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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Size and temperature of nanomaterials

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Academic literature on the topic 'Size and temperature of nanomaterials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Size and temperature of nanomaterials"

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Goyal, Monika, and B. R. K. Gupta. "Study of shape, size and temperature-dependent elastic properties of nanomaterials." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 26 (September 20, 2019): 1950310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798491950310x.

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The impact of shape, size and temperature on elastic properties of nanomaterials is studied in this work. We have extended the melting temperature expression for nanostructures formulated by Guisbiers et al. and obtained the expression of elastic moduli and thermal expansivity for nanomaterials. An isobaric Tait equation of state is combined with Guisbiers model and the model so obtained is applied to analyze the shape, size and temperature effect on Young’s modulus and thermal expansivity in nanomaterials. The present computed results are compared with the simulated results and available experimental data. The Young’s modulus is observed to decrease as particle size is reduced while thermal expansivity increases with decrease in the size of nanomaterial. The Young’s modulus shows decrease with increase in temperature and decrement is observed maximum in spherical nanomaterials and minimum in nanofilms (NFs). Rate at which modulus is decreasing is found to increase as particle size is reduced. Good consistency of present predicted results with the available theoretical and experimental data is observed. The present calculated results are thus found consistent with the general trend of variation.

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Arora, Neha, Deepika P. Joshi, and Uma Pachauri. "Size and shape dependent Debye temperature of Nanomaterials." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 9 (2017): 10450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.398.

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Zhou, Xiao-Ye, Bao-Ling Huang, and Tong-Yi Zhang. "Size- and temperature-dependent Young's modulus and size-dependent thermal expansion coefficient of thin films." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 31 (2016): 21508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03294j.

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Paritskaya, Lyudmila N., Yuri S. Kaganovsky, and V. V. Bogdanov. "Size-Dependent Interdiffusion in Nanomaterials." Solid State Phenomena 101-102 (January 2005): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.101-102.123.

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The phenomenon of low-temperature homogenization (LTH) during interdiffusion is studied under condition a t Dv £ 2 / 1 ) ( (Dv is the bulk diffusion coefficient, a is the lattice parameter) using nano-objects of binary Cu-Ni and Cr-Ni systems compacted from nano-powders and produced by mechanical alloying. Two stages of LTH were detected: at the first stage (t £ 103 s) the volume fraction of solution rapidly grows; at the second stage (t > 103 s) the volume fraction of solutions grows slowly with practically constant average solution concentration. The first stage of LTH correlates with active grain growth caused by small size (l) of structural element and nonequilibrium structure of nano-objects. Obtained results are analyzed theoretically in terms of interdiffusion along migrating GBs due to grain growth at the first stage and DIGM mechanism at the second stage. It is shown that the GB concentration distribution during interdiffusion along migrating GBs and the kinetics of LTH depend on a parameter l/l where 2 / 1 ) / ( b b V sD d l= is the characteristic diffusion length. The mechanisms and criteria of LTH are proposed.

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Zhang, Xianhe, Weiguo Li, Dong Wu, Yong Deng, Jiaxing Shao, Liming Chen, and Daining Fang. "Size and shape dependent melting temperature of metallic nanomaterials." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 31, no. 7 (December 31, 2018): 075701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aaf54b.

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RAWAT, KOMAL, and MONIKA GOYAL. "Theoretical study of Specific heat and thermal conductivity variation in nanomaterials." High Temperatures-High Pressures 49, no. 3 (2020): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32908/hthp.v49.827.

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In the present paper, the authors study the specific heat dependence on shape, size and dimension of the nanomaterials. Using an analytic quantitative model for melting temperature, the expression of specific heat for nanomaterials is deduced. Further, the model is extended to study the shape, size and dimension effect on thermal conductivity of nanoparticles. Phonon scattering term is taken into consideration for calculation of thermal conductivity of nanomaterial to explain the roughness and scattering effect on thermal property. The specific heat is observed to increase from model calculations as size of the nanomaterial decreases. However, the thermal conductivity in nanoparticles is observed to decrease with size decrement of nanoparticle. It is observed that inclusion of phonon scattering term help to better understand the variation in thermal conductivity. The variation in specific heat and thermal conductivity with size is determined for spherical, regular tetrahedral, octahedral nanoparticles, cylindrical and hexagonal nanowires and nanofilms. The results calculated from model are in good consistency with the available experimental and simulated results and help to judge the suitability of the present model.

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Syvolozhskyi, O., I. Ovsiienko, L. Matzui, and T. Len. "The peculiarity of intercalation of carbon nanomaterials containing nanotubes." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Physics and Mathematics, no. 3 (2018): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2018/3.17.

