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Journal articles on the topic 'Skarifikace'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lindi Djawa, Barnadus Nggahu, Ni Luh Arpiwi, and Sang Ketut Sudirga. "Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.), Air Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.), Dan Metode Skarifikasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Cendana (Santalum album L.)." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 1 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2020.v07.i01.p09.

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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bawang merah, air kelapa dan skarifikasi terhadap pertumbuhan cendana. Manfaat dari penilitian ini untuk menjawab permasalahan pembudidyaan tanaman cendana di Pulau Sumba. Penelitian ini mengunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan pada masing-masing unit percobaan. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini persentase bibit tumbuh, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, dan lebar daun. Analisis data mengunakan ANOVA dengan taraf uji 5% bila terdapat beda nyata pada salah satu faktor dilanjutkan dengan

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2

Hartawan, Rudi. "SKARIFIKASI dan KNO3 MEMATAHKAN DORMANSI SERTA MENINGKATKAN VIABILITAS dan VIGOR BENIH AREN (Arenga pinnata Merr.)." Jurnal Media Pertanian 1, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v1i1.10.

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AbtractSugar palm seed naturally have quite a long dormancy, vary from 6-12 months. It couse by strong seed cover and impermeable so that inhibits water imbibitions. The experiment aim to determine the combine of position of scarification and the best KNO3 concentration to support the germination capacity and its speed of sugar palm seed germination. The parameters measurement were take place in Basic laboratory, Batanghari University began on 25 August 2013 up to April 10, 2014. Experiment used factorial complete randomize design. The first factor is the scarification position ie; without sca

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3

Hamzah, Muhammad. "PENGARUH BERBAGAI METODE PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BIJI TERHADAP DAYA KECAMBAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 5, no. 1 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v5i1.187.

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Mucuna bracteata merupakan tanaman merambat dengan pertumbuhan vegetatif yang sangat cepat karena memiliki sistem perakaran yang dalam, namun permasalahan dalam proses pembibitan tanaman ini adalah pematahan dormansi biji. Mucuna memiliki kulit biji yang tebal, keras dan kedap yang menjadi penghalang mekanis masuknya air atau gas sehingga proses imbibisi sulit terjadi. Pematahan dormansi pada biji Mucuna bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya kecambah serta mengevaluasi pertumbuhan vegetatif awal di pembibitan. Penelitian dilakukan di areal pembibitan PT. PSG jalan Kubang Raya, Kab. Kampar-Riau pad

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Anggoro, Tri, Elfi Yenny Yusuf, and Nursida Nursida. "PENGARUH TEKNIK SKARIFIKASI BENIH KARET (Hevea brassilliensis Muell. Arg.) TERHADAP MASA DORMANSI DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN DI PEMBIBITAN." JURNAL AGRO INDRAGIRI 2, no. 02 (2017): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/jai.v2i02.613.

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Benih karet adalah benih yang memiliki kulit atau cangkang yang keras, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk berkecambah). Untuk itu perlu dilakukan perlakuan khusus agar dapat mematahkan dormansi benih karet, agar benih karet mudah dan cepat berkecambah. Usaha untuk mematahkan masa dormansi ini dapat dilakukan dengan proses skarifikasi. Perlakuan mekanis pada kulit biji yang keras dapat dilakukan dengan cara penusukan, penggoresan, pemecahan, pengikiran atau pembakaran. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2013 sampai dengan September 2013 yang bertempat di Kelurahan Tembila

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5

Charomaini, M., and Nana Kusumatuti W. "SKARIFIKASI BENIH DAN PENGGUNAAN ATONIK DALAM PENINGKATAN PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI BALSA." Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman 2, no. 2 (2005): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpht.2005.2.2.80-87.

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6

Ali, Achmad Valliant, Amir Syarifuddin, and Joko Triwanto. "Pengaruh Skarifikasi dan Komposisi Media terhadap Perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan Semai Trembesi (Samanea saman. Jacq)." Journal of Forest Science Avicennia 3, no. 2 (2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/avicennia.v3i2.9349.

