Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Skateboarders'

The aim of this project is to design and craft sustainable fabrics according to slow fashion principles. Furthermore the intention is to develop these fabrics, to make them exciting and congenial for use as trouser fabric for skateboarders.

The main phenomena the thesis seeks to understand are resistance and space. The aims of the thesis are theoretical and empirical. Theoretically, the thesis examines different perspectives on resistance and space and draws on them to provide useful insights on the concepts. Empirically, it explores the experiences of skateboarders and graffiti writers in Manchester. The literature on graffiti writers and skateboarders often mentions 'resistance' in relation to the activities of the two groups. Such work, however, usually does not engage in a detailed, conceptual investigation of the concept and usually assumes rather than demonstrate how the use of the concept can be justified by reference to the day-to-day activities of the two groups (see for example Ferrell 1993, 1995, Borden 2001 and Flusty 2000). This thesis aims to fill this gap. The frrst chapter provides an introduction to the thesis. The second chapter explores perspectives on resistance. As the thesis progressed empirically, it became very pertinent to conceptually investigate the subject of space and this is the focus of the third chapter. The fourth chapter discusses the methodology and research design of the thesis. The necessity of demonstrating concretely what work the theoretical insights of the space chapter could do resulted in a fifth chapter on Manchester. In this chapter, Manchester as space and as the site of the empirical investigation of this thesis is explored. The sixth chapter presents themes that emerged from fieldwork with Manchester graffiti writers and skateboarders. The conclusion chapter draws together the main themes and arguments of the thesis. One of the main arguments of the thesis is that Manchester, the site of the empirical interests of the study, can be seen as a space over which diverse groups struggle. This struggle, it is argued, is brought about by the divergent interests and visions of different groups in the city. These groups are seen as all attempting in various ways to bring about spatial realities that accord with their interests. In this multiple enactment of spatial realities some social actors have greater resources at their disposal to bring to pass their interests in Manchester as space. These are 'the powerful'. There are other 'producers of space' - the weak or the 'less powerful' - these have relatively marginal resources in appropriating Manchester's spaces. The thesis argues that skateboarders and graffiti writers fall into this category. When their interests and visions in Manchester fall foul of the interests of more powerful groups,conflict, the thesis shows, ensues. It is in this conflict in definitions of Manchester as a resource for the enactment of interests that we find the skateboarder's and graffiti writer's resistance. The skateboarder and graffiti writer finds that to play in the city can bring him/her in conflict with the law. Subcultural members find out in the course of playing in the city that their activities are defined differendy by more powerful groups. What seems to be merely play turns out to be defined as crime and 'anti-social behaviour' by groups with the backing of the law. By insisting on engaging in what may be described as 'dissident play', members set themselves in opposition and resistance to certain aspects of the governance of space in the city. The thesis also brings to prominence theoretical insights that can be found in the literature on resistance and space and provides ways of approaching the subjects that may prove useful for future work in the areas.

In recent years research and planning efforts to enhance the conditions and opportunities for active transportation modes have increased significantly; however, these efforts have primarily focused on pedestrians and bicyclists. Skateboarding and other alternative modes of mobility remain an untapped potential for healthy and sustainable travel. This research addresses numerous knowledge gaps in the literature on utilitarian skateboarding under the larger umbrella of active transportation. Analysis of online survey results and semi-structured interviews with skateboarders in Portland, OR provides insight into the motivations and barriers of traveling by skateboard and the demographics and perceptions of skateboard commuters. Like bicyclists and pedestrians, skateboarders value safe, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasing places to travel and are sensitive to surface conditions, distance, and slope. These similarities present a unique opportunity for cities to create facilities that accommodate diverse users. Disaggregating results by the respondents' gender, skill level, and frequency of transportation-oriented skateboarding highlights significant differences in levels of perceived safety and the practicality of utilitarian skateboarding. The findings have implications for the future of active transportation planning which support Elaine Stratford's vision of "generous geographies that allow for more, and playful, mobilities in the city."