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The possibility of intercalation of carbon nanomaterials containing carbon nanotubes is considered. Carbon nanomaterials containing multiwall carbon nanotubes of different structure and size were intercalated by iodine chloride with use standard one-temperature method. As it is shown by electron microscopic studies, after intercalation the size and morphology of carbon nanotubes are essentially changed. The diameter of carbon nanotubes increases two times more. This increase in diameter is due to the penetration of iodine chloride molecules between layers of a multiwall carbon nanotubes or into the inner cavity of nanotubes. According to X-ray diffraction, the position of the most intense band in the 00ldiffractogram of carbon nanomaterial moves to the region of smaller angles after intercalation. The exact angular position of the 00l-band corresponds to reflection from the intercalate layers for the third stage compound. The hysteresis in the temperature dependence of resistivity for compacted intercalated carbon nanomaterial is observed. This hysteresis is explained by the change of the charge carriers effective relaxation time at the scattering on the phonons of the graphite layer and the intercalate layer. Such change occurs at the phase transitions in the intercalate layers from an ordered "quasicrystalline state" to an unordered "quasiliquid" state.

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Zhang, Yi. "Review of Physical Properties and Preparation of Nano-Superconducting Materials." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.65.

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New materials play an important part in today high and new technology.Superconducting nanomaterial has become the most vibrant in new material research due to its unique physical and chemical properties. This paper focuses on how small-size effect affects superconducting transition temperature, and summarizes the concrete preparation methods of superconducting nanomaterials, hoping to provide a reference for material researchers.

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SINGH, MADAN, and MAHIPAL SINGH. "Impact of size and temperature on thermal expansion of nanomaterials." Pramana 84, no. 4 (November 20, 2014): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-014-0844-0.

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Lu, H. M. "Size Dependent Interface Energy of Nanomaterials." Solid State Phenomena 155 (May 2009): 3–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.155.3.

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The reduction of size of the low dimensional materials leads to a dramatic increase of surface-to-volume ratio. The properties of a solid are essentially controlled by related surface/interface energies. Although such changes are believed to dominate behaviors of nanoscale structures, little experience or intuition for the expected phenomena, especially the size dependent properties and their practical implications, are modeled. In this contribution, the classic thermodynamics as a powerful traditional theoretical tool is used to model different bulk interface energies and the corresponding size dependences where emphasis on the size dependence of interface energy is given, which is induced by size dependence of coherent energy of atoms within nanocrystals. It is found that solid-vapor interface energy, liquid-vapor interface energy, solid-liquid interface energy, and solid-solid interface energy of nanoparticles and thin films fall as their diameters or thickness decrease to several nanometers while the solid-vapor interface energy ratio between different facets is size-independent and is equal to the corresponding bulk ratio. The predictions of the established analytic models without any free parameter, such as size and temperature dependences of these four kinds of interface energies, are in agreement with the experimental or other theoretical results of different kinds of low dimensional materials with different chemical bond natures.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Size and temperature of nanomaterials"

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Elm, Svensson Erik. "Nanomaterials for high-temperature catalytic combustion." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : School of Chemical Science, KTH, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4360.

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Agnew, Rachel Elizabeth. "The Characterization and Size Distribution of Engineered Carbon Nanomaterials." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243362684.

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Lukawska, Anna Beata. "THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES IN EXTERNAL AC MAGNETIC FIELD." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401441820.

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ZHU, SHUN. "SYNTHESIS OF SIZE, STRUCTURE AND SHAPE CONTROLLED IRON BASED MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1322920113.

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Hos, James Pieter. "Mechanochemically synthesized nanomaterials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell membranes." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0016.

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[Truncated abstract] In this dissertation an investigation into the utility of mechanochemically synthesized nanopowders for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell components is reported. The results are presented in the following parts: the synthesis and characterisation of precursors for ceramic and cermet components for the fuel cell; the physical and electrical characterisation of the electrolyte and electrodes; and the fabrication, operation and analysis of the resulting fuel cells. Samarium-doped (20 mol%) ceria (SDC) nanopowder was fabricated by the solid-state mechanochemical reaction between SmCl3 with NaOH and Ce(OH)4 in 85 vol% dilution with NaCl. A milling time of 4 hours and heat treatment for 2 hours at 700°C yielded a material with equivalent particle and crystallite sizes of 17 nm. The existence of a complete solid solution was affirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. Doped-ceria compacts were sintered for 4 hours at 1350°C forming ceramics of 88% theoretical density. The ionic conductivity in flowing air was 0.009 S/cm, superior to commercially supplied nanoscale SDC. Anode precursor composite NiO-SDC nanopowder was synthesized by milling Ni(OH)2 with the previously defined SDC formulation ... Anode-supported fuel cells were fabricated on a substrate of at least 500 'm 55wt%NiO-SDC with 17vol% graphite pore formers. Suspensions of SDC were deposited by aerosol on the sintered bilayer at a thickness around 5 'm. A cathode of 10% SDC (SmSr)0.5CoO3 was deposited onto the sintered electrolyte and after firing had a thickness of around 25 'm. Operation of fuel cells in single-chamber mixtures of CH4 and air diluted in argon were successful and gave power outputs of 483 'W/cm2. Operation in undiluted 25 vol% CH4:air gave a power output of 5.5 mW/cm2. It was shown that a large polarisation resistance of 4.1 Ω.cm2 existed and this was assigned to losses in the anode, namely mass transport limitation associated with the catalytic combustion of methane and insufficient porosity. The large surface area of Ni appeared to allow more methane to combust and hence prevented its electrochemical reaction from occurring, thus limiting the performance of the cell. The synthesis procedures, ceramic processing and fabrication techniques and testing methods are discussed and contribute significant understanding to the fields of ceramic science and fuel cell technology.

