Relevant bibliographies by topics / Size and surface effects

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Size and surface effects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Size and surface effects"

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Cserháti, Cs, I. A. Szabó, and D. L. Beke. "Size effects in surface segregation." Journal of Applied Physics 83, no. 6 (1998): 3021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367125.

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Rogien, Alexis, Grace Jansen, and Tom Zimmermann. "Surface termination, crystal size, and bonding-site density effects on diamond biosensing surfaces." Diamond and Related Materials 106 (June 2020): 107843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107843.

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Gokhfel’d, V. M., O. V. Kirichenko, and V. G. Peschanskii. "Acoustoelectronic size effects in metals (review)." Low Temperature Physics 19, no. 1 (1993): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0033343.

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We consider acoustoelectronic phenomena in conductors with a high density of charge carriers under conditions when their mean free path compares to or exceeds the specimen thickness. In an external magnetic field, the scattering of electrons by the specimen boundary being close to the specular, a number of resonant and oscillatory effects occur that are due to the magneto-size quantization of the charge carrier energy or due to the effect of scattering at the conductor surface on their ballistics. These effects are analyzed over a wide range of acoustic frequencies for an arbitrary dispersion law of charge carriers. The oscillation period and the resonance magnetic field values contain more detailed information on the local characteristics of the Fermi surface as compared to acoustoelectronic phenomena in bulk specimens. Analysis of the smoothly (vs. H) varying part of the sound absorption decrement allows a detailed investigation into the dissipation mechanism in the system of electrons, which stems from their scattering by the specimen boundary. Acoustoelectronic phenomena have been analyzed for the condition of Andreev reflection of charge carriers by the normal metal–superconductor interface. Effect of the surface scattering of charge carriers on the electron-mediated transport of acoustic pulses is considered and the possibility is demonstrated of using a metal with open Fermi surfaces as a multiplier of sound pulses.
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Abraham, D. B., and N. M. Švrakić. "Exact Finite-Size Effects in Surface Tension." Physical Review Letters 56, no. 11 (1986): 1172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.56.1172.

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Zheng, Quanshui, and Cunjing Lü. "Size Effects of Surface Roughness to Superhydrophobicity." Procedia IUTAM 10 (2014): 462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.piutam.2014.01.041.

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Kachkachi, H., M. Noguès, E. Tronc, and D. A. Garanin. "Finite-size versus surface effects in nanoparticles." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 221, no. 1-2 (2000): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(00)00390-5.

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Molnár, D. K., and P. Y. Julien. "Grid-Size Effects on Surface Runoff Modeling." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 5, no. 1 (2000): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(2000)5:1(8).

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Chen, Xiao Liang, Jian Ping Ding, and Xiao Rong Wang. "Study of Size Effects on Stiffness Matrix." Applied Mechanics and Materials 684 (October 2014): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.684.49.

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The surface effect can be significant for nanoscale structures, and the surface energy is expected to be prominent in governing the geometric size-dependent deformation and strength mechanisms of single crystals at the nanoscale. In a new numerical method which combines surface energy and three-dimensional finite element analysis, size effects on the stiffness matrix with surface effects was studied numerically. Results show the surface stiffness matrix is more and more important relative to the bulk stiffness matrix with the size of elements decreasing.
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Gerberich, W. W., N. I. Tymiak, J. C. Grunlan, M. F. Horstemeyer, and M. I. Baskes. "Interpretations of Indentation Size Effects." Journal of Applied Mechanics 69, no. 4 (2002): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1469004.

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For very shallow indentations in W, Al, Au, and Fe-3wt%Si single crystals, hardness decreased with increasing depth irrespective of increasing or decreasing strain gradients. As such, strain gradient theory appears insufficient to explain the indentation size effect (ISE) at depths less than several hundred nanometers. Present research links the ISE to a ratio between the energy of newly created surface and plastic strain energy dissipation. Also, the contact surface to plastic volume ratio was nearly constant for a range of shallow depths. Based on the above, an analytical model of hardness versus depth provides a satisfactory fit to the experimental data and correlates well with embedded atom simulations.
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Orea, Pedro, Jorge López-Lemus, and José Alejandre. "Oscillatory surface tension due to finite-size effects." Journal of Chemical Physics 123, no. 11 (2005): 114702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2018640.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Size and surface effects"

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Blanco-Mantecon, Mireia. "Interactions, particle size and surface effects in magnetic nanoparticle systems." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interactions-particle-size-and-surface-effects-in-magnetic-nanoparticle-systems(2f7d3ef7-ef4c-43b0-b3ad-9e5c68f629e5).html.

