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Journal articles on the topic 'Skaftö'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 July 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Kriviņš, Anatolijs. "Notiesāto amatpersonu skaita dinamika pretkorupcijas kontekstā." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 5 (2016): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.05.2016.2.47-55.

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Raksts ir veltīts būtiskas problēmas izzināšanai – pret korupciju vērsto darbību efektivitātes korelācijai ar notiesāto amatpersonu skaitu. Publikācijā atspoguļots pētījums, vai par korupciju notiesāto valsts amatpersonu skaita pieaugums / samazinājums liecina par efektīvāku cīņu pret korupciju. Pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka nepastāv zinātniski pierādīta korelācija starp amatpersonu skaitu, kas notiesātas par korupciju, un valstī realizēto pret korupciju vērsto darbību efektivitāti. The article is devoted to the research of a significant problem – correlation between indicators of the number of condemned officials and efficiency of fight against corruption. In the article it is investigated whether increase/reduction of the number of condemned officials demonstrates a more effective fight against corruption. The results of the research demonstrate that there is no scientifically proven correlation between the indicator of the number of condemned officials and the efficiency of fight against corruption in the state.

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2

Magnússon, Eyjólfur, Helmut Rott, Helgi Björnsson, and Finnur Pálsson. "The impact of jökulhlaups on basal sliding observed by SAR interferometry on Vatnajökull, Iceland." Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 181 (2007): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756507782202810.

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AbstractWe have analyzed InSAR data from the ERS-1/ERS-2 tandem mission, to study the ice dynamics of Vatnajökull, Iceland, during jökulhlaups from the Skaftá cauldrons and the Grímsvötn geothermal area, which drained under the Tungnaárjökull and Skeiðarárjökull outlets, respectively. During the initial phase of a Grímsvötn jökulhlaup in March 1996, the velocity of Skeiðarárjökull increased up to three-fold (relative to observed velocities in December 1995) over an area up to 8 km wide around the subglacial flood path. Accumulation of water was observed at one location in the flood path. During a small jökulhlaup from the Skaftá cauldrons in October 1995 the velocity on Tungnaárjökull increased up to four-fold over a 9 km wide area. The velocity increase was observed 1.5 days before the floodwater was detected in the river Skaftá. A reduced glacier speed as the flood peaked in Skaftá indicates evolution of the subglacial drainage system from sheet to tunnel flow. The glacier acceleration and local uplift, observed in the early phase of both jökulhlaups, supports the concept that increased water inflow in a narrow tunnel system causes water pressure to rise and forces water into areas outside the channels, thus reducing the coupling of ice with the glacier bed.

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3

Venclovaitė, Vaiva. "LIETUVOS SKAUTŲ SPAUDOS LEIDYBA 1990–2013 METAIS." Knygotyra 67, no. 67 (November 24, 2016): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.2016.67.10181.

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Straipsnyje siekiama ištirti Lietuvos skautų leidybinę veiklą 1990–2013 metais istoriniame, socialiniame, kultūriniame bei ideologiniame skautybės kontekste. Atliekant tyrimą išaiškėjo skautų leidybos paskatos, reikšmė, intensyvumai, teminiai ir kokybiniai aspektai. Skautų spauda išliko viena iš pagrindinių skautų organizacijos plėtros, komunikacijos, informacijos ir patirties perdavimo priemonių. Lietuvos skautų spauda nėra skirta vien tik vidiniams organizacijos poreikiams tenkinti. Joje gausu ir įvairesnės tematikos veikalų plačiajai visuomenei. Skautų leidybos geografijos ir pagrindinių leidėjų tyrimas parodė, kad pagrindiniai leidybos centrai Lietuvoje buvo nulemti ekonominės ir kultūrinės miestų padėties. Priklausomai nuo istorinės padėties kito ir leidėjų tinklas, tačiau buvo aiškiai matomas lyderis: tarpukario Lietuvoje – Lietuvos skautų sąjunga, išeivijoje – Lietuvių skautų sąjunga, nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje po 1990 m. – Lietuvos skautija. Skautų spauda padeda organizacijai išlaikyti tęstinumą. Tai suvokiant palaikomas pastovus knygų ir periodinės spaudos leidybos intensyvumas.

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4

Venclovaitė, Vaiva. "LIETUVOS SKAUTŲ SPAUDOS LEIDYBA 1990–2013 METAIS." Knygotyra 67 (November 24, 2016): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.67.10181.