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Elzey, Sherrie Renee. "Applications and physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials in environmental, health, and safety studies." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/494.

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As commercially manufactured nanomaterials become more commonplace, they have the potential to enter ecological and biological environments sometime during their lifecycle of production, distribution, use or disposal. Despite rapid advances in the production and application of nanomaterials, little is known about how nanomaterials may interact with the environment or affect human health. This research investigates an environmental application of nanomaterials and characterizes the physicochemical properties of commonly manufactured nanomaterials in environmental health and safety studies. Characterization of nanomaterials for applications and environmental health and safety studies is essential in order to understand how physicochemical properties correlate with chemical, ecological, or biological response or lack of response. Full characterization includes determining the bulk and surface properties of nanomaterials. Bulk characterization methods examine the shape, size, phase, electronic structure and crystallinity, and surface characterization methods include surface area, arrangement of surface atoms, surface electronic structure, surface composition and functionality. This work investigates the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO2 to N2 and O2 with ammonia on nanocrystalline NaY, Aldrich NaY and nanocrystalline CuY using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was determined that the kinetics of SCR were 30% faster on nanocrystalline NaY compared to commercial NaY due to an increase in external surface area and external surface reactivity. Copper-cation exchanged nanocrystalline Y resulted in an additional increase in the rate of SCR as well as distinct NO2 and NH3 adsorption sites associated with the copper cation. These superior materials for reducing NOx could contribute to a cleaner environment. This work consists of characterization of commonly manufactured or synthesized nanomaterials and studies of nanomaterials in specific environmental conditions. Bulk and surface characterization techniques were used to examine carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, bare silver nanoparticles and polymer-coated silver nanoparticles, and copper nanoparticles. Lithium titanate nanomaterial was collected from a manufacturing facility was also characterized to identify occupational health risks. Particle size distribution measurements and chemical composition data showed the lithium titanate nanomaterial forms larger micrometer agglomerates, while the nanoparticles present were due to incidental processes. A unique approach was applied to study particle size during dissolution of nanoparticles in aqueous and acidic conditions. An electrospray coupled to a scanning mobility particle sizer (ES-SMPS) was used to determine the particle size distribution (PSD) of bare silver nanoparticles in nitric acid and copper nanoparticles in hydrochloric acid. The results show unique, size-dependent dissolution behavior for the nanoparticles relative to their micrometer sized counterparts. This research shows size-dependent properties of nanomaterials can influence how they will be transported and transformed in specific environments, and the behavior of larger sized materials cannot be used to predict nanomaterial behavior. The type of nanomaterial and the media it enters are important factors for determining the fate of the nanomaterial. These studies will be important when considering measures for exposure control and environmental remediation of nanomaterials.

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Drake, Christina. "UNDERSTANDING THE LOW TEMPERATURE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIESOF NANOCRYSTALLINE SNO2 FOR GAS SENSOR APPLICATIONS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3957.

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Nanocrystalline metal/metal oxide is an important class of transparent and electronic materials due to its potential use in many applications, including gas sensors. At the nanoscale, many of the phenomena observed that give nanocrystalline semiconducting oxide enhanced performance as a gas sensor material over other conventional engineering materials is still poorly understood. This study is aimed at understanding the low temperature electrical and chemical properties of nanocrystalline SnO2 that makes it suitable for room temperature gas detectors. Studies were carried out in order to understand how various synthesis methods affect the surfaces on the nano-oxides, interactions of a target gas (in this study hydrogen) with different surface species, and changes in the electrical properties as a function of dopants and grain size. A correlation between the surface reactions and the electrical response of doped nanocrystalline metal-oxide-semiconductors exposed to a reducing gas is established using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy attached to a specially built custom designed catalytic cell. First principle calculations of oxygen vacancy concentrations from absorbance spectra are presented. FTIR is used for effectively screening of these nanostructures for gas sensing applications. The effect of processing temperature on the microstructural evolution and on the electronic properties of nanocrystalline trivalent doped–SnO2 is also presented. This study includes the effect of dopants (In and Ce) on the growth of nano-SnO2, as well as their effects on the electronic properties and gas sensor behavior of the nanomaterial at room temperature. Band bending affects are also investigated for this system and are related to enhanced low temperature gas sensing. The role and importance of oxygen vacancies in the electronic and chemical behavior of surface modified nanocrystalline SnO2 are explored in this study. A generalized explanation for the low temperature gas sensor behavior of nanocrystalline oxide is presented that can be generalized to other nano-oxide systems and be useful in specific engineering of other nanomaterials. Deeper understanding of how nano-oxides react chemically and electronically would be extremely beneficial to issues present in current low cost, low temperature sensor technology. Ability to exactly monitor and then engineer the chemistry of nanostructures in the space charge region as well as the surface is also of great significance. Knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for enhanced sensor response in this material system could viably be applied to other material systems for sensor applications.
Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science & Engr PhD

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Reeve, Michael William. "Temperature, body size and life history in Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271338.