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This work has involved the study of the magnetic behaviour of small magnetic nanoparticle systems. Due to the reduced size of magnetic nanoparticles they present distinctive properties, such as size and surface effects, that have been analysed in this work, as well as the effect of interactions in such systems. The samples chosen for the study were magnetite particles in the form of a ferrofluid and Co nanoclusters in a nonmagnetic matrix of Cu. Both systems present very narrow particle size distributions, which facilitates the interpretation of the data. The samples have been subjected to basic characterisation, which includes the determination of the distribution of magnetic particle sizes using the magnetisation curves at room temperatures, TEM microscopy and X-ray diffraction, in the case of the ferrofluid samples. For the nanoclusters, a time of flight spectrometer has been used to obtain the number of atoms per cluster. Many of the measurements have been performed at low temperatures, where thermal effects are minimised. For such measurements the samples have been frozen in a zero applied field, so that they have a random distribution of magnetic moments prior to the measurement. The energy barrier distributions have been calculated via the temperature decay of remanence (TDR). From this study, an effective anisotropy constant has been calculated. For the study of the interactions, surface and size effects, magnetisation, susceptibility (ZFC), remanence and delta-M curves, as well as the time dependence of magnetisation have been studied. The attempt frequency of the different particle size systems has been calculated using different techniques. The basic magnetic behaviour can be explained on the basis of the Neel blocking model. It has been found that the systems with the smaller particles have significant surface effects, which are enhanced at lower temperatures. Interactions, which are weak due to the low concentration of magnetic material in the samples (<10%), have been found to be overall demagnetising and the evolution of the magnetic properties with dilution has been explained. As is the case for the surface effects, interaction effects are stronger at low temperatures due the reduction of thermal effects. The experimental results have been compared with calculations from a Montecarlo model for fine particles, which includes the effects of concentration, anisotropy, particle size and temperature.
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Liu, Chang. "Controlled Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Dissolution: Surface Coating, Size and Temperature Effects." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97509.

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The environmental fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials have been broadly investigated and evaluated in many published studies. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent one of the most widely manufactured nanomaterials. They are currently being incorporated into a wide range of consumer products due to their purported antimicrobial properties. However, either the AgNPs themselves or dissolved Ag+ ions has a significant potential for the environmental release. The safety issues for nanoparticles are continuously being tested because of their potential danger to the environment and human health. Studies have explored the toxicity of AgNPs to a variety of organisms and have shown such toxicity is primarily driven by Ag+ ion release. Dissolution of nanoparticles is an important process that alters their properties and is a critical step in determining their safety. Therefore, studying nanoparticles' dissolution can help in the current move towards safer design and application of nanoparticles. This research endeavor sought to acquire comprehensive kinetic data of AgNP dissolution to aid in the development of quantitative risk assessments of AgNP fate. To evaluate the dissolution process in the absence of nanoparticle aggregation, AgNP arrays were produced on glass substrates using nanosphere lithography (NSL). Changes in the size and shape of the prepared AgNP arrays were monitored during the dissolution process by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dissolution of AgNP is affected by both internal and external factors. First, surface coating effects were investigated by using three different coating agents (BSA, PEG1000, and PEG5000). Capping agent effects nanoparticle transformation rate by blocking reactants from the nanoparticle surface. Coatings prevented dissolution to different extents due to the various way they were attached to the AgNP surface. Evidence for the existence of bonds between the coating agents and the AgNPs was obtained by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, to study the size effects on AgNP dissolution, small, medium, and large sized AgNPs were used. The surrounding medium and temperature were the two variables that were included in the size effects study. Relationships were established between medium concentration and dissolution rate for three different sized AgNP samples. By using the Arrhenius equation to plot the reaction constant vs. reaction temperature, the activation energy of AgNPs of different sizes were obtained and compared.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>Nanomaterials, defined as materials with at least one characteristic dimension less than 100 nm, often have useful attributes that are distinct from the bulk material. The novel physical, chemical, and biological properties enable the promising applications in various manufacturing industry. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent one of the most widely manufactured nanomaterials and has been used as the antimicrobial agent in a wide range of consumer products. However, either the AgNPs themselves or dissolved Ag+ ions has a significant potential for the environmental release. The environmental fate and transport of AgNPs drawn considerable attentions because of the potential danger to environment and human health. Dissolution of nanoparticles is an important process that alters their properties and is a critical step in determining their safety. Ag+ ions migrate from the nanoparticle surface to the bulk solution when an AgNP dissolves. Studying nanoparticles' dissolution can help in the current move towards safer design and application of nanoparticles. This research aimed to acquire comprehensive kinetic data of AgNP dissolution to aid in the development of quantitative risk assessments of AgNP fate. AgNP arrays were produced on glass substrates using nanosphere lithography (NSL) and changes in the size and shape during the dissolution process were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM). First, surface coating effects were investigated by using three different coating agents. Coatings prevented dissolution to different extents due to the various way they were attached to the AgNP surface. Moreover, small, medium, and large sized AgNPs were used to study the size effects on AgNP dissolution. The surrounding medium concentration and temperature were the two variables that were included in the size effects study.
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Fromm, Bradley S. "Incorporating Grain Size Effects in Taylor Crystal Plasticity." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1275.