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Straipsnyje siekiama ištirti Lietuvos skautų leidybinę veiklą 1990–2013 metais istoriniame, socialiniame, kultūriniame bei ideologiniame skautybės kontekste. Atliekant tyrimą išaiškėjo skautų leidybos paskatos, reikšmė, intensyvumai, teminiai ir kokybiniai aspektai. Skautų spauda išliko viena iš pagrindinių skautų organizacijos plėtros, komunikacijos, informacijos ir patirties perdavimo priemonių. Lietuvos skautų spauda nėra skirta vien tik vidiniams organizacijos poreikiams tenkinti. Joje gausu ir įvairesnės tematikos veikalų plačiajai visuomenei. Skautų leidybos geografijos ir pagrindinių leidėjų tyrimas parodė, kad pagrindiniai leidybos centrai Lietuvoje buvo nulemti ekonominės ir kultūrinės miestų padėties. Priklausomai nuo istorinės padėties kito ir leidėjų tinklas, tačiau buvo aiškiai matomas lyderis: tarpukario Lietuvoje – Lietuvos skautų sąjunga, išeivijoje – Lietuvių skautų sąjunga, nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje po 1990 m. – Lietuvos skautija. Skautų spauda padeda organizacijai išlaikyti tęstinumą. Tai suvokiant palaikomas pastovus knygų ir periodinės spaudos leidybos intensyvumas.

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5

Sievers, Immo. "125. Geburtstag von Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen." ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 105, no. 11 (November 2003): 1106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03224473.

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6

Grabusts, Pēteris. "Slēpto neironu loma tiešās izplatības tīklos." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 1999): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr1999vol1.1913.

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Parādīta slēpto neironu loma tiešās izplatības mākslīgajos neironu tīklos. Slēpto neironu skaita izteiksme parasti tiek noteikta katrā atsevišķā gadījumā empīriski. Aprakstītas metodikas slēpto neironu skaita noteikšanai.

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7

Silenieks, Juris, and Ilze Indrāne. "Dzegūzīte gadus skaita." World Literature Today 63, no. 1 (1989): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40145237.

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8

Brandão, Leonardo. "Skatistas na Cidade “Morena”." LICERE - Revista do Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 348–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2020.26873.

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Este artigo tem por objetivo elencar e sintetizar os principais eventos que ajudaram a consolidar um campo esportivo ligado à prática do skatismo na cidade de Campo Grande, capital do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. A construção da narrativa se deu por intermédio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com doze pessoas envolvidas com a promoção da prática do skate na cidade, em especial lojistas e demais agentes que impulsionaram o skate em fases distintas de seu desenvolvimento no município. A conclusão ressalta a importância das lojas de skate, em especial da Hot Point, da Toys Skate Shop e da Rema Board Shop, as quais romperam com a barreira puramente comercial e investiram no cenário do skate campo-grandense de distintos modos, seja trazendo profissionais para demonstração, criando vídeos de skate, organizando campeonatos ou apoiando e patrocinando talentos locais. O artigo finaliza apontando o aparecimento e fortalecimento do skate feminino, com o grupo Pantaneiras Skate Girls e também destaca o surgimento do primeiro skatista profissional oriundo desta cidade, Pedro Iti.

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9

Frisk, Michael G., and Thomas J. Miller. "Age, growth, and latitudinal patterns of two Rajidae species in the northwestern Atlantic: little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) and winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1078–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-005.

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Vertebral samples of little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) and winter skate (Leucoraja ocellata) were collected from Cape Hatteras, USA, to Canadian waters to estimate age, growth, and length at weight relationships for both species throughout this range. Maximum observed age was 12.5 and 20.5 years for little skate and winter skate, respectively. Significant length at weight relationships were found for both species. von Bertalanffy growth curves for the northwestern Atlantic were estimated for little skate (k = 0.19, L∞ = 56.1 cm, t0 = 1.17, p < 0.0001, n = 236) and winter skate (k = 0.07, L∞ = 122.1 cm, t0 = 2.07, p < 0.0001, n = 229). Additionally, latitudinal patterns in size and growth were observed in little skate, with individuals in northern regions growing slower and reaching a larger asymptotic size: von Bertalanffy growth estimates (mid-Atlantic, k = 0.22, L∞ = 53.26 cm, t0 = 1.04, p < 0.0001; southern New England Georges Bank, k = 0.20, L∞ = 54.34 cm, t0 = 1.22, p < 0.0001; Gulf of Maine, k = 0.18, L∞ = 59.31 cm, t0 = 1.15, p < 0.0001). Although differences were observed for sex-specific growth curves for both species, only winter skate curves were significantly different.

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10

McPhie, Romney P., and Steven E. Campana. "Bomb dating and age determination of skates (family Rajidae) off the eastern coast of Canada." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 3 (February 2, 2009): 546–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp002.