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Pohon trembesi (Samanea saman. Jacq) tanaman yang mampu menyerap CO2 sangat tinggi, penyerapan air tanah yang baik dan mampu menurunkan konsentrasi gas secara efektif, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai tanaman penghijauan. Menurut Dahlan, 2010. “Pohon trembesi memiliki daya serap gas CO2 sangat tinggi. Satu batang pohon trembesi mampu menyerap 28,488 Kg gas CO2 setiap tahun dengan diameter tajuk 15 meter. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah RAK, Faktorial, dimana Faktor I : Perlakuan perendaman benih terdiri tiga level. Faktor II : Komposisi media terdiri tiga level, masing-masing diu

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7

Matković, Ana, Željko Jukić, Snježana Kereša, and Klaudija Carović Stanko. "Utjecaj topline i mehaničke skarifikacije na skraćivanje dormantnosti odabrnih sorata ječma." Agronomski glasnik 79, no. 5-6 (2018): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/ag.79.5-6.1.

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Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj tretmana zagrijanim zrakom i mehaničke skarifikacije na dormantnost sjemena odabranih dormantnih sorata ječma (Bc Vedran i Favorit) proizvedenog u dvije vegetacijske sezone (2015. i 2016. godina). U prvom pokusu sjeme dormantnih sorata tretirano je zagrijanim zrakom temperature 45°C tijekom 15 minuta i 30 minuta. Prvo utvrđivanje klijavosti u navedenim tretmanima započelo je 2. tjedna nakon žetve te se kasnije provodilo svakih 7 dana narednih 9 tjedana. U drugom pokusu sjeme dormantnih sorata ječma je tretirano mehaničkom skarifikacijom (ukolonjene su plj

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8

Muhtarudin dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya, Cindy Yurike Aprilia, Liman,. "PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SKARIFIKASI TERHADAP DAYA KECAMBAH TANAMAN SAGA POHON (Adenanthera pavonina L.)." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) 4, no. 1 (2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2020.4.1.27-34.

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This research aimed to investigate the effect of various scarification treatments on the germination of tree saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were P0 (control), P1 (soaked using distilled water for 24 hours), P2 (soaked using hot water 60 °C for 15 minutes), P3 (sanded skin), P4 (soaked using 1% H2SO4 for 30 minutes), and P5 (soaked using goat urine for 30 minutes). The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued with the Least Significant Differenc

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9

Aoetpah, Aholiab, Jacobus OEmatan, and Agustinus Semang. "UJI DAYA KECAMBAH LEGUM DESMANTHUS DENGAN SKARIFIKASI AIR PANAS PADA LAMA PERENDAMAN BERBEDA." PARTNER 24, no. 2 (2019): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.35726/jp.v24i2.355.

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Febriyan, Dwi Gery, and Eny Widajati. "Pengaruh Teknik Skarifikasi Fisik dan Media Perkecambahan terhadap Daya Berkecambah Benih Pala (Myristica fragrans)." Buletin Agrohorti 3, no. 1 (2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.3.1.71-78.

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<em>The objective of this experiment is studying the effect of physical scarification of nutmeg seed coat and germination media to accelerating germination rate and enhancing nutmeg seed viability. This experiment was conducted in December 2013 until May 2014 at Leuwikopo Experimental Field’s green house and Seed Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. This experiment was using factorial randomize complete block design with 3 replications. The first factor was physical scarification on the seed coat with three levels: wit

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Febriyan, Dwi Gery, and Eny Widajati. "Pengaruh Teknik Skarifikasi Fisik dan Media Perkecambahan terhadap Daya Berkecambah Benih Pala (Myristica fragrans)." Buletin Agrohorti 3, no. 1 (2015): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v3i1.14829.

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The objective of this experiment is studying the effect of physical scarification of nutmeg seed coat and germination media to accelerating germination rate and enhancing nutmeg seed viability. This experiment was conducted in December 2013 until May 2014 at Leuwikopo Experimental Field’s green house and Seed Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. This experiment was using factorial randomize complete block design with 3 replications. The first factor was physical scarification on the seed coat with three levels: without scari

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12

Luksi Indria Sandi, Anita, Indriyanto ., and Duryat . "Ukuran Benih Dan Skarifikasi Dengan Air Panas Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Pohon Kuku (Pericopsis Mooniana)." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 2, no. 3 (2014): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3283-92.