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A method to incorporate grain size effects into crystal plasticity is presented. The classical Hall-Petch equation inaccurately predicts the macroscopic yield strength for materials with non-equiaxed grains or materials that contain unequal grain size distributions. These deficiencies can be overcome by incorporating both grain size and orientation characteristics into crystal plasticity theory. Homogenization relationships based on a viscoplastic Taylor-like approach are introduced along with a new function, the grain size and orientation distribution function (GSODF). Estimates of the GSODF for high purity α-titanium are recovered through orientation imaging microscopy coupled with the chord length distribution. A comparison between the new method and the traditional viscoplastic Taylor approach is made by evaluating yield surface plots.
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Chan, Godine Kok Yan. "Effects of droplet size on intrusion of sub-surface oil spills." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79493.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 2013.<br>"February 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-90).<br>This thesis explores the effects of droplet size on droplet intrusion in sub-surface oil spills. Laboratory experiments were performed where glass beads of various sizes, which serve to simulate oil droplets in deepsea oil spills, were released vertically in a quiescent salinity stratified ambient and descended as multi-phase plumes. The two-tank stratification method was used to create linear density profiles for all experiments. The resulting radial concentration distributions of the dispersed phases were obtained by collecting the settled particles from the bottom of the tank. The radial distributions recorded were found to resemble Gaussian distributions, based on visual observations and analyses of kurtosis, which is consistent with particles being vertically well mixed in the intrusion layer. A new typology was proposed to describe plume structures with UN= us/(BN)¹/⁴ </= 1.4. For UN </=1.4 particle detrain from the plem, but only those with smallest slip velocity (UN </+0.3) intrude. An analytical model assuming well-mixed particle distributions within the intrusion layer was also used to predict the spread of the particle distribution based on initial buoyancy flux B, stratification frequency N, the particle slip velocity us, and the non-dimensional slip velocity UN. Comparison between experimental results and the analytical model suggested that the model accurately predicts the spread of the particles for UN </=1.4. Experiments with beads of difference sizes also suggested that the interaction between two particle groups has minimal effects on their radial particle spread. This indicates that particles of difference sizes can be treated independently when analyzing their radial plume spread. Chemical dispersants produce small oil droplets and the current experiments provide references on the minimum diameter needed for efficient particle spread (Type la* plume). By knowing the following parameters for a scenario - 1) initial buoyancy flux B; 2) the ambient stratification profile N; and 3) the slip velocities of the droplets u, - suitable amounts of dispersant can be determined and applied to reduce the size of the particles exiting the spill, allowing them to intrude and spread for a larger distance in the ocean column. A hypothetical example with conditions taken from the 'Deep Spill' experiment and Deepwater Horizon oil spill was also presented for reference.<br>by Godine Kok Yan Chan.<br>S.M.
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Slaymaker, Elizabeth Ann. "Effects of surface active agents on drop size in liquid-liquid systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10260.

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Wu, Yunhui. "Experimental Investigation of Size Effects on Surface Phonon Polaritons and Phonon Transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC012/document.

