motivation att sträva efter en trygg miljö för alla biblioteks- besökare. Trots att ovannämnda resultat visar en positiv trygghetsupplevelse på Högdalens bibliotek finns det ett mindre antal besökare (16,3 %) som upplever, eller har upplevt, känslan av otrygghet i bibliotekets lokaler. Dessa otrygghetsupplevelser grundar sig på fall kopplat till ordningsstörningar, trakasserier, narkotika eller egendomsbrott, men också problem med hinder, orienteringsmöjligheter och siktlinjer. Personalen belyser också att vissa besvärande situationer – förknippat med exempelvis ungdomsgrupper och missbrukare – har bidragit med ökad stress och en känsla av obehag, vilket fortsättningsvis påverkat deras välbefinnande på arbetsplatsen. Det är dock viktigt att komma ihåg att alla människor upplever trygghet på olika sätt, och att en fullständig eliminering av otrygghet således kan vara svårt att uppnå – men det är trots detta betydelsefullt att i största möjliga grad försöka förebygga de risker som finns.

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Johnsson, Caroline, and Kriv Ado. "Ordningsvakter på Möllevångstorget : En studie om ordningsvakter som förebyggande åtgärd." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42539.

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Studien har ett tvådelat syfte. Först ämnar studien undersöka utifrån vilka förutsättningar det tagits beslut om att implementera kommunala ordningsvakter att patrullera på och kring Möllevångstorget i Malmö, vidare att undersöka vilka mål och förväntningar involverade aktörer har på insatsen. Syftet är också att undersöka upplevelsen av ordningsstörningar och trygghet och slutligen uppfattning om ordningsvakter bland personer som besöker Möllevångstorget. För att uppnå studiens första syfte genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelinformanter, urvalet bestod av sju personer. För att uppnå det andra syftet genomfördes i första hand strukturerade intervjuer med personer som vistades på platsen, i andra hand erbjöds de en webbenkät. 42 personer deltog på en strukturerad intervju och 18 personer besvarade webbenkäten. Det framkom genom de semistrukturerade intervjuerna att narkotikaförsäljning och otrygghet är ett stort problem i området. Målet är framför allt att tryggheten ska öka i samband med LOV§3-insatsen. Det önskades också att det finns en väl fungerande samverkan mellan aktörer som kan bidra till att brottsligheten och otryggheten minskar, att inte enbart förlita sig på att ordningsvakter löser alla problem. Resultatet från de strukturerade intervjuerna/webbenkäten visar att klotter och öppen drogförsäljning är de ordningsstörningar som upplevs förekomma mest frekvent. Tryggheten på platsen förefaller vara relativt hög med viss variation vad gäller tidpunkt, då oro att utsättas för brott är högre under kvällstid. Slutligen visar studien att förtroende kan vara av betydelse för hur effektiva ordningsvakter uppfattas vara.
The study has a twofold purpose, the first is to investigate the conditions on which decisions have been made to implement municipal security guards to patrol around and on Möllevångstorget in Malmö. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate goals and expectations the involved actors have on the current operation. The purpose of the study is also to investigate the experience of disorder and fear of crime and lastly the perception regarding security guards, among people who visits Möllevångstorget. To achieve the first purpose of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, the sample consisted of seven people. To achieve the second purpose of the study, primarily structured interviews were conducted and secondly a web survey was offered. 42 people participated in a structured interview and 18 people answered the web survey. What emerged from the semi-structured interviews indicates that drug sales and fear of crime is a common issue in the area. Furthermore, the main goal is for the security to increase in connection with the LOV§3 operation. It was also desired that there is a well-functioning collaboration between actors that can contribute to reducing crime and fear of crime, and not to rely solely on security guards solving all problems. The results from the structured interviews/ web survey indicate that graffiti and open drug sales are disorders that are perceived to occur most frequently. The fear of crime in the area appears to be relatively low with certain variations in terms of time, as fear about being exposed to crime is higher in the evening. Finally, the study shows that trust can be important for how effective security guards are perceived to be.

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24

Steenkamp, Ilana. "The Safer [D]urban Core: An exploration of urban safety and the use of situational crime prevention in the inner-city of Durban, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13070.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis explores the notions of safety and the usage of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design methods for creating safer spaces within cities. The project examines the inner city of Durban specifically, grappling with the issues of crime and grime and the perceptions of the city as a space of vulnerability. The project examines the historical and current context of Durban with regards to perceptions held about the inner city. The Project then delves into the links between crime and the city and examines the extremities of crime within South Africa and Durban. It then turns to a study of crime and place theories which attempt to explain the connections between the offender, the targets and the location in which crimes take place. Particular attention is paid to possible implications for urban form. The thesis also investigates various ways in which Durban’s landowners, developers and residents have attempted to create islands of safety throughout the city, after which international and local examples of urban crime prevention are discussed. From these theories and case studies, a few principles are highlighted as guidelines for producing safer spaces. An exploration of design strategies follows. The city is analysed according to a set of elements of the city or a layering of the city on the scale of the Central Business District. This is then taken into a proposal for development. A precinct scale analysis investigates the finer details of Pickering precinct, an area notorious for criminal activity. Such detailed explorations of the built fabric are not possible at the scale of the city, but have an impact on smaller urban acupuncture proposals on a street segment scale. A number of routes that run through the precinct are then explored in terms of potential adjustments to the built fabric, in order to support pedestrian activity and safety along the routes. This project illustrates an alternative approach to creating safe spaces within the urban environment of Durban. Through providing a safe urban core, the city can allow for positive interactions to take place within common spaces and hence fulfil the role that cities have to play in fostering growth in society.

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Abraham, Jonatan. "Assessing the threats against rural Sweden : An exploration of crimes against Swedish farmers related to animal production." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278518.

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In the discourse of crime and place, the focus has rarely fallen on rural crime. While experiencing comparably lower crime levels than urban counterparts, the common association with rural areas as being symbols of peace and friendly social interaction is not necessarily accurate. One group that often are thought of as inherently rural is farmers, who’s workplaces may possess certain unique vulnerabilities to crime compared to other locations. This thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the threats against farmers related to animal production in a Swedish context, adding to the knowledge base regarding rural crime and sustainable development of rural and urban areas. The objectives of the study are: • to investigate the nature of the victimization of farmers devoted to animal production in Sweden, especially related the situational conditions of farms and rural areas. • to explore new data that could be used to approximate the scale of the threats against farmers using data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. This study reports types, frequency, and location of crimes against animal production with a focus on mink, rabbit and pig farms. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to report the geography of these offences at municipal level. The theories of the routine activity approach and situational crime prevention are used to try to explain certain conditions that may facilitate crime on farms, while the offenders are explored using the theory on techniques of neutralization. The findings of the study show that the experience of the chosen actor’s varied greatly, but with crimes such as trespassing, vandalism and theft being common types of offenses across the board. The locations of the crime events were focused in the southern to mid of Sweden. Situational conditions that may have facilitated crime includes: the large size of farms and low population density providing low detection of crime, high value targets, and relatively high accessibility to the farms. From the data, mainly three techniques of neutralization were observed to be utilized: denial of the victim, denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties. Multiple techniques were observed to be utilized together, while simultaneously exploiting situational conditions to facilitate the neutralization.

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Gliori, Gabriel. "Under vilka omständigheter förekommer försäljning av cannabis? : En fältstudie i Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301665.