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Abstract McPhie, R. P., and Campana, S. E. 2009. Bomb dating and age determination of skates (family Rajidae) off the eastern coast of Canada. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 546–560. Recent declines in abundance of skates off the eastern coast of Canada have heightened the need for validated age and growth estimates in the region. In all, 502 winter (Leucoraja ocellata), little (Leucoraja erinacea), thorny (Amblyraja radiata), and smooth (Malacoraja senta) skate vertebral centra collected seasonally between 1999 and 2004 were sectioned using a mass processing method, then used to reconstruct growth in each species. Bomb radiocarbon (Δ14C) analysis was used to provide evidence of annual band-pair deposition in thorny skates. Estimates of L∞ from traditional von Bertalanffy growth models (VBGM) ranged from 60.6 cm (little skate) to 89.7 cm (thorny skate), and K estimates from 0.07 (thorny skate) to 0.19 (little skate). A modified two-parameter VBGM (Lmax = 94.1 cm) fitted to winter skate length-at-age data yielded a value of K of 0.15. Maximum observed ages ranged from 12 (little skate) to 19 years in both winter and thorny skates. The year-specific incorporation of Δ14C milled from thorny and winter skate vertebral sections closely resembled shark-derived reference chronology values from the Northwest Atlantic. Pre-bomb Δ14C in a thorny skate collected in 1988 and aged at 23 years appeared to validate age interpretations and suggested that thorny skate reach an absolute age of at least 28 years, the oldest validated age reported for any species of batoid.

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11

Gulowsen, Jon. "Kysten som skapte hurtigruten." Historisk tidsskrift 90, no. 03 (September 23, 2011): 391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-2944-2011-03-04.

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12

Kaspersen, Peter. "Atle Skaftun: Litteraturens nytteverdi." Edda 97, no. 03 (October 5, 2010): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1500-1989-2010-03-12.

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13

Aspøy, Arild. "Hvordan skaffe seg «trøkk»." Stat & Styring 25, no. 02 (June 10, 2015): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn0809-750x-2015-02-22.

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14

EINARSSON, BERGUR, TÓMAS JÓHANNESSON, THORSTEINN THORSTEINSSON, ERIC GAIDOS, and THOMAS ZWINGER. "Subglacial flood path development during a rapidly rising jökulhlaup from the western Skaftá cauldron, Vatnajökull, Iceland." Journal of Glaciology 63, no. 240 (July 6, 2017): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.33.

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ABSTRACTDischarge and water temperature measurements in the Skaftá river and measurements of the lowering of the ice over the subglacial lake at the western Skaftá cauldron, Vatnajökull, Iceland, were made during a rapidly rising glacial outburst flood (jökulhlaup) in September 2006. Outflow from the lake, flood discharge at the glacier terminus and the transient subglacial volume of floodwater during the jökulhlaup are derived from these data. The 40 km long initial subglacial path of the jökulhlaup was mainly formed by lifting and deformation of the overlying ice, induced by water pressure in excess of the ice overburden pressure. Melting of ice due to the heat of the floodwater from the subglacial lake and frictional heat generated by the dissipation of potential energy in the flow played a smaller role. Therefore this event, like other rapidly rising jökulhlaups, cannot be explained by the jökulhlaup theory of Nye (1976). Instead, our observations indicate that they can be explained by a coupled subglacial-sheet–conduit mechanism where essentially all of the initial flood path is formed as a sheet by the propagation of a subglacial pressure wave.

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15

Edison, Boston, and Sutrisnowati Machdijar Odang. "AULA SKATE." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i1.3974.

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Skateboard adalah salah satu olahraga ekstrim yang cukup digemari saat ini. Olahraga ini merupakan olahraga yang memacu adrenalin dan membutuhkan keberanian untuk melakukan trik (style) dan olahraga ini juga memiliki resiko tinggi karena olahraga ini diiringi dengan kecepatan serta ketinggian. Di luar negeri banyak sekali peminat skateboard dari berbagai kalangan baik dari remaja hingga orang dewasa. Di Indonesia, khususnya Jakarta, olahraga skateboard pun cukup digemari. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari mulai munculnya area skate di Jakarta dan banyaknya pengunjung yang datang untuk bermain skate di area skate tersebut (skatepark). Sayangnya fasilitas untuk skateboard yang tersedia masih tidak mencukupi untuk mewadahi penggemar olahraga skateboard itu sendiri. Padahal, cukup banyak atlet yang sudah menorehkan prestasi baik di kompetisi lokal maupun internasional. Karena minimnya fasilitas, banyak penggemar dan atlit olahraga skateboard ini yang menggunakan badan jalan dan lapangan kosong yang diisi rintangan yang seadanya untuk bermain atau berlatih skateboard. Hal ini dapat membahayakan pemain skateboard karena resiko dari olahraga ekstrim ini cukup besar dan juga membahayakan pengguna jalan yang lain. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan fasilitas Skatepark. Skatepark adalah suatu wadah yang dibuat untuk permainan skateboard atau taman bermain untuk skateboard dan umumnya ditata dengan tangga, pagar, bangku, dan berbagai rintangan-rintangan seperti half-pipes, quarter pipes, handrails, banked ramps, dll. Selain sebagai wadah permainan skateboard, skatepark juga dapat berfungsi sebagai ruang interaksi dan tempat rekreasi warga kota.

