Relevant bibliographies by topics / Six Articles, 1539

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Academic literature on the topic 'Six Articles, 1539'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Six Articles, 1539"

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Redworth, Glyn. "A Study in the Formulation of Policy: The Genesis and Evolution of the Act of Six Articles." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 37, no. 1 (January 1986): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900031900.

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The Act of Six Articles of 1539 affirmed half a dozen key Catholic beliefs and their denial was made punishable by law: a heretic's death was automatically prescribed for repudiation of transubstantiation, and possible death as a felon for those who denied the divine authority of clerical celibacy, vows of chastity, private masses or the practical necessity of auricular confession. The measure was made even more severe as recantation was of no effect where transgression of the first article was concerned. Little wonder its detractors called the act ‘the whip with six strings’, or the ‘bloody statute’. From early on, the passage of the act was often seen in terms of a personal triumph for Bishop Stephen Gardiner of Winchester, along with Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, who piloted the measure through parliament. All of the allusions to Gardiner's involvement come from hostile sources, and most of these ascriptions are vague and lacking in circumstantial detail. William Turner, in The rescuyinge of the Romishe fox, referred to the act in a much quoted statement as ‘the six articles, otherwise called Gardiner's gospel’; it remains a moot point whether Winchester's enemy, Turner, was ascribing to Gardiner authorship of the act or merely endorsement of its orthodoxy. An unknown author, whose work is to be found in Narratives of…the Reformation, argued that the act stemmed from the king's anger against reformist bishops who quarrelled over his deployment of monastic wealth, so Henry, ‘being stirred thereunto by Winchester and other old papists in the next parliament, made vj new articles of our faithy.… The most comprehensive and detailed indictment of Winchester's involvement comes in a highly virulent, and extremely effective, piece of propaganda directed against the bishop.
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Orr, D. Alan. "“Communis Hostis Omnium”: The Smerwick Massacre (1580) and the Law of Nations." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 3 (July 2019): 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.6.

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AbstractThis article examines the brutal massacre of up to six hundred Spanish and Italian papal troops on the order of the English Lord Deputy Arthur Grey, 14th Baron de Wilton (1536–1593), at Dún An Óir (Forto del Oro), Smerwick, County Kerry, on 10 November 1580. The article investigates the relationship between the religious and juridical rationales for the massacre, shedding new light on the broader relationship between the early modern law of nations, Protestantism, and what Brendan Bradshaw has characterized as “catastrophic violence” in the Elizabethan military conquest of Ireland. While Vincent Carey has emphasized the virulently anti-Catholic character of Grey's rationales for the massacre, my argument instead emphasizes the role of the received laws of nations and of war in justifying Grey's actions both to Queen Elizabeth I (1533–1603) and to the English public, from the period immediately following the massacre until the writing of Edmund Spenser's pro-Grey apologetic, A View of the Present State of Ireland (ca. 1596). On this view, the papal troops at Smerwick were considered brigands, pirates, or, in Marcus Tullius Cicero's words, “communis hostis omnium”—a common enemy to all—and enjoyed no standing as lawful enemies under the law of nations. In the sixteenth century, the established law of nations was hardly a seamless web but manifested significant cleavages and fissures allowing for the construction of localized spheres of legal exception in which the ordinary rules of warfare did not apply, thus providing a convenient juridical rationale for atrocity.
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Alaruri, Sami D. "Automated Multi-Diode Laser System for WDM Couplers Insertion Loss Measurements." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 2, no. 3 (July 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2012070101.

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Insertion loss is an important parameter used to characterize passive fiber-optic components, such as WDM couplers and variable optical attenuators. This article describes an automated insertion loss measurement system which incorporates 980 nm, 1310 nm, 1529 nm and 1561 nm DFB lasers and two internal fiber optic standards. Insertion loss measurements collected with the system for WDM couplers and internal standards are presented. The system repeatability was validated by measuring the insertion loss for a WDM coupler six times at 980 nm, 1310 nm, 1529 nm and 1561 nm over 3 days period. The standard deviation calculated for the insertion loss measurements is less than 0.11 dB and the %CV is less than 1%.
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Tribble, Curt. "A Practical Minded Obsession: With the Possibility and Consequence of Failure." Heart Surgery Forum 19, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.1536.

