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Geckle, Bethany. "Skateboarders’ Representations of Materiality: A Case Study of Rodney Mullen and Spike Jonze." Somatechnics 11, no. 3 (December 2021): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2021.0365.
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Physical activity is commonly conceived of in terms of its human involvement – as a test of, and testament to, human ability. However, physical activity does not exist without the contributions of countless non-human agencies, such as equipment and environments, with which the athletes work closely and form relationships. As such, athletes have a unique understanding of non-human agency. In this article I analyse the power of non-human agency in skateboarding through the representations of the professional skateboarder Rodney Mullen and filmmaker Spike Jonze. I examine their lectures, interviews, and films to show the ways in which skateboarders experience, practice, and represent the principles of actor-network theory (ANT). Skateboarders utilise and manipulate the often-unanticipated potential of non-human tools and urban landscapes and translate them into a collaborative result. Skateboarding is a trial-and-error experiment of testing, innovating, and adapting possibilities and limitations set by a network of mediators including people and ‘things’. Mullen and Jonze commonly depict skateboarding as the product of networks rather than independent human action. Their representations reveal how skateboarders perceive and act out their role as humans within networks alongside non-human agencies such as skateboards and obstacles, and which combine to produce skateboarding.
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Ab Rasid, Aina Munirah, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed, Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki, Mohamad Razali Abdullah, Mohd Azraai Mohd Razmaan, and Noor Azuan Abu Osman. "Physical fitness and motor ability parameters as predictors for skateboarding performance: A logistic regression modelling analysis." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): e0296467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296467.
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The identification and prediction of athletic talent are pivotal in the development of successful sporting careers. Traditional subjective assessment methods have proven unreliable due to their inherent subjectivity, prompting the rise of data-driven techniques favoured for their objectivity. This evolution in statistical analysis facilitates the extraction of pertinent athlete information, enabling the recognition of their potential for excellence in their respective sporting careers. In the current study, we applied a logistic regression-based machine learning pipeline (LR) to identify potential skateboarding athletes from a combination of fitness and motor skills performance variables. Forty-five skateboarders recruited from a variety of skateboarding parks were evaluated on various skateboarding tricks while their fitness and motor skills abilities that consist of stork stance test, dynamic balance, sit ups, plank test, standing broad jump, as well as vertical jump, were evaluated. The performances of the skateboarders were clustered and the LR model was developed to classify the classes of the skateboarders. The cluster analysis identified two groups of skateboarders: high and low potential skateboarders. The LR model achieved 90% of mean accuracy specifying excellent prediction of the skateboarder classes. Further sensitivity analysis revealed that static and dynamic balance, lower body strength, and endurance were the most important factors that contributed to the model’s performance. These factors are therefore essential for successful performance in skateboarding. The application of machine learning in talent prediction can greatly assist coaches and other relevant stakeholders in making informed decisions regarding athlete performance.
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Ou, Yang-Kun, Zhi-Wei Chen, and Chien-Nan Yeh. "Postural Control and Functional Ankle Stability in Professional and Amateur Skateboarders." Healthcare 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9081009.
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Basic maneuvers in skateboarding, such as the ollie, put the player at high risk for ankle injuries because of the position of the feet required to perform the maneuvers. This study investigated ankle stability and reaction time for the tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, and fibularis brevis in professional and amateur skateboarders. In total, 16 professional and 16 amateur skateboarders were recruited as participants and underwent range of motion assessments, balance testing, and muscle reaction time measurements. The results revealed that professional skateboarders had a significantly smaller inversion angle compared to amateur players, which suggested better joint control and hence greater safety in the former. Balance testing results indicated better balance in professional skateboarders, and healthy skateboarders had better balance than did injured professional and amateur skateboarders. No significant difference in muscle reaction time was observed between amateur and professional skateboarders.
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Rachmat, Nur, and Aji Putra. "THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF KNEE SUPPORT TO KNEE PAIN OF SKATEBOARD PLAYERS IN SINGARAJA BALI." Journal of Prosthetics Orthotics and Science Technology 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36082/jpost.v1i1.648.