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16

Couto, Nancy Vieira. "The Skate." Iowa Review 32, no. 3 (December 2002): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.5621.

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17

Coats, Karen. "Skate (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 60, no. 5 (2007): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2007.0018.

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18

Paiders, Jānis, and Elīna Apsīte-Beriņa. "Ārzemju studentu migrācijas ietekme uz iedzīvotāju skaita samazināšanās tendencēm Latvijā." Folia Geographica 15 (2016): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/fg.15.26.

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19

Ainsley, Shaara M., David A. Ebert, and Gregor M. Cailliet. "A comparison of reproductive parameters of the Bering skate, Bathyraja interrupta, from two Alaskan large marine ecosystems." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 6 (2011): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10140.

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Estimates of size at maturity are crucial to fisheries stock assessments and may change spatially and temporally. This study directly compares life-history characteristics of a skate species in two large marine ecosystems in a region where there is both a directed fishery and considerable skate by-catch in other fisheries. The Bering skate, Bathyraja interrupta, is one of the most common skate species in Alaskan waters, occurring in two large marine ecosystems, the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), but little is known about its life history. Skates were sampled from both regions between 2004 and 2007. In the GOA, the size at maturity was estimated to be 69 cm total length (TL) for males and 71 cm TL for females, while in the EBS size at maturity was estimated as 70 cm and 72 cm TL for males and females, respectively. Median size at maturity differed by sex but not by region. Our results indicate that B. interrupta shows late maturity, typical of most skate species, suggesting that more detailed monitoring of skate populations and precautionary management is warranted as skate fisheries expand.

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20

Cai, Shi-Ying, Carol J. Soroka, Nazzareno Ballatori, and James L. Boyer. "Molecular characterization of a multidrug resistance-associated protein, Mrp2, from the little skate." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 284, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): R125—R130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00392.2002.

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Multidrug resistance protein Mrp2 (symbol Abcc2) in liver plays a significant role in the biliary excretion of organic anionic conjugates. Mutations in human MRP2 result in defects in excretion of conjugated bilirubin and other cholephiles known as the Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Previous studies indicate that transporters with Mrp2-like functions are present in ancient vertebrates. We have now characterized an Mrp2 ortholog at the molecular level from the liver of the small skate, Raja erinacea, a marine vertebrate that evolved ∼200 million years ago. The full-length skate Mrp2 cDNA is 6 kb and encodes for a 1,564-amino acid peptide with 56% identity to human Mrp2. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that skate Mrp2 is abundantly expressed in skate liver, intestine, and kidney. Immunoblots reveal a 180-kDa protein in skate liver. Immunofluorescence studies locate skate Mrp2 to the apical membrane of hepatocytes, renal tubules, and intestine. A PDZ-interacting motif is also found at its COOH terminus. Further sequence analysis indicates that transmembrane domains 1, 9, 11, 16, and 17 are the most highly conserved transmembrane domains between skate Mrp2 and mammalian MRP2/Mrp2s. This analysis indicates that Mrp2 orthologs evolved early in vertebrate evolution and that conserved domains may be important determinants of Mrp2 substrate specificity.

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21

Sūniņa, Linda, Pēteris Rivža, and Baiba Rivža. "Latgales reģiona novadu attīstība un inovāciju efektivitāte." Via Latgalica, no. 9 (May 5, 2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2017.9.2687.

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Inovācijas pamatoti tiek uzskatītas par būtisku uzņēmumu konkurētspējas izaugsmes avotu, kā arī par tautsaimniecības attīstības pamatu. Inovāciju loma Latvijas novadu attīstībā līdz šim nav pietiekami izvērtēta. Raksta autori ir mēģinājuši izanalizēt inovāciju lomu Latvijas novadu un īpaši Latgales novada attīstībā. Tas veikts, izmantojot faktoru un klasteru analīzi. Faktoru analīzei izmantoti 12 sākotnējie faktori: kopējais autoceļu tīkla blīvums, reģistrēto ilgstošo bezdarbnieku skaits, teritorijas attīstības līmeņa indekss, tirgus sektora ekonomiski aktīvo pašnodarbināto personu skaits uz 1000 iedzīvotājiem, E-indekss, NGA zonas, augstākā izglītība, nodarbinātība izejvielu ieguves un lauksaimniecības sektorā, inovatīvu uzņēmumu skaits, inovatīvu uzņēmumu apgrozījuma īpatsvars, inovatīvu uzņēmumu apgrozījums uz vienu darbinieku, NVO uz 1000 iedzīvotājiem. Sākotnējo faktoru skaitliskās vērtības iegūtas no RAIM (Reģionālās attīstības indikatoru modulis) datu bāzes visiem Latvijas novadiem. Faktoru analīzes lietošana pamatojama ar Kaisera – Meyera – Olkina (KMO=0.78>0.5) un Bartleta testa (=0.00

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22

Ock, Seong-Eun, and Kyung-Hee Lee. "Quality Characteristics of Skate Pipyun prepared with Skate Skin." Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life 26, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2016.4.26.2.171.