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Schools hope that skateboarders follow the instituted rules. The skateboarders adopt a life style where the body is free to express/move under skating practice. Then comes this tense relationship between educational institutions and the young skateboarders. The educational rules may represent biopolitic estructures that act under the younger’s bodies. In this hard situation, we realise that schools and skateboarders influence each other dialectically. For the belief that schools need to rethink their pedagogical relationship about skateboarders, they went established as object of analysis. The adopted theme of this study – in the research area Education, Society and Culture, of the Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program, in Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás – is: The skateboarders’s relationship with his bodies at school. As a guiding question, it pretends to answer the following problem: How do young skateboarders give meaning to his bodies’s apropiation at school? In general, it was reflected about how young skateboarders give meaning to his bodies’s apropriation at school. And especifically 1) it checks how the young skateboarders’s bodies has been discuted in the academic space; 2) it analyzes the young skateboarders’s bodies while social dimension that’s historical built in streets, skate lanes and schools; and 3) it’s under study how the young skateboarders realise his own bodies at school. The target public of this study are skateboarders from 15 to 29 years old, high-school students. It was needed to understand how much they knew about this theme and make all the bibliographical search. Field research was needed to discover the target public, who was 7 young guys, being 3 from female sex and 4 from male sex. All the information was colected throught mixed questionaires and half structured interview. The information were interpreted throught qualitative reference. Among used authors, it’s needed to mencionate Adorno and Horkheimer (1985); Bourdieu (1998); Foucault (2004); Marcuse (1981a); and Marx and Engels (2001). It’s beliavable that throught this study it can find many other views that contributes for the school to reflect about young skateboarders bodies’s education in front of emancipation.
As escolas esperam que os skatistas obedeçam às regras instituídas. Os skatistas adotam forma de vida onde o corpo é livre para se expressar/movimentar mediante a prática do skate. Daí surge tensa relação entre as instituições de ensino e os jovens skatistas. As regras educacionais podem representar estruturas biopolíticas que incidem sobre os corpos da juventude. Nesta conflitante relação vê-se que escolas e skatistas se influenciam dialeticamente. Pelo fato de acreditar que as escolas precisam repensar sua relação pedagógica com os skatistas é que se estabeleceu o corpo destes como objeto de pesquisa. O tema adotado no estudo – inserido na linha de pesquisa Educação, Sociedade e Cultura, do Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás – foi: A relação dos jovens skatistas com o corpo na escola. Como questão norteadora pretendeu-se responder ao seguinte problema: Como os jovens skatistas dão sentido a apropriação de seus corpos na escola? De forma geral refletiu-se a respeito de como os jovens skatistas dão sentido a apropriação de seus corpos na escola. E especificamente 1) verificou-se como o corpo dos jovens skatistas vem sendo discutido no cenário acadêmico; 2) analisou-se o corpo dos jovens skatistas enquanto dimensão social que se constrói historicamente na rua, pista de skate e escola; e 3) investigou-se como os jovens skatistas percebem os seus corpos na escola. O público do estudo foram skatistas, de 15 a 29 anos, estudantes do ensino médio. Realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e o estado do conhecimento do objeto. Recorreu-se à pesquisa de campo para descobrir o público do estudo, sendo 7 jovens das quais 3 foram do sexo feminino e 4 do masculino. Coletaram-se os dados através de questionários mistos e entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram interpretados pelo referencial qualitativo. Dentre os autores utilizados citam-se Adorno e Horkheimer (1985); Bourdieu (1998); Foucault (2004); Marcuse (1981a); e Marx e Engels (2001). Acreditase que pela pesquisa contemplam-se perspectivas que contribuam para que as escolas reflitam criticamente acerca da educação do corpo dos jovens skatistas rumo à emancipação.