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Gabrielyan, Nare. "Low temperature fabrication of one-dimensional nanostructures and their potential application in gas sensors and biosensors." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9607.

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Nanomaterials are the heart of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Research into nanostructures has been vastly expanding worldwide and their application spreading into numerous branches of science and technology. The incorporation of these materials in commercial products is revolutionising the current technological market. Nanomaterials have gained such enormous universal attention due to their unusual properties, arising from their size in comparison to their bulk counterparts. These nanosized structures have found applications in major devices currently under development including fuel cells, computer chips, memory devices, solar cells and sensors. Due to their aforementioned importance nanostructures of various materials and structures are being actively produced and investigated by numerous research groups around the world. In order to meet the market needs the commercialisation of nanomaterials requires nanomaterial fabrication mechanisms that will employ cheap, easy and low temperature fabrication methods combined with environmentally friendly technologies. This thesis investigates low temperature growth of various one-dimensional nanostructures for their potential application in chemical sensors. It proposes and demonstrates novel materials that can be applied as catalysts for nanomaterial growth. In the present work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon (Si) based nanostructures have been fabricated using low temperature growth methods including hydrothermal growth for ZnO nanowires and plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique for Si nanostructures. The structural, optical and electrical properties of these materials have been investigated using various characterisation techniques. After optimising the growth of these nanostructures, gas and biosensors have been fabricated based on Si and ZnO nanostructures respectively in order to demonstrate their potential in chemical sensors. For the first time, in this thesis, a new group of materials have been investigated for the catalytic growth of Si nanostructures. Interesting growth observations have been made and theory of the growth mechanism proposed. The lowest growth temperature in the published literature is also demonstrated for the fabrication of Si nanowires via the PECVD technique. Systematic studies were carried out in order to optimise the growth conditions of ZnO and Si nanostructures for the production of uniformly shaped nanostructures with consistent distribution across the substrate. v The surface structure and distribution of the variously shaped nanostructures has been analysed via scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the crystallinity of these materials has been investigating using Raman and X-ray diffraction spectroscopies and transmission electron microscopy. In addition to the fabrication of these one-dimensional nanomaterials, their potential application in the chemical sensors has been tested via production of a glucose biosensor and an isopropyl alcohol vapour gas sensor based on ZnO and Si nanostructures respectively. The operation of the devices as sensors has been demonstrated and the mechanisms explored.

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Chen, Zongkun [Verfasser]. "Simple Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials at Room Temperature / Zongkun Chen." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213659221/34.

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Books on the topic "Size and temperature of nanomaterials"

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Whittenberger, J. Daniel. Effect of grain size on the high temperature properties of B2 aluminides. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Whittenberger, J. Daniel. Effect of grain size on the high temperature properties of B2 aluminides. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Baker, Mark D. Intriguing centrality dependence of the Au-Au source size at the AGS. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Awrejcewicz, Jan, Anton V. Krysko, Maxim V. Zhigalov, and Vadim A. Krysko. Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis of Size-Dependent Structural Members in Temperature Fields. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55993-9.

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Claussen, Julie E. Annual variation in the reproductive activity of a bluegill population: Effect of clutch size and temperature. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Villagra, Federico. The relationships linking tremor size and skilled performance with limb temperature, and voluntary movement with tremor phase. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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O'Mara, Duncan F. Effect of heating rate to test temperature on superplastic response in an A1-8%Mg-1%Li-0.2%Zr alloy. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989.

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Ingebo, Robert D. Scattered-light scanner measurements of cryogenic liquid-jet breakup. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Barnard, Amanda S. Size-dependent phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.5.

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This article investigates size-dependent phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale. In general, the crystallization of a nanomaterial into a particular structure is kinetically driven. However, the choice of which structure occurs in a specific size range is often a result of thermodynamics. These size-dependent phase relationships may be explored by analyzing the free energy and enthalpy of formation. This article considers the size-dependent phase stability of nanomaterials based on experimental and theoretical studies of zirconia and titania. It describes the use of bulk phase diagrams to capture important information on the stability of materials. It also highlights some of the physical parameters that influence phase transitions and phase reversal at the nanoscale, including temperature, pressure, shape, solution chemistry, surface chemistry and surface charge.

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Clarke, Andrew. Temperature, growth and size. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0013.