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Cannabis är den vanligaste illegala drogen i Sverige, och dess konsumtion är ständigt växande. De senaste årens massiva ökning av dödsskjutningar tros vara ett resultat av konflikter mellan kriminella nätverk i fråga om just cannabisförsäljning. För att ta itu med dessa problem måste vi först lära oss mer om de platser där hantering av cannabis sker, i synnerhet försäljning. Den här studien ämnar ge en inblick i hur de här platserna ser ut, vad som kännetecknar dem, och varför just dessa blir utvalda för drogrelaterade aktiviteter, med målet att formulera förslag på hur de kan utformas så att försäljningen av cannabis förebyggs. Studien utfördes genom fältarbete och tillämpandet av ett särskilt fältprotokoll där variabler avsedda att beskriva förhållanden i miljön bedömdes. Dataunderlaget kom från polisens register över arresteringar för misstanke om överlåtelse av cannabis under åren 2019–2020. Vad som kan sägas är att en typisk plats låg i ett bostadsområde med flervåningshus, avskild från stora folkmassor och trafik, öppen med god sikt, och med god tillgänglighet. De erhållna resultaten analyserades sedan i relation till kriminologiska teorier, i syfte att skapa en större förståelse om varför brotten inträffar just där. För att kunna förhindra cannabishandeln på dessa platser har lösningsförslag baserade på principer i CPTED-strategin framförts. Dessa gäller bland annat ökad övervakning från byggnader runtomkring samt att ta upp kampen om det sociala rummet genom att skapa en känsla av ökad territorialitet på platserna. Rapporten avslutas med en utvärdering av den nyttjade metoden samt en diskussion om komplexiteten i att lösa problemen enkom genom åtgärder i stadsmiljön, då det finns en rad andra faktorer som spelar in. Det vi samhällsplanerare kan erbjuda är lösningsalternativ som må stävja brottsligheten, men i slutändan är det individer som väljer att begå dessa kriminella handlingar.
Cannabis is the most common illegal drug in Sweden, and its consumption is constantly increasing. The massive rise in fatal shootings in recent years is believed to be a result of conflicts between criminal networks regarding cannabis sales. To address these issues, we must first learn more about the places in which cannabis occurs, particularly dealing. This study aims to provide an insight into what these places look like, what characterizes them, and why these are selected for drug-related activities, with the aim of offering suggestions on how they could be designed to prevent the dealing of cannabis. The study was carried out through fieldwork and the utilization of a special fieldwork protocol in which variables intended to describe conditions in the environment were assessed. The data came from police records of arrests for suspicions of selling cannabis during the years 2019– 2020. What can be said is that a typical place was in a residential area with multi-storey buildings, separated from large crowds and traffic, open with good visibility, and with good accessibility. The results obtained were then analyzed in relation to criminological theories, to create a greater understanding of why the crimes occur right there. In order to prevent the cannabis dealing in these places, proposed solutions have been put forward based on principles in the CPTED strategy. These include increased surveillance from surrounding buildings and taking up the fight about the social space by creating a sense of increased territoriality in the places. The report ends with an evaluation of the method used and a discussion about the complexity of solving the problems solely through measures in the urban environment, as there are a number of other factors that come into play. What we urban planners can offer are alternative solutions that may curb crime, but in the end, it is individuals who decide to commit these criminal acts.

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Gormand, Guillaume. "L’évaluation des politiques publiques de sécurité : résultats et enseignements de l’étude d’un programme de vidéosurveillance de la Ville de Montpellier." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAD014/document.

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Le développement de la vidéosurveillance en France depuis les années 1990 révèle une évolution atypique. Cette opportunité technique portée par l’innovation technologique s’est tout d’abord fermement inscrite dans un violent débat, confrontant des positionnements idéologiques favorables ou opposés à la charge symbolique que véhiculait la vidéosurveillance. Finalement, grâce à des campagnes convergentes de légitimation que cette thèse décrit, les caméras de surveillance ont progressivement été affranchies de leur image liberticide pour durablement s’inscrire dans les programmes locaux de sécurité ainsi que dans les politiques publiques nationales. Cependant, après plus de deux décennies d’installations et d’extensions de réseaux de vidéosurveillance sur la voie publique, il n’existait, avant ce travail de recherche, aucune étude scientifique des contributions de cette technologie à la sécurisation d’un territoire.Avant toute chose, une contextualisation, nationale et locale, du succès de cet outil sociotechnique permet une mise en perspective de l’opportunité d’une démarche d’évaluation de politique publique pour éprouver la vidéosurveillance. Ce travail préalable révèle l’état des études françaises relatives au développement des caméras de surveillance et examine les méthodes d’évaluation disponibles.Le cœur de cette recherche interroge une promotion de la vidéosurveillance qui semble dépourvue de tout fondement rationnel, en rapportant les enseignements et résultats issus d’une démarche d’évaluation d’un programme d’extension de caméras de surveillance dans une grande commune française : Montpellier. Volontairement détaché des questionnements autour de la préservation des libertés individuelles, le travail réalisé se concentre sur l’identification et l’emploi d’une formule permettant l’examen de la vidéosurveillance et sur la justification des résultats obtenus sur un terrain spécifique. Pour cela, la recherche de terrain, conduite entre 2012 et 2015 dans le cadre d’une convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (CIFRE), a donc consisté à mettre en pratique une importante collecte de données encadrée par un protocole rigoureux.Ce travail interroge aussi la place de l’évaluation des politiques publiques de sécurité en France, en proposant une approche originale ouverte aux doctrines internationales. Conscient de l’opposition des méthodes expérimentales et réalistes, cette thèse suggère une voie de conciliation de ces deux écoles. Elle propose pour cela un protocole respectant les standards de la Campbell Collaboration mis en parallèle d’une interprétation des données guidée par la doctrine réaliste de l’évaluation.Après avoir établi la rigueur de la méthode déployée, cette recherche présente des conclusions argumentées quant à la contribution de la vidéosurveillance à la sécurité publique d’un territoire. Les résultats de l’évaluation s’attardent principalement à démontrer la pertinence du positionnement légal de la vidéosurveillance comme un dispositif de prévention situationnelle de la délinquance.Au final, après avoir exposé la validité interne et externe des résultats obtenus, la thèse interroge le paradoxe de la diffusion d’un outil qui paraît insensible à sa remise en cause pragmatique. Car malgré des résultats fiables quant à une contribution finalement négligeable de la vidéosurveillance à la sécurisation d’espaces publics, il semble que la croissance de cet outil repose sur une pernicieuse synergie de rationalités hétérogènes que la présente thèse tâche de décrire
The growth of CCTV deployment in France since the 90’s has shown interesting developments. . In the beginning, this result of technological progress is in violent opposition to ideological positions that see cameras only as a symbol. After some a period of time, due to a legitimation campaign that this thesis describes, surveillance cameras were emancipated from there liberticidal vision and were for a long time used in local and national security policy. Meanwhile, after more than two decades of their widespread use by local governments, there was never in France any reliable demonstration of the effectiveness of CCTV against crime in public areas. Therefore, present research interrogates this irrational promotion of CCTV while presenting results and implications of an empirical study on French local policy developing public surveillance webs in Montpellier.First of all, a description of national and local contexts will justify the usefulness and opportunity of CCTV policy assessment. This part of the thesis points to the lack of crime prevention policy evaluation in France and the lack of investigation into the methods that are available.Thereafter, the keystone of this thesis is the description of an empirical experiment conducted in Montpellier between 2012 and 2015 in a tripartite convention associating local government, a research centre and a PhD student. Voluntarily detached from the discussions surrounding the protection of individual rights, the author focuses on how CCTV results can be observed and measured, and what were these results in a particular research field.Relying on the first scientific assessment of a public CCTV program in France, this thesis explains the method, the difficulty and the results of impact measurements and assessment. The data collected provides reliable findings on the contributions of a CCTV system against problems of crime in France.This work also clarifies the situation of evaluation practices on crime prevention programs in France. Aware of some shortcomings in this field, the author draws on North American and British methods to support his approach. Influenced both by the rigor of Campbell collaboration standards and the relevance of the realist approach, the author proposes a method to combine these two opposing doctrines of evaluation.Finally, after examining the internal and external validity of the evaluation results, this thesis reveals that CCTV development seems insensitive to its pragmatic questioning. Despite reliable results demonstrating a marginal contribution of CCTV cameras against crime in public areas, the success of this tool seems to rely on a pernicious mechanics that the present thesis attempts to describe

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Ede, Andrew, and andrew ede@premiers qld gov au. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police." Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.114721.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.

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Benbouzid, Bilel. "La prévention situationnelle : genèse et développement d’une science pratique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20057/document.