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The Skate Plazas emerge in the early 2000s as a possible model to build skating rinks. This model came with a view to building ever more like the places that are on city streets. Until then beyond the most common obstacles found on the streets, as the boxes, rails and stairs, ramps were part of the tracks that were being built. On newer models Skate Plaza with less intensity we see this type of obstacle. Today, construction of Skate Plazas, if favor boxes, stairs, gaps and rails. We understand that modality street skate past decade has undergone transformations regarding the techniques and even with respect to the identity construction of the street skater. Thus, in Ponta Grossa, some skaters linked the 80 and 90 still have the ramps as a fundamental obstacle to the practice of street skating, while others say follow the trend Skate Plaza. The construction of a small Skate Plaza in 2011 in Complex Environmental Governor Manoel Ribas ended up creating an uncomfortable situation for skaters of Ponta Grossa. The trend assumed in the construction of barriers not just pleasing some skateboarders who still understand the ramps as a major obstacle to the practice of skateboarding. Therefore, we have to analyze the arguments of these two groups of skaters, skateboarders emphasizing the action of identifying themselves with the Skate Plazas, since the works were based on the opinions of this group skaters. To obtain the data, and participant observation, interviews were open from which we sought to understand the position tken by skateboarders regarding Skate Plaza built. The observations and interviews were conducted in the month of September of the year 2011 and the month of January 2012. Based on the theoretical framework of Norbert Elias and based on information published by magazines and videos specializing in themed skateboard, we intend to explore the nterrelationships and interdependencies of the skate spot that eventually characterize the space with the Skate Plaza and further investigate the implications of this public work for the group of skater site.
As Skate Plazas surgem no início dos anos 2000 como um modelo possível na construção de pistas de skate. Este modelo surgiu na perspectiva de uma construção cada vez mais semelhante dos lugares que se encontram nas ruas das cidades. Até então além dos obstáculos mais comuns encontrados nas ruas, como os caixotes, os trilhos e as escadas, as rampas faziam parte das pistas que vinham sendo construídas. Nos modelos mais recentes de Skate Plaza vemos com menor intensidade a este tipo de obstáculo. Hoje, na construção das Skate Plazas, se privilegiam caixotes, escadas, gaps e trilhos. Temos entendido que a modalidade street skate nestes últimos dez anos vem sofrendo transformações com relação as técnicas e mesmo com relação a construção da identidade do skatista de rua. Neste sentido, em Ponta Grossa, alguns skatistas ligados às décadas de 80 e 90 ainda tem as rampas como um obstáculo fundamental para a prática do skate de rua, enquanto outros, dizem acompanhar a tendência Skate Plaza. A construção de uma pequena Skate Plaza no ano de 2011 no Complexo Ambiental Governador Manoel Ribas acabou criando uma situação desconfortável aos skatistas de Ponta Grossa. A tendência assumida na construção dos obstáculos acabou não agradando alguns skatistas que ainda entendem as rampas como obstáculo fundamental para a prática do skate. Sendo assim, tem-se por objetivo analisar a argumentação destes dois grupos de skatistas, enfatizando a atuação dos skatistas que se identificam com as Skate Plazas, visto que as obras se pautaram nas opiniões deste grupo skatistas. Para a obtenção dos dados, além da observação participante, foram utilizadas entrevistas abertas a partir das quais se procurou entender a posição assumida pelos skatistas com relação a Skate Plaza construída. As observações e entrevistas As Skate Plazas surgem no início dos anos 2000 como um modelo possível na construção de pistas de skate. Este modelo surgiu na perspectiva de uma construção cada vez mais semelhante dos lugares que se encontram nas ruas das cidades. Até então além dos obstáculos mais comuns encontrados nas ruas, como os caixotes, os trilhos e as escadas, as rampas faziam parte das pistas que vinham sendo construídas. Nos modelos mais recentes de Skate Plaza vemos com menor intensidade a este tipo de obstáculo. Hoje, na construção das Skate Plazas, se privilegiam caixotes, escadas, gaps e trilhos. Temos