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La conduction thermique devient moins efficace à mesure que la taille des struc-tures diminuent en desous du micron, car la diffusion de surface des phononsdevient prédominante et limite plus efficacement les phonons que la diffusionphonon-phonon Umklapp. Des études récentes ont indiqué que les phonon po-laritons de surface (SPhPs), qui sont les ondes électromagnétiques évanescentesgénérées par l’hybridation des phonons optiques et des photons et se propageantà la surface d’une surface diélectrique polaire, pourraient servir de nouveauxvecteurs de chaleur pour améliorer les performances thermiques dans des dis-positifs micro- et nano-métriques. Nous étudions l’état des SPhPs existantdans un film submicronique diélectrique dans une large gamme de fréquences.Le calcul de la conductivité thermique des SPhPs basé sur l’équation de trans-port de Boltzmann (BTE) montre que le flux de chaleur transporté par lesSPhPs est supérieur à celui des phonons. Nous effectuons également une mesurede réflectance thermique dans le domaine temporel (TDTR) de films submi-croniques deSiNet démontrons que la conductivité thermique due aux SPhPsà haute température augmente lorsque l’épaisseur du film dimine. Les résultatsprésentés dans cette thèse ont des applications potentielles dans le domaine dutransfert de chaleur, de la gestion thermique, du rayonnement en champ proche et de la polaritoniques<br>Thermal conduction becomes less efficient as structures scale down into submicron sizes since phonon-boundary scattering becomes predominant and impede phonons more efficiently than Umklapp scattering. Recent studies indicated that the surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), which are the evanescent electromagnetic waves generated by the hybridation of the optical phonons and the photons and propagating at the surface of a polar dielectric material surface, potentially serve as novel heat carriers to enhance the thermal performance in micro- and nanoscale devices. We study the condition of SPhPs existing in a dielectric submicron film with a broad frequency range. The calculaton of SPhPs thermal conductivity based on Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) demonstrates that the heat flux carried by SPhPs exceeds the one carried by phonons. We also conduct a time-domain-thermal-reflectance (TDTR) measurement of $SiN$ submicron films and demonstrate that the thermal conductivity due to the SPhPs at high temperatures increases by decreasing the film thickness. The results presented in this thesis have potential applications in the field of heat transfer, thermal management, near-field radiation and polaritonics
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Shen, Christopher. "Effects of surface chemistry and size on iron oxide nanoparticle delivery of oligonucleotides." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39520.

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The discovery of RNA interference and the increasing understanding of disease genetics have created a new class of potential therapeutics based on oligonucleotides. This therapeutic class includes antisense molecules, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA modulators such as antagomirs (antisense directed against microRNA) and microRNA mimics, all of which function by altering gene expression at the translational level. While these molecules have the promise of treating a host of diseases from neurological disorders to cancer, a major hurdle is their inability to enter cells on their own, where they may render therapeutic effect. Nanotechnology is the engineering of materials at the nanometer scale and has gained significant interest for nucleic acid delivery due to its biologically relevant length-scale and amenability to multifunctionality. While a number of nanoparticle vehicles have shown promise for oligonucleotide delivery, there remains a lack of understanding of how nanoparticle coating and size affect these delivery processes. This dissertation seeks to elucidate some of these factors by evaluating oligonucleotide delivery efficiencies of a panel of iron oxide nanoparticles with varying cationic coatings and sizes. A panel of uniformly-sized nanoparticles was prepared with surface coatings comprised of various amine groups representing high and low pKas. A separate panel of nanoparticles with sizes of 40, 80, 150, and 200 nm but with the same cationic coating was also prepared. Results indicated that both nanoparticle surface coating and nanoparticle hydrodynamic size affect transfection efficiency. Specific particle coatings and sizes were identified that gave superior performance. The intracellular fate of iron oxide nanoparticles was also tracked by electron microscopy and suggests that they function via the proton sponge effect. The research presented in this dissertation may aid in the rational design of improved nanoparticle delivery vectors for nucleic acid-based therapy.
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Reynolds, Bryan. "Electronic Transport Properties of Nanonstructured Semiconductors: Temperature Dependence and Size Effects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1463130513.

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Liu, Kai. "Process modeling of micro-cutting including strain gradient effects." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11112005-142011/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.<br>Melkote, Shreyes, Committee Chair ; Zhou, Min, Committee Member ; Liang, Steven, Committee Member ; Thadhani, Naresh, Committee Member ; Haj-Ali, Rami, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Schoop, Julius M. "Engineered Surface Properties of Porous Tungsten from Cryogenic Machining." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/49.