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<p>The ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) in its description of its ‘Outcome Project’ notes that all training programs “must require its resident to obtain competencies in six areas to the level expected of a new practitioner” and these six competencies include: patient care and medical knowledge, interpersonal skills and professionalism, and systems based practice and practice based learning.</p><p>Furthermore, most hospital credentialing systems require evidence of successful adoption and practice of these same six competencies.</p><p>In his article entitled ‘Creating the Educated Surgeon of the 21<sup>st</sup> Century’ Atul Gawande concludes “We are doctors, not technicians. We must educate ourselves accordingly.” </p><p>[Gawande, A. The American Journal of Surgery 181: 551–556, 2001] </p>
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Keohane, Oisín. "Bodin on Sovereignty: Taking Exception to Translation?" Paragraph 38, no. 2 (July 2015): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2015.0161.

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This article analyses the definition of sovereignty that Bodin provides in his 1576 Six livres de la république, which outlines sovereignty using French, Greek, Latin, Italian and Hebrew terms. It argues that, despite this attention to more than one language, Bodin wishes to present sovereignty as an unbound ideality beyond any and every language. Nevertheless, it is argued that Bodin in fact privileges the French souveraineté as that which sets up the analogical continuity between Greek, Latin, Italian and Hebrew. Accordingly, the article tracks the importance of French for Bodin in the wake of the 1539 Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, as well Bodin's claim that one of the ‘true marks of sovereignty’ is the power of the sovereign to change the language of his subjects. It ends by suggesting that the status of the exception in translation is not a species of sovereign exception, as Jean-Luc Nancy proposes, but a matter of linguistic justice.
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Dipple, Geoffrey. "Sex, Blasphemy, and the Block: The Trial and Execution of Ludwig Hätzer." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 4 (January 28, 2018): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i4.29269.

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In early 1529, the Protestant authorities of Constance executed Ludwig Hätzer for disobedience and moral depravity. Although the court documents avoided any reference to his religious teachings, contemporaries speculated about the role that perceptions—that he was an Anabaptist who espoused heretical opinions—played in his conviction. This article uses Hätzer’s trial and execution as an opportunity to reflect on two topics of interest in studies of the early Reformation: the reluctance of reformers to level charges of heresy against each other, and their re-evaluation of human sexuality resulting from the rejection of clerical celibacy. Au début de 1529, les autorités protestantes de Constance ont exécuté Ludwig Hätzer pour désobéissance et dépravation morale. Bien que les documents juridiques évitent toute référence à ses enseignements religieux, ses contemporains ont multiplié les conjectures au sujet du rôle qu’a joué dans sa condamnation la conviction qu’il était un anabaptiste ayant des croyances hérétiques. Cet article examine le procès et l’exécution de Hätzer afin de réfléchir à deux questions importantes pour les études du début de la Réforme : la résistance des réformateurs à engager des accusations d’hérésies contre d’autres tenants de la Réforme, et leur reconsidération de la sexualité suite au rejet du celibate sacerdotal.
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RÍOS CONEJERO, Alejandro. "Estrategias de linaje y patrimonio en la oligarquía bajomedieval turolense: La pugna por la escribanía del Justicia de Morella." Medievalismo, no. 30 (November 16, 2020): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/medievalismo.455201.

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El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis de las estrategias familiares llevadas a cabo por la oligarquía turolense durante la Baja Edad Media con el fin de evitar la disgregación de su patrimonio. Para ejemplificar las herramientas usadas por los linajes de esta élite se analizará un bien concreto, las rentas de la escribanía de Morella y sus aldeas, a lo largo de seis generaciones, desde su adquisición en 1328 hasta su enajenación en 1519. The aim of this article is to analyse the strategies that the Turolean urban oligarchy carried out during the late Middle Ages in order to avoid the disintegration of their patrimony. A specific property is analysed to illustrate the resources used by the lineages of this elite: the assets of the scribe’s court of Morella and its villages. The study covers six generations, from its acquisition in 1328 to its alienation in 1519.
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Ingesman, Per. "“Vom Ehebruch und weglauffen”." Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 84, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v84i1.128068.

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Abstract: In 1539, Johann Bugenhagen wrote a book, Vom Ehebruch und weglauffen (“On adultery and desertion”), to advice King Christian III on the handling of marital cases. Based on Scripture, divorce is allowable only if a spouse commits adultery or runs away secretly. The article compares Bugenhagen’s two grounds for divorce with those found in Niels Hemmingsen’s Libellus de coniugio, repudio, et divortio from 1572 and in the Marriage Ordinance of King Frederik II of 1582. It is argued that Hemmingsen in allowing six grounds for divorce, including e.g. violence and impiety, follows Philipp Melanchthon, who not only accepted the two scriptural grounds, but also a number of additional grounds from Roman Law and Canon Law. With its three grounds for divorce – adultery, desertion, and impotence – the Marriage Ordinance of 1582 reflected legal practice developed in the law courts that had been handling marital cases since the introduction of the Reformation.
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Halebsky, Stephen. "Superstores and the Politics of Retail Development." City & Community 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-6841.2004.00072.x.