entendido que a modalidade street skate nestes últimos dez anos vem sofrendo transformações com relação as técnicas e mesmo com relação a construção da identidade do skatista de rua. Neste sentido, em Ponta Grossa, alguns skatistas ligados às décadas de 80 e 90 ainda tem as rampas como um obstáculo fundamental para a prática do skate de rua, enquanto outros, dizem acompanhar a tendência Skate Plaza. A construção de uma pequena Skate Plaza no ano de 2011 no Complexo Ambiental Governador Manoel Ribas acabou criando uma situação desconfortável aos skatistas de Ponta Grossa. A tendência assumida na construção dos obstáculos acabou não agradando alguns skatistas que ainda entendem as rampas como obstáculo fundamental para a prática do skate. Sendo assim, tem-se por objetivo analisar a argumentação destes dois grupos de skatistas, enfatizando a atuação dos skatistas que se identificam com as Skate Plazas, visto que as obras se pautaram nas opiniões deste grupo skatistas. Para a obtenção dos dados, além da observação participante, foram utilizadas entrevistas abertas a partir das quais se procurou entender a posição assumida pelos skatistas com relação a Skate Plaza construída. As observações e entrevistas foram realizadas entre o mês de setembro do ano de 2011 e o mês de janeiro do ano de 2012. Com base no referencial teórico de Norbert Elias e com base em informações veiculadas por revistas e vídeos especializados na temática skate, pretende-se explorar as interpenetrações e interdependências do skate local que acabaram por caracterizar o espaço com a Skate Plaza e ainda investigar as implicações desta obra pública para o grupo de skatista local. Palavras Chave: skate, skate plazas, skatistas, grupos. foram realizadas entre o mês de setembro do ano de 2011 e o mês de janeiro do ano de 2012. Com base no referencial teórico de Norbert Elias e com base em informações veiculadas por revistas e vídeos especializados na temática skate, pretende-se explorar as interpenetrações e interdependências do skate local que acabaram por caracterizar o espaço com a Skate Plaza e ainda investigar as implicações desta obra pública para o grupo de skatista local.

Na presente pesquisa trato inicialmente a diversas abordagens teóricas que contribuem minimamente para delinear as temáticas sobre jovens e juventude, no lazer. Diante destas inúmeras possibilidades teóricas, procuro não advogar em prol de uma teoria, mas procuro compreender como estas auxiliam-me a dar os contornos do debate, já que, que também não encontro um consenso entre os diversos estudos. Foco minha empreitada teórica nos jovens e como estes vivem seu cotidiano, trago elementos que discutem o lazer, família, educação e trabalho. A fim de atender aos questionamentos que elaboro, recorro à pesquisa etnográfica. Pesquisa esta que realizei com um grupo de jovens praticantes de skate (os “calças coladas”), na pista pública de skate do bairro IAPI na cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. Foram ao todo nove meses de observação direta, no qual relatei cada observação em Diários de Campo, totalizando 70 diários ao final do período. Com o intuito de cobrir as lacunas deixadas pela observação direta, recorri também a entrevistas semi-estruturadas. De posse desses materiais produzidos descrevi o contexto em três Capítulos subsequentes. A pista: o local onde ocorreu a pesquisa, no qual pude acompanhar os “calças coladas” e as disputas ocorridas na pista. Descrevo primeiramente os aspectos materiais da pista, e posteriormente os aspectos simbólicos, configurando assim, a pista. Na pista, ainda descrevo seu jogo e o movimento na pista, e as implicações destes aspectos simbólicos, a partir da perspectiva do grupo dos “calças coladas”. Este grupo que descrevo no Capítulo seguinte: Os “calças coladas” são um grupo predominantemente de jovens, mas ainda considero sua heterogeneidade. Procuro descrever a distinção que há entre os “calças coladas” e os “calças largas”, alguns destes últimos já foram descritos na pesquisa de Bastos (2006) quando acompanhou a trajetória de profissionalização de alguns skatistas, a forma pela qual estes passavam a viver do skate. Distinção entre esses grupos que se dava num primeiro olhar por suas vestimentas, mas que compreendi como muito mais complexas, para além de suas calças. Apesar da distinção e disputa com o outro, os “calças coladas” mesmo tendo seu skate praticado no lazer, não deixam de projetar suas expectativas no skate dos “calças largas”, ou seja, também projetavam viver