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Background: Skateboarding is also an extreme sport and in Indonesia it is not very popular but has the potential to be liked by young people in Singaraja Bali. Due to the nature of skateboarding, including high speeds and extreme maneuvers, such as jumping from heights and performing extreme movements that can injure the joint bearing of the knee, injuries often occur when a skateboarder collides with an inanimate object, falling off the skateboard. Knee support is made of elastic material with medial and lateral supports made of metal. Elastic material that has the ability to stretch and return to its original state quickly so that it serves as a fixation on the knee that suffers from knee pain. With the fixation on the knee as well as support and stabilizer on the knee joint will relieve pain in patients with knee pain so it is expected to reduce pain. Method: The research design of the effect of the use of knee support to knee pain of skateboard players is a type of quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design with one group pre and posttest design. Data was collected in the Singaraja Bali sports hall in September - December 2020. Skateboarders' knee pain was measured using a VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) questionnaire. The population is 14 skateboarders who play at the Singaraja Bali sports hall. All respondents were sampled using the total sampling method. Result: There were 11 males and 3 females as respondents. Pre-test Knee pain VAS score before using knee support is average of 5.93 while the post test score after using knee support for two weeks is average of 2.14. Normality data using the Shapiro Wilk result is not normally distributed. The result of Wilcoxon is p value 0.001. P value is less than 0.05. So it can be concluded that the use of knee support has a significant effect in reducing knee pain in skateboarders. Conclusion: there is an effect of the use of knee support to knee pain of skateboard players. It is advisable for skateboarders to wear knee support when feeling pain while skateboarding.
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Shourov, Chowdhury Erfan, Mahasweta Sarkar, Arash Jahangiri, and Christopher Paolini. "Deep Learning Architectures for Skateboarder–Pedestrian Surrogate Safety Measures." Future Transportation 1, no. 2 (September 12, 2021): 387–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp1020022.
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Skateboarding as a method of transportation has become prevalent, which has increased the occurrence and likelihood of pedestrian–skateboarder collisions and near-collision scenarios in shared-use roadway areas. Collisions between pedestrians and skateboarders can result in significant injury. New approaches are needed to evaluate shared-use areas prone to hazardous pedestrian–skateboarder interactions, and perform real-time, in situ (e.g., on-device) predictions of pedestrian–skateboarder collisions as road conditions vary due to changes in land usage and construction. A mechanism called the Surrogate Safety Measures for skateboarder–pedestrian interaction can be computed to evaluate high-risk conditions on roads and sidewalks using deep learning object detection models. In this paper, we present the first ever skateboarder–pedestrian safety study leveraging deep learning architectures. We view and analyze state of the art deep learning architectures, namely the Faster R-CNN and two variants of the Single Shot Multi-box Detector (SSD) model to select the correct model that best suits two different tasks: automated calculation of Post Encroachment Time (PET) and finding hazardous conflict zones in real-time. We also contribute a new annotated data set that contains skateboarder–pedestrian interactions that has been collected for this study. Both our selected models can detect and classify pedestrians and skateboarders correctly and efficiently. However, due to differences in their architectures and based on the advantages and disadvantages of each model, both models were individually used to perform two different set of tasks. Due to improved accuracy, the Faster R-CNN model was used to automate the calculation of post encroachment time, whereas to determine hazardous regions in real-time, due to its extremely fast inference rate, the Single Shot Multibox MobileNet V1 model was used. An outcome of this work is a model that can be deployed on low-cost, small-footprint mobile and IoT devices at traffic intersections with existing cameras to perform on-device inferencing for in situ Surrogate Safety Measurement (SSM), such as Time-To-Collision (TTC) and Post Encroachment Time (PET). SSM values that exceed a hazard threshold can be published to an Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker, where messages are received by an intersection traffic signal controller for real-time signal adjustment, thus contributing to state-of-the-art vehicle and pedestrian safety at hazard-prone intersections.
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O’Connor, Paul. "Beyond the youth culture: Understanding middle-aged skateboarders through temporal capital." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, no. 8 (February 14, 2017): 924–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217691780.
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Responding to the call of Wheaton to discuss the position of older participants in lifestyle sports, this research presents an analysis of the experiences of middle-aged skateboarders. Through qualitative interviews, ethnographic observation, and discourse analysis of skateboard media, skateboarding is revealed to be an integral part of the biographies and identities of middle-aged skateboarders. These accounts challenge the imaging of skateboarding as a youth culture and indicate that age and time have an important currency to skateboarders. The value of age is not confined to middle-aged skateboarders but is also observable in skateboard media which corresponds with the values held more broadly in skateboard culture. The concept of temporal capital is proposed as a way to make sense of the experiences of middle-aged skateboarders, highlighting how time is at once a path to subcultural authenticity, but also a resource to be managed and scheduled for their continued engagement in skateboarding.
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Fabian, Leslie A., Steven M. Thygerson, and Ray M. Merrill. "Boarding Injuries: The Long and the Short of It." Emergency Medicine International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/924381.
