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Journal articles on the topic 'Size-effect, yarn strength, yarn testing'
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1
Ma, Qin, and Xue Feng Liu. "Comparative Research of the Sizing Performance of the Compact Spun-Yarn and Ring Spun-Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1425.
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The characteristics of the compact spun yarn were introduced, and the problems in the sizing process of compact spun yarns were analyzed. Because of the high size loading of the compact spun yarn, a large number of yarns break and the chubbiness of the fabric were affected. Aiming at the problems above, through sizing experiment and testing of the performance of the yarns, the differences between the compact spun yarn and the conventional ring spun yarn were analyzed. Comparing with the conventional ring spun yarn, the size loading rate of the compact spun yarn was reduced about 1 to 3.5 percentage points under the same equipment conditions and sizing techniques. To obtain the same strength and hairiness sticking effect, the size loading of the compact spun yarn can be 5 to 6 percentage points lower than that of the conventional ring spun yarn. Sizing materials can be saved, and the cost of the sizing process could reduced by 50%.
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Memarian, Farnaz, Mohammad Amani Tehran, and Masoud Latifi. "Characterization of photocatalytic composite nanofiber yarns with respect to their tensile properties." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (November 25, 2016): 921–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716679156.
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In this paper, nylon 66/TiO2 composite nanofiber yarn has been developed using electrospinning method. The effect of the TiO2 nanoparticle content on the physical and tensile properties of the resulted composite nanofiber yarns has been extensively investigated using SEM, EDX, FTIR and mechanical testing machine. The probability density function is computed to model the diameter distribution of nanofibers constituent of the composite yarn for different percentages of TiO2. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles into the electrospun composite nanofiber yarn decreases its tensile strength. The influence of thickness (diameter) and twist of the yarn on its tensile strength has been considered and the optimum conditions with improved tensile strength have been presented. Photoactivity of the composite yarns is tested against Rhodamine B (RhB). Results show that nanocomposite yarns are effective to be used as an economically and environmentally friendly photocatalyst in water remediation processes. They are not dispersed in the solution and can be removed easily without additional and costly steps of filtration or centrifuge.
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Yang, Zhong Cheng, and Lan Ping Shen. "Effect of Blended Ratio on Strength and Elongation Properties of Outlast /Viscose Blended Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.407.
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In order to study the effect of different blended ratios on strength and elongation properties of Outlast/viscose blended yarn, ten kinds of blended yarns had been designed and spun. The blended ratios were Outlast/viscose 0/100, 15/85, 25/75, 30/70, 35/65, 40/60, 45/55, 50/50, 60/40, 100/0. By testing the strength and elongation properties of the blended yarn, the effect of blended ratio on blended yarn’s breaking tenacity and elongation rate was analysed. The results showed that, with the increase of blended ratio, the breaking tenacity and breaking elongation rate of the blended yarn both presented a downward trend. But when Outlast/viscose blended ratio was 35:65, breaking elongation rate had a maximum value. When blended ratio was 45:55, breaking tenacity had a maximum value, which should be used in practice.
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Ou, Yunfu, Deju Zhu, Mengying Huang, and Hang Li. "The effects of gage length and strain rate on tensile behavior of Kevlar® 29 single filament and yarn." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316639121.
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The mechanical properties of Kevlar® 29 single filaments and yarns with different gage lengths were investigated by utilizing an MTI miniature tester and an MTS load frame. Single yarns of 25 mm were also tested over four different strain rates using a drop-weight impact system. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of Kevlar® 29 are sensitive to gage length, structural size scale, and strain rate. The tensile strength decreased with increasing gage length and the structural scale from fiber to yarn, and increased with increasing strain rate. Weibull analysis was conducted to quantify the degree of variability in tensile strength. The obtained Weibull parameters were then used in an analytical model to simulate the stress–strain response of single yarn. Finally, Weibull parameters of single filaments with other gage lengths and strain rates were also obtained by fitting the stress–strain curves of single yarns with corresponding testing conditions.
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Broughton, Roy M., Yehia El Mogahzy, and D. M. Hall. "Mechanism of Yarn Failure." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 3 (March 1992): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200302.
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The importance of interfiber friction in determining yarn strength has been acknowledged by several authors. Studies of the effect of friction on yarn strength were often based on determining the influence of twist level, a structural factor, to change the level of friction. To our knowledge, no study is available in which varying fiber frictional characteristics are introduced into a constant yarn structure ( i.e., the same twist, fiber type, fiber length, etc.). This effect has been accomplished through a surface treatment that changes the level of interfiber friction, and subsequent yarn testing provides useful and interesting information about how fiber interaction contributes to yarn strength. The results presented here show that interfiber friction can (under certain circumstances) be the dominant factor in determining the tensile properties of a ring spun staple yarn. Friction and yarn strength results show that moderate changes in the interfiber friction can produce large changes in yarn strength. We suggest that interfiber friction should receive more attention as a determinant of yarn properties, particularly strength.
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Herath, Chathura Nalendra, Bok Choon Kang, Jong Kwang Park, Yong Hwang Roh, and Beong Bok Hwang. "Breaking Elongation Properties of Hybrid Yarns by Commingling Process." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.337.