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La prévention situationnelle représente aujourd’hui dans de nombreux pays un secteur de recherche stratégique de la lutte contre le crime. Apparue au milieu des années 1970 au sein du laboratoire de recherche du ministère de l’intérieur britannique, cette nouvelle spécialité a pris la forme d’une ingénierie dont l’objectif est de développer des solutions techniques empêchant le passage à l'acte des délinquants, par une intervention sur les situations particulières lors desquelles des délits semblables sont commis ou pourraient l'être (cambriolage, vol de véhicule, vandalisme, etc.). Ce que l’on appelle désormais la « science du crime » se fonde sur l’assemblage d’une pluralité de savoirs pratiques, évolue entre des laboratoires de recherche et des secteurs professionnels variés (police, urbanistes, etc.), s’appuie sur des modalités d’administration de la preuve qui passent par la déduction mathématique (modélisation statistique) et intègre ses inventions théoriques dans des innovations sociotechniques (des dispositifs de prévention et de réduction des risques). Cette thèse retrace le développement de la prévention situationnelle en se déplaçant dans l’espace et le temps afin d’atteindre les lieux de sa fabrication et de rentrer dans l’intimité des controverses à travers lesquelles elle prend forme. En décrivant cette science du crime en train de se faire - des laboratoires gouvernementaux jusqu’à sa standardisation technique dans les instances de normalisation européenne, en passant par les politiques de recherche et le travail d’instrumentation - nous rendons visibles toutes les entités (théories, chercheurs, gouvernement, instruments, catégories statistiques, modèles de risque, délinquants, victimes, normes techniques, etc.) auxquelles la prévention situationnelle s’attache et se détache. Nous montrons ainsi que les liens concrets tissés entre les chercheurs et leurs différents alliés vont bien au-delà des relations entre les personnes. Ils vont jusqu’à toucher le contenu même de la prévention situationnelle. Au final, il s’agit de représenter la prévention situationnelle sous la forme d’un collectif assumant sa responsabilité politique
In many countries today, situational crime prevention is a strategic research sector in the battle against crime. Originating within the Home Office Research Unit in the UK during the mid 1970s, this ‘new technology’ has the purpose of developing crime prevention solutions by intervening in situations where crime commonly occurs. What has now come to be called “crime science” is based on an array of practical knowledge, evolves between research laboratories and various professional sectors (police, town planning, etc.), uses evidence-based research, and implements its theoretical discoveries in socio-technical innovations (prevention and risk reduction systems). This thesis retraces the development of situational crime prevention technology to have a closer look at the controversies from which it takes its shape. By describing this crime science-in-the-making, from state laboratories and international policy transfers, from research studies and instrumentation, we reveal all the entities (researchers, government, theories, instruments, statistical classes, risk models, offenders, victims, technical standards, etc.) to which situational crime prevention has become tied, and untied. Thus, we demonstrate that concrete links weaved between researchers and their different allies go far beyond personal relationships, touching the very core of the technology. As such, situational crime prevention is constituted as a collective, political entity

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Liu, Szuyu, and 劉思妤. "Night Market Pickpocket and It's Situational Crime Prevention." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82502144221742330118.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
99
This study adopts the situational crime prevention to probe into situational factors of the pickpocket in the night market, investigating Taipei Sheda Night Market and Shilin Night Market. By collecting and organizing the literature, frames and methods of the study are established. Via exploratory participate observations and semi-structure interviews, the researcher integrates the viewpoints of victims in two night markets, stall vendors, police officers as well as committee members of the night market, analyzes results of observations, and suggests prevention strategies. According to results of the analysis and proofs of the theory, this study discovers that crime effort and crime risks are the most serious factors influencing the pickpocket in the night market. These two serious factors belong to two of the five dimensions of situational crime prevention. As for crime effort, six conclusions are mentioned as follows. A) Streets of the night market are too narrow. B) Routes of the pedestrians are bad. C) The density of people is very high. D) People don’t have a good habit of carrying bags. E) People don’t pay attention to the surrounding. F) People don’t keep an eye on their personal belongings. As for crime risks, five conclusions are described as follows. A) The night market doesn’t have enough or lacks closed-circuit televisions (CCTVS). B) The patrol visibility is low. C) The professional trainings regarding the pickpocket of police officers are insufficient. D) People are lack of knowledge about the pickpocket. E) The night market doesn’t have enough committees. Above all, the most important two factors influencing the pickpocket in the night market are the high density of the people and followed by the lacking of formal surveillance. In terms of the lacking of formal surveillance, the effect of CCTVS used to prevent the pickpocket in the night market is low. The patrol visibility is low, too. Therefore, this study concludes that prevention strategies are to build up people’s concepts of the pickpocket, strengthen the formal surveillance, and reinforce police officers’ professional trainings regarding the pickpocket in the night market.

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Huang, Tsan-Sung, and 黃讚松. "A Study of Cybercrime prevention base on situational crime theory." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mu5yrm.

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碩士
中央警察大學
犯罪防治研究所
88
Internet is the most popular application in modern society. It brings a lot of convenience of communication to human. On the other hand, due to it''s rapid development, lacking of proper regulations, Internet happened to be crime breeding. The most serious problem of Internet is Cybercrime. The Situational Crime Prevention Theory provides a good solution to this problem in critical environment. The current Cybercrime study focused on technology security and legal regulations. This study based on Situational Crime Prevention Theory, integrated Criminology and Information Technology from the aspect of prevention, by using questionnaire to understand motivation of committing crime, and characteristics of crime. In order to prove the efficiency of Cybercrime Situational Prevention, 763 respondents were interviewed including criminal justice, network engineer and manager, Internet user and referenced the expert''s related comments. The statistic methodologies that have been applied to analyze data are as follows: Frequency Percentages, Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, t-test, Pearson Product-moment Correlation, One-way Analysis Variance, and a Second-Order Factor to represent coherence of four independent variables. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to analysis "prevention strategies" variable, and exam if the coherence significantly affected Cybercrime. The study concluded a result: when four individual prevention strategies (increasing perceived effort, increasing perceived risks, reducing anticipated rewards, removing excuses) have better interaction, the prevention efficiency results better than a single element prevention strategy and helps reduce Cybercrime rate. To sum it up, a Cybercrime prevention system is provided for: strengthen function of Criminal Justice System, establish Internet related legal regulations, strengthen Internet ethic education, scare up Internet security system and raise capability of dealing with risks, and establish a cybercrime prevention mechanism so the collectivity can get involved.

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CHU, WU HSIN, and 吳新竹. "Bicycle Theft and Situational Crime Prevention: A Case Study ofTaipei City." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60566525548384305755.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
98
The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors related to bike theft through examining bike theft statistics. The cases will be systematically examined under the characteristics of victims, bicycles, location, and time. Moreover, in order to set up the best strategy for decreasing the rate of bike theft, the study will identify the characteristics of the prevention bike theft situational factors and contrast the difference between the result of the study and the bike theft prevention strategies of the government. The study analyzed the data of bike thefts based on the reports of the Taipei City Police Department Criminal records from 2007 to 2009, a total number of 718 cases. In addition, the author observed the features of the crime prevention programs at the two stolen bike hot spots in Taipei. Four points were found in the study including: (1) the bikes are often stolen during the day time and at the MRT stations, entertainment venues, or near schools; (2) men, office workers or housewives are most often the people to report a stolen bike; (3) most thieves steal bikes with their bare hands and sell the bikes immediately; (4) most bikes thefts occur due to opportunity, as long as thieves have easy access to poorly secured bicycles. According to the study result, the author recommends bike owners, bike operators, police and government use bike theft prevention strategies that emphasize reducing situational factors.