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As the popularity of longboarding increases, trauma centers are treating an increased number of high severity injuries. Current literature lacks descriptions of the types of injuries experienced by longboarders, a distinct subset of the skateboarding culture. A retrospective review of longboarding and skateboarding injury cases was conducted at a level II trauma center from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2011. Specific injuries in addition to high injury severity factors (hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), patient treatment options, disposition, and outcome) were calculated to compare longboarder to skateboarder injuries. A total of 824 patients met the inclusion criteria. Skull fractures, traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were significantly more common among longboard patients than skateboarders (P<0.0001). All patients with an ISS above 15 were longboarders. Hospital and ICU LOS in days was also significantly greater for longboarders compared with skateboarders (P<0.0001). Of the three patients that died, each was a longboarder and each experienced a head injury. Longboard injuries account for a higher incidence rate of severe head injuries compared to skateboard injuries. Our data show that further, prospective investigation into the longboarding population demographics and injury patterns is necessary to contribute to effective injury prevention in this population.
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Wesley, Mark. "Navigating Detailed Worlds with a Complex, Physically Driven Locomotion: NPC Skateboarder AI in EA’s Skate." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 4, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v4i1.18689.
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This talk describes the motivation, design and implementation behind the AI for the NPC Skateboarders in skate. The complexity of the physically driven locomotion used in skate means that, at any given point, there is an extremely large number of degrees of freedom in potential motion. In addition to this, the rules governing whether it is possible to navigate from any given point A to a secondary point B are entirely dependent on the skateboarder's state at point A. The state required at point A involves a large number of variables, as well as a complex set of previously executed maneuvers to have reached it.
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Platt, Lorne. "Bodies, Boards, and Wheels in Urban Public Space: Skateboarding the Ledges, Rails, and Steps of the City." Built Environment 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.4.461.
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This paper considers skateboarding practices in urban public spaces. Often subversive, the interactions between skateboarders and built features are also regularly captured in visual imagery in print and online. The paper documents encounters between skateboarders and the built environment using visual geographic information and photo representation. Through content analysis of imagery from Instagram posts and Thrasher magazine, the aim is to organize visual/volunteered data to represent the varied types of interactions between skateboarders and particular features of the built environment. The images suggest that skateboarders seek out structures that are typically elements within a corporate plaza or city hardscape such as stairs, rails, planters. This imagery provides large amounts of data that researchers may cull in order to improve understanding of the ways such features are experienced, and of the potential conflicts that arise when a variety of users interact. The broader significance of the research contributes to the growing body of work that positions skateboarding as a legitimate practice in urban public spaces. Scholars, practitioners of architecture, and planners, among others may continue to engage with visualization methods to consider skateboarding as an evolving, responsive, embodied practice.
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Widyaswari, Ni Made Arindra, I Dewa Gede Alit Kamayoga, Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, and Anak Ayu Nyoman Trisna Narta Dewi. "The relationship between leg muscle strength and dynamic balance in skateboard players." Physical Therapy Journal of Indonesia 5, no. 2 (June 3, 2024): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51559/ptji.v5i2.191.
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Background: Skateboarding is a sport that utilizes a wheeled board as its equipment. As time progresses, skateboarding has evolved into one of the branches of professional sports, even having official competitions. It is popular among a wide range of young people and adults. Skateboarders must have good balance to stabilize their bodies and minimize the risk of falling and injury. It is maintaining balance while skateboarding requires strength in leg muscles, including flexors, extensors, dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, invertors, and evertors, with proper contraction ratios to stay balanced. The researchers aimed to investigate the relationship between leg muscle strength and dynamic balance in skateboard players. Skateboard players with greater leg muscle strength tend to maintain their balance better when performing tricks and maneuvers on the skateboard. Methods: The research was observational analytics with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants, resulting in a sample size of 51 skateboarders. Data collection involved measuring leg muscle strength and dynamic balance. Leg muscle strength was measured using a leg dynamometer, while dynamic balance was assessed using the y balance test. Results: The results showed a relationship between leg muscle strength and dynamic balance in skateboarders. Most samples exhibit muscular leg muscle strength, leading to a favorable dynamic balance. Conclusion: From the research findings, it can be concluded that there is a strong, significant, and inverse relationship between leg muscle strength and dynamic balance in skateboarders.
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Goldenberg, Marni, and Wynn Shooter. "Skateboard Park Participation: A Means-end Analysis." Journal of Youth Development 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2009.240.
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Skateboarding has become a highly visible and popular activity. However, many negative stereotypes remain associated with the activity and its participants (Jones & Graves, 2000). In contrast to the negative stereotypes, skateboarding seems to provide many individuals, and youth in particular, with an important outlet for physical activity, leisure, and personal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate why skateboarders chose to visit skateboard parks, to identify outcomes of participating in skateboarding at skateboard parks, and to identify the underlying values that guide skateboarders’ choice of this specific setting. The conceptual framework for the reported study was provided by a means-end model, which views values as the key force influencing an individual’s decision to engage in a particular behavior (Gutman, 1982; Manyiwa & Crawford, 2002). The results indicate that this sample of skateboarders received a number of important benefits and, despite stereotypical views, may seek positive outcomes through skateboarding at skateboard parks. A socio-ecological model and a positive youth development framework provide a platform for interpreting the results and implications.