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This paper is concerned the breaking elongation properties of Carbon/Aramid-, Carbon/Glass- and Aramid/Glass- matrix hybridized commingling yarns. The hybrid yarns produced by commingling process were investigated in terms of breaking elongation property. In experiments, carbon (CF), aramid (AF), and glass (GF) filament yarns were combined. In this study, selected matrix materials include Polyether-ether-Keeton (PEEK), and polyester (PES), or polypropylene (PP). The volume content of filament in hybrid yarn cross section was maintained at 50% for both reinforced and matrix, ant hybrid yarns count at 600 tex, respectively. The reinforcement to matrix filament combination was selected as 1:1 proportion. The effect of different air pressures and material combinations was investigated in terms of breaking elongation. In experiments, each type of hybrid yarn sample has been tested 20 times at the testing speed of 10mm/min. under 3 bar of yarn clamping pressure. Since breaking elongation is one of most important properties in textile fiber, it was examined closely with reference to the first breaking point of commingling-hybrid yarns. It was concluded from experiments that hybrid yarns with higher breaking elongation and higher tensile strength tend to show better force-elongation relationship. It was also known from experiments that the combination of two reinforcement filament yarns gives always much better results than a single reinforcement filament yarns in terms of elongation property. GF/AF/matrix is shown very much better elongation properties. PP and PES gives higher elongation than PEEK as a matrix material.
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Mishra, Swapna. "Effect of Construction on Strain distribution in Woven Fabrics under Uniaxial Tensile Deformation." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 4 (December 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800410.
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Woven fabrics form an integral part of technical textiles where strength is of prime importance. Amongst various factors found to affect the tensile properties of woven fabrics, change in weave and numbers of yarns is expected to alter initial crimps, ease of crimp interchange and fabric assistance in both the principle directions of testing. Accordingly, a strain analysis of plain and satinette woven fabric samples in raveled strip testing mode were undertaken in this work. The samples were generated under similar weaving conditions while varying only the pick density systematically. An analysis of the strain pattern reveals many interesting observations, the most significant ones being (1) the direct relation between the percentage yarn strength utilization in fabric with the uniformity of strain levels along the two principal directions and (2) a significant difference in the strain distribution of samples tested along warp and weft directions irrespective of the construction.
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Tumajer, Petr, Petr Ursíny, Martin Bílek, Eva Mouckova, and Martina Pokorna. "Influence of structure of the yarn on mechanical characteristics of yarns exposed to dynamic stress." Autex Research Journal 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10304-012-0009-5.
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Abstract This paper is a direct follow-up of the paper [1] describing in detail the VibTex equipment, which facilitates testing of textiles in a wide range of frequencies of their extension, as well as the determination of corresponding dynamic modules and loss angles. This equipment has been employed for testing polyester yarns of concordant fineness manufactured on ring and rotor spinning frames. At the same time, the material concerned has been subjected to a standard strength test. Therefore, the results of experimental measuring published in this paper allow us to assess the effect of the chosen spinning technology upon the mechanical properties of polyester yarns both at their static and dynamic loading. The introductory section of the paper contains a theoretical analysis of the effect of the chosen manner of spinning upon the mechanical characteristics of yarns. The experimental section indicates the results of measurements at static and dynamic loading, and the final section of the paper confronts the obtained pieces of knowledge with theory. This paper is part of a larger group of publications concerned with the behaviour of various linear textiles when exposed to dynamic loading (see [1], [2], [4], [5], [6]).
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Wang, Yong, Weidong Yu, and Fumei Wang. "Experimental evaluation and modified Weibull characterization of the tensile behavior of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarn." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 10 (March 28, 2017): 1138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517698991.
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In order to clarify the effects of the extension rate and gauge length upon the distribution of tensile strength of tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarn (t-ECCY), experimental as well as theoretical studies have been performed in this paper. Influences of the extension rate and gauge length are highlighted. The yarn exhibits an extension-rate strengthening effect, and the higher extension rate results in a higher strength and fracture strain, irrespective of the gauge length considered, and vice versa. Expressed in terms of gauge length, yarn tenacity shows a drop for a longer testing length at all extension rates, based on the weakest-link theory. A modified two-parameter Weibull strength distribution model, taking into account the effects of extension rate and gauge length, can be reasonably used to quantify the degree of variability in tensile strength and to obtain the individual Weibull parameters for practical applications. Different fracture mechanisms of the t-ECCY are demonstrated at lower and higher extension rates. A “cascade-like” break happens at lower extension rates due to inner sliding, weaker interactive transverse force of individual fibers, and sufficient time available for the fiber realignment. Nevertheless, a “chimney-like” break dominates at higher extension rates by virtue of the reduced reorientation of some disordered fibers and intensive instant impact force of the stainless steel filament component along the load direction.
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Kokol, Vanja, Vera Vivod, Zdenka Peršin, Miodrag Čolić, and Matjaž Kolar. "Antimicrobial properties of viscose yarns ring-spun with integrated amino-functionalized nanocellulose." Cellulose 28, no. 10 (May 27, 2021): 6545–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03946-z.
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AbstractBio-based, renewable and biodegradable products with multifunctional properties are also becoming basic trends in the textile sector. In this frame, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been surface modified with hexamethylenediamine/HMDA and used as an antimicrobial additive to a ring-spun viscose yarn. The CNF-HMDA suspension was first characterized in relation to its skin irritation potential, antimicrobial properties, and technical performance (dispersability and suspensability in different media) to optimize its sprayability on a viscose fiber sliver with the lowest sticking, thus to enable its spinning without flowing and tearing problems. The impact of CNF-HMDA content has been examined on the yarn`s fineness, tensile strength, surface chemistry, wettability and antimicrobial properties. The yarn`s antimicrobial properties were increasing with the content of CNF-HMDA, given a 99% reduction for S. aureus and C. albicans (log 1.6–2.1) in up to 3 h of exposure at minimum 33 mg/g, and for E. coli (log 0.69–2.95) at 100 mg/g of its addition, yielding 45–21% of bactericidal efficacy. Such an effect is related to homogeneously distributed CNF-HMDA when sprayed from a fast-evaporated bi-polar medium and using small (0.4 mm) nozzle opennings, thus giving a high positive charge (0.663 mmol/g) without affecting the yarn`s tenacity and fineness, but improving its wettability. However, a non-ionic surfactant being used in the durability testing of functionalized yarn to 10-washing cycles, adheres onto it hydrophobically via the methylene chain of the HMDA, thus blocking its amino groups, and, as such, decreasing its antibacterial efficiency, which was slightly affected in the case when the washing was carried out without using it.