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Nedun tree (Pericopsis mooniana) is one of commercial trees. The propagation of nedun tree generatively has an obstacle due to it’s dormant character and the variety of seeds weight and the both factors are suspected influence the germanitaion. This research aimed to determine effect of seed weight for nedun seed germination and the best of seeds weight for nedun seed germination; the effect of soaking in hot water at beginning temperature 80˚C by different soaking period on germination, and the best effect of soaking in hot water at beginning temperature of 80˚C by different soaking period on

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13

Mewangi, Jawa Arum, Tatiek Kartika Suharsi, and Memen Surahman. "Uji Daya Berkecambah Pada Benih Turi Putih (Sesbania grandiflora L.)." Buletin Agrohorti 7, no. 2 (2019): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.7.2.130-137.

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Turi merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki banyak manfaat namun keberadaannya semakin terbatas. Pengembangan tanaman turi harus dimulai dengan pengadaan benih yang bermutu tinggi. Uji daya berkecambah adalah salah satu pengujian yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi benih. Prosedur pengujian daya berkecambah benih turi belum banyak diketahui seperti metode pematahan dormansi, substrat perkecambahan yang efektif, serta first count dan final count sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih IPB pada bulan MeiSe

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14

Putra, Sunjaya, Sumadi Sumadi, and Anne Nuraini. "Skarifikasi Benih Makadamia (Macadamia Integrifolia Maiden & Betche) Menggunakan Suhu Perendaman dan Pengeringan Secara Bergilir." Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar 6, no. 2 (2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jtidp.v6n2.2019.p79-88.

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<em>Macadamia can be propagated using seeds. However, the seed is difficult to germinate due to shell hardness. This study aimed to determine the proper combination of seed scarification needed to break the seed coat using rotational soaking and drying at varied temperatures. The experiment was conducted at Manoko Experimental Station and BPTP of West Java from December 2018 to April 2019, used a Randomized Complete Block Design in 15 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: (1) water soak (WS) 24<sup>o</sup>C+drying 35<sup>o</sup>C; (2) WS 35<sup&gt

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15

Elfianis, Rita, Siti Hartina, Indah Permanasari, and Jully Handoko. "PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI DAN HORMON GIBERELIN (GA3) TERHADAP DAYA KECAMBAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT PALEM PUTRI (Veitchia merillii)." Jurnal Agroteknologi 10, no. 1 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/ja.v10i1.7306.

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Christmas palm is a plant that has high economic value as an ornamental plant and is in great demand. Christmas palm seeds begin to germinate 3-4 weeks after planting, slow germination because of to seeds experiencing physical dormancy. To break dormancy can be done by scarification and immersion GA3. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of scarification and GA3 on the germination and growth of christmas palm seedlings and the interaction between the two treatments. This research was carried out from December 2017 to March 2018 on experimental Field and Agronomy Laboratory Fac

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16

Romdyah, Neneng Laila, Indriyanto Indriyanto, and Duryat Duryat. "Skarifikasi dengan Perendaman Air Panas dan Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih Saga (Adenanthera pavonina L.)." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 5, no. 3 (2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl3558-65.

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Saga (Adenanthera pavonina) has an orthodox seeds, that could be stored up to 8 months. The seeds have a hard structure, which was covered by wax on the seeds coat. The research aims was to determine the effect of scarification by immersion the seed in to hot water, with initial temperature of 100oC continued by immertion to young coconut water, that gives the best effect on germination, average days to germinate, and the germinating power of saga seeds. This research was conducted at Greenhouse in Integrated Field Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, University of Lampung, on May 2016. Randomize

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Gau, Muh Rajabatari, Khaerani Kiramang, and Muhammad Nur Hidayat. "Pengaruh Lama Waktu Skarifikasi Terhadap Perkacambahan Biji Lamtoro Menggunakan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Isi Rumen Sapi." Jurnal Ilmu dan Industri Peternakan (Journal of Animal Husbandry Science and Industry) 4, no. 2 (2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jiip.v4i2.9836.