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Growth involves two flows of energy. The first is chemical potential energy in the monomers used to construct the proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and nucleic acids forming the new tissue. The second is the metabolic energy (ATP or GTP) used to construct the new tissue; this is the metabolic cost of growth and can be expressed as a dimensionless fraction of the energy retained in the new tissue. Its value is ~0.33. Typical temperature sensitivities for growth in the wild lie in the range Q10 1.5 – 3. Within species there may be evolutionary adjustments to growth rate to offset the effects of temperature, though these involve trade-offs with other physiological factors affecting fitness. Outside the tropics, many mammals and birds exhibit a cline in size, with larger species at higher latitudes (Bergmann’s rule). Carl Bergmann predicted such a cline from biophysical arguments based on endotherm thermoregulatory costs; Bergmann’s rule thus applies only to mammals and birds. Many ectotherms grow more slowly but attain a larger adult size when grown at lower temperatures (the temperature-size rule). The large size of some aquatic invertebrates at lower temperatures (notably in the polar regions and the deep sea) is associated with a higher oxygen content of the water.

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Book chapters on the topic "Size and temperature of nanomaterials"

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Kato, Haruhisa. "Size Determination of Nanoparticles by Dynamic Light Scattering." In Nanomaterials, 535–54. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646821.ch8.

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Eremeyev, Victor A. "Size Effect in Nanomaterials." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 2290–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55771-6_170.

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Eremeyev, Victor A. "Size Effect in Nanomaterials." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_170-1.

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Paritskaya, L. N., Yu Kaganovskii, and V. V. Bogdanov. "Size-Dependent Interdiffusion in Nanomaterials." In Solid State Phenomena, 123–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-02-7.123.

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Haddon, M. R., and J. N. Hay. "High-temperature size exclusion chromatography." In Size Exclusion Chromatography, 57–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7861-1_4.

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Mori, Sadao, and Howard G. Barth. "High-Temperature Size Exclusion Chromatography." In Size Exclusion Chromatography, 155–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03910-6_10.

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Chen, Liyu, and Yingwei Li. "Heterogeneous Room Temperature Catalysis - Nanomaterials." In Sustainable Catalysis, 59–88. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527693030.ch3.

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Nambissan, P. M. G. "Doping Effects in Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Nanoparticles: Lattice Variations, Size Changes, Widening Band Gaps but no Structural Transformations!" In Nanomaterials, 37–65. Oakville, ON ; Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, [2018]: Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21267-3.

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Sanchís, Josep, Marinella Farré, and Damià Barceló. "Analysis of Nanomaterials by Particle Size Distribution Methods." In Nanomaterials in the Environment, 129–57. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414088.ch05.

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Pilloud, David, and Jean-François Pierson. "High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Nanocomposite Coatings." In Nanomaterials and Surface Engineering, 329–48. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118618523.ch12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Size and temperature of nanomaterials"

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Ko, Seung Hwan, Heng Pan, Nipun Misra, and Costas P. Grigoropoulos. "Nanomaterial Enabled Laser Transfer of Temperature Sensitive Organic Light Emitting Diode Materials." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88061.

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Organic material direct writing is demonstrated based on nanomaterial enabled laser transfer (NELT). Through utilization of proper nanoparticle size and type, and the laser wavelength choice, a single laser pulse could transfer well defined and arbitrarily shaped tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)Al patterns ranging from several microns to millimeter size. The unique properties of nanomaterials allow laser induced forward transfer at irradiation energies and temperatures lower than commonly used. The technique may be well suited for the mass production of temperature sensitive devices.

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Patel, Ghanshyam R., Nilesh A. Thakar, and Tushar C. Pandya. "Effect of size on specific heat and Debye temperature of nanomaterials." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2015): Proceeding of International Conference on Condensed Matter and Applied Physics. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4946189.

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Chhabra, Hina, and Munish Kumar. "Development of simple model for size and shape dependence of critical temperature for ferromagnetic nanomaterials." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2018. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5112957.

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Wang, Xinwei. "Anisotropic Nature of Thermal Transport in Nanoscale Materials." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72794.

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In this work, an equilibrium technique is developed to study the thermal transport in nanomaterials. By directly tracking the relaxation behavior of energy carriers, the developed technique is able to determine the effect of boundary scattering on thermal transport. Since no temperature differential across the material is required to determine its thermal conductivity, the developed technique is applicable to nanomaterials of different shapes and capable of capturing the anisotropic nature of the thermal transport inside. Applying this technique, the thermal transport in several typical nanomaterials—nanofilms, square and round nanowires, and spherical and cubic nanoparticles are studied in detail. A strong anisotropic nature of thermal transport in nanomaterials is observed. For nanofilms and nanowires, the thermal conductivity in the restricted directions (thickness and radial) is smaller than that in the unrestricted direction. This anisotropic nature is more obvious and important when the characteristic size of nanomaterials becomes comparable to or smaller than the mean free path of energy carriers. Our results comparison shows that with the same characteristic size, the shape of the cross section of nanowires has appreciable effect on the thermal transport in the axial direction. For spherical and cubic nanoparticles, little difference is observed between their thermal conductivities.