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Sun, Yu Chai, Zhong Hao Cheng, and Yan Mei Zhang. "Analysis on Tensile Properties of Stainless-Steel Fiber and Yarn Quality." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.176.
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Stainless steel fiber is a new sort of soft industrial material developed in the past decades. The pure stainless fiber has a number of outstanding properties and is getting wider range of application in textiles which are used as industrial textiles. The tensile properties between stainless steel fiber and traditional textile fibers are quiet different. The property differences between stainless fiber and common textile fiber made the textile processing of stainless fiber difficult. Based on the testing of breaking force, breaking strength and breaking elongation rate, this paper analyzed the tensile characteristic of stainless fiber and discussed its effect on yarn quality.
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Sun, Yu Chai, Zhong Hao Cheng, and Yan Mei Zhang. "Research on the Mechanical Properties of Pure Stainless Fiber and its Effect on Textile Processing." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.824.
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Pure stainless fiber products have many excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, resistance to corrosion, high efficient filter etc.. Pure stainless fabrics are getting wider range of application in the field of industrial textiles. The property differences between stainless fiber and common textile fiber made the textile processing of stainless yarn difficult. Based on the testing of dynamic friction coefficient, static friction coefficient, breaking strength and breaking elongation, this paper analyzes the main performance characteristic of stainless fiber and the reasons that makes textile processing difficult. Countermeasures for fabric manufacturing are suggested accordingly.
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Yang, Rui-Hua, and Chi-Wai Kan. "Effect of Wrinkle Free Finishing of Cotton Twill Fabric." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 3 (September 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000312.
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Wrinkle free finishing is a widely used functional finishing process to produce wrinkle-resistant cotton fabrics at the expense of tearing strength of fabrics. In this research, full factors and orthogonal experiments were carried out to invesitgate the mechnism between the wrinkle recovery and tearing strength of cotton fabrics. Wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) was tested by AATCC Test Method 66–2003. Fabric tearing strength, interwoven resistance, and yarn strength were tested before and after resin treatment by a tensile testing machine. By full factors experiment, it was found that the specimen could achieve its best wrinkle-free performance at 110°C curing temperature, 2.5 minutes curing time, 80% pick-up percentage and 60g/l resin concentration considering fabric tearing strength. It is found out that after resin treatment in optimum condition, it could effectively improve the WRA and at the same time with the minimum lose of tearing strength of fabric.
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Le Chi, Hiep, Petr Louda, Su Le Van, Lukas Volesky, Vladimir Kovacic, and Totka Bakalova. "Composite Performance Evaluation of Basalt Textile-Reinforced Geopolymer Mortar." Fibers 7, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7070063.
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Basalt fiber is a novel type of inorganic fiber which is produced from the extrusion of natural vocalnic basalt rocks through their melting process at high temperature. So the quality and strength characteristics of basalt fiber depend mainly on both the quality of raw material and manufacturing processing. Basalt fabric-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCM) are a novel composite and an extensive scientific investigation is still ongoing for geopolymer composite. Based on three types of basalt textile with respect to various net sizes, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the flexural performance of basalt textile-reinforced geopolymer composite through the four-point bending test. The specimens of rectangular form with the dimension of 400 × 100 × 15 mm3, reinforced with one to four layers of each type of basalt textile, were produced. They were then tested at the age of about 40 days after casting. On the other hand, the number of the specimens reinforced with four layers were considered to assess the mechanical strength of the specimens at longer periods of ageing time (60, 90, 150, 180 days). The experimental results showed that with the increasing number of reinforcing layers, the specimens significantly improved the mechanical strength, except for those reinforced with basalt textile of big net size. The specimens reinforced with basalt textile of big net size had no impact on post-crack mechanical strength, however, it helps to arrest the catastrophic brittle failure of the specimens; the failure of these specimens is due to localization of first crack. When the specimens were exposed to the further ageing times, the mechanical strength of the specimens were decreased over time. All the reinforced specimens have the same failure mode by flexural failure due to the rupture of fiber yarn in matrix, and no debonding of fiber yarn or a gradual peeling process of mortar matrix happened during testing.
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Wong, Yoke Rung, Austin Mun Kitt Loke, and Shian Chao Tay. "The Effect of Suture Materials on the Biomechanical Performance of Different Flexor Tendon Repairs and the Concept of Construct Efficiency." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 23, no. 02 (May 7, 2018): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835518500285.
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Background: To propose a new term (‘construct efficiency’) for the evaluation of multi strands flexor tendon repairs using different suture materials. Methods: A total of twenty specimens from 4-0 braided polyblend sutures (FiberLoop/FiberWire; Arthrex, Naples, FL) and 4-0 nylon sutures (Supramid Extra II; S. Jackson, Inc., Alexandria, VA) were subjected to tensile testing using Pneumatic Cord-and-Yarn Grips (Instron Corp., Canton MA, USA). The ultimate tensile strengths of the suture materials were measured. The expected repair strengths and construct efficiencies were computed based on the experimental results and from available literature on actual repair strengths of the 4-strand Becker, Cruciate repairs and 6-strand Tang, modified Lim-Tsai repairs. Results: The ultimate tensile strength of nylon suture was 15.4 ± 0.6N, lower than that of braided polyblend suture (45.3 ± 2.3N) with a difference of 194%. The construct efficiency of multi strand repairs varied with respect to different repair techniques and suture materials. It was found that the Becker repairs using FiberWire had the highest construct efficiency (55.7%) followed by the modified Lim-Tsai using Supramid (50.9%), Tang repair using Supramid (49.8%), Cruciate repair using Fiberwire (49.1%), and modified Lim-Tsai repair using FiberLoop (33.5%). Conclusions: The construct efficiency is more accurate in showing that, in terms of biomechanical strength, the use of FiberWire for the 4-strand Becker and Cruciate repair is more efficient than that of using FiberLoop for 6-strand modified Lim-Tsai repair.