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Porous tungsten is used to manufacture dispenser cathodes due to it refractory properties. Surface porosity is critical to functional performance of dispenser cathodes because it allows for an impregnated ceramic compound to migrate to the emitting surface, lowering its work function. Likewise, surface roughness is important because it is necessary to ensure uniform wetting of the molten impregnate during high temperature service. Current industry practice to achieve surface roughness and surface porosity requirements involves the use of a plastic infiltrant during machining. After machining, the infiltrant is baked and the cathode pellet is impregnated. In this context, cryogenic machining is investigated as a substitutionary process for the current plastic infiltration process. Along with significant reductions in cycle time and resource use, surface quality of cryogenically machined un-infiltrated (as-sintered) porous tungsten has been shown to significantly outperform dry machining. The present study is focused on examining the relationship between machining parameters and cooling condition on the as-machined surface integrity of porous tungsten. The effects of cryogenic pre-cooling, rake angle, cutting speed, depth of cut and feed are all taken into consideration with respect to machining-induced surface morphology. Cermet and Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools are used to develop high performance cryogenic machining of porous tungsten. Dry and pre-heated machining were investigated as a means to allow for ductile mode machining, yet severe tool-wear and undesirable smearing limited the feasibility of these approaches. By using modified PCD cutting tools, high speed machining of porous tungsten at cutting speeds up to 400 m/min is achieved for the first time. Beyond a critical speed, brittle fracture and built-up edge are eliminated as the result of a brittle to ductile transition. A model of critical chip thickness (hc) effects based on cutting force, temperature and surface roughness data is developed and used to study the deformation mechanisms of porous tungsten under different machining conditions. It is found that when hmax = hc, ductile mode machining of otherwise highly brittle porous tungsten is possible. The value of hc is approximately the same as the average ligament size of the 80% density porous tungsten workpiece.
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Books on the topic "Size and surface effects"

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Geological Survey (U.S.). GIS surface effects archive of underground nuclear detonations conducted at Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. The Survey, 2001.

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Frassinelli, Mark C. Effect of tail size reductions on longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of a three-surface F-15 model with nonaxisymmetric nozzles. Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. GIS Surface Effects Map Archive, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 03-151, 2003, (CD-ROM). s.n., 2003.

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Kontakiotis, Ioannis T. The effect of volume fraction, specific surface and age on the first crack load and size of ferrocement in flexure. UMIST, 1997.

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Kondo, Jun, and A. Yoshimori, eds. Fermi Surface Effects. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83425-7.

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Gaggiani, Neville G. Effects of land disposal of municipal sewage sludge on soil, streambed sediment, and ground- and surface-water quality at a site near Denver, Colorado. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.

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Aliofkhazraei, Mahmood. Nanocoatings: Size Effect in Nanostructured Films. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. GIS Surface Effects Archive of Underground Nuclear Detonations Constructed at Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 01-272, 2001. s.n., 2001.

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Fiorani, Dino, ed. Surface Effects in Magnetic Nanoparticles. Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b136494.

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Altenbach, Holm, and Nikita F. Morozov, eds. Surface Effects in Solid Mechanics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35783-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Size and surface effects"

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Apostol, N. G., and C. M. Teodorescu. "Surface Reactivity and Magnetism at Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces." In Size Effects in Nanostructures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44479-5_8.

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Takiya, Toshio, Karin Furukawa, Naoaki Fukuda, Min Han, and Minoru Yaga. "Nucleation Kinetics, Size Effects, and Surface Treatment." In Handbook of Nanoparticles. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15338-4_15.

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Takiya, Toshio, Karin Furukawa, Naoaki Fukuda, Min Han, and Minoru Yaga. "Nucleation Kinetics, Size Effects, and Surface Treatment." In Handbook of Nanoparticles. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13188-7_15-1.

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Iglesias, Òscar, and Hamid Kachkachi. "Single Nanomagnet Behaviour: Surface and Finite-Size Effects." In New Trends in Nanoparticle Magnetism. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60473-8_1.

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Pijaudier-Cabot, G., D. Toussaint, M. Pathirage, D. Grégoire, R. Vermorel, and G. Cusatis. "Surface and size effects on elasticity and fracture." In Computational Modelling of Concrete and Concrete Structures. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003316404-6.

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Brochard-Wyart, F., A. Ghazi, M. Le Maire, and M. Martin. "Size Exclusion Chromatography and Surface Effects in Porous Fractals." In New Trends in Physics and Physucal Chemistry of Polymers. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0543-9_12.

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Zhu, H. X. "Size-Dependent Elastic Properties of Honeycombs." In IUTAM Symposium on Surface Effects in the Mechanics of Nanomaterials and Heterostructures. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4911-5_14.

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Wang, Biao. "Size and Surface Effects of Phase Transition on Nanoferroelectric Materials." In Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33596-9_5.

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Binder, K. "Finite Size Effects in Thin Film Simulations." In Computer Simulations of Surfaces and Interfaces. Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0173-1_15.

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de Heer, Walt A. "Confinement and Size Effects in Free Metal Clusters." In Metal Clusters at Surfaces. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57169-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Size and surface effects"

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Shukla, Pavan K., Andrew Nordquist, Xihua He, Len J. Krissa, and Jerry DeWitt. "Evaluation of Edge, Size, and Native Potential Effects on Direct Current Cathodic Protection Coupons." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-08976.