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McDuie-Ra, Duncan, and Jason Campbell. "Surface Tensions: Skate-Stoppers and the Surveillance Politics of Small Spaces." Surveillance & Society 20, no. 3 (September 5, 2022): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v20i3.15430.
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Skate-stoppers are ubiquitous objects installed on outdoor surfaces in built environments all over the world. Skate-stoppers are an essential part of low-tech security of urban surfaces at a micro-scale—a single bench, handrail, or ledge—with the sole-purpose of protecting these surfaces from skateboarders. As such skate-stoppers are an extension of human and electronic surveillance systems, though in many patches of the urban landscape, skate-stoppers are a low-cost substitute for more sophisticated technologies. This interplay of control and liberation draws attention to surfaces in urban space and specific tactics adopted to secure and protect them through surveillance. In this article, we explore the criticality of skate-stoppers and tactics for removing them to advance the study of surveillance of small spaces. We argue that skate-stoppers are aggressive attempts to control urban space by interrupting the flow of bodies and boards along particular surfaces, namely the “spots” desired by skateboarders. Second, we argue that the installation of skate-stoppers has shifted from reaction to anticipation of skateboarders, and new construction projects now come with skate-stoppers already installed as part of surveillance infrastructure. Third, we argue that skateboarders have become adept at liberating spots from skate-stoppers, restoring flow to surfaces through both organised activism and covert acts, underscoring the limitations of surveillance using objects. We conclude with some thoughts on the disjuncture between the embrace of creative cities and the proliferation of skate-stoppers, suggesting creative play and its desired affective properties are regulated by the control of surfaces in the same spaces.
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Beal, Becky. "Disqualifying the Official: An Exploration of Social Resistance through the Subculture of Skateboarding." Sociology of Sport Journal 12, no. 3 (September 1995): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.3.252.
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This paper describes some of the ways in which popular culture may be a site of social resistance. The subculture of skateboarding is described as one form of popular culture that resists capitalist social relations, and the skateboarders’ particularly overt resistance to an amateur contest provides a framework for characterizing their daily and more covert behaviors of resistance. Although social resistance has the potential to change dominant social relations, it is often limited by contradictions and accommodations. In this case, the skateboarders’ sexist behavior is one of their significant contradictions. Finally, some implications of social resistance are addressed.
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Rodríguez-Rivadulla, Adrián, Miguel Ángel Saavedra-García, and Rafael Arriaza-Loureda. "Skateboarding Injuries in Spain: A Web-Based Survey Approach." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 232596711988490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119884907.
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Background: The inclusion of skateboarding in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games reinforces this activity as a sport. As the number of skateboarders around the world and the difficulty of skateboarding maneuvers continue to increase, the number of skateboarding injuries may also rise. Thus, there is a need for more comprehensive investigations into the practice habits and injuries of skateboarders. Purpose: To describe the sports habits and skateboarding injuries of a sample of skateboarders in Spain. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A web-based survey was shared among skateboarders in Spain. The survey collected data related to sports habits, skateboarding practice habits, and injury history. Comparisons between subgroups of sex, age, and experience were also conducted. Results: The survey was completed by 197 participants (89.3% male) with a mean age of 24.4 ± 7.1 years and a mean experience of 9.7 ± 7.2 years. Most respondents (87.8%) reported not participating in any type of skateboarding-specific physical training program. Only 27.4% took part in skateboarding competitions, with a larger number of respondents younger than 18 years participating in competitive events. The mean number of sessions per week was 3.3 ± 1.7, and the mean length of sessions was 3.3 ± 1.5 hours. The majority of participants (87.8%) reported having suffered injuries (n = 323) as a result of skateboarding, mainly affecting the lower limbs (69.7%). The most common injury type was a ligament sprain (39.6%), especially of the ankle (39.3%). This injury was also reported as the most likely to recur (70.1%). A large number of injuries (54.2%) were considered severe (ie, >21 days to recover). Most injuries occurred while skateboarding gaps or stairs, including any type of a jump that involved a difference in height between the take-off and landing surfaces (25.7%). Female participants accounted for a larger number of ligament sprains than expected, and experienced skateboarders were more likely to suffer more severe injuries and head/trunk injuries. Conclusion: Respondents to this survey were mainly young male adults who practiced skateboarding recreationally. Respondents of different sexes, ages, and experiences demonstrated different habits and injury patterns. The greater number of severe injuries highlights the need for injury surveillance in skateboarding to inform better prevention and rehabilitation practices.