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Sorokin, E. Ya, and A. L. Koldobskii. "Probability nature of the size effect in yarn strength." Fibre Chemistry 16, no. 4 (1985): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00574547.
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Zhu, Bo, Zhongjian Li, Xinwei Cao, Jianli Liu, and Weidong Gao. "Dynamic Measurement of Foam-Sized Yarn Properties from Yarn Sequence Images." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2017-0030.
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Abstract Unlike the normal sizing method, the foam sizing had been proven to be a low-add-on technology. To investigate the effect of foam sizing, film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate were necessary to evaluate the performances of foam-sized yarns. However, the conventional image analysis of sized-yarn cross sections primarily relied on artificial testing with a low efficiency. This paper proposed a novel dynamic method to measure the sized-yarn properties including film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate based on yarn sequence images captured from a moving yarn. A method of dynamic threshold module was adopted to obtain threshold for segmenting yarns in the sequence images. K-means clustering algorithm was applied to segment pixels of the images into yarn and background. To further remove burrs and noise in the images, two judgment templates were carried out to extract the information of yarn core. The film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate were measured based on the yarn core of each frame in sequence images. In order to compare with the experimental results of the dynamic method, the yarn properties of the same samples were tested by static and artificial testing. Results revealed that the proposed method could efficiently and accurately detect the film thickness, sized-yarn evenness, and size penetration rate.
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Wang, Ping, and Yan Zhang. "The Effect of Twist on the Tensile Strength of Yarns with High Performance." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.453.
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Yarns with high performance are more and more widely used in geotextiles. In this paper, the author researched the effect of twist on the tensile behaviors of high performance yarns. Due to the superior tensile strength of these yarns, the tensile tests can’t be operated on the normal textile yarns testing machine and all yarns were tested on the fabric strength tester. The results reveal that the tensile strength of yarns will firstly increase, and then decrease with the increasing twist. The simple analyses were also proposed to demonstrate this phenomenon.
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Gao, Yi Qiang. "Structure and Properties of Double-Filament Tri-Component Combined Yarn." Advanced Materials Research 1035 (October 2014): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1035.101.
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Manufacturing process of combined yarn with different filament size and cotton roving has been discussed. It shows that filament feeding point has some effect on combined yarn structure and yarn properties. If the filaments are fed from different sides of the cotton strand, they usually wrap the strand in parallel. If the filaments are fed from the same side of the strand, they wrap the strand crossed more often. Filament feeding point has an effect on yarn hairiness while it affects yarn breaking strength, yarn breaking elongation and abrasion resistance slightly. Yarn property weight is determined by subjective empowerment and Borda method is used to analyze yarn property. It has proved that if the filaments are fed from different sides of the cotton strand, the filament-roving space is set at 4mm respectively; the combined yarn shows the best.
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Khurshid, Furqan, Sarmad Aslam, Usman Ali, Amir Abbas, Talha Ali Hamdani, and Fiaz Hussain. "Optimization of Break Draft, Pin Spacer and Rubber Cots Hardness to Enhance the Quality of Ring Spun Yarn Using Factorial Design." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 2 (June 2018): 155892501801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501801300209.
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The aim of the present work is to optimize the drafting parameters for ring spinning by using full factorial (23) experimental design. Three drafting parameters of ring spinning each at two levels were chosen for this study. These technological parameters were break draft, size of pin spacer and hardness of rubber cots. It was found from statistical analysis that pin spacer size has a significant effect on yarn unevenness (U %), imperfection index (IPI), hairiness (H) and yarn strength (CLSP) compared to the other two chosen factors. These yarn quality parameters were improved by increasing the spacer size. The increase in spacer size reduces the cohesive forces among the fibers during drafting. The pin between the cradle and the top front roller transfer the individual fibers from the drafted fiber assembly to the spinning triangle without any stretching or accumulation. This yields a more integrated structure and the quality of yarn is improved.
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HONGYAN, WU, WU LI, KANG SHUANG, and YIN JIANHUA. "Application of nano-TiO2 in sizing of kapok blended yarn." Industria Textila 70, no. 02 (May 1, 2019): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.02.1578.
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The usability of Rutile type nano-TiO2 as the auxiliary in sizing was investigated in order to improve the quality of kapok blended yarn. First, TiO2 with different quality was added to the traditional size, and four kinds of kapok blended yarns were starched. Then, the strength, elongation, abrasion resistance and hairiness of the sized yarns were tested. Finally, the effect of TiO2 content on the performance of the yarn was analyzed. The results demonstrate that using TiO2 as sizing agent is favorable to the increase in strength, loss in elongation, abrasion resistance and hairiness of sized yarns. And, when the ratio of TiO2 to starch is 1.5%, the properties of the sized yarn are excellent.
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Wang, Qiu Mei, Xiao Yang, Jing Gao, and Peng Fei Song. "Knittability of Basalt Fiber Weft-Knitted Fabrics for Composite Reinforcement Based on Properties of Advanced Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 583 (October 2012): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.583.207.
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The knittability of basalt fiber yarn for knitted fabrics was estimated from two aspects. Firstly the effect of 3 kinds of head size of needle hook on the loop strength of basalt fiber yarn was analysis by the experimental data. Then the basalt fiber yarn was knitted into plain, 1*1 rib and all needle rib knitted fabrics in 5 different loop lengths in a flat knitting machine. The influence of loop length, fabric stitch and fiber fineness on the fiber damage degree were studied by means of the tensile strength of the yarn taken from the fabrics for all kinds of fabrics. The experimental results show that for these 3 kinds of basalt weft knitted fabrics there is a best loop length in which the fiber damage degree caused by the knitting process is the smallest and the value is different for each stitch.