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Abstract Direct Current (DC) Cathodic Protection (CP) coupons are widely used in the pipeline industry to monitor the CP potential and estimate current densities at holidays. Various DC coupon shapes include flat metal surface embedded in an insulating plane and short cylinders. Of these, flat coupons, including rectangular and disk shapes, are most widely used as they are assumed to be representative of holidays at the pipe surface. However, embedded flat coupons are prone to current density measurement errors due to edge effects. Because the holidays on the pipeline are surrounded by coated surfaces, the current density distribution on the coupons is expected to be different than on the holidays. Specifically, a holiday covered by a coating will have a lesser edge effect due to coating conductance and thickness compared to the coupon surface, which is surrounded by insulating material. The size of the coupon with respect to an actual holiday can influence interpretation of the coupon data. In addition, different metallurgy and acclimation periods between the coupon and holiday could lead to different native potentials, causing differences in coupon and holiday current and potential distributions. This paper investigates edge, size, and native potential effects on the CP coupon current density and identifies a methodology to interpret the coupon electric current and potential data at the holiday surface. A model was developed to study the effects on the CP coupon current density and interpretation of the CP coupon data for a given holiday. The model results indicate that the most dominant factor affecting coupon is the size, followed by corrosion potential. The size of the coupon relative to the holiday will cause its current density and off-potential to be different from the holiday. The difference in the native (corrosion) potentials of the coupon and holiday causes a significant difference in the current densities but only a marginal difference in the off-potential values, provided surface areas of the two are the same.
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Tsaprailis, Haralampos, and Shan (Sherry) Rao. "The Effects of Different Blast Abrasives on the Performance of Liquid-Applied Epoxy Pipeline Coatings." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17806.

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Abstract The importance of surface preparation on the successful performance of protective coatings is well-recognized. Typically, abrasive blast cleaning is routinely used to achieve the required surface conditions prior to the application of a coating. Despite having been utilized for about 150 years, a literature review revealed that little attention was given to the effects of different blast abrasives on coating performance. It is accepted by most professionals that all abrasives would provide similarly optimized surfaces, as long as the right size of abrasive is selected and the proper surface preparation technique is implemented. Consequently, research has focused primarily on characterizing surface roughness and identifying effective profile parameters prior to coating application. This paper summarizes the results of a comprehensive study carried out on two representative liquid-applied epoxy pipeline coatings that were applied over 15 different surfaces that all met the requirements of NACE No. 2/SSPC-SP10. Ten different blast media were used to prepare the surfaces that included metallic, glass, garnet, coal slags, mineral slag, and mineral blend abrasives. For certain abrasives, two different sizes were deliberately chosen to confirm whether proper abrasive size can further improve performance or whether the selection of compatible abrasive is more critical. In this work, the levels of dust and embedment as well as soluble salt contamination for the 15 prepared surfaces were examined to assist in data analysis. Replica tape, stylus surface roughness tester, and 3D replica tape imaging methods were employed to characterize the prepared surfaces and the performance test program included pull-off and X-cut adhesion techniques to evaluate the initial coating/substrate interfacial adhesion strengths, and hot water immersion, and cathodic disbondment tests to investigate the effects of the different abrasive prepared surfaces on protective efficiency of the two coatings.
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He, Xihua S., Pavan K. Shukla, and Andrew Norquist. "Experiments and Mathematical Modeling to Assess the Effect of Cathodic Protection Coupon Geometry and Size on Current Distribution." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11369.

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Abstract This study was conducted to determine optimal coupon size and shape of the coupons with minimal edge effect in terms of cathodic current distribution. Specifically, experiments and corrosion modeling were conducted to develop an approach to evaluate optimal cathodic protection (CP) coupon size and shape for monitoring CP in field. Experiments were conducted with 10, 50, and 100 cm2 coupons in circular, triangular, and cylindrical shapes. The experiments included linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic cathodic polarization, and potentiostatic polarization measurements. The experimental cells used in the experiments were modeled for the current distribution at the coupons surfaces. The pH of the sand directly next to the coupons surface was measured, which was found to be more basic than the bulk sand pH, indicating that cathodic currents resulted in generation of alkalinity which was absorbed by the sand. The experimental data were input in a pipeline CP model that included a 10 cm2 holiday and a coupon with varying sizes and shapes. The coupon sizes and shapes included a factorial combination of 10, 50, and 100 cm2 surface areas and circular and cylindrical shapes. The simulation data indicated that edge effects are minimal for a 10 cm2 cylindrical coupon and 100 cm2 circular coupon under various cathodic polarization conditions.
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Shapoval, O. V., R. Sauleau, and A. I. Nosich. "Surface plasmon resonances and gap size effects in multistrip nanoantennas." In 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling (LFNM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lfnm.2011.6144958.