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Yang, Hongjoo, and Debjyoti Banerjee. "Study of Specific Heat Capacity Enhancement of Molten Salt Nanomaterials for Solar Thermal Energy Storage (TES)." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75338.

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The overall thermal efficiency of solar power plants is highly sensitive to the operating characteristics of the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) devices. Enhancing the operating temperature of TES is imperative for enhancing the thermal efficacy of solar power plants. However, material property limitations for high temperature operation severely limit the choice of materials for TES. Molten salts and their eutectics are promising candidates for high temperature operation of TES. To enhance the thermal and operational efficiency of TES, the thermo-physical properties such as the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the materials need to be maximized. The specific heat capacity (Cp) of molten salt is relatively smaller than other conventional TES materials. Recent studies have shown that addition of nanoparticles to molten salts can significantly enhance their specific heat capacity. Several transport and energy storage mechanisms have been proposed to account for these enhancements. Primarily, the layering of solvent molecules due to inter-molecular forces (due to competition between adhesive and cohesive forces) is observed at solid-liquid interface, leading to the formation of a more dense or “compressed layer” of solvent molecules on the dispersed nanoparticles. The formation and existence of the compressed layer has been demonstrated experimentally and from numerical predictions (e.g., Molecular Dynamics/ MD models). To verify the enhancement of specific heat capacity of molten salt nanofluids, the influence of compressed layer has been explored in this study. This implies that for the same amount (or concentration) of nanoparticle, the ratio of surface/volume of the individual nanoparticles can change significantly depending on the nanoparticles size and shape — which in turn can affect the mass fraction of the compressed layer formed on the surface of the nanoparticles. In this study, the specific heat capacity of the molten salt nanomaterials was investigated for: (a) silica nanoparticles in eutectic mixture of alkali chloride salt eutectics, and (b) silica nanoparticles in an eutectic mixture of alkali carbonate salts eutectics. The effect of the particle size distribution was considered in this study and it was observed that smaller nanoparticles contribute a larger proportion to the observed specific heat capacity enhancements. The size of distribution of the nanoparticles in the molten salt mixture/ nanomaterial (nanocomposites and nanofluids) was measured by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and subsequently the actual number of nanoparticles (as a function of size) that were dispersed in molten salt fluid was calculated. The specific heat capacity of molten salt nanomaterial was calculated using a classical mixing model and by accounting for the contribution from the compressed layer in the mixture.

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Sadek, A. A., and H. G. Salem. "Construction of Consolidation Maps of Pre-ECAE Hot Compact Nanocrystalline-Micron Powders." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47026.

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The Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) process is one of the most promising processes used for producing nanostructured consolidates making use of the severe plastic conditions that the powder particles experience during the extrusion. The intrinsic heat generated during extrusion in addition to 1.16 total strain imposed on the powder per pass can substitute for the elevated temperature required for sintering. The consolidation conditions of the Nanocrystalline-Micropowder (NCMP) prior to ECAE influences significantly the structural evolution and hence mechanical properties of the produced bulk product. Through the current research work, consolidation maps of hardness and density variation for NCMP Al-2124 powders hot compacts were constructed. A NCMP of about 45μm particle size and 87nm internal structure average size was used. Hot compacts of height-to-diameter (h/d) ratio of 4 were obtained by combinations of temperatures (360, 420 and 480°C), durations (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and pressures (4, 5, and 6) multiples of the yield strength (σys) of as received Al-2124. For the NCMP hot compacts, an optimal combination of compaction conditions was for 60min duration at 420-to-480°C range of temperatures, and 375–450MPa (5–6σys) range of pressure. For the 30 and 90min compaction durations the optimum properties were limited to 480°C over a stress range of 5.2 to 5.8σys. Uniformity of density along the sample’s length was achieved for NCMP hot compacts at the conditions of (6σys (450MPa), 420°C–480°C and 60 minutes), and (5σys (375MPa), 420–480°C and 90 minutes). Fully dense uniformly deformed bulk products with enhance hardness up to 178% compared to the hot compact was achieved post one-pass and 2-pass routes A and C at extrusion temperature of 235°C.

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Kang, Ki Moon, Hyo-Won Kim, Il-Wun Shim, and Ho-Young Kwak. "Syntheses of Specialty Nanomaterials at the Multibubble Sonoluminescence Condition." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68320.