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HUANG, CHIH-YUAN, and 黃志源. "Campus Theft and Situational Crime Prevention in Taipei City High Schools." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39687202428114226249.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
98
A school campus should be a delightful learning environment; however, theft on campus causes not merely the loss of school property and raises doubts about school security but also perhaps creates distrust among students in the longer term. Therefore, this study aimed to examine, from a situational prevention perspective, the current problem of theft on campus. Using a questionnaire, with appropriate survey sample of 70 public and private schools in Taipei, I discovered that high school campus theft averages 11 to 30 cases in a semester and that most remain unsolved. Second, there are certain activities in the weekday, but o fixed time or route for preventive patrol. Third, the optimal and economic solution is to lock the classroom doors. Fourth, the less pressure or frustration students have, the more effective the prevention measure. From the study, the following are recommendations for all levels of education decision-making units, schools, teachers and students: 1.education authorities and schools need to increase the budget for school security, and to enhance the management of school safety. 2.Education authorities and schools need to examine why the campus is not informed of the reason for the theft, and to enforce the school safety notification system. 3.Education authorities need to focus on the the criminogenic factors in high-risk crime in schools, to promote crime prevention and to improve the effectiveness of crime control. 4.Increase students’ adversity quotient . 5.Campus security practices need to be reviewed Key word: high schools, campus theft, situational factors

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Pei-Yu, Tien, and 田佩玉. "The Study of Prevention Strategy for Money-Laundering in Taiwan： Based on Situational Crime Prevention." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6yach6.

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碩士
中央警察大學
外事警察研究所
105
Recently, the increase of telecommunication fraud cases in Taiwan keep the law enforcement agencies busy. All law enforcement agencies try their best to bust telecommunication fraud rings, evan after successfully handing over these criminals to prosecutors for investigation, most Enforcement Agencies could not find any illicit money. The reason is that these telecommunication fraud rings had already transfered stolen money to China or other countries which harbour so-called money laundering . One might think why this could be done so easily which might be contributed to the easy abuse of bank accounts. Certain people can simply apply for a bank account and then lend it out to fraudsters, usually for finacial gain. The New York branch of Mega Bank was fined US$180 million in August 2016 because of its poor anti-money laundering compliance practices. The New York State Department of Financial Services, which imposed the fine, said “the bank failed to maintain an effective and compliant anti-money laundering program and described this compliance failures as "extremely serious." To make matters worse and despite being a founding member of the APG（The Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering , APG）, Taiwan has failed to keep up with the times in preventing and controlling international financial crimes such as money laundering. It has been placed on the group's watch-list since an evaluation in 2007.and again on an "enhanced follow-up" list in 2011 by the APG. It later returned to the "regular follow-up" list in 2014. If Taiwan again fails to pass the APG's evaluation in 2018, "our financial institutions' overseas operations will be affected and restricted. "If this was to happen then we could tell that the system of anti-money laundering was collapsing and losing control. This study adopted three research methods to include Literature Survey, Second Data Analysis and Case study. In the Literature Survey Section which constructed the key point and understanding of money laundering were separated into five sections, the first is the Introduction of Money Laundering ; the second part is the Process and Influence of Money Laundering ; the third part is the Survey of Money Laundering ; the fourth part is Situational Crime Prevention and Money Laundering , and the fifth part is the Strategies and Program of Anti-Money Laundering This study found that the key point to stop money laundering is to limit the way people apply for their bank accounts . If they cannot estiblish their accounts just by filling in some documentation and a hundred dollars , then criminality in money laundering will find it hard to transfer and hide away any illicit gains . Consequently , with the compliance practices of fininacial system , the law enforcement agencies may stop money laundering by tracing stolen money and confiscating it . This research is based upon the thought of situational crime prevention, through the analysis of crime script - to construct crime prevention strategies. In practice, situational crime prevention initially need to choose a specific type of crime, then collecting and analyzing systematic data about that crime. The purpose is to dissect crime process, identify the facilitating factor of the crime, and finally to prevent the crime effectively. This study targets on "money laundering" whereby the author has collected and analyzed guilty verdict documents with regard to money laundering cases from district courts in Taiwan for the latest six years (from 1 January 2011 to 30 June 2016). After the above empirical data analysis, this study dissects the crime script of money laundering, and delivers five responsive situational crime prevention strategies against this crime which are as follows: 1.Increasing Perceiving Effort: the responsibility for customer to prove themselves. 2.Increasing Perceiving Risks: Supervise the high-risk group. 3.Reducing Anticipated Rewards: Confiscate the illicit money. 4.Reducing crime stimulating: Media Filter and enhance the law enforcement. 5.Removing Excuses: Designated non-financial professions and businesses in finding against money-laundering.

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WU, CHUNG-YING, and 吳宗穎. "From the perspective of situational crime prevention to investigate the benefits and risks of domestic fraud crime ： By fraud crimer self-presentation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/av624b.

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碩士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治碩士在職專班
105
Since the late 1980s Taiwan, the agricultural society was simple in folkways originally, and the economic development takes off, and developed into industrial and commercial society gradually. According to the official statistics of the Directorate-general of Budget, accounting and statisics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) opinion, in the late 1980s there was presented that “Corporate profits declined, and people pay rose”, and also owing to the national economy maintained good momentum of development, resulting in increased inequality gradually. At the same time, the number of telecommunications fraud cases of economic crime and the amount of people defrauded was sharply soaring. According to National police agency statistics, the amount of property loss peaked at 18.5 billion and 90 million NT dollars, the amazing and persistently high crime statistics, would inevitably lead to a national panic, so the Government relevant authorities attaches great importance and make policy for responses. But the telecommunications fraud group grows mature, professional, organized, large-scale enterprise development, even the organizations of cross-border telecommunications fraud group have formed, arrogance hypertonic, severe malignant fraud offenses, hit a deep domestic economic order and financial system, and it is a extremely dangeours to the majesty and sense of trust of Government, and it is also a major threat to the image of our country legal profession in the international community. This study used qualitative research methods and based on in-depth interview, ㄎand supplemented by literature review and research methods of official secondary data analysis. The selected interviewees of this study are the inmates and rich of fraud crime experience still in the domestic prison. The researcher of this study spend time to look up a large number of perpetrators of telecommunications fraud and other criminal recordprevious convictions of them. And use the method of purposive sampling, selecting 11 people are willing to participate in the research study. To research the telecommunications fraud perpetrators of their crime experience, choice of course for each crime situation in-depth exploration. Mainly for the perpetrators of their "Family and Education", "Motivation and Manipulation", "The arrested attitude". Based on these three directions to explore and compare the crimers which benefits they acquired and what risk they exposured. And supplemented by the researchers himselves Criminal Police work experience, to expect to analyze the telecommunications fraud crime overall process and structure, and explore domestic laws making what punish for the telecommunications fraud criminal and the dilemma that domestic judicial official face to. In summary, the researcher collecte related crime statistics, and analysis the interview note with telecommunications fraud perpetrators. Based on situational crime prevention and other related theory, to prove and explain the appearance of telecommunications fraud crime. Expect to achieve the crime prevention and also the final goal of criminology, and do all my bit for judicial investigation in response.

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Li, Ya-Ci, and 李雅琪. "Evaluation on the effectiveness of police situational crime prevention strategies of motorcycle thefts." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56618083005077670668.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
97
Abstract: Theft crime is always the biggest part of all kind of crime. This report summarizes the evidence on promoting a less motorcycle criminal by preventing the development of criminality strategy and by investing in situational crime prevention to reduce opportunities for crime. The report also considers the comparative effectiveness and of different methods of reducing crime, the prevention of crime in the community by implementing effective police crime prevention strategies. Purpose: (1)research how police use police situational crime prevention strategies to prevent motorcycle thefts?(2)which strategies has best effort on preventing motorcycle thefts?(3)provide theory for law enforcement on preventing motorcycle thefts (4)How is the effeteness of police situational crime prevention strategies Result: “Prevention” strategies have better effeteness than “Arresting”. If we divide the strategy to three stages A B C . The result is that stage B C work better than A, but the three kind of strategy has no obvious difference. Therefore we focus on comparing strategies in stage C. Suggestion: 1.Reinforce monitoring motorcycle parking place. 2.Sustain using the code-put-on strategy. 3.Educating citizen about the crime prevention. 4.Improve the environment elements. 5.Various ways using the police situational crime prevention strategies.