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Nur, Holil Pathan, Agung Kusuma Wijaya, Liman Liman, and Muhtarudin Muhtarudin. "PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN URIN KAMBING PADA BIJI GAMAL (Gliricida sepium) DENGAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN BERBEDA TERHADAP KUALITAS BENIH." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2021.5.1.1-7.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of scarification using goat urine with different soaking time on the quality of gamal seeds (Gliricidia sepium) and determine the best scarification treatment that produces normal sprouts and the best sprouts. This research was conducted in January 2020, located in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This study used an experimental method using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments (control or without soaking, seed soaking for 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours) and 6 r

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Romdyah, Neneng Laila, Melya Riniarti, Ceng Asmarahman, and Slamet Budi Yuwono. "Skarifikasi Awal Dan Penambahan Beberapa Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Untuk Percepatan Perkecambahan Benih Kayu Kuku (Pericopsis moonianna Thw)." EnviroScienteae 16, no. 2 (2020): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v16i2.9661.

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Scarification was the destruction of the seed coat to softening seed coat and became permeable to water and gas. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best scarification techniques, types of growth regulatory substances and the combination of scarification treatments and addition of growth regulatory substances to accelerate the germination of Pericopsis mooniana seeds. The study was conducted using factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was the scarification technique, with hot water, and broken the seed skin. The second factor was the addition of gr

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20

Saraf, Dragan, Monika Vidak, Martina Grdiša, and Klaudija Carović-Stanko. "Klijanje i dormantnost kod mahunarki." Agronomski glasnik 79, no. 1-2 (2017): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/ag.79.1-2.4.

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Mahunarke su glavni izvor biljnih bjelančevina u svijetu stoga zauzimaju važnu ulogu u prehrani ljudi i hranidbi životinja. U Hrvatskoj se zrnate mahunarke pretežno uzgajaju na obiteljskim gospodarstvima na malim površinama. Za ljudsku prehranu najviše se uzgajaju grah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), grašak (Pisum sativum L.) i soja (Glycine max L. Merr.), a u manjoj mjeri bob (Vicia faba L.), slanutak (Cicer arietinum L.), leća (Lens culinaris Medik.), sjekirica (Lathyrus sativus L.), lupina (Lupinus spp.) i crnookica (Vigna unguiculata L.). Najvažnije krmne mahunarke su lucerna (Medicago sativa L.)

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21

Saputra, Bayu, Tri Kurniastuti, and Palupi Puspitorini. "Pengaruh Kombinasi Skarifikasi Dan Perendaman Auksin Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Dan Pertumbuhan Awal Semangka Non Biji (Citrulus Vulgaris Schard L)." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 11, no. 2 (2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v11i2.264.

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Watermelon cultivation has problems of seed germination. Seeds of watermelon that immediately sowing will slow in germinating, not even germinate at all. This is caused by the dormancy period of seeds, which is wrapped in seed institutions by the skin layer. Currently there has been considerable effort to improve seed viability, one using scarification techniques and soaking treatment of growth regulators. Based on the description above, the research is conducted to find out the influence of seed cutting and the effect of the old Atonic immersion on seed viability and growth of watermelon seed

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Saputra, Bayu, Tri Kurniastuti, and Palupi Puspitorini. "Pengaruh Kombinasi Skarifikasi Dan Perendaman Auksin Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Dan Pertumbuhan Awal Semangka Non Biji (Citrulus Vulgaris Schard L)." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 11, no. 2 (2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/viabel.v11i2.264.

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Watermelon cultivation has problems of seed germination. Seeds of watermelon that immediately sowing will slow in germinating, not even germinate at all. This is caused by the dormancy period of seeds, which is wrapped in seed institutions by the skin layer. Currently there has been considerable effort to improve seed viability, one using scarification techniques and soaking treatment of growth regulators. Based on the description above, the research is conducted to find out the influence of seed cutting and the effect of the old Atonic immersion on seed viability and growth of watermelon seed

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23

Ismail, Ahmad Deni, and Duryat Duryat. "RESPON PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH KEMIRI SUNAN (Reutealis trisperma) TERHADAP SKARIFIKASI KIMIA DENGAN ASAM SULFAT (H2SO4) PADA BERBAGAI LAMA WAKTU PERENDAMAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 5, no. 1 (2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v5i1.57.