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In recent years, a large number of nano-size semiconductors have been investigated for their potential applications in photovoltaic cells, optical sensor devices, and photocatalysts [1, 2, 3]. Nano-size semiconductor particles have many interesting properties due mainly to their size-dependent electronic and optical properties. Appropriately, many speciality of nanomaterials such as CdS and ZnS semiconductor particles, and other metal oxides such as ZnO and lithium-titanate oxide (LTO) have been prepared. However, most of them were prepared with toxic reactants and/or complex multistep reaction processes. Particularly, it is quite difficult to produce LTO nanoparticles, since it typically requires wearisome conditions such as very high temperature over 1000 °C, long producing times, and so on. To overcome such problems, various core/shell type nanocrystals were prepared through different methods such as the hydrothermal synthetic method, microwave, and sonochemistry. Also many coating methods on inorganic oxide nanoparticles were tried for the preparations of various core-shell type nanocrystals. Sonoluminescence (SL) is a light emission phenomenon associated with the catastrophic collapse of a gas bubble oscillating under an ultrasonic field [4]. Light emission of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is characterized by picosecond flashes of the broad band spectrum extending to the ultraviolet [5, 6]. The bubble wall acceleration has been found to exceed 1011 g at the moment of bubble collapse. Recently observed results of the peak temperature and pressure from the sonoluminescing gas bubble in sulfuric acid solutions [9] were accurately predicted by the hydrodynamic theory for sonoluminescence phenomena [7, 10, 11, 12], which provides a clue for understanding sonochemical reactions inside the bubble and liquid layer adjacent to the bubble wall. Sonochemistry involves an application of sonoluminescence. The intense local heating and high pressure inside the bubbles and liquid adjacent bubble wall from such collapse can give rise to unusual effects in chemical reactions. The estimated temperature and pressure in the liquid zone around the collapsing bubble with equilibrium radius 5 μm, an average radius of bubbles generated in a sonochemical reactor at a driving frequency of 20 kHz with an input power of 179 W, is about 1000 °C and 500 atm, respectively. At the proper condition, a lot of transient bubbles are generated and collapse synchronistically to emit blue light when high power ultrasound is applied to liquid, and it is called multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL). Figure 1 shows an experimental apparatus for MBSL with a cylindrical quartz cell, into which a 5 mm diameter titanium horn (Misonix XL2020, USA) is inserted [13]. The MBSL facilitates the transient supercritical state [14].in the liquid layer where rapid chemical reactions can take place. In fact, methylene blue (MB), which is one of a number of typical textile dyestuffs, was degraded very fast at the MBSL condition while MB does not degrade under simple ultrasonic irradiation [13]. MBSL has been proven to be a useful technique to make novel materials with unusual properties. In our study, various metal oxides such as ZnO powder [15], used as a primary reinforcing filler for elastomer, homogeneous Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles [16], used for electrode materials, and core/shell nanoparticles such as CdS coating on TiO2 nanoparticles [17] and ZnS coating on TiO2 nanoparticles [18], which are very likely to be useful for the development of inorganic dye-sensitized solar cells, were synthesized through a one pot reaction under the MBSL condition. Figure 2 shows the XRD pattern of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3CO2)2 · 2H2O, 99.999%, Aldrich) in various alcohol solutions with sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99.99%, Aldrich) at the MBSL condition. The XRD patterns of all powers indicate hexagonal zincite. The XRD pattern for the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized is similar to the ZnO powder produced by a modified sol-gel process and subsequent heat treatment at about 600 °C [19] as shown in Fig.3. The average particle diameter of ZnO powder is about 7 nm. A simple sonochemical method for producing homogeneous LTO nanoparticles, as shown schematically in Fig. 4. First, LiOH and TiO2 nanoparticles were used to prepare LiOH-coated TiO2 nanoparticles as shown in Fig.5. Second, the resulting nanoparticles were thermally treated at 500 °C for 1 hour to prepare LTO nanoparticles. Figure 6 shows a high resolution transmission electron microscope image of LTO nanoparticles having an average grain size of 30–40 nm. All the nanoparticle synthesized are very pure in phase and quite homogeneous in their size and shape. Recently we succeeded in synthesizing a supported nickel catalyst such as Ni/Al2sO3, MgO/Al2O3 and LaAlO3, which turned out to be effective for methane decomposition [20]. Sonochemistry may provide a new way to more rapidly synthesize many specialty nanoparticles with less waste [21]. This clean technology enables the preparation of new materials such as colloids, amorphous particles [22], and various alloys.

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Mostafa, Amany A., Khaled R. Mohamed, Tarek M. Dahy, and Gehan T. El-Bassyouni. "Characterization and In-Vitro Assessment of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Prepared by Polymeric Route." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47056.

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Hydroxyapatite is the most used calcium phosphate in implant production. In this study a novel method for the preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite is described. A mixture of calcium chloride and potassium hydrogen phosphate were introduced to the urea-formaldehyde resin during formation. The obtained resin was precalcined at 450°C to get rid of the organic materials. The prepared powder was characterized using XRD, thermal analysis (DTA, TG), FT-IR, TEM and SEM supplemented with EDAX. In particular, the results of XRD show that the powder produced at 900°C was wholly formed of nano-hydroxyapatite. TEM reveals that nano-hydroxyapatite particles have spherical shape and their size was less than 50 nm in width. SEM confirms the fine nature of the produced powder. The dielectric constant increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing frequencies. The dielectric loss shows a relaxation peak, which shifts to the higher frequency region with increasing temperature, conforming to a Debye-type relaxation process. In-vitro results show that fine grains of acicular hydroxyapatite were formed by immersing disc in simulated body fluid solution (SBF) proving the apatite formation onto the surface. Future work recommends incorporation of the prepared nano-sized hydroxyapatite into biocompatible polymer for tissue engineering applications.