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李漢卿. "The Research Of Crime Prevention Methods On Burglaries Related About Foreign Workers --The Approaches Of 「Routine Activities Theory」And 「Situational Crime Prevention Theory」." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67445060614453366266.

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碩士
中國文化大學
政治學研究所碩士在職專班
92
Abstract Can crime committed by foreign workers be prevented in advance? How to prevent? These issues are still the main concern of the social public. The crime statistics in the Police Services White Paper of National Police Administration indicated that theft accounts for the most part of foreign workers crime. Theft is therefore placed at the top of preferred items for study. This is because that theft is featured with high occurrence rate, low cracking rate, likelihood in transforming into other violence and theft issues is difficult to solve. Theft is carrying the pressure and fear of causing physical and mental injury to victim. This paper studies through Routine Activities Theory and Situational Crime Prevention Theory, basis theft characteristics to find the best crime preventing program by applying theoretical preventive techniques, program and data to visualize the crime practices of foreign worker theft, to analyze modes. Physical cases are also analyzed and reviewed to assist. In the theoretical study, it is found that Routine Activities Theory addresses the criminal activities by placing mainly on interaction of three variables─the presence of motivated offender, the existence of suitable target and absence of capable guardian against crime and investigate the crime targets and the vulnerability of victim. The Situational Crime Preventive Theory targets at increasing the risks, increasing the difficulties, reducing the reward of crime. The skills applied include the target hardening, access control, deflecting offender, controlling facilitator, entry/exit screening, formal surveillance, surveillance by employees, natural surveillance, target removal, identifying property, reducing temptation, rule setting, denying benefits, stimulating conscience, controlling disinhibitors and facilitating compliance. This paper provides related crime preventing acts and self-protecting methods based on the theoretical key points and preventive skills. This paper has the following findings from the data of foreign workers crime and interview with them during the period between 2000 and 2003: I. Criminal Data Analysis 1. Increase of crime committed by foreigners. 2. Changes in the type of foreign workers criminal cases. 3. Theft of foreign worker in Taoyuan area maintains stable. 4. Foreign worker is the main point of foreigner involved crime. 5. The theft of female nursery is in the upward trend. II. Theft types analysis 1. Foreign theft is still mainly in ordinary theft. 2. Female foreign nursery theft is mainly in ordinary theft. 3. No organized or syndicate crime is found in the theft of foreign workers. 4. The articles stolen by foreign worker thief are generally low in value. 5. Foreign worker thefts are mostly incidental. III. Analysis of Interview 1. Less pre-job training for foreign workers. 2. Excessive brokerage imposed on foreign workers by the home broker. 3. Works of nursing workers is found to be extending out of job scope. 4. Part of the brokers failed to perform their obligation sufficiently. 5. The victim is lack of self-defense preparation. According to the findings of this study, the author would like to present the following 9 suggestions. The effective implementation of them shall serve to reduce the criminal activities of foreign workers in Taiwan, to keep the administrative and judicial resources from wasting and make it be the prime mover of the society and economies of Taiwan. 1. Improve the statistical mode for the foreign worker crime. 2. Strengthen the crime preventing work of foreign workers. 3. Strengthen the administration system for foreign workers. 4. Extinguish the unlawful broker for foreign workers. 5. Strengthen the promotion of prevention of crimes. 6. Establish national theft preventing concept. 7. Establish community sense. 8. Strengthen formal social control. Following up study.

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Yun-Lung, Tsao, and 曹雲龍. "The effects of Bank interior and surrounding area design on the Bank Robbery Prevention: A Situational Crime Prevention Perspective." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58512037718660031258.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
101
Bank robbery is not only one of the major threats to safety of staffs, customers and guards, but also a big damage to business reputation of a bank. Therefore, it could deter intention of bank robbery if preventive scenario is applied to bank renovation, and could further prevent bank robbery, and life and/or property loss caused by bank robbery will be avoided. This renovation guidelines based on Situational Crime Prevention perspective could not only be a reference for physical security planning of banks and the security police for financial institutions. The current study collected data from bank administrators – staffs, bank guardians – guards and potential criminals – customers of one bank with foreign investment totaling 41 branches in Taiwan. A survey was employed to explore if the strategies of bank renovation scenario could increase difficulty and risk in committing bank robbery. 280 valid surveys were collected and analyzed with 2-way ANOVA mixed design The results indicated: 1. Difficulty in committing a crime (1) All three types of respondents believe that revolving door, 120cm high transaction counter, installation of glass window on transaction counter, solid chair before a 90cm high counter, and entrance/exit which is not close to the transaction counter could deter the intention of robbery effectively. (2) Branch staffs and customers believe that transaction counters with other devices that could help cross transaction counters are more likely to attract crime than counters without devices that could help cross counters. However, the difference is no significant in terms of guardians – guards’ point of view. 2. Boost risk of committing a crime (1) All respondents agree that robbery prevention posters, more cameras installed by banks, highly visible camera installation, and single entrance/exit of bank for bank renovations have significant effect on lower the robbery intentions. (2) Branch staffs and customers think natural surveillance cannot deter the intention of bank robbery. However, this difference does not apply to the guards’. Based on the results of current study, suggestions are: 1. Banks should include those 9 facilities which are best effective in deterring robbery intention commonly agreed among branch staffs, guards and customers into the renovation design. 2. If banks cannot fully implement 9 facilities, the commonly agreed by potential criminals – customers shall be considered as sequence for implementation. 3. Branch guards should enhance and pay attention to 1) Transaction counters adjacent to low counters or other devices that could help cross the transaction counter; 2) Monitoring of transaction counter area. 4. Police officers should play a role of supervisor to the security of bank, provide correct know-how for crime prevention and integrate different resources to prevent bank robbery. Keywords: bank, robbery, CCTV, defensible space, natural surveillance

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LIU, CHUNG-CHIH, and 劉崇智. "Study on Situational Crime Prevention Strategy for Motorcycle Thefts Implemented by Police Agency ─ A Case Study on Taipei City." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02356198366317614696.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
97
The purpose of this study is intended to understand the situation of occurrence of motorcycle thievery in recent years, the policy and measures for policemen’s resistance to motorcycle thievery, and policemen’s cognition of the concept of situational crime prevention and their experience of implementation of situational crime prevention through an interview with police personnel. This study is to adopt interview as a method for qualitative research by means of in-depth interview of 20 police-based participants from four positions, captain of Investigation Brigade, detective sergeant of Investigation Brigade, chief of police station and police officer of police station, serving in Taipei City Police Department affiliated branches with a higher rate of motorcycle stolen. The findings of the study are discovered that most interviewees, in their recognition and standpoints, thought that proper propaganda can be the most effective strategy of crime prevention, and duty strengthening will be the next because of most of them being short of knowledge of the theory of situational crime prevention; in strategy and implementation of criminal defence, as motorcycle thieveries among different areas have come on varied stories by different time and space, they, coming from the police stations having paid more attention to the event of motorcycle thievery, usually take routine actions of sign branding, propaganda and effective investigation for confiscation of stolen goods to resist the stealing event, supported by offensive duties such as district patrol, vehicle stops and lurking to strengthen the measures of crime prevention; of which, most of them thought big lock and sign branding are so far the best anti-stealing tools. In addition, in relation to its problem and difficulty, efficiency stress and multifarious duty will be the major obstacles in the aspect of implementing effective crime prevention programs. Interviewees have thus offered their suggestions such as the improvement of efficiency system and police specialization for reference. To summarize this study, our suggestions are submitted below: 1. To strengthen instilling academic knowledge in police officials on field duty for facilitating to effectively integrate theory and practice; 2. to make separation between residential area and commercial area for urban planning or its upgrade in order to scheme their individual favorable strategies of crime prevention; 3. to integrate with other agencies’ measures to eradicate the channels of collecting and selling booty for attaining the purpose of crime prevention; 4. to make identification number for particular machines and tools by using successful experience; 5. to plan the motorcycles parking lot being installed with increasing monitors to serve for effective monitoring; 6. the strategy and efficiency management of crime prevention of police agencies should be taken into account by the theory and the practice; and 7. to establish the warning mechanism of criminal objects.