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Shaha, S. K., S. Dyuti, Qumrul Ahsan, and Mahbub Hasan. "Effect of Alkali Treatment on Surface Morphology and Properties of Jute Yarns." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1922.
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Due to the environmental issue, natural fibers are day by day becoming attractive to researchers. Natural fiber contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin etc, which are hygroscopic in nature and biodegradable. The lack of surface feature diminishes its properties. So, the surface properties of the jute yarns need to be modified. In the present study, jute yarns were cleaned using 2% detergent and chemically modified by 5, 15 and 25% NaOH solution both at room temperature and 700C for 2 hours and dried in air. The structural and morphological studies of the treated and untreated yarns were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal and mechanical behaviour of the yarns were analyzed using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Instron Universal testing machine. The results show the improvement in mechanical strength of the yarns due to the change in crystalinity after alkali treatment. Also, the thermal decomposition temperature of raw jute yarns decreased from 357.30C to 349.60 C after alkali treatment.
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Basra, Sikander Abbas, Zeeshan Azam, Norina Asfand, Sohaib Anas, Khurram Iftikhar, and Muhammad Awais Irshad. "Development of interlock knitted seersucker fabric for better comfort properties." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502096300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020963009.
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The need for innovative fabrics has rapidly increased in recent years, owing to their cost effective with good aesthetic and comfort properties. Seersucker fabrics are cost effective fabric structure with good aesthetic and comfort properties produced by modification in material or in fabric structures. The main purpose of this research work is to develop seersucker fabric on interlock machine through using different yarns and stripes height. Puckering effect on knitted fabric obtained using elastane covered yarn with simple cotton yarn and relaxation of elastane made the cotton yarn produce a puckering effect. Different seersucker fabrics were produced by changing tube size with the help of change in stripe height and using different yarn combinations on the back side (i.e. cotton covered elastane, spun polyester, and cotton) of the fabric. The seersucker knitted fabric were subjected to different tests such as mechanical testing that is fabric stretch, tactile comfort and thermophysiological comfort, that is, thermal resistance and air permeability test. The test results concluded that the seersucker interlock knitted fabric gives good comfort and aesthetic properties.
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Tong, Yun. "Influence of Construction of Textile Material on Performance of Warp Sizing." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1408.
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Warp sizing is the precondition of weaving for most textile material. A key fact discussed in this paper is capillary effect, by means of a series of experiments known as observation of suction lift of various types of yarn under non-wetting and wetting condition, a longitudinal and cross section of warp under microscope, tensile breaking strength of sized warp compared between non-wetting sized warp and pre-wetting sized warp, desizing time, etc, it is concluded that the capillary effect is affected by textile material construction such as linear density of warp, spinning process, yarn twist, absorbency .etc, is inherent driving force for size glue penetrating into warp so as to make weaving possible, pre-wetting process will be greatly helpful for penetrating in warp slashing, resulted from capillary effect being enhanced
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Döbrich, Oliver, Thomas Gereke, Martin Hengstermann, and Chokri Cherif. "Microscale finite element model of brittle multifilament yarn failure behavior." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 5 (October 20, 2016): 870–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716674908.
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A microscale model of multifilament reinforcement yarns made of technical carbon fibers is established based on the finite element method. The model is used to perform simulations of tensile failure. The failure behavior of dry multifilament carbon yarns is modeled using a maximum stress criterion with statistical distribution of the strength. The maximum stress is assigned to every single element and varied according to a normal distribution found in experimental tests of single filaments. The Weibull distribution is used for calculating the local failure stress. The material parameters are calculated in function of the element size to account for the volume-specific statistical breaking effect. Representative simulations of the tensile failure behavior prove the concept of the introduced assumptions.
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Sancar Besen, Burcu, and Onur Balci. "Investigation of the effects of silicone emulsions having different particle sizes on knitted fabrics depending on the type of yarn." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 394–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-07-2016-0087.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of silicone-based softeners, which were developed with different particle sizes (nano, micro, and macro) and chemical structures, on the performance of 100 percent cotton fabrics knitted with different type of yarn (ring, open-end, and compact). Design/methodology/approach In the study, the silicone emulsions having expected particle sizes were produced at laboratory conditions. The produced silicone emulsions were applied to knitted fabrics with both padding and exhaust methods at different concentrations. Some characterization tests (particle size and zeta potential) were applied to the silicone emulsions before the applications. After the applications, CIELab values, whiteness and color fastness, hyrophility, abrasion, pilling, bursting strength, and stiffness performances of the samples were tested. The changes of the investigated properties were also examined via ANOVA. Findings According to the results, it was found that the silicone applications caused the CIELab values, whiteness degree, hyrophility, pilling, bursting strength and stiffness performance of the fabrics to change depending on the particle sizes of the emulsions, the yarn type of the fabrics, the application type, and the concentration of the silicone emulsions. When the ANOVA results were examined, it was seen that the types of the yarn and the silicone emulsions were the most effective working parameters on the results. Research limitations/implications Because no additives were added to the produced silicone emulsions, in the future research, they can be developed with the use of some additives. Thus, it can resolve some of the disadvantages of the silicone emulsions on the textiles. Practical implications While applying the silicone softeners to the knitted fabrics, the type of the yarn and the particle sizes of the emulsions must be determined according to each other, in order to obtain enough handle performance without causing negative change on the other important properties of the knitted fabrics. Originality/value When the studies regarding silicone softeners were investigated, it was found that there were no studies about the effect of the silicone softeners having different particle sizes on the physical and chemical structures of the knitted fabrics depending on the type of yarn and some working parameters such as concentration and type of the application.