do skate. Com isso os jovens “calças coladas” procuravam se manter no skate, uma das formas pela qual eles conseguiam foi pelo que chamavam de “apoio”, que era conferido em grande parte pela rede de relações que o grupo construiu na pista. Mas por vezes o “apoio” não era o suficiente para os jovens manter seus projetos, e tão pouco as aspirações de suas famílias. Com isso chego ao último Capítulo descritivo: Os “calças coladas”: as relações dos significados do skate com a família, educação e trabalho. No momento final procuro compreender como o lazer dos jovens que se dava pela prática do skate, se relacionava como outros aspectos de seu cotidiano. Os jovens necessitavam de conciliar as cobranças de suas famílias que recaiam sobre eles. Cobranças estas que também se encontravam no ambiente de trabalho, além das rotulações e estereótipos. Rotulações impostas “de fora”, algo que também acontecia na escola. Mas ao fim percebo que os jovens passam por tudo isso com o propósito de manterem seus projetos no skate.
In the present research I primarily deal with the diverse theoretical approaches that minimally contribute to delineate the thematic on youngsters and youth in leisure. Facing these countless theoretical possibilities, I try not to advocate for a theory, but to understand the way they help me outline this debate, since I cannot find a consensus among the numerous studies. I focus my theoretical task on the youngsters and the way they live their everyday, I bring elements that discuss leisure, family, education and work. In order to answer the questions I make, I resort to ethnographic research. I have performed this research with a group of youngsters practitioners of skateboarding (the “tight pants”), in the public skateboarding track of the IAPI district in the city of Porto Alegre- RS/Brazil. A total of nine months of direct observations were made, in which I reported every observation in the Field Diaries, totalizing 70 journals in the end of the period. In order to cover the gaps left by direct observation, I have also appealed to semi-structured interviews. With this produced material, I have described the context in three subsequent chapters. The track: the place where the research was performed, in which I could follow the “tight pants” and the disputes that took place in the track. I firstly describe the material aspects of the track, and then the symbolic aspects, therefore configurating the track. Also in the track I describe its game and the movement on the track, and the implications of these symbolic aspects from the perspective of the “tight pants” group. This group, which I describe in the following chapter: “The “tight pants” are a group with predominance of Young people, but I still consider its heterogeneity. I try to describe the distinction existent between the “tight pants” and the “loose pants”, some of which were already described on Bastos (2006) when He followed the professionalization path of some skateboarders, and the way these people started making a living from skateboard. The distinction between these groups was made, in a first look, bay their clothing, but I understood them as much more complex, beyond their pants. Despite the distinction and dispute with the other. The “tight pants”, even if they practiced their skateboarding in leisure time, also projected their expectations in skating on the “loose pants”, that is, they also projected making a living from skateboarding. With this, the Young “tight pants” sought to continue skateboarding, and one of the ways they managed to do that was through what they called “support”, which was given, in a great deal, through the relations that the group has built in the track. But many times the “support” was not enough for the youngsters to keep their projects, nor the aspirations of their families. With this, I get to the final descriptive chapters: The “tight pants”: the relations of the meanings of skateboarding with family, education and work. In the final moment I try to understand the way the leisure of these youngsters, which took place through the practice of skateboarding, relates to other aspects of their everyday. They needed to reconcile the demands of their families over them. These demands were also found in the work environment, as well as labels and stereotypes. This labeling were imposed from others, what also took place in the school. But, in the end, I perceive that the youngsters GO through all of this with the purpose of maintaining their skateboarding projects.