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Zinovieva, O., E. Emelianova, and T. Emelianova. "Effects of grain size on surface roughening in deformed polycrystals." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES 2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5132273.

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Abu Al-Rub, Rashid. "Surface/Interfacial Effects on Size Dependent Strength of Micro/Nano Systems." In 49th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
16th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
10t. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1946.

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Toyoda, N., and I. Yamada. "Cluster size effects of gas cluster ion beams on surface modification." In ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY: 16th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology - IIT 2006. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2401497.

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Pustovit, Vitaliy N., and Tigran V. Shahbazyan. "Quantum-size effects in surface-enhanced Raman scattering from noble-metal nanoparticles." In International Quantum Electronics Conference. OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iqec.2004.iwa26.

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Hsu, Ming Seng, Shiang Shi Cheng, Yueh Ouyang, et al. "Effects of surface particle size of photopolymerizable silica glasses in holographic recording." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Francis T. S. Yu, Ruyan Guo, and Shizhuo Yin. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.680010.

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Akagi, Hideyuki. "Effects of toner charge, size, and surface structure on its adhesion forces." In SPIE/IS&T 1992 Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, edited by Jan Bares. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.59680.

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Reports on the topic "Size and surface effects"

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Grasso, Dennis. GIS Surface Effects Map Archive, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816940.

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Grasso, D. N. Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing, Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/756465.

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Letcher, Theodore, and Julie Parno. Incorporating advanced snow microphysics and lateral transport into the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47660.

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The dynamic state of the land surface presents challenges and opportunities for military and civil operations in extreme cold environments. In particular, the effects of snow and frozen ground on Soldier and vehicle mobility are hard to overstate. Current authoritative weather and land models are run at global scales (i.e., dx &gt; 10 km) and are of limited use at the Soldier scale (dx &lt; 100 m). Here, we describe several snow physics upgrades made to the Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) community land surface model (LSM). These upgrades include a blowing snow overlay to simulate the lateral redistribution of snow by the wind and the addition of new prognostic snow microstructure variables, namely grain size and bond radius. These additions represent major upgrades to the snow component of the Noah-MP LSM because they incorporate processes and methods used in more specialized snow modeling frameworks. These upgrades are demonstrated in idealized and real-world applications. The test simulations were promising and show that the newly added snow physics replicate observed behavior with reasonable accuracy. We hope these upgrades facilitate ongoing and future research on characterizing the effects of the integrated snow and soil land surface in extreme cold environments at the tactical scale.
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Shao, Dahai. Surface-supported Ag islands stabilized by a quantum size effect: Their interaction with small molecules relevant to ethylene epoxidation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1116719.

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Clausen, Jay, Samuel Beal, Thomas Georgian, Kevin Gardner, Thomas Douglas, and Ashley Mossell. Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41241.

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Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamination of surface soils on small-arms ranges, but representative kilogram-sized ISM subsamples are affected by the range of metallic residue particle sizes in the sample. This study compares the precision and concentrations of metals in a small-arms range soil sample processed by a puck mill, ring and puck mill, ball mill, and mortar and pestle prior to analysis. The ball mill, puck mill, and puck and ring mill produced acceptable relative standard deviations of less than 15% for the anthropogenic metals of interest (Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)), with the ball mill exhibiting the greatest precision for Pb, Cu, and Zn. Precision by mortar and pestle, without milling, was considerably higher (40% to &gt;100%) for anthropogenic metals. Media anthropogenic metal concentrations varied by more than 40% between milling methods, with the greatest concentrations produced by the puck mill, followed by the puck and ring mill and then the ball mill. Metal concentrations were also dependent on milling time, with concentrations stabilizing for the puck mill by 300 s but still increasing for the ball mill over 20 h. Differences in metal concentrations were not directly related to the surface area of the milled sample. Overall, the tested milling methods were successful in producing reproducible data for soils containing metallic residues. However, the effects of milling type and time on concentrations require consideration in environmental investigations.
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Lenz, Mark. RV POSEIDON Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report POS536/Leg 1. GEOMAR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_56_2020.