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Vadi, José. "Whose Streets? The stories skateboarders tell themselves." Yale Review 110, no. 1 (March 2022): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2022.0029.
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Kern, Laurence, Annie Geneau, Sophie Laforest, Alex Dumas, Benoit Tremblay, Claude Goulet, Sylvie Lepage, and Tracie A. Barnett. "Risk perception and risk-taking among skateboarders." Safety Science 62 (February 2014): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.08.009.
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Pomerantz, Shauna, Dawn H. Currie, and Deirdre M. Kelly. "Sk8er girls: Skateboarders, girlhood and feminism in motion." Women's Studies International Forum 27, no. 5-6 (November 2004): 547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2004.09.009.
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O’Connor, Paul. "Hong Kong Skateboarding and Network Capital." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 6 (August 24, 2018): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518797040.
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The importance of East Asia to the skateboard industry is multifaceted. It represents a dense commercial asset where the “cool” of skateboarding can be leveraged for consumption. It is also a global resource for touring professional skateboarders visiting countries such as China, Korea, and Japan to film and photograph their tricks in new locations. The success of such strategies are entwined with a regional network of skateboarders, a group whose subcultural capital is operationalized through network capital. Analysis of these connections highlights that Hong Kong’s prominence in East Asian skateboarding is largely dependent on its position as a global city and hybrid entrepôt. By addressing the conservative culture of skateboarding, and the importance of Hong Kong as a global city rather than a “skateable” city, this article further contributes to the theorizing of skateboarding beyond discussions of space and resistance.
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Cianciotto, Luke M. "Public Space, Common Space, and the Spaces In–Between: A Case Study of Philadelphia's LOVE Park." City & Community 19, no. 3 (September 2020): 676–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12454.
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This study concerns the struggle for Philadelphia's LOVE Park, which involved the general public and its functionaries on one side and skateboarders on the other. This paper argues LOVE Park was one place composed of two distinct spaces: the public space the public engendered and the common space the skateboarders produced. This case demonstrates that public and common space must be understood as distinct, for they entail different understandings of publicly accessible space. Additionally, public and common spaces often exist simultaneously as “public–common spaces,” which emphasizes how they reciprocally shape one another. This sheds light on the emergence of “anti–common public space,” which is evident in LOVE Park's 2016 redesign. This concept considers how common spaces are increasingly negated in public spaces. The introduction of common space to the study of public spaces is significant as it allows for more nuanced understandings of transformations in the urban landscape.
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Warin, Robbie. "Long Live Southbank: skateboarding, citizenship and the city." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 3 n. 3 | 2018 | FULL ISSUE (December 31, 2018): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v3i3.1138.
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‘The Undercroft’ underneath Queen Elizabeth’s Hall on London’s Southbank is one of London’s best known skate spots and plans, released in 2013, to fill the space with retail outlets and relocate the skateboarders to an alternative site were met with fierce opposition by the skateboarding community. In response, the group ‘Long Live Southbank’ was founded to campaign for the site’s preservation. This essay will focus on the Long Live Southbank’s 17 month campaign, asking why the local community were so opposed to the relocation of ‘the Undercroft’ to a purpose built site. By analysing a range of different media produced by Long Live Southbank this essay will look at the phenomenology of skateboarding and how the act of skateboarding affects the individual’s lived experience, arguing that the skateboarders’ resistance to relocation was tied in with their desire to be included in the ongoing production of public space, and therefore deeply embedded within their own individual and collective senses of citizenship.
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Bäckström, Åsa, and Anne-Lene Sand. "Imagining and Making Material Encounters: Skateboarding, Emplacement, and Spatial Desire." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 43, no. 2 (March 5, 2019): 122–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519830463.
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In this article, we draw from and develop existing ideas of spatial desire and emplacement to explore skateboarders’ skilful mobility and perceptive competence. By combining findings from Swedish and Danish ethnographic studies, we illustrate how skateboarders imagine and make new material encounters both in urban environments not originally built for skateboarding and in skateparks. These imaginations and makings include memories of previous material encounters and are a part of ongoing social negotiations, but they also have a component of imaginary novelty. Making and imagining are discussed as materialization and formation, which include the idea of active materials and sentient practitioners. Two types of material encounters were imagined and made: transitions and smooth lines. Subsequently, two characteristics of these types of encounters were described: “kind” and challenging. The processes of imagination and making took a mutual understanding for granted and deeply engaged the body in the ever-changing material environment. We argue that a conceptualization of spatial desire as emplaced and highly imaginable is fruitful for research on skateboarding and other movement cultures where engagements with materials come to the fore.
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Dupont, Tyler. "Authentic Subcultural Identities and Social Media: American Skateboarders and Instagram." Deviant Behavior 41, no. 5 (April 12, 2019): 649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1585413.