I tidigare studier har det uppmärksammats hinder i den fysiska miljön och i bemötandet för skateboard på allmänna platser. Det har även visats att skateboardparker verkar främja skateboardutövandet. Denna studie syftar därmed till att kartlägga hinder och förutsättningar för skateboard och undersöka hur skateboardparker påverkar den fysiska aktiviteten. Det är även av intresse att studera hur de sociala faktorerna påverkar skateboardutövande då tidigare forskning tyder på att det är ett viktigt inslag i skateboardutövandet. Som metod använder sig studien av en kvalitativ design. Sammanlagt genomfördes 12 individuella intervjuer. Resultatet i studien tyder på att de största problemen med skateboard på allmänna platser är dåligt underlag och bristen på attraktiva platser att utöva sporten på. Det är en vedertagen uppfattning att skateboardparker påverkar utövarnas fysiska aktivitet positivt då deltagarna uppskattar att de åker mer skateboard tillföljd av tillgången av skateboardanläggningar. Skateboardparken bidrar även med en mötesplats för skateboardutövare vilket leder till en ökad social dimension av utövandet och ökar glädjen och nöjet i aktiviteten. Slutligen anses det därmed att skateboardparken är en arena som ökar både den fysiska aktiviteten och den sociala interaktionen bland utövarna.

In this thesis, contemporary Native American images on skateboards that extend Native American art beyond such traditional crafts as beadworks and pottery are explored. The study reveals that Native American skateboard graphics express history, culture, and myths. Native American curriculum, Native American art, and Native American stereotyping in visual culture are critically examined. The purpose of the study is to provide additional Native American art and visual culture examples and methods for the development of Native American art curricula.

This thesis is concerned with the increasingly formalised provision of adventure recreation facilities via a mixed economy provision model. Utilising a figurational analysis based upon the work of Norbert Elias, the study highlights how such an analysis of the processes impacting upon the wide stakeholder environment of - ' providers, funding bodies and operational partners can assist in understanding the successes and failures of such provision. Through a case study analysis of a skatepark in Dundee, Scotland, the thesis charts the development of a civilising process within skateboarding as a recreational activity. This process is shown to emerge as a result of the development of a standardised approach to provision dominated by centrally supported 'arm's length' funding bodies, such as SportScotland which focuses upon instilling the activity with a series of behaviour codes and approaches, which contradict the anti-structural characteristics of the typical skateboarding participant: The thesis argues that this civilising process, inadvertently leads to the social exclusion of the original target community, who reject the formalised provision mechanism offered to them. As a result, the thesis concludes that the current provision model is both ineffective and inefficient in its work and requires re- consideration in order to meet the needs of emerging sports such as those within the adventure recreation realm.

I have considered how female skateboarders negotiate space and identity in a male-dominated subculture and question a society that is intent on perpetuating an attitude that subcultures are a domain for developing masculinity. Female skateboarders have always participated alongside the men, but it has been a constant struggle because their accomplishments are rarely encouraged by the skateboard media industry, and mainstream media representations reflect this practice. In recent years, girl skaters have taken it upon themselves to create their own visibility and develop networks of support by producing websites, videos, zines, and organizing "all-girls" skateboard competitions. As a result, a unique community of female skateboarders has been established. Female skateboarders come from a variety of backgrounds, and I focus upon the experiences of a group of women skateboarders from Montreal, Canada by conducting interviews and observing how the group has evolved. Despite the diverse and even contradictory responses, it is apparent that when female skateboarders actively participate in the subculture they are redefining traditional notions of femininity and assumptions regarding who should be valued as an "authentic" skateboarder. My thesis traces a history of women in skateboarding, describes their activities as cultural producers, and offers insider accounts, such as acts of resistance. I also make comparisons with the situation of sportswomen and challenge past subcultural research that limit the participation of girls to their relationships with male members. It was my goal to exhibit how women can adopt, share and innovate their subcultures' ideals.