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Whitelock, Derek P., Carlos B. Armijo, and Christopher D. Delhom. "Seed Cotton and Lint Moisture Addition at a Western Cotton Gin." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 3 (2018): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12618.
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Abstract. Testing was conducted at a western commercial cotton gin to evaluate the effect of humid air moisture addition on fiber quality, bale value, and operating costs; when applied at the gin stand feeder conditioning hopper and battery condenser lint slide. Two tests each with 19 conventional modules of upland cotton were conducted over two consecutive days. The moisture treatments included feeder hopper moisture on or off and lint slide moisture on or off, resulting in four treatment combinations: 1) no moisture added (No Addition), 2) moisture added at the feeder hopper only (Hopper Only), 3) moisture added at the lint slide only (Slide Only), and 4) moisture added at the both the feeder hopper and lint slide moisture (Hopper+Slide). Results showed that seed cotton moisture content at the gin stand was about 0.1 percentage points higher when moisture was added at the feeder hopper and lint moisture content in the bale was about 0.9 percentage points higher when moisture was added at the lint slide. Adding moisture at the feeder hopper resulted in small, but significant (p-value = 0.05), improvements in HVI length [+0.21 mm (0.008 in.)], uniformity (+0.16 percentage points), and strength (+0.25 g/tex), and AFIS length [+0.4 mm (0.016 in.)] and short fiber content (-0.52 percentage points). However, fiber yellowness also increased (+0.12 +b) when moisture was added at the feeder hopper. Adding moisture at the lint slide had very little effect on fiber quality. Moisture addition at either location did not significantly affect spinning performance or yarn quality. Lint produced with moisture added only at the feeder hopper had the highest average value [$1.254/kg (56.88 ¢/lb)] and lint with moisture added only at the lint slide had the lowest value [$1.234/kg (55.98 ¢/lb)]. Bales produced with added moisture were heavier, 9 kg (20 lb) heavier on average for the Hopper+Slide moisture addition than for No Addition. Bales produced using moisture addition not only contained more moisture, but also more lint. This could be due to easier bale pressing, which was supported by measurements which showed that about 2 kW less press power was required to press bales with moisture added at the lint slide. Moisture added at the feeder hopper resulted in the greatest overall increase in value over the value of cotton ginned with no moisture addition, more than $32,000 when extrapolated over 10,000 bales. The moisture addition treatments required more energy to produce bales, mainly due to the additional natural gas required for air humidifying equipment. However, since bales with added moisture contained more dry lint resulting in fewer bales pressed for the same amount of dry lint in bales produced with no moisture addition, savings in bale packaging materials and labor costs made operating the moisture systems slightly less expensive than not, up to about $1400 less for 10,000 bales with the Hopper+Slide moisture addition. Although the results showed little impact on cotton quality by adding moisture, the subtle differences and heavier bales containing more lint could have a significant effect on the value to a producer over an entire cotton crop or to a gin over an entire season. Keywords: Cost benefit analysis, Cotton ginning, Energy, Fiber quality, Humid air, Moisture addition.
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Wahab, Md Saidin, Muhammad Nazri Rejab, and Mohd Pahmi Saiman. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties for 2D Woven Kenaf Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.125.
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Woven composite based on natural fiber increasingly used for many applications in industries because of their advantages such as good relative mechanical properties and renewable resources, but there are some issues as cost and protracted development period to perform reliability evaluation by experimental with real scale. Predictive modeling technique is use to minimize the need for physical testing, shorten design timescales and provide optimized designs. Mechanical properties of woven fabrics for technical textile depend on a) type of raw materials b) type and count of warp and weft yarns c) yarn density and d) the type of weave structure. The effect of fabric architecture to the mechanical properties is investigated. Woven kenaf composite is modeled using the modeling software to get the properties of the model. Further, the model is analyzed using finite element analysis to predict the mechanical properties of the woven kenaf composite. In addition, the effect of the combination of yarn size and weave pattern to the woven kenaf composite is stated base on the mechanical properties to predict the optimum structure of woven kenaf composite.
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Liu, Tao, Baozhong Sun, and Bohong Gu. "Effects of yarn defects and specimen size on impact compressive damages of 3-D angle interlock woven composites." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 9 (September 24, 2017): 1380–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789517733123.
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The objective of this work is to investigate yarn defects and specimen size on the impact compressive properties of 3-D angle interlock woven composites (AIWCs). The size effects on impact compressive properties were tested along in plane and out of plane directions. A new finite element model, with inherent defects in the geometrical model of yarns, was established to simulate impact compressive properties of the 3-D AIWCs. The model was further used to analyze size effects on impact compressive properties of 3-D AIWCs. We found the size effect on the 3-D AIWCs was not apparent both in experimental and numerical results; however, the random defects in yarns had a great effect on the compressive properties of 3-D AIWCs along different directions. The yarns effects will weaken the compressive stiffness and strength significantly.
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bin Saiman, Mohd Pahmi, Md Saidin bin Wahab, and Mat Uzir Wahit. "The Effect of Alkali Treatment on Impact Strength of Woven Kenaf Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite Using Vacuum Infusion Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 564 (June 2014): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.564.422.
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Nowadays, natural fibres are used in many applications such as automotive, due to its material properties and being environmental friendly. This study is on woven Kenaf reinforced unsaturated polyester focusing on the effect of alkali treatment towards the impact strength of the textile composite. The experiment consists of two different yarn size woven in plain weave and infused using vacuum infusion process into a composite panel. Optic microscopy was used to determine the swelling of fibre, fabrics and composites before and after alkali treatment. The high speed puncture was used to evaluate the impact strength of pure unsaturated polyester and the composite. The results showed that alkali treatment enhanced the impact strength of the composite compared to pure polyester and untreated composite. The swelling of the fibres caused the yarns to expand throughout the thickness and the width of each composite. The gap between the yarns interlacing was reduced due to the expansion of yarns which has increased the covering area of the reinforced material.