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Lauro, F. A. A., G. T. Shinzato, I. C. S. P. Sampaio, A. Gon??alves, and L. R. Battistella. "CONCENTRIC KNEE ISOKINETIC STRENGHT AND POWER OF BRAZILIAN PROFESSIONAL SKATEBOARDERS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01232.
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Wong, Megan A., Dylan T. Patton, and Lee E. Brown. "Directional Stability Deflection Between Stance and Push Legs of Skateboarders." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000477367.82706.70.
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O’Connor, Paul. "Skateboarding, Helmets, and Control." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 40, no. 6 (October 12, 2016): 477–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723516673408.
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Skateboarding has a global reach and will be included for the first time in the 2020 Olympic Games. It has transformed from a subcultural pursuit to a mainstream and popular sport. This research looks at some of the challenges posed by the opening of a new skatepark in Hong Kong and the introduction of a mandatory helmet rule. It explores attitudes to helmets in skateboard media, the local government, and among the skateboarders who use the new skatepark. It argues that helmet use is not only an issue of safety but also an issue of control. From the skateboarders’ perspective, it is about participant control over their sport, and from a government perspective, it is about accountability. The contrast between the two approaches is explored through the concepts of edgework and audit culture. As skateboarding continues to become a mainstream sporting activity, such issues of control will prove to be more relevant and must be negotiated in partnership. The growth in new skateparks, many of which are concrete, underlines the need for this discussion. It is argued that helmet use will continue to be a site of conflict as skateboarding becomes further incorporated into a mainstream sport, and that how helmets are represented in skateboarding will come to indicate who has control over the sport.
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Jones, Rodney H. "Sport and re/creation: what skateboarders can teach us about learning." Sport, Education and Society 16, no. 5 (October 2011): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.601139.
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Fajhtinger, Sonja, and Žiga Kozinc. "RELIABILITY AND DISCRIMINANT VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENTED SKATEBOARDING-SPECIFIC POSTURAL SWAY TEST: A PRELIMINARY STUDY." Kinesiologia Slovenica 30, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.30.1.82-94.
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PURPOSE: The rise of skateboarding, particularly its inclusion in the Olympics, highlights the need for tailored balance assessment protocols, a notable gap in current research. In this study, we explored a new skateboarding-specific postural sway test. METHODS: 28 participants (15 skateboarders, 13 non-skateboarders) performed four balance tasks on a force plate. The tasks evaluated the Center of Pressure (CoP) movement in antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions, and CoP area. Reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for relative reliability, and the coefficient of variation (CV) for absolute reliability. RESULTS: Relative reliability was moderate to excellent (ICC: CoP AP velocity 0.75-0.89; CoP ML velocity 0.78-0.88; CoP Area 0.82-0.89). Absolute reliability was generally not acceptable, with CV exceeding 10% for almost all variables in all tasks. Significant task effects were observed in CoP velocity and area (p < 0.001), with a moderate group × task interaction in CoP area (p = 0.024; η² = 0.12), but no significant group differences. The third task (bipedal stance on a skateboard with eyes closed) nearly reached significance between groups (t = 1.89; p = 0.069). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates good relative but limited absolute reliability and discriminant validity for the skateboard-specific sway test, questioning the usefulness of these tests and the specificity of balance adaptations in skateboarding.
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Peachey, Andrew A., Debra L. Sutton, and Michelle L. Cathorall. "Helmet ownership and use among skateboarders: Utilisation of the Health Belief Model." Health Education Journal 75, no. 5 (July 28, 2016): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896915607912.
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Tominaga, Gail T., Kathryn B. Schaffer, Imad S. Dandan, and Jess F. Kraus. "Epidemiological and clinical features of an older high-risk population of skateboarders." Injury 44, no. 5 (May 2013): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2012.01.022.
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Chiu, Chihsin, and Christopher Giamarino. "Creativity, Conviviality, and Civil Society in Neoliberalizing Public Space: Changing Politics and Discourses in Skateboarder Activism From New York City to Los Angeles." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 43, no. 6 (June 14, 2019): 462–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723519842219.