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The duration of submersion and the level of acid concentration which are the decisive factors to succed the chemical scarification. The duration of submersion should be adjusted to the level of seed skin thickness, the level of acid concentration and the type of acid used. This study aimed to analyze the inmersion effect of kemiri sunan seeds in sulfuric acid solution to break the seed dormancy and to get the most effective time of submersion in order to break the dormancy of kemiri sunan seed. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse for 2 months (62 days). The randomized complete desig

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24

Kurniawan, Hery. "Skarifikasi Benih Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr.) dengan Perlakuan yang Efektif dan Efisien (Scarification of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) Seed Using Effective and Efficient Treatments)." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Sumatrana 2, no. 1 (2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpks.2021.2.1.39-47.

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Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) is an important plant that has many benefits and economic value. Indonesian people in general have known the usefulness of this plant because of its many benefits, almost all parts of the palm plant can be utilized. Currently, its use still relies heavily on wild plants that grow in the forest. One of the obstacles that causes the cultivation of aren is less desirable is the problem of germination of the sugar palm seeds that have a long dormancy period that can reach up to 1 year. This study was aimed to find ways of scarification that are easy and inexpensiv

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Sampepana, Eldha, and Saibun Sitorus. "Identifikasi Komponen Senyawa Kimia Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Kromatografi Gas - Spektrometer Massa (GC-MS)." Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri 8, no. 16 (2016): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26578/jrti.v8i16.1560.

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Air Product, 2014, Cellulosic Biofuels (Pembakaran/Gasifikasi Lignin Hidrolisis). Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. http://www.airpro-ducts.co.id/industries/Energy/Bioenergy/Cellulosic-Biofuels/product-list/ com-bustiongasification-of-hydrolyis-lignin-cellulosic-biofuels.aspx?itemId =8F39-9214FA4A462FA14588FE4F 86D3C2, Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2014Alejandro R., L. Serranoa, A. Morala, A. Pereza dan L. Jimeneza, 2007, Bioresource Tehnology, 98 (3): 554-559.Andaka Ganjar, 2011, Hidrolisis Ampas Tebu Menjadi Furfural Dengan Katalisator Asam Sulfat, Jurnal Teknologi, Volume 4 Nomor 2, Desember 20

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Rusdy, Muhammad. "PENGARUH SKARIFIKASI BIJI DENGAN PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS, MEKANIK DAN ASAM TERHADAP KEMUNCULAN BIBIT DAN PERTUMBUHAN AWAL LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala)." Buletin Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak 14, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/bnmt.v14i1.10578.

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Pengaruh skarifikasi dengan air panas, mekanik dan asam terhadap kemunculan bibit dan pertumbuhan awal lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) diteliti. Hasil berbagai metoda skarifikasi biji menunjukkan bahwa semua metoda skarifikasi yang digunakan memperbaiki kemunculan dan pertumbuhan awal Lamtoro. Perendaman biji di dalam asam sulfat selama 20 dan 24 menit menghasilkan persentase kemunculan bibit, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, biomassa bahan kering tertinggi dan indeks kemunculan bibit terendah, disusul dengan skarifikasi mekanik dengan pemotongan biji pada bagian mikropil dan perlakuan air panas t

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Bachtiar, Budirman. "Pengaruh Skarifikasi Dan Pemberian Hormon Tumbuh Terhadap Perkecambahan Benih ArenArenga pinnataMerr. di Persemaian." Jurnal Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan 8, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jal.v8i16.2988.

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Pohon aren Arenga pinnata Merr. secara alami memiliki masa dormansi biji yang cukup lama, hal ini dikarenakan kulit benih dan endospermnya keras sehingga dilakukan pematahan dormansi melalui skarifikasi agar diperoleh hasil perkecambahan yang normal dan proses yang lebih cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara lama pemeraman dan skarifikasi terhadap perkecambahan benih aren. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dimana setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan terdiri atas 2 faktor yaitu perlakuan skarifik

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