碩士
國立清華大學
外國語文學系
90
In this thesis I take the skateboarding activity that has become popular among local adolescents since the late 1990s as point of departure, to explore how specific adolescents formed identities through constructing the skateboarder subject, by analyzing related documents, notes and interviews collected in field researches. First, by looking at skateboarding as an imported sport, I delineated the characteristics it has formed in its development in the US--such as the transformation of styles and its close connection with commercial mechanisms. Then I explore how these characteristics were appropriated or rejected when skateboarding was admitted into Taiwan. While being labeled as one of the ‘extreme sports’, skateboarding combined with teenage fashion and has become one of the few sports that facilitated the exhibition of personal style of teenagers. Its prevalence has been made possible through the local skateboard shops, and it has become one of the visible identical positions for local adolescents (Chapter two). Next I moved on to the practical experiences of local young skateboarders in becoming ‘someone who has been skateboarding,’ and find that the concrete practices to construct and label the skateboarder identity was completed through disciplining and displaying one’s own body while they were practicing the tricks, confronting the injuries and skateboarding in the public space, that is, a tough body that was identical to those of foreign skateboarders displayed in the mostly American imported skateboarding videos. The skateboarder identity that combines with such tough body also coincides with the strong male body that is highly valued in the ‘cocky’ value system in their daily practices, as the clue of the appealing of this identity to them (Chapter three). In the fourth part, I expended the process in constructing the skateboarder identity to the important living space for these young people--the skateboard shop--wherein the identity is further maintained and negotiated through the experiences that skateboarders have in cooperating with and resisting against the shopkeepers as well as other skateboarders in the space of skateboard shop. In such a space, penetrated by the logic of production, the skateboarder identity is re-presented under this mechanism, while at the same time, the skateboarders adopted the logic of personal loyalty to develop alternative ways to form identities that resist the mechanism operated by the logic of production (Chapter four). Lastly, I review the formation of skateboarder identity by situating the young skaters back to the society as a whole, as well as the thesis as a process of personal writing in Chapter Five.

Este projeto consiste na criação de uma marca de Skate e no desenvolvimento da sua linha de produtos inspirados na década de 60 e nos primórdios da prática de Skateboarding. Numa altura em que a prática de Skateboarding está tão avançada em termos de indústria e tecnologia, este projeto tem como principal objetivo trazer de volta as raízes do Skate que se foram perdendo ao longo do tempo. Uma prática limpa de estereótipos, com Skates artesanais e uma ligação muito forte entre a matéria-prima (madeira), o seu manuseamento e o seu uso para fins recreativos.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
93
Skateboard, a grass-roots sport on the street, has been in Taiwan for almost ten years. Three years ago, a succession of utopian spaces—extreme sport parks—have appeared and caught skateboarders’ attention. Because of that, there were suddenly fewer skateboarders on the street. The space in the park did make the skateboarders have different imaginations, but according to the researcher’s observation, the skateboarders went back to the street one after another. For the skateboard players, the space in the park was completely different from the space on the street. The park was built by the government for convenient practice. The differences of these two spaces didn’t mean opposites. On the contrary, we could observe the players’ attempt to complement these two spaces by traveling between one and the other. The texts used in this thesis are two representative spaces in Taipei City. One is Zhong Shan Extreme Sport Park; the other is Zhongshan Hall Square. The researcher participated in the sport and interviewed the skateboarders to observe their lifestyle in the spaces. The purpose was to clarify the skateboarders’ position to travel between spaces: They did so not only for mental complementary. Actually, the lifestyle in spaces was the spirit of skateboard. This thesis begins with the differences of the community ideologies in the two spaces. In French scholar, Henri Lefebvre’s(1901-1991) viewpoint, the thesis explains skateboarders’ lifestyle of floating between two spaces. With his brilliant theory--production of space--, Lefebvre explains the relationship between body and space: a relationship between “space as a symbol of knowledge and power” and “space giving people the imagination of body.” This thesis understands the world of skateboard from a prevailing point of view, explaining the reasons why specific adolescent community love skateboard. As for theory study, the researcher applies Lefebvre’s notion of production of space, in which Lefebvre highlights that the research on space cannot be free from the influence of politics and economics. Therefore, to discuss space, the researcher also applies M. Foucoult’s viewpoint of “heterotopia” as the basis. Though in two spaces, the skateboarders demonstrate themselves in similar ways, presenting the consistent process in which their bodies precept spaces. On the other hand, the development of spaces also portrays the skateboarders’ real lives. Furthermore, the skateboarders reappear on the street not only for identifying themselves but also for expressing their dissatisfaction with the present situation.