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Neoliberal urbanism often draws critiques because it privatizes public space and excludes specific social groups whose interests are not in line with the development goals of local states and corporations. This article, through an exploration of the politics and discourses of urban skateboarding, suggests that this clear distinction, between entrepreneurialism and community–based place making, may fail to explain transformative changes occurring in public space today. Comparing two grassroots activist campaigns at the Brooklyn Banks in New York City (NYC) and West LA Courthouse in the city of Los Angeles (LA), this article explains the ways in which skateboarders leverage specific neoliberal ideologies to claim their right to these two settings. In both cases, skateboarders save spaces through entrepreneurial urban means that bolster neoliberal values while retaining the tactical nature of their activities. Although both activist movements pursue the common values of authenticity, entrepreneurship, and private funding, they employ different discourses to reclaim public space. The NYC skaters frame a security discourse, which ultimately limits their continual access to the Brooklyn Banks. The LA skate community, on the contrary, constructs a spontaneity discourse, characterized by creativity, conviviality, and civil society, successfully transforming the West LA Courthouse into a legalized skate plaza. Our findings suggest that skateboarding communities and their spatial activism are resilient enough to articulate different rationales and successfully fight to transform public spaces into urban commons. However, we argue that ‘the discourses’ matter significantly in the processes and outcomes of activist mobilizations occurring within neoliberalizing public space.
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Lindsay, H., and M. Brussoni. "Injuries and helmet use related to non-motorized wheeled activities among pediatric patients." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 34, no. 2/3 (July 2014): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.2/3.02.
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Introduction Patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) for injuries resulting from recreational activities represent a unique source of information on important directions for injury prevention efforts. We describe the epidemiology of non-motorized wheeled activity-related injury in pediatric patients presenting to Canadian EDs as well as patients' helmet use. Methods Data for the years 2004 to 2009 were abstracted from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), a national ED injury surveillance program in fifteen hospitals. Results Most of the 28 618 children aged 1 to 16 years injured during non-motorized wheeled activities were injured while cycling, followed by skateboarding. Most injuries occurred among boys. Children injured on scooters tended to be younger whereas skateboarders were the oldest. On average, the number of all injuries decreased by 6% over the time period. Falls were the most common mechanism of injury; 8.3% of patients had head injuries, which were seen more often among cyclists than other wheeled-activity users. Helmet use was greatest among cyclists (62.2%) and lowest among skateboarders (32.9%). Injured patients presenting to EDs in jurisdictions with legislation mandating helmet use had 2.12 greater odds of helmet use and 0.86 lesser odds of head injury compared with those presenting in jurisdictions without helmet laws. Conclusion These results provide further evidence that legislation mandating helmet use may be an effective way of reducing injury among all wheeled-activity users. The small number of patients who presented with helmet use and protective gear (59.4% overall) suggests that this remains an area for intervention.
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Romero, Noah. "You're Skating on Native Land: Queering and Decolonizing Skate Pedagogy." Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18733/cpi29548.
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This paper draws from a new materialist interpretation of Maya Angelou’s Caged Bird to analyze how Queer and Indigenous skateboarders develop critical and community-responsive ways of knowing and being. This analysis is contrasted with the implications of skateboarding’s Olympic debut to theorize how non-dominant groups build self-supporting enclaves in spite of concerted efforts to regulate and exclude them from public life. Skateboarding is herein conceptualized as a critical pedagogy which enables participants to reclaim space, achieve self-defined learning goals, and challenge the authority of oppressive institutions built upon what Angelou calls “the grave of dreams.”
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MacKay, Steph, and Christine Dallaire. "Skirtboarders.com: Skateboarding Women and Self-Formation as Ethical Subjects." Sociology of Sport Journal 30, no. 2 (June 2013): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.30.2.173.
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The Skirtboarders, a Montreal-based crew of female skateboarders, purposely challenge discourses of femininity through an Internet skateboarding blog. Interviews with crew members reveal the similarity between their sporting and Internet practices and processes that Foucault (1986, p. 28) referred to as “self-formation as an ‘ethical subject’”. We draw on the four aspects that Foucault outlined by which an individual constitutes herself as an ethical subject—ethical substance, mode of subjection, ethical work and telos—to analyze the Skirtboarders’ reflexivity and critical engagement through their skateboarding blogging experiences. The results illustrate how sportswomen-driven forms of social media can become a means of individualized and collective ethical transformation.
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Bower, Bruce. "Body & brain: Skateboarders rock at physics: Experienced riders show gut knowledge of slope speeds." Science News 180, no. 12 (November 29, 2011): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591801210.
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Woolley, Helen, Teresa Hazelwood, and Ian Simkins. "Don't Skate Here: Exclusion of Skateboarders from Urban Civic Spaces in Three Northern Cities in England." Journal of Urban Design 16, no. 4 (November 2011): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2011.585867.
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Carr, John N. "Skateboarding in Dude Space: The Roles of Space and Sport in Constructing Gender Among Adult Skateboarders." Sociology of Sport Journal 34, no. 1 (March 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2016-0044.