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This article investigates retail development as a social problem, a political phenomenon, and an increasingly important form of urban development. I focus on mass retail, as exemplified by superstores. The data come from six case studies, carried out onsite, of local controversies over the siting of Wal‐Mart superstores. I analyze retail development and the conflicts that it may provoke in terms of six key categories: economic context, actors, dynamic, interests, ideology, and consumption. Throughout the analysis I critically engage the growth machine perspective and suggest how it may be modified to better account for the peculiarities of retail development. I argue that retail development does not necessarily lead to growth and that mass retail is driven by the pursuit of market share and profit, not growth. I also introduce several new concepts: the global development machine, which has taken over certain functions of the growth machine; the shoppers, a local group that appears to value shopping over broader community interests; and the ideology of shopping, which serves to promote retail development.
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Saraux, A., C. Guedes, H. Belghomari, P. Youinou, and P. Le Goff. "Sex-associated factors and the presentation of rheumatoid arthritis: Comment on the article by Weyand et al." Arthritis & Rheumatism 42, no. 3 (March 1999): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:3<588::aid-anr33>3.0.co;2-g.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Six Articles, 1539"

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Park, Sung Bae. "The acquisition of written English articles by Korean learners /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240682871&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Kim, Kyoungsook. "The interpretation and processing of English articles by native speakers of Korean /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203549901&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Book chapters on the topic "Six Articles, 1539"

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"The Act of the Six Articles, 1539." In Documents of the English Reformation, 195–204. The Lutterworth Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvss3z15.23.

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Marshall, Peter. "Mumpsimus and Sumpsimus." In Heretics and Believers. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300170627.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the Act of Six Articles, passed in 1539 by Henry VIII to enforce under heavy penalties the fundamental doctrines of the Church of England. In many respects, the Six Articles were a disaster for the reformers, affirming a traditionalist line on all the propositions Norfolk placed before Parliament. For one, heresy and treason became thoroughly conflated. The Six Articles were a setback for evangelicals, and a shot in the arm for conservatives, but they did not signal any fundamental repudiation of the path Henry had followed since 1532. The chapter analyses the ways that the Act of Six Articles not only reinforced existing heresy laws and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine as the basis of faith for the English Church, but also determined the political fate of Thomas Cromwell, archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, and the other reformist leaders.
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Bierma, Lyle D. "The Consensus Tigurinus (1549)." In Font of Pardon and New Life, 86–113. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553879.003.0005.

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Chapter Abstract: This chapter explores the fourth phase of development in Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy by examining the Consensus Tigurinus (Zurich Consensus, 1549), an agreement between Calvin and Bullinger on the doctrine of the sacraments. Scholars such as Davis and Janse have argued that this document represented a triumph for Bullinger and a full retreat by Calvin. However, in a careful analysis of seventeen of the twenty-six articles in the Consensus, the chapter concludes that although Calvin might have wished to phrase things differently at times or to retain some of his typical vocabulary, all the major themes, and sometimes the very language, of these articles can be found in his earlier writings. Conversely, all the major themes in his earlier writings that were related to the sacraments in general and to baptism in particular appear again in some form in the Consensus Tigurinus.
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Bierma, Lyle D. "Baptismal Efficacy in the Reformed Confessions." In Font of Pardon and New Life, 175–240. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197553879.003.0008.

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Chapter Abstract: To round out the narrative of this book, this chapter examines the impact of Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy on the codification of Reformed theology in eight major statements of faith. Six are from the era of the great national confessions (c. 1555–70), which straddled the death of Calvin in 1564: the French [Gallican] Confession (1559), the Scots Confession (1560), the Belgic Confession (1561), the Heidelberg Catechism (1563), the Second Helvetic Confession (1566), and the Thirty-Nine Articles (1571). The other two are a well-known pair of English doctrinal statements from the mid-seventeenth century: the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646) and Westminster Larger Catechism (1647). The chapter concludes that most of these confessions display Calvinian features in their doctrines of baptismal efficacy. Only the Heidelberg Catechism and Second Helvetic Confession do not go beyond symbolic parallelism to symbolic instrumentalism—another indication of the theological diversity within early Reformed Protestantism.
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