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Bel-Berger, Patricia, and Terri Von Hoven. "Effects of Mechanical Cleaning on Cotton Fibers: Part III: Effects of Card Wire Condition on White Specks." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 12 (December 1997): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706701201.
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Combinations of gin and mill cleaning sequences have been studied to determine the best way to clean both smooth-leaf and hairy-leaf cottons. The two varieties were subjected to four different levels of lint cleaning at the gin, followed by nine different mill cleaning sequences, for a total of thirty-six samples. All samples were tested for fiber properties (Part II), yarn strength, and fabric strength and appearance. The yarn and fabric properties are reported in this paper. In the middle of the study, the card wire was damaged and subsequently replaced, which presented the opportunity to determine the impact of the card wire's condition on white specks. In addition, image analysis of the fabric samples by Optimas detected the percent white, the percentage of the area of white specks in a specified area of fabric. Because of the variability of white specks, a larger sample size was needed than was available for the mill samples, so only trends can be reported for the mill samples. In general, the more aggressive the cleaning, the higher the percent white. When comparing the effect of ginning, each additional lint cleaner produced an increase in percent white for the worn card wire. The new card wire decreased the percent white overall as compared to the worn card wire. The new card wire samples with three lint cleanings had a significantly higher white speck level than zero, one, or two lint cleaners. Similarly, the harsher the mill cleaning, the higher the percent white. The hairy-leaf variety produced percent white values similar to those for the smooth-leaf cotton for both the old and new card wires. Thus, when confronted with the possibility of a white speck problem, minimal gin cleaning and less aggressive mill cleaning are recommended.
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Signorini, Cesare, Antonella Sola, Andrea Nobili, and Cristina Siligardi. "Lime-cement textile reinforced mortar (TRM) with modified interphase." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 17, no. 1 (January 2019): 228080001982782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800019827823.
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Background: Lack of interphase compatibility between the fabric and the matrix significantly impairs the load-bearing capacity of textile reinforced mortar (TRM). In this study, we consider the application of two inorganic surface coatings for enhancing the interphase bond properties. Methods: Either of two silica-based coatings, namely nano- and micro-silica, were applied to alkali-resistant glass (ARG) and to hybrid carbon–ARG woven fabric. Mechanical performance of TRM reinforced with the uncoated and the coated fabric was compared in uniaxial tensile tests. Results: Mechanical testing provides evidence of a remarkable enhancement in terms of ultimate strength and deformability for the coated specimens. This effect can be ascribed to the improved hydrophilicity of the fibers’ surface and to the activation of pozzolanic reaction at the interphase. In addition, penetration of nano- and microparticles in the bundle of the textile yarns reduces the occurrence of telescopic failure.
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Xie, Juan, and Hairu Long. "Investigation on the Relation between Structure Parameters and Sensing Properties of Knitted Strain Sensor under Strip Biaxial Elongation." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 4 (December 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000410.
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Knitted strain sensors with different specifications were made from silver-coated conductive yarn and elastic insulating filament with plating-jacquard technique on a SANTONI seamless knitting machine. The arrangements between conductive loops and insulating loops in a structure unit were varied to investigate the effect of the sensor's structures and parameters on sensitivity and repeatability. The influence of fabric density was explored for designing sensing mechanisms. The sensors were also fabricated with different conductive areas by altering the size of the sensing area. The sensing properties of the sensors were assessed by testing their resistance variations under strip biaxial elongation. The results show that knitted strain sensors with various loop arrangements have shown distinct sensitivity and sensing repeatability. Sensors with different fabric densities display good resistance repeatability under both strip biaxial elongation. In addition, the increment of conductive loop wales makes larger resistance variation of sensors with equal numbers of conductive loop courses, and sensors including similar conductive wales tend to have smaller resistance variation at the highest strain level with the growth of conductive courses.
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Zhao, Ying, Min Li, Liping Zhang, Anli Tian, Yi Zhang, and Shaohai Fu. "Influence of diffusion behavior of disperse dye ink on printing accuracy for warp-knitted polyester fabrics." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517741158.
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The diffusion behavior of disperse dye ink on untreated warp-knitted polyester (WKP) fabric for ink-jet printing was investigated. The results showed that disperse dye ink diffused along the yarn, and the loops and underlap structure of WKP fabric had a significant influence on printing accuracy. The effect of ink volume on the diffusion shape of ink on pretreated fabrics using a cationic modification agent (B-1), sodium alginate (SA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was also investigated. It could be observed that ink volume and pretreatment agents had a great influence on the diffusion shape and printing accuracy. The diffuse width of disperse dye ink on WKP fabric in the wale direction was wider than that in the course direction when the droplet size was less than 0.2 µL, whereas the ink diffused mainly along the course direction. Moreover, the diffuse width of ink on B-1 pretreated fabric was smaller than that on the fabric pretreated with SA or PVA for the thick fabric (230 g/m2). Compared with the untreated and pretreated fabrics using SA or PVA, the color strength ( K/ S) and saturation ( C*) value of the B-1 pretreated fabric increased. However, the diffuse width of ink on SA pretreated fabric was smaller than that on the fabric pretreated with B-1 or PVA for the thin fabric (110 g/m2).
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Azam, Zeeshan, Hafsa Jamshaid, Yasir Nawab, Rajesh Mishra, Miroslav Muller, Rostislav Choteborsky, Viktor Kolar, Martin Tichy, and Michal Petru. "Influence of inlay yarn type and stacking sequence on mechanical performance of knitted uni-directional thermoplastic composite prepregs." Journal of Industrial Textiles, August 10, 2020, 152808372094772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083720947727.