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Devaradjane, Ramaprasath, and Donghyun Shin. "Enhanced Heat Capacity of Molten Salt Nano-Materials for Concentrated Solar Power Application." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87737.

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Storage of thermal energy using molten salt materials has been widely explored for concentrating solar power. Since these power plants use thermodynamic cycle, the overall system cycle efficiency significantly relies on the thermal energy storage temperature. Therefore, increasing the thermal energy storage temperature and decreasing the amount of material needed can result in reducing the cost of solar energy. Molten salts are stable up to 700°C, relatively cheap, and safe to the environment. However, the heat capacity of the molten salts is typically low (∼1.5 J/gK) compared to other thermal storage materials. The low heat capacity of molten salts can be improved by dispersing nanoparticles. In this study, we synthesized molten salt nanomaterial by dispersing oxide nanoparticles into selected molten salts. Heat capacity measurements were performed using a modulated differential scanning calorimeter. Materials characterization studies were performed using a scanning electron microscopy. Hence, we evaluated the use of the molten salt nanomaterials as thermal energy storage media in concentrated solar power applications. Increase in the specific heat capacity of the molten salt is also demonstrated on addition with Nano materials of specific size and quantity.

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Salem, H. G., and M. Shamma. "Effect of the Compaction Parameters and Canning Material of Nanostructured Al-Powder Consolidated via Intense Plastic Straining Process." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47063.

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Research groups around the world have reached common and contradicting conclusions regarding the behavior and properties of nanostructured materials. The aim of this research is to affirm the common findings by previous research, and support one of the currently proposed concepts of mechanical behavior based on processing and characterization of consolidated nanocrystalline micropowders of high strength/precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy using combined PM/intense plastic straining via Equal Channel angular Extrusion (ECAE). This research work investigated the effect of (a) Cold and hot consolidation of nanocrystalline Al-2124 micropowders into compacts with 4.0 h/d ratio and (b) Canning material used for encapsulating the compact rods for subsequent extrusion within the ECAE channels, and (c) the effect of ECAE number of passes and routes on the green compact properties. The effect of the processing parameters (compaction condition, extrusion temperature, strain rate) on the sample density, grain, subgrain and subcell sizes, and hardness was studied. Pure wrought and cast Cu, and casts Al-cans as well as Al-2024 wrought cans were used for canning of the consolidated powders. Green and hot compact rods were produced from 40μm average particle size Al-2124 powders with 53nm internal structure. Highest density consolidated rods were produced for the double sided cold compaction at 6σ (450MPa) over duration of 30min, while single sided compaction at similar pressure over 60min duration time of compaction and at temperature of 480°C produced the most dense and highest hardness hot compacts. Pure wrought Cu and cast Al are the most suitable canning material for room temperature ECAE of the Al-2124 green compacts. Non-isothermal heating during extrusion hindered the uniform warm deformation of the green and hot compacts canned in wrought Al-2024. Loose powder particles of the green compacts results in particle rotation while passing though the 90° angle intersecting channels of ECAE, and hence prevents full consolidation and densification of the produced product.

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Reports on the topic "Size and temperature of nanomaterials"

1

Yates, S. F., S. J. Zhou, D. J. Anderson, and A. E. van Til. High temperature size selective membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185573.

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O’Neal, Kenneth, and Janice Musfeldt. Spectroscopic studies of size-dependent optical properties of oxide nanomaterials, molecule-based materials in extreme condition - Spectroscopic studies of size-dependent optical properties of oxide nanomaterials, molecule-based materials in extreme condition. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/qtlpnw5g3.

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Gonzalez, E. J., G. J. Piermarini, and B. Hockey. Low temperature fabrication from nano-size ceramic powders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/82428.

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List, III, Frederick Alyious, Ralph Barton Dinwiddie, Keith Carver, and Joy E. Gockel. Melt-Pool Temperature and Size Measurement During Direct Laser Sintering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1399977.

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Ciccarelli, G., T. Ginsberg, and J. L. Boccio. Detonation cell size measurements in high-temperature hydrogen-air-steam mixtures at the BNL high-temperature combustion facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/563843.

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Thomson, T. Silicide formation and particle size growth in high temperature annealed, self-assembled FePt nanoparticle arrays. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826528.

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Nelson, walter r. A Convolution Method for Determining Temperature Rise in Targets Struck by Beams of Various Size. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798861.

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Natesan, K., and D. L. Rink. Effect of time and temperature on grain size of V and V-Cr-Ti alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/415823.

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Kumar, P. R., and Vasant B. Rao. Asymptotics in Time, Temperature and Size for Optimization by Simulated Annealing: Theory, Practice and Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada217680.

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Garino, Terry J. The effects of composition, temperature and sample size on the sintering of chem-prep high field varistors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/933217.

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