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Weng, Jiasuei, and 翁嘉穗. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention Strategies to Explore the Wall-Free Campus Security - a High School in Chiayi County." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47952844060928065599.

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碩士
國立中正大學
犯罪防治研究所
100
Abstract Does campus need walls? Schools, parents and communities think differently. Based on “Situational Crime Prevention” strategies, the research focuses on School without Walls (SWW). Scrutinizing unsafe space and management, the research expects to build awareness on preventing crimes on campus and therefore ensure the security of SWW. It is expected that the research can serve as a reference for future discussions on borderless campuses and/or open campuses and their security concerns. This research adopts qualitative research methodology, with “semi-structured” sample hierarchically and interview collect method for main materials; By “Phenomenological content analysis”, summing up to analyze one by one, Complement it with the record that participate in observing, collect the camps security documents, to look over and strengthen the research materials. This research obtains the following conclusions: The lighting around where students activities are held at night and passages, the surveillance system, the patrol route, the movement of stray dogs, the waste from a nearby market, the potential danger lurking in accessible restrooms and the lack of self disciplines of certain residents in the neighborhood are all problems that need to be assessed, coordinated and solved. 1.The school is question is wall-free. In general, the campus maintains a high level of security. School properties and passages should be fortified. Entrances to dormitories and library should be patrolled. Natural surveillance can be improved by lifting curtains when students leave classrooms or every evening after school hours. 2.The school in question should have assessed the performances of the new security system that was recently installed and the restroom surveillance and alert system. The rampancy of stray dogs and the unorganized traditional markets by the campus pose a threat according to the Broken Window theory. 3.Night lighting should be improved. Campus security is compromised as all faculty members and students do not have the habit of asking strangers for identities. The school in question does not have an effective solution to reducing anonymity. 4.The resolution, location and angle of the monitor are poor. They should be replaced or adjusted; the uneven qualities of security personnel directly affect the normal monitoring benefits. 5.Public properties can be identified easily. Personal electronic devices should be better protected. Repair damaged public properties as soon as possible to prevent the image of disorder that encourages potential crimes, according to the Broken Window theory. Based on these conclusions, the research puts forward the following suggestions: 1.For the school in question: a.Security guards need more training on their service attitude and mindset as well as evaluation. These approaches are crucial to the effects and performance of surveillance. b.For the identification of strangers and avoiding the danger of anonymity, the teachers should wear identification cards, and the students should wear uniforms. c.The lightings for the areas and passages where students are presents should be improved at the shortest time possible. d.The location and resolution of the surveillance system should be improved. e.Set access control at the main entrances of the education areas for increasing crime efforts. 2.For the neighborhood and local administrative center: The local administrative center is suggested to provide moral education with residents; the relocation schedule of the traditional market should be confirmed as soon as possible; stray dog issue should be coordinated with the school. To promote the campus and its surrounding environment clean and beautiful, and remove the “broken windows phenomenon”. 3.For education departments: a.Sufficient budgets should be allocated to SWW to enhance the hardware and software that contribute to campus security. b.More security guards are required to patrol around the campus and fulfill other responsibilities. 4.For the government: a.Relevant government agencies should assist in the oversight of the quality of security company and personnel. Before Sending security personnel to the schools, should be strictly screened. b.In order to effectively smooth implementation of the campus security, government should advocate the people's character re-education so that social concepts and attitude can change. Schools and families need to establish good communication in the same level, to be effective on the smooth implementation of campus safety at work. Keywords：School without Walls (SWW)、Campus Security、Crime Prevention 、Situational Crime Prevention

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"Crime at Convenience Stores: Assessing an In-Depth Problem-Oriented Policing Initiative." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38716.

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abstract: Problem-oriented policing (POP) dynamically addresses unique community issues in a way that allows police departments to be cost-effective and efficient. POP draws upon routine activities and rational choice theories, at times incorporating elements of crime prevention through environmental design. A recent systematic review found POP to be hugely popular, but not rigorously assessed or implemented. In 2009, the Glendale, Arizona Police Department and researchers from Arizona State University received funding through the Bureau of Justice Assistance’s (BJA) Smart Policing Initiative (SPI) to target crime at convenience stores through a problem-oriented policing approach. The Glendale SPI team devised an approach that mirrored the ideals put forth by Goldstein (1990), and provided a thorough undertaking of the SARA model. A comprehensive response plan was developed with several proposed responses, including: intervention with Circle K leadership, suppression, and prevention at the six highest-activity stores. Despite a thorough POP implementation, the initial descriptive evaluation of the Glendale SPI reported positive effects on crime, but left questions about the intervention’s long-term impact on convenience store crime in Glendale, Arizona. The policy and theoretical influence of the initiative warrants a more rigorous evaluation. Supplanting the original assessment, a difference in difference model, negative binomial regression, and relative effect size are calculated to ascertain the SPI’s long-term effects on target and comparison stores. Phi and weighted displacement quotient are calculated to determine the existence of displacement of crime or diffusion of benefits. Overall, results indicate support for the project’s effectiveness on crime reduction. Further, none of the six intervention stores experienced crime displacement. Five of the six stores, however, experienced a diffusion of benefits in the surrounding 500-yard area; that is, a crime reduction was observed at the intervention stores and in the surrounding areas of five of these stores. Disorder and property crimes at the targeted stores were most affected by the intervention. One of the intervention stores did experience an increase in violent crime, however. Future studies should strengthen the methodological design when evaluating POP projects and seek to flesh out more precisely the crime control effects of unique problem-oriented strategies.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2016

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Guerzoni, MA. "Behind the candelabra : preventing child sexual abuse in Tasmania." Thesis, 2018. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/30044/1/Guerzoni_whole_thesis_ex_pub_mat.pdf.

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Clergy-child sexual abuse in Christian Church institutions is a prevalent criminological issue in the 21st Century. Research from academic and governmental inquiry collectively has focussed on building knowledge of clerical offenders, victims/survivors, victimisation, crime prevention, and institutional responses to abuse; particularly within the American and Irish Roman Catholic contexts. This scholarship has been fundamental in bringing care and justice to survivors and offenders, as well as in the development and implementation of child protection legislation, policies, screening requirements, training, and compensation schemes in religious and non-religious organisations around the Western world. In recent years, scholarship has moved from the previously normative focus on ‘offenders with deviant sexual interests’ in understanding child abuse to identifying and exploring the role of institutional cultures and environments in abuse events. By highlighting the malleable nature of individual behaviours and desires when subject to surrounding influences and variables, it has been shown how church cultures and environments precipitate child sexual abuse events; leading the otherwise “normal” person to abuse or be complicit in church secrecy. The commonality of susceptibility to sexual offending, and the role of organisational culture and environments in this process, press for an examination of the micro-level context of church organisations: what is occurring at the everyday parish today, and how this activity is influenced by clerical cultures and congregational situational factors. This dissertation provides empirical research on the child protective clerical cultures operative within the Anglican Diocese of Tasmania. Drawing from a sample of 34 clerics (29 male, 5 female) and document analysis of Diocesan policies and legislation, inquiry is directed towards understanding the clerical habitus (predispositions that guide individual beliefs and behaviours) in respect to child sexual abuse and child protection, and how this shapes clergy’s everyday safe ministry practices. These reported practices are then analysed through the lens of situational crime prevention techniques to analyse the feasibility of their efficiency in minimising abuse events. The dissertation then seeks to identify clerical cultures towards child protection in Tasmania, to test the presence of an interconnection between these cultures, Diocesan structures (policies and training), and the clerical child protective habitus. In understanding the cognition, conduct and culture of clergy in the Tasmanian Anglican Church, recommendations are offered on how to make church life safer places for children.