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DIPLANOAGAP: Distribution of Plastics in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch Ponta Delgada (Portugal) – Malaga (Spain) 17.08. – 12.09.2019 The expedition POS 536 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative of GEOMAR investigating the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus will be on the vertical transfer of plastic debris from the surface and near-surface waters to the deep sea and on the processes that mediate this transport. The obtained data will help to develop quantitative models that provide information about the level of plastic pollution in the different compartments of the open ocean (surface, water column, seafloor). Furthermore, the effects of plastic debris on marine organisms in the open ocean will be assessed. The cruise will provide data about the: (1) abundance of plastic debris with a minimum size of 100 μm as well as the composition of polymer types in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (2) abundance and composition of plastic debris in organic aggregates (“marine snow”), (3) in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates and fish) and in fecal pellets, (4) abundance and the identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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Grasso, D. N. GIS surface effects archive of underground nuclear detonations conducted at Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/788834.

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Gordon, Dalia, Ke Dong, and Michael Gurevitz. Unexpected Specificity of a Sea Anemone Small Toxin for Insect Na-channels and its Synergic Effects with Various Insecticidal Ligands: A New Model to Mimic. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697114.bard.

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Motivated by the high risks to the environment and human health imposed by the current overuse of chemical insecticides we offer an alternative approach for the design of highly active insect-selective compounds that will be based on the ability of natural toxins to differentiate between insect and mammalian targets. We wish to unravel the interacting surfaces of insect selective toxins with their receptor sites on voltage-gated sodium channels. In this proposal we put forward two recent observations that may expedite the development of a new generation of insect killers that mimic the highly selective insecticidal toxins: (i) A small (27aa) highly insecticidal sea anemone toxin, Av3, whose toxicity to mammals is negligible; (ii) The prominent positive cooperativity between distinct channel ligands, such as the strong enhancement of pyrethroids effects by anti-insect selective scorpion depressant toxins. We possess a repertoire of insecticidal toxins and sodium channel subtypes all available in recombinant form for mutagenesis followed by analysis of various pharmacological, electrophysiological, and structural methods. Our recent success to express Av3 provides for the first time a selective toxin for receptor site-3 on insect sodium channels. In parallel, our recent success to determine the structures and bioactive surfaces of insecticidal site-3 and site-4 toxins establishes a suitable system for elucidation of toxin-receptor interacting faces. This is corroborated by our recent identification of channel residues involved with these two receptor sites. Our specific aims in this proposal are to (i) Determine the bioactive surface of Av3 toward insect Na-channels; (ii) Identify channel residues involved in binding or activity of the insecticidal toxins Av3 and LqhaIT, which differ substantially in their potency on mammals; (iii) Illuminate channel residues involved in recognition by the anti-insect depressant toxins; (iv) Determine the face of interaction of both site-3 (Av3) and site-4 (LqhIT2) toxins with insect sodium channels using thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis; and, (v) Examine whether Av3, LqhIT2, pyrethroids, and indoxacarb (belongs to a new generation of insecticides), enhance allosterically the action of one another on the fruit fly and cockroach paraNa-channels and on their kdr and super-kdr mutants. This research establishes the grounds for rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health, and offers a new approach in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increases insecticidal action and reduces risks of resistance buildup.
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Hallett, J. B. L51525 Sizing of Girth Weld Defects Using Focused Ultrasonic Beams. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010202.

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This project was produced to evaluate the performance of focused beams in sizing and positioning defects in pipeline girth welds. The sound beams from standard flat transducers were focused using acoustic lenses. Two types of plastics, having different sound velocities are used in the design of these lenses. One is used for the lens and the other for the wedge. The profile of the lens/wedge boundary was designed to focus the sound at a selected depth. The design takes into account the beam angle, beam diameter, focal point and working range required. The effects of test surface curvature were also incorporated into the design. This project was conducted in three phases using sample welds containing real defects, such as root cracks, slag and lack of sidewall fusion. In Phase III the individual defect size predictions were compared to the actual defects found during destructive examination. Only the readings where the signal sources could be positively identified as defects by breaking open or sectioning were included. All measurements were made to the nearest 0.5 mm (0.02 inches).
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Author, Unknown. L41046 Applicability of the Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model to Compressor Stations. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010885.

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The EPA's Industrial Source Complex (ISC) dispersion model was evaluated to determine its applicability to the gas industry. The ISC model uses meteorological data to estimate air quality impacts from multiple source industrial complexes. General features of the ISC model particularly applicable to the gas industry include: 1) Variation of source emission rate by hour and season; 2) Rural and urban mode dispersion parameters; 3) Use of on-site meteorological data or observations from nearby National Weather Service (NWS) surface stations; and 4) Calculation of the effects of adjacent or nearby buildings on dispersion from compressor engine exhaust. Both the ISC Short-Term Program and the Long-Term Program are described and analyzed in this report.
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