碩士
南臺科技大學
創新產品設計系
106
Ankle sprains cause problems such as lack of balance, loss of proprioception, fibularis longus muscle contraction response time delay, limited ankle angle, or decreased muscle strength. When the toes are plantar flexion, they are most likely to cause sprained ankles. However, the ollie have a posture of plantar flexion and varus on both feet in skateboarding, which indicates that the skateboarding continues the dangerous ankle movement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the ankle joint stability between the professional and amateur skateboarders and the muscle responses of the tibialis anterior, fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles. This study will recruit 16 professional skateboarders from the experimental group, and the control group will be 16 amateur skateboarders. Measuring the joint angle through a goniometer, Stability testing with the Biodex Balance System, and BioRadio with the tilt pedal to measure muscle reaction time. The results show that the professional skateboarders has a significantly smaller varus of the conventional foot than the amateur skateboarders, and the professional skateboarders has better joint control ability and safety in the skateboarding. The Biodex Balance System measurement results show that the balance of the professional conversion of the limits of the stability testing level 12 is significantly higher than the amateur skateboarders, the balance of the healthy professional skateboarders is significantly higher than the professional skateboarders with the old injury, amateur skateboarders also has the same result. There is no significant difference between the professional skater and the amateur skater in muscle reaction time. Healthy professional skaters are compared to professional skaters with old injuries., after taping patch comparison result peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscle and have a fast response of significant differences in dominant leg.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
設計研究所在職進修碩士班
98
Personalized products are getting more and more popular among your consumers thanks to change of consumer habits. Designers keep presenting new styles to show their ideas and stimulate shopping thanks to rapid digital development. Earlier digital composition focused on narrow graphic works in software operation and picture effects, ignoring the spirit and contents behind design. Personalized products emphasize win identification of consumers with visual symbols to stimulate shopping. This study aims at exploration presentation of digital pictures in personalized products and locating perceptions and thinking projects of composition from background and meaning of personalized products through visual symbols. From literature discussions, we first discuss definition, key elements and characteristics of digital pictures to define digital graphics. From literature on semiology and shopping culture, definition of visual symbols and shopping culture and theory are discussed. Integrative discussions are made on the relation between the two to understand principles and characteristics of symbol shopping, which helps understand time background, commercial behaviors and design history. We also explore the symbols and shopping culture from relation among secondary culture of adolescents, graffiti art and personalized products. From Chapter II, data on skateboards are collected and arranged to explore inspirational influence on development background, forms, functions and media characteristics of digital art. It is to understand that composition thoughts and layout of pictures of designers are affected by the time background, art and design trends. Analysis is made on influence and impacts on traditional design ideas to help transformation of new expression in combination of subjective mental image methods such as metaphor, symbolized meaning and transformation, etc. Composition themes and ideas are decided through symbols and shopping culture of skateboarders and adolescents to be applied in skateboard design, including product positioning, perception positioning and picture digitization presented in posters and actual products. Based on study and analysis from gradual composition, conclusions are given—design of personalized products to take symbol shopping of target groups, trends of secondary culture of adolescents in combination of adolescent personalized products and integration and use of different digital graphics and media as solutions for designers in composition.