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Costa, Filipa Isabel Alves da. "Vitimação criminal nos Campi Universitários (UMinho) : da prevalência às medidas de autoproteção." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/18652.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia da Justiça)
Face às estatísticas oficiais de criminalidade, os inquéritos de vitimação criminal apresentam-se como um instrumento de mensuração alternativo que permite a deteção de muita criminalidade oculta. A investigação internacional sobre a vitimação em campi universitários tem-se dedicado ao estudo da prevalência de criminalidade neste contexto específico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo captar a prevalência de vitimação criminal no ano letivo 2009/2010, junto dos seus utilizadores (alunos, professores e staff) nos campi universitários da Universidade do Minho. Simultaneamente, procura analisar as modalidades criminais com maior expressão, os segmentos da população mais vitimados, as características do ofensor, as circunstâncias espaciais e temporais do delito, o impacto decorrente da experiência da vitimação sofrida e a posição da vítima face à denúncia do crime. O estudo procurou, ainda, captar as perceções de (in) segurança dos participantes face ao campus ao qual estão vinculados pelas suas atividades académicas ou profissionais. Para tal, foi construído o inquérito Campi Universitários (UM): Vitimação Criminal e Perceção de (In) Segurança (Costa, Matos & Mendes, 2011), administrado a uma amostra de 1001 participantes. Os resultados documentam que 10.3% dos participantes foram alvo de, pelo menos, um episódio de vitimação criminal nesse ano e que 41.6% observou vitimação criminal contra terceiros (bens ou pessoas) nos campi universitários da UM (o crime de injúria foi o mais experienciado e observado).A vítima de crime é, tipicamente, do sexo feminino, de nacionalidade portuguesa, jovem adulta, solteira, estudante e com escolaridade superior, à exceção das vítimas do crime de coação, as quais apresentam algumas especificidades diferenciadoras (e.g., adulto, com união civil formalizada e não aluno). Das vítimas, 41.8% recorreram a medidas de autoproteção após a experiência de vitimação criminal. Quanto à participação dos factos, apenas uma pequena percentagem de vítimas optou por essa prática (14.9%), quer junto das entidades da UM, quer às entidades judiciais. O ofensor é, habitualmente, descrito pelas vítimas como sendo um indivíduo do sexo masculino, desconhecido (à exceção do crime de coação, no qual é conhecido das vítimas) e que não recorre a armas durante o episódio criminal. Maioritariamente os delitos foram perpetrados em período diurno e o mês de Maio destacou-se pela maior frequência. Amplamente demonstrada a eficácia de medidas de prevenção situacional do crime em estudos internacionais, avançamos com algumas sugestões finais dirigidas especificamente aos hot spots criminais que este inquérito de vitimação permitiu identificar.
Criminal victimization surveys are presented as an alternative measurement tool which allows the detection of many hidden criminality. The international research regarding victimization on college campi has been showing the crime prevalence in this particular context. This study aimed to capture the criminal victimization prevalence, occurred in the year 2009/2010, between the members of the University of Minho (students, faculty and staff). Simultaneously this study examined the most prevalent crimes, and the most victimized groups, as well as the victimization impact, victims’ position towards crime complaint, and finally the characteristics of the offender and the spatial and temporal circumstances of the offense. Furthermore, the study also assessed participants’ perceptions concerning caumpus security. To reach these proposes, we developed a survey entitled “University Campus (UM): Criminal Victimization and Perception of (In)Security (Costa Matos & Mendes, 2011). The survey was completed by a sample of 1001 participants. The results revealed that 10.3% of participants experienced at least one episode of criminal victimization during the assessed period and 41.6% of participants observed criminal victimization against other at the UM campus. The victim was typically a single young female, with Portuguese nationality and a student in this higher education institution. An exception to this profile was found concerning coercion victimization, wherein victims are usually adults, in formal relationships, and not students. From the victims group, 41.8% reported the use of self-protection measures after the criminal episode. The results also demonstrated that only a small percentage of the victims (14.9%) reported the incident to UM officials or law enforcement agencies. The offender was usually described by the victims as an unknown male individual (with exception of coercion crimes where the offender is known by the victims) who did not use weapons during the crime episode. The crimes were committed mostly during the day, being May the month with higher crimes’ frequency. Supported by international studies that demonstrated the effectiveness of crime’s situational prevention strategies against, we proposed some final suggestions towards the criminal hot spots based on the results of our victimization survey.

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Horn, Riana Elizabeth. "A pro-active approach to curb asset theft at a South African mine." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6039.

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The South African mining industry has not been shielded from the criminal threat the country faces. In this case study, the nature and extent of asset theft at one of the largest mining companies in South Africa is analysed. The crime prevention strategy adopted by the mine to curb asset theft was studied over a period of five years. This involved a survey of the views of the security managers on the effectiveness of the strategy implemented by the mine. Against the background of the South African Government’s broad description of the crime prevention approach adopted by the country, the researcher explored whether it would be practicable to implement an integrated crime prevention strategy – encompassing situational, social and law enforcement crime prevention approaches on primary, secondary and tertiary level – at the participating mine in order to curb asset theft.
Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing)

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Junqueira, Gabriel Marson. "A prevenção da corrupção na administração pública (contributos criminológicos, do corporate compliance e public compliance)." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85801.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Currently, some studies already propose that the public compliance incorporates the lessons learnt in the context of the corporate compliance, which has developed most in recent decades. At the same time, as the compliance was incorporated in the universe of criminal law, in the direction of the principles of a “global science of the criminal law”, it seems to be useful checking the contributions which can be provided by criminology in order to its improvement. The aim is to check which contributions for the public compliance improvement can be provided by criminology and by the corporate compliance, specially outlining guidelines for the improvement of the prevention of bribery in the public administration. White-collar crime theory, situational crime prevention perspective and techniques of neutralization are analysed. The corporate compliance is subsequently examined in its essential aspects and elements (compliance-culture, institutionalization, gap analysis, compliance programme and internal investigation procedure). Some guidelines for the improvement of public compliance are outlined at the end. The contributions provided by criminology has primarily focused on the compliance-culture, the gap analysis and the compliance programme. It was possible to notice a greater weight of the corporate compliance contributions in public compliance institutionalization, in internal investigation procedures and in the incentives for the adoption by the public sector of an effective system to prevention and detection of irregularities. A better definition of these incentives, in the frame of public compliance, deserves, however, a deep approach.
Atualmente, alguns autores já propõem que o public compliance – entendido, numa primeira aproximação, como conjunto sistemático de medidas tendentes a garantir que todos os agentes públicos ajam, no âmbito da Administração Pública, em conformidade com o ordenamento jurídico-penal – assimile lições aprendidas, nas últimas décadas, no âmbito do corporate compliance, por ter este se desenvolvido mais no período. Ao mesmo tempo, como o compliance foi integrado ao universo penal, na perspectiva de uma “ciência conjunta do direito penal”, parece natural a verificação de contribuições que podem ser prestadas pela criminologia para seu aprimoramento. O objetivo, aqui, é examinar algumas contribuições para o aprimoramento do public compliance que podem ser extraídas da criminologia e do corporate compliance, com a expectativa de esboçar, em seguida, diretrizes para o aperfeiçoamento da prevenção da corrupção na Administração Pública. São analisadas as teorias do crime de colarinho branco, da prevenção situacional do delito e das técnicas de neutralização da culpa. O corporate compliance, na sequência, é examinado, em seus aspectos e elementos essenciais (cultura de compliance, institucionalização, análise de riscos, programa de compliance e procedimento de investigação interna). Algumas diretrizes para o aperfeiçoamento do public compliance são, ao final, esboçadas. As contribuições prestadas pela criminologia centraram-se sobretudo na implantação de uma cultura de compliance, na análise de riscos e na organização do programa de compliance. Foi possível notar um peso maior das contribuições do corporate compliance na institucionalização do public compliance, no desenho de procedimentos de investigação interna e nos estímulos para a adoção, pelo setor público, de um sistema eficaz de prevenção e detecção de delitos. Uma melhor definição de tais estímulos, no marco do public compliance, merece, todavia, futuro aprofundamento.