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23

옥성은 and 이경희. "Quality Characteristics of Skate Pipyun prepared with Skate Skin." Culinary Science & Hospitality Research 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2018.24.1.004.

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24

Frost, M., FC Neat, D. Stirling, V. Bendall, LR Noble, and CS Jones. "Distribution and thermal niche of the common skate species complex in the north-east Atlantic." Marine Ecology Progress Series 656 (December 10, 2020): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13545.

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Temperature is one of the most significant variables affecting the geographic distribution and physiology of elasmobranchs. Differing thermal gradients across a species’ range can lead to adaptive divergence and differing developmental times, an important consideration for recruitment rates of exploited species. The Critically Endangered common skate (formerly Dipturus batis) has been divided into 2 species, the flapper skate D. intermedius and blue skate D. batis, both of which have undergone dramatic population declines. Here we examine the environmental thermal and geographic distribution of these species, using observations from scientific trawling surveys and recreational angling around the British Isles. As similar-sized specimens of the 2 species can be confused, we validated species identity using molecular genetic techniques. Both species had more extensive geographic ranges than previously reported and different spatial patterns of abundance. The distribution of the blue skate appears to reflect its partiality to thermally less variable and warmer waters, while flapper skate were found in more variable and notably colder areas. The thermal range and current geographic distribution of these species indicate that future projected climate change could have a differential impact on distribution of flapper and blue skate in the north-east Atlantic.

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25

Lohre, Bjørn. "Sakskostnader i skatte- og avgiftssaker." Skatterett 29, no. 04 (January 4, 2011): 356–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-310x-2010-04-03.

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26

Anderssen, Harald Benestad. "Avhendingslovens periferi - skatte- og avgiftskrav." Tidsskrift for forretningsjus 10, no. 01 (June 14, 2016): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn0809-9510-2004-01-05.

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27

Björnsson, Helgi, Helmut Rott, Sverrir Gudmundsson, Andrea Fischer, Andreas Siegel, and Magnús T. Gudmundsson. "Glacier–volcano interactions deduced by SAR interferometry." Journal of Glaciology 47, no. 156 (2001): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756501781832520.

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AbstractGlacier-surface displacements produced by geothermal and volcanic activity beneath Vatnajökull ice cap in Iceland are described by field surveys of the surface topography combined with interferograms acquired from repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar images. A simple ice-flow model serves well to confirm the basic interpretation of the observations. The observations cover the period October 1996–January 1999 and comprise: (a) the ice-flow field during the infilling of the depressions created by the subglacial Gjálp eruption of October 1996, (b) the extent and displacement of the floating ice cover of the subglacier lakes of Grímsvötn and the Skaftá cauldrons, (c) surface displacements above the subglacier pathways of the jökulhlaups from the Gjálp eruption site and the Grímsvötn lake, (d) detection of areas of increased basal sliding due to lubrication by water, and (e) detection of spots of temporal displacement that may be related to altering subglacial volcanic activity. At the depression created by the Gjálp eruption, the maximum surface displacement rate away from the radar decreased from 27 cm d−1 to 2 cm d−1 over the period January 1997–January 1999. The observed vertical displacement of the ice cover of Grímsvötn changed from an uplift rate of 50 cm d−1 to sinking of 48 cm d−1, and for Skaftá cauldrons from 2 cm d to 25 cm d−1.

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EBERT, DAVID A., and CHANTE D. DAVIS. "Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific." Zootaxa 1393, no. 1 (January 18, 2007): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1393.1.1.

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Egg cases for 10 of 11 valid skate species known to occur in the eastern North Pacific (ENP) were identified and are here described. In addition, egg cases of two unidentified skate species were collected from very deep water off central and southern California, USA. Examples of egg cases for all species, except for two, were removed in utero in order to confirm their species specific identification. The egg cases of seven skate species, including egg cases from the two unidentified species, have not previously been described or illustrated from this region. Previous attempts to identify skate egg cases with their associated species have been inadequate. The ENP skate egg cases can broadly be classified into two main groups: those with broad lateral keels (> 10% maximum egg case width) and those with narrow lateral keels (< 10% maximum egg case width). Egg cases in the former group (with broad lateral keels) generally have a finely striated surface texture that is smooth to the touch. Those in the latter group (with narrow lateral keels), with one exception, tend to have a coarse surface texture, often with prickles, and are rough to the touch. A revised key to the skate egg cases from the ENP is provided.

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Goldstein, L., C. A. Luer, and P. C. Blum. "TAURINE TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EMBRYONIC SKATE (RAJA EGLANTERIA) HEART." Journal of Experimental Biology 182, no. 1 (September 1, 1993): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.182.1.291.