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The aim of this study is to develop and investigate mechanical properties of knitted unidirectional thermoplastic composite prepregs. Knitted prepregs were fabricated by using thermoplastic yarns (high density polyethylene and polypropylene) and high performance yarns (kevlar, basalt and carbon) in double jersey inlay structure. This is a new approach to combine the reinforcing fiber with resin forming thermoplastic fiber during the knitting operation. The structures were stacked further in three stacking sequences at different angles (0/0/0/0, 0/90/0/90, 0/90/90/0), and hot compression was used to convert them into composite prepregs by melting the thermoplastic component. Mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact energy absorbed etc. were investigated in detail. Full factorial experimental design was used in order to study the effect of main yarn, inlay yarn and direction of stacking/plying on mechanical properties of composites. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted by Minitab 17 software to estimate the significance of testing direction (T), type of inlay yarn (I), type of main yarn (M) and stacking sequence (S) on mechanical properties. Overall highest tensile and flexural strengths were observed for Carbon fiber based samples followed by Kevlar and Basalt respectively. Theoretical estimation of elastic modulus shows similar trend as the experimental results. The inter-laminar shear strength is maximum when the fiber orientation changes in each layer. Type of main yarn and inlay yarn have significant contribution on impact related properties. Depending upon type of material, these composites can be used in aerospace, automotive, civil and sports goods.
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M, Shiferaw, and Muhammed A. "Optimization of Spacer Size and Degree of Shore Hardness on Yarn Quality in Ring Frame Machine." Advance Research in Textile Engineering 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26420/advrestexteng.2021.1058.
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This study was mainly focused on the optimization of spacer size and degree of shore hardness in ring frame drafting systems to improve yarn quality parameters. The 100% cotton fiber carded yarn samples of 35.5Nm were produced to analyze the effect of spacer size and degree of shore hardness with different combinations. The spacers were 4.2 and 4.5 mm and the shore hardness was 70 back & 62 front and 70 back & 65 front. All yarn samples of the same count were produced on the same spinning positions by changing the spacer’s size and degree of shore hardness by keeping all other parameters constant. The produced samples were tested according to standard testing methods and instruments. After testing, the tested results were compared to analyze the influence of spacer size and shore hardness on yarn quality in a ring spinning frame. The technologist needs to understand this and act on it to optimize the yarn production. The specific size of the spacer with specific shore hardness should be used for a particular count of yarn. The results showed that yarn quality i.e. U%, Cvm, Neps +200%/km, Thick +50%/km, Thin -50%/ km, TIPI are considerably influenced by the spacer size with different shore hardness. So it is concluded that the best result has been obtained in the case of using a pink color spacer (4.2mm) with 70 degrees back and 65 front degree front top rollers.
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Kirane, Kedar, Marco Salviato, and Zdeněk P. Bažant. "Microplane-Triad Model for Elastic and Fracturing Behavior of Woven Composites." Journal of Applied Mechanics 83, no. 4 (January 25, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4032275.
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A multiscale model based on the framework of microplane theory is developed to predict the elastic and fracturing behavior of woven composites from the mesoscale properties of the constituents and the weave architecture. The effective yarn properties are obtained by means of a simplified mesomechanical model of the yarn, based on a mixed series and parallel coupling of the fibers and of the polymer within the yarns. As a novel concept, each of the several inclined or aligned segments of an undulating fill and warp yarn is represented by a triad of orthogonal microplanes, one of which is normal to the yarn segment while another is normal to the plane of the laminate. The constitutive law is defined in terms of the microplane stress and strain vectors. The elastic and inelastic constitutive behavior is defined using the microplane strain vectors which are the projections of the continuum strain tensor. Analogous to the principle of virtual work used in previous microplane models, a strain energy density equivalence principle is employed here to obtain the continuum level elastic and inelastic stiffness tensors, which in turn yield the continuum level stress tensor. The use of strain vectors rather than tensors makes the modeling conceptually clearer as it allows capturing the orientation of fiber failures, yarn cracking, matrix microcracking, and interface slip. Application of the new microplane-triad model for a twill woven composite shows that it can realistically predict all the orthotropic elastic constants and the strength limits for various layups. In contrast with the previous (nonmicroplane) models, the formulation can capture the size effect of quasi-brittle fracture with a finite fracture process zone (FPZ). Explicit finite-element analysis gives a realistic picture of progressive axial crushing of a composite tubular crush can initiated by a divergent plug. The formulation is applicable to widely different weaves, including plain, twill, and satin weaves, and is easily extensible to more complex architectures such as hybrid weaves as well as two- and three-dimensional braids.
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Quan, Jing, Longdi Cheng, Jianyong Yu, and Wenliang Xue. "Numerical simulation of dynamic pressures on a novel drafting system and experimental study on yarn properties based on friction fields." Textile Research Journal, September 16, 2021, 004051752110460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175211046059.
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The friction fields of a novel drafting device based on the ring spinning frame are investigated in terms of numerical simulation and experimental studies. In numerical simulation, the results demonstrate that the dynamic pressure distribution in the drafting zone is presented in the form of wave undulation in the main drafting zone. Besides this, the pressure peak greatly increases close to the front nip. The effect of different spacers and middle roller speeds on the pressure distribution was also simulated, which indicates that the dynamic pressure decreases strictly with increasing spacer size, while at middle roller speeds of 0.18 rad/s and 0.26 rad/s the pressure distributions only show a significant difference at the pins nip and not throughout the drafting zone. For experimental studies, the friction fields of the novel drafting device were tested with different spacers. The peaks of the friction field decrease with the increasing spacing in the main drafting zone. The friction force shows a wavy undulation in the direction of the middle roller nip to the front roller nip, and there is also a great increase in the peak of the friction force near the front roller nip. Analysis of the properties of the three yarns spun by the novel draft device under different spacers shows that changing the spacer affects the friction forces of the drafting zone and has a significant effect on the yarn evenness, imperfections, and strength, but not on the hairiness.