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Yang, Chien-Jim, and 楊建軍. "The Study on Technology Crimes of Telecommunication Fraud Crime Current Situation and Prevention Strategies in Current Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66158600091546761670.

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碩士
中華大學
科技管理學系碩士班
99
In recent years, the proportion of Internet users have grown exceedingly high while communication tools such as mobile phones and computers are growing rapidly and becoming indispensable to the daily lives of most people. However, these tools and services have become criminal tools for illegal activities because information technology is convenient, widespread and anonymous. With the recent rapid development of technology and Internet, Internet crimes and telephone frauds have become rampant, and new criminal methods and techniques are emerging.According to the Dec 14, 2010 Ministry of The Interior National Police Agency 165 Anti-Fraud Hotline report, Internet auction topped the fraud list, followed by others such as the impersonation of officials, escort services, match making services, win-a-prize and kidnapping scams (Ministry of The Interior National Police Agency, 2010).Of these fraud cases, Internet and telephone scams occupied a high proportion. This research investigated the nation’s current primary pattern of telecommunication fraud and preventative strategies by analyzing existing Internet and telephone scams data.Preventative strategies are also recommended.The sample consisted mainly of residents 16 years and older living in the greater Taipei area. Using random sampling, 400 telephone interviews were conducted to obtain basic information.Of these, 313 responses were valid.Applying descriptive statistic, Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were conducted for inductive analysis. Results showed significant difference between genders in Internet and telephone scam behaviors.In-depth analysis showed that more males than females were scammed through telephone fraud.However, in terms of losses, there was no significant difference between the genders. Males and females showed no significant difference in their preventative measures and deterrents, indicating no significant difference in the measures and expectations of males and females. Based on the results, recommendations for crime prevention are made for the public, crime prevention agencies and future research.

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Pinto, Ana do Carmo Santos. "O furto em estabelecimento comercial." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20650.

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The present dissertation is about shoplifting and its article in the penal code. In order to do that, we will divide the present text in three chapters. In the first chapter our goal is to study and analyze article 207º, nº 2 of CP and its history. We will go along its path since it was only a proposal to modify the law, until its present form. In this chapter we aim to know what is inside article 207º, nº 2. In the second chapter we want to know about the behavior that constitutes shoplifting. To do so, we will use some references that we have collected in a brief criminological and criminal policy study. In the last chapter of the present dissertation our goal is to look again to the legal solution, but this time with a more critical and less historical point of view. Besides, we aim to suggest an idea to solve the problem of shoplifting, regarding the constitutional and criminal principles.
A presente dissertação versa sobre o furto em estabelecimento comercial e a sua tipificação no Código Penal português. O presente texto foi dividido em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado ao estudo e análise do art. 207, nº 2 do CP e à sua história. Iremos, por isso, acompanhar o seu caminho desde que era proposta de alteração legislativa, até à sua tipificação. A nossa meta, neste capítulo, é conhecer o que está em causa neste artigo. O segundo capítulo centrar-se-á no comportamento associado ao furto em estabelecimento comercial. Recorremos a um breve estudo criminológico e de política criminal que nos servirá de referência. Por fim, o último capítulo da presente dissertação versa sobre a solução legal, mas numa perspetiva mais crítica e menos histórica. É nosso objetivo partir dos princípios constitucionais do direito penal e sugerir uma solução que consideramos adequada para o problema do shoplifting.

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Chon, Ki Hong Steve. "Cybercrime precursors: towards a model of offender resources." Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/107344.

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This thesis applies Ekblom and Tilley’s concept of offender resources to the study of criminal behaviour on the Internet. Offender predispositions are influenced by situational, that is the environmental incentives to commit crime. This thesis employs non-participation observation of online communities involved in activities linked to malicious forms of software. Actual online conversations are reproduced, providing rich ethnographic detail of activities that have taken place between 2008 and 2012 from eight discussion forums where malicious software and cases of hacking are openly discussed among actors. A purposeful sample of key frontline cybercrime responders (N=12) were interviewed about crimeware and their views of the activity observed in the discussion forums. Based on the empirical data, this thesis tests a number of criminological theories and assesses their relative compatibility with social interactions occurring in various online forum sites frequented by persons interested in the formation and use of malicious code. The thesis illustrates three conceptual frameworks of offender resources, based on different criminological theories. The first model ties ‘offender resources’ to the actual offender, suggesting that certain malicious software and its associated activities derive from the decisions, knowledge and abilities of the individual agent. The second model submits that ‘offender resources’ should be viewed more as a pathway leading to offending behaviour that must be instilled and then indoctrinated over a length of time through social interaction with other offenders. The third model emphasises the complex relationships that constitute or interconnect with ‘offender resources’ such as the nexus of relevant social groups and institutions in society. These include the Internet security industry, the law, and organised crime. Cybercrime is facilitated by crimeware, a specific type of computer software, and a focus on this element can help better understand how cybercrime evolves.

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Zannoni, Elio. "Jewellery store robbery: a victim risk and intervention perspective." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1693.

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The exploratory study investigated jewellery store robbery from a victim risk and intervention perspective. An explanation of the phenomenon was offered based on the information obtained from a review of the existing literature, case studies, personal observations at jewellery stores, discussions with jewellers, a scientific questionnaire submitted to jewellers, and semi-structured and structured interviews conducted with a group of knowledgeable respondents and victimised jewellers respectively. A predominantly quantitative research method was applied. The research findings obtained during the study enabled a proposal for a jewellery store robbery intervention model based on the situational crime prevention perspective, which is inclusive of decisional, environmental, situational, procedural, personnel and business-oriented strategies.
Criminology
M.A. (Criminology)

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50

Stewart, Nadine Patricia. "A criminological study of retail robbery." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26437.

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In South Africa, there has been a steady increase in the number of armed robberies within the retail industry which have many negative consequences for the victims, their families, and the community. Materialism and economic advantage are major factors, as these robberies are very lucrative, although socio-economic factors such as unemployment, poverty, and relative deprivation can also contribute to the phenomenon. The climate of violence prevalent in South Africa, the ineffectiveness of the criminal justice system, as well as the availability of illegal firearms also contributes to this climate of lawlessness. The intense fear aroused by these robberies, as well as the extent of this crime necessitates empirical research in this regard. A literature search of South African databases reflects that no specific research regarding retail robberies has been undertaken. In order to fill this void, it was decided to investigate the modus operandi of retail robbers from the victims' perspective, as well as relevant situational factors, victim reactions and the consequences of these robberies. The Model of the victim's experience after a retail robbery (see Figure 2) was formulated to serve as a theoretical framework to give direction to the study and interpret the findings. In order to actualise the set research expectations, various victims of retail robberies within Gauteng were selected to participate in this study. The sample was drawn according to the purposive theoretical and snowball sampling methods. The sample consisted of 20 victims. Individual interviews were conducted with these respondents. Upon analysis and interpretation of the data, it was found that most retail robberies occur in areas with a high crime-rate. The main reason for the selection of a specific target seems to be the obtaining of money. The findings further indicate that retail robberies are committed by groups of offenders who predominantly make use of handguns during these robberies and usually have getaway vehicles waiting outside the stores. It was also apparent in the study that verbal threats and violence are usually employed during retail robberies in order to ensure compliance by the victims and that victims are less likely to resist if the offenders are armed with firearms. Findings indicate that the robbers become more aggressive when resisted and that aggression is influenced by the size of the group. The findings further show that stores with few customers are more likely to become the victims of retail robberies. It was found that security measures such as armed response, alarms and panic buttons do not necessarily deter retail robbers, but most stores improved their security following a robbery. Stores with no surveillance appear to be more vulnerable. Another situational factor pertinent to the study was that most of the stores' interiors were visible to passers-by from the outside. Finally, the impact of retail robberies upon the lives of the victims in terms of financial, physical, emotional and social consequences was also investigated. Based on the findings, recommendations are made with regard to further research. Stemming from this, various suggestions concerning the prevention of retail robberies are also made.
Dissertation (MA (Criminology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Situational crime prevention'

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