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The hearts of elasmobranchs, like those of other vertebrates, accumulate high concentrations of the amino acid taurine (Boyd et al. 1977), which is used to maintain osmotic equilibrium with the extracellular fluid. We recently demonstrated that embryonic hearts of the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria Bosc) were able to accumulate taurine equally as well as hearts of adult skates and, as in adults, the accumulation was the result of transport from extracellular taurine across the cell membrane against a steep concentration gradient (Goldstein et al. 1990). In adult skate hearts, the uptake of taurine is Na+-dependent and competitively inhibited by beta-alanine (Forster and Hannafin, 1980a), indicating that transport occurs by the beta-amino acid system found in many vertebrate hearts (Huxtable, 1992). During hypotonic stress, adult skate hearts release taurine and other amino acids. The Na+/taurine cotransport system permits the skate heart to maintain high concentrations of intracellular taurine, while the hypotonicity-activated taurine release aids in cell volume regulation following dilution of the extracellular fluid. The aims of the present study were to determine whether taurine uptake in the embryonic skate heart is Na+-dependent as in the adult and whether the skate heart has the capability of cell volume regulation (during hypotonic stress) before hatching.

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30

Berg, Siv. "Skapt av viten." Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening 130, no. 24 (2010): 2499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.10.0944.

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31

Hansen, Bård Erlend. "Delingsøkonomi og skatt." Praktisk økonomi & finans 34, no. 02 (June 4, 2018): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn.1504-2871-2018-02-05.

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32

Sueyoshi, Amy. "Skate and Create." Amerasia Journal 41, no. 2 (December 2015): 2–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aj.41.2.2.

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33

Shank, Caroln B., and Martie Lacey. "Skate the Lot." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 66, no. 4 (April 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1995.10608133.

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34

Mitsem, Pål. "Skatt og erstatning." Lov og Rett 29, no. 07 (September 1, 1990): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3061-1990-07-03.

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35

Nilsen, Gry. "Skatt 2010–2012." Praktisk økonomi & finans 28, no. 01 (March 12, 2012): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-2871-2012-01-10.

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Lothe, Rolf, and Kjell Magne Ryland. "Arveavgift og skatt." Praktisk økonomi & finans 29, no. 03 (September 9, 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-2871-2013-03-05.

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37

Wishman, Morten. "Menneskerettigheter og skatt." Skatterett 20, no. 04 (November 16, 2001): 299–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-310x-2001-04-02.

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38

Ytteborg, Helene. "Skatt på ungdomsarbeid." Søkelys på arbeidslivet 30, no. 01-02 (May 14, 2013): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-7989-2013-01-02-08.

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39

Hvardal, John Aage, and Boye W. Berge. "Pensjoner og skatt." Praktisk økonomi & finans 19, no. 04 (November 21, 2003): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-2871-2003-04-04.

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40

Schwartz, Frank J. "Richard's Skate, Bathyraja richardsoni, a Rare Skate off North Carolina." Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 128, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/2167-5880-128.1.21.

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Abstract Few specimens of the deepwater Richard's skate, Bathyraja richardsoni, have been collected worldwide since it was described off New Zealand in 1961. Recent searches uncovered two specimens collected off North Carolina in 1974.

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41

Weltz, Kay, Jeremy M. Lyle, Justin D. Bell, and Jayson M. Semmens. "Dietary analysis reveals the vulnerability of the endangered Maugean skate (Zearaja maugeana) to benthic changes in Macquarie Harbour." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 5 (2019): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18231.

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Species occupying high trophic positions with a small population size, limited diet and restricted range are vulnerable to extinction. The endangered Maugean skate (Zearaja maugeana) in Macquarie Harbour is potentially threatened by changing benthic environmental conditions (declining dissolved oxygen concentrations and decreased macrofaunal diversity). To inform investigations on potential indirect impacts of benthic environmental changes on the Maugean skate and its prey, non-lethal techniques were used to identify dietary composition and trophic position of the species. The Maugean skate occupies a high trophic position (3.70) in the food web, with both stable-isotope (median 86% contribution to isotopic signatures, credible interval (CI)=44–100%) and stomach-content analysis showing crustaceans, particularly brachyuran crabs (58.5% index of relative importance), as the dominant prey type. Aquaculture feed from salmonid fish farms operating in the harbour was not found to be important in skate diet. This study showed that the Maugean skate consumes a small number of benthic prey species, highlighting its vulnerability to changing environmental conditions in the harbour.

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Rampazzo, Marcelo, and Marco Paulo Stigger. "Jovens praticantes de skate e seu cotidiano." Motrivivência 28, no. 48 (September 21, 2016): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2016v28n48p207.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2016v28n48p207Nessa pesquisa, focamos os jovens e seu cotidiano, trazendo elementos que discutem o lazer, família, educação e trabalho. Pesquisa realizada com um grupo de jovens skatistas, numa pista pública de skate na cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. Foram ao todo nove meses de observação direta, cada qual relatada em Diários de Campo. Procuramos compreender como o lazer dos jovens que se dava pela prática do skate, se relacionava como outros aspectos de seu cotidiano. Após concluir o trabalho, consideramos que - para se manter na prática do skate - os jovens necessitam conciliar as cobranças de suas famílias, além das rotulações e estereótipos impostas de fora do universo de praticantes desse esporte. Percebemos, ainda, que os jovens passam por tudo isso com o propósito de manter seus “projetos” no skate.

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43

Ludwig, Walther. "Minna Skafte Jensen (Hg.), A History of Nordic Neo-Latin Literature." Arbitrium 14, no. 1 (1996): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arbi.1996.14.1.58.

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Chappell, R. L., and F. J. Rosenstein. "Pharmacology of the skate electroretinogram indicates independent ON and OFF bipolar cell pathways." Journal of General Physiology 107, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.107.4.535.

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Organization of afferent information into parallel ON and OFF pathways is a critical feature of the vertebrate visual system. All afferent visual information in the vertebrate retina reaches the inner plexiform layer (IPL) via bipolar cells. It is at the bipolar cell level that separation of ON and OFF information first appears for afferent information from cones. This may also hold true for the rod pathway of cold-blooded vertebrates, but not for mammals. The all-rod retina of the skate presents an opportunity to examine such pathways in a retina having but a single class of photoreceptor. Immunocytochemical evidence suggests that both ON and OFF bipolar cells are present in the skate retina. We examined the pharmacology of the skate electroretinogram (ERG) to test the hypothesis that independent ON and OFF bipolar cell pathways are functional as rod afferent pathways from outer to inner plexiform layer in the skate. 100 microM 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) reversibly blocked the skate ERG b-wave. A small d-wave-like OFF component of the ERG revealed by DC recording of response to a prolonged (10 s) flash of light was reduced or blocked by 5 mM kynurenic acid (KYN). We found that addition of 200 microM picrotoxin to the Ringer's solution revealed prominent ON and OFF components of the skate ERG while reducing the c-wave. These ON and OFF components were reversibly blocked by 100 microM APB and 5 mM KYN, respectively. Reversible block of the OFF component by KYN was also accomplished in the presence of 500 microM N-methyl-DL-aspartate. From these findings, we conclude that ON and OFF bipolar cells are likely to be functional as parallel afferent interplexiform pathways in the all-rod retina of the skate.

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45

Hausken, Kjell. "Exhaustive Classification and Review of Techniques and Research Program for Techniques for Skate Skiing, Classical Skiing, and Ski Mountaineering." Open Sports Sciences Journal 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2017): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x01710010160.

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Background:Scattered analysis of some cross country skiing techniques is present in the literature.Objective:To provide an exhaustive classification and systematic overview of techniques in cross country skiing.Method:This paper classifies six techniques for skate skiing (gliding diagonal skate skiing G1, paddling G2, double dance G3, two skate G4, marathon skate, combiskate G5), four techniques for classical skiing (running diagonal stride RUN DS, diagonal stride DS, double poling kick DK, and double poling DP), five techniques for both skate skiing and classical skiing (herringbone HB, side-stepping G6, low tuck G7, plowing, skidding), and five techniques for steep terrain ski mountaineering. Classification occurs according to degrees of inclination of the terrain, speed ranges, whether the technique is propulsive or for downhill velocity control/turning, frequency of time applied, and literature references. Furthermore, techniques depend on snow conditions, friction, competition, training, wind, positioning within a race, the skier’s expertise, exhaustion level, acceleration, deceleration,etc.Results:Techniques can influence who wins races in cross-country skiing. Reasons for technique changes are provided, exemplified with technique changes through terrains with different inclines. Literature references are given for inclines and speeds for the various techniques.Conclusion:Essential for maturing skiers are the frequency and quality by which the six techniques for skate skiing, four techniques for classical skiing, and five techniques for both styles except mountaineering, are trained, when to use them, how and in which sequence they are introduced, and adequate supplementary training (e.g.crunches for double poling DP). A research program is sketched.

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46

Graeff, Billy, and Marco Paulo Stigger. "“O segredo do sucesso”: apontamentos sobre a trajetória social de skatistas profissionais." Movimento (ESEFID/UFRGS) 15, no. 3 (May 27, 2009): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.6861.

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Este artigo aponta, a partir de casos concretos, elementos acerca da trajetória social de skatistas que lograram estar no sub - universo dos patrocínios. Em se tratando de skate, isso significa praticamente a única possibilidade de profissionalização. São considerados detalhes da constituição e do funcionamento do campo do skate em sua totalidade e da vida dos informantes, de seu caminho para incorporar disposições e capitais válidos no contexto do skate. Os dados utilizados são provenientes de técnicas de pesquisa como a entrevista semi-estruturada, a observação participante e a coleta de documentos.

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47

Barreto, Adriano Albuquerque, Solange Moraes Barros, and Constantino Ribeiro Oliveira Junior. "Gosto musical e hexis corporal: a questão do estilo na prática do skate de rua em Ponta Grossa-PR." Motrivivência 29, no. 50 (April 26, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2017v29n50p50.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2017v29n50p50Nosso trabalho é uma análise da estética musical incorporada por um grupo de skatistas e sua relação com do estilo de skate desenvolvido pelos praticantes. A hexis corporal na prática do skate de rua, em nosso espaço de investigação, se mostrou associada com o gosto musical do grupo em questão. Deste modo, nosso propósito foi evidenciar essas referências musicais e seu impacto na formação do estilo do skate praticado. Nossa experiência antropológica com os skatistas e o referencial teórico inspirado pela leitura dos trabalhos de Bourdieu sobre estética musical e a hexis corporal foram nossas fontes de pesquisa. Partindo de uma breve história da skatemusic e da exposição dos skatistas sobre a influência do estilo musical no estilo da prática do skate, exploramos o habitus destes enquanto interdependências dos grupos e parte de um charme ou carisma na conformação dos skaters.

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48

Yu, Dongke, Han Zhang, Daniel A. Lionarons, James L. Boyer, and Shi-Ying Cai. "Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP/SLC10A1) ortholog in the marine skate Leucoraja erinacea is not a physiological bile salt transporter." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): R477—R484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00302.2016.

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The Na+-dependent taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP/SLC10A1) is a hepatocyte-specific solute carrier, which plays an important role in maintaining bile salt homeostasis in mammals. The absence of a hepatic Na+-dependent bile salt transport system in marine skate and rainbow trout raises a question regarding the function of the Slc10a1 gene in these species. Here, we have characterized the Slc10a1 gene in the marine skate, Leucoraja erinacea. The transcript of skate Slc10a1 (skSlc10a1) encodes 319 amino acids and shares 46% identity to human NTCP (hNTCP) with similar topology to mammalian NTCP. SkSlc10a1 mRNA was mostly confined to the brain and testes with minimal expression in the liver. An FXR-bile salt reporter assay indicated that skSlc10a1 transported taurocholic acid (TCA) and scymnol sulfate, but not as effectively as hNTCP. An [3H]TCA uptake assay revealed that skSlc10a1 functioned as a Na+-dependent transporter, but with low affinity for TCA ( Km = 92.4 µM) and scymnol sulfate ( Ki = 31 µM), compared with hNTCP (TCA, Km = 5.4 µM; Scymnol sulfate, Ki = 3.5 µM). In contrast, the bile salt concentration in skate plasma was 2 µM, similar to levels seen in mammals. Interestingly, skSlc10a1 demonstrated transport activity for the neurosteroids dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and estrone-3-sulfate at physiological concentration, similar to hNTCP. Together, our findings indicate that skSlc10a1 is not a physiological bile salt transporter, providing a molecular explanation for the absence of a hepatic Na+-dependent bile salt uptake system in skate. We speculate that Slc10a1 is a neurosteroid transporter in skate that gained its substrate specificity for bile salts later in vertebrate evolution.

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49

Alvarado Bremer, J. R., M. G. Frisk, T. J. Miller, J. Turner, J. Vinas, and K. Kwil. "Genetic identification of cryptic juveniles of little skate and winter skate." Journal of Fish Biology 66, no. 4 (April 2005): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00664.x.

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50

Cai, Shi-Ying, Lin Wang, Nazzareno Ballatori, and James L. Boyer. "Bile salt export pump is highly conserved during vertebrate evolution and its expression is inhibited by PFIC type II mutations." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): G316—G322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.2.g316.

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Bile secretion is a fundamental function of the liver of all vertebrates and is generated by ATP-dependent transport proteins at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, particularly by the bile salt export pump BSEP. To determine the evolutionary origin and structure-function relationship of this transport mechanism, a liver cDNA library from the marine skate Raja erinacea, a 200 million-year-old vertebrate, was screened for BSEP orthologues. A full-length clone was isolated that encodes for 1,348 amino acids and shares 68.5% identity to human BSEP. Northern blot analysis revealed a 5-kb transcript only in skate liver. Expression of skate Bsep in Sf9 cells demonstrated a sixfold stimulation of ATP-dependent taurocholate transport compared with controls, with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 15 μM, which is comparable to rat Bsep. Sequences at the site of published mutations in human BSEP are also conserved in skate Bsep. When two of these mutations were introduced into the skate Bsep cDNA, this resulted in defective expression of the mutant proteins in Sf9 cells. These studies demonstrate that Bsep is a liver-specific ATP-dependent export pump that is highly conserved throughout evolution and provide insights into critical determinants for the function of this transporter in higher vertebrates.

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