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This study aims to address how, to what extent, and under what conditions may those who are not cisgendered as male do the work of negotiating access to male sporting space. In doing so, it brings together critical geographies of masculinity and the critical literature on skateboarding to address the role of particular kinds of skateboarding spaces in either reproducing or potentially disrupting gender segregated, patriarchal skateboarding cultures. This project is offered not only to challenge patriarchal practices and values, but also to step beyond theory and actually examine how sport environments might be designed and sited so as to enable a wider range of gender performances and more inclusive spaces. Specifically, my research suggests that certain types of skate environments can somewhat lower women’s barriers to entering the gender charged realm of skateboarding if and when those responsible for those spaces take patriarchy and the needs of noncisgendered male skateboarders seriously.Cette étude a pour but de savoir comment, dans quelle mesure et dans quelles conditions, les personnes n’étant pas des hommes cisgenres négocient leur accès dans l’univers sportif masculin. Pour ce faire, elle réunit les géographies critiques de la masculinité et la littérature critique sur le skateboard pour examiner le rôle de certains univers particuliers de cette pratique dans la reproduction, ou dans l’éventuelle rupture avec la ségrégation genrée, des cultures patriarcales du skateboard. Le but de ce projet n’est pas seulement de contester les pratiques et les valeurs patriarcales, mais aussi de dépasser la théorie et d’examiner vraiment comment les environnements sportifs pourrait être conçus et localisés de manière à permettre une plus grande variété de performances en fonction du genre et de devenir des espaces plus inclusifs. Plus spécifiquement, ma recherche suggère que certains types d’environnements dédiés à la glisse pourraient contribuer à réduire les barrières que rencontrent les femmes pour entrer dans la sphère fortement genrée du skateboard si et quand les responsables de ces espaces prendront sérieusement en compte le patriarcat et les besoins des skatebordeurs qui ne sont pas cisgenres.
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Thurnell-Read, Thomas. "‘A Couple of These Videos Is All You Really Needed to Get Pumped to Skate’: Subcultural Media, Nostalgia and Re-Viewing 1990s Skate Media on YouTube." YOUNG 30, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11033088211057365.
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The reappearance of VHS skateboarding movies produced during the 1990s on YouTube presents a timely opportunity to examine how the subcultural identities of former skateboarders are reassessed in later life. Drawing on subcultural studies and theories of mediated memory, this article analyses comments made by viewers of YouTube re-postings of 411 Video Magazine, an era-defining skateboard movie series of the 1990s. The analysis suggests that re-viewing content of once cherished VHS tapes affords former skaters a nostalgic moment of reconnection with their youth involving a combination of three forms of nostalgia: subcultural nostalgia, biographical nostalgia, and format nostalgia. For many viewers, re-viewing skate videos retrospectively recognizes the formative role skateboarding played in shaping their identity and also allows an appraisal of both the past subcultural formation and the media format through which its values were expressed and communicated.
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Glenney, Brian, and Steve Mull. "Skateboarding and the Ecology of Urban Space." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 6 (September 25, 2018): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518800525.
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Skateboarding poses a unique case study for considering the place of sport in human activity. The bulk of skateboarding scholarship argues that skateboarding is largely a subversion of rule governance, a view difficult to square with common and popular rule-governed skateboarding competitions, now including the Olympics. We attempt to resolve this tension by arguing for a kind of pluralism: skateboarding’s engagement in rule-governed competition is distinctly subversive, yielding the claim that skateboarding is both sport and subversion. This pluralism is examined in an “ecological” framework of emergent activities defined by push-pull interactive relationships between skateboarders and their environment that change the meaning of their spaces—whether domestic, urban, or competitive—to spaces that are both wild and spontaneous. We conclude with reflections on how skateboarding provides understanding of sport in the space of ecological meaning.
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Francis, Sally K., and Beverly Browne. "Perceived Clothing Deprivation: Further Evidence." Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, no. 3 (December 1992): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.3.723.
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The purpose of this study was to extend the conceptualization of perceived clothing deprivation among three groups of adolescents: 161 skateboarders, 61 baseball players, and 336 general high school students. Perceived clothing deprivation, the dependent variable, was measured by two previously developed scales, Inability to Buy and Clothing Deprivation Relative to Peers. Regression analysis of self-reported economic stress indicated that the combination of lower income and increased demand was positively related to both clothing deprivation factors. Group membership was not significantly associated with Inability to Buy but was with Clothing Deprivation Relative to Peers. Both male sports groups reported greater perceived dissatisfaction than the general population of high school students. These results support the idea that perceived clothing deprivation is self-defined and peer-dependent among adolescents and support the proposition that clothing deprivation reflects primarily influence of dynamic rather than stable variables.
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Young, Jason, Jeffrey W. Muttart, Jeff Suway, and Joe Cohen. "Nighttime Photography & Videography: Techniques & Tips." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601600.
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Investigation of nighttime motor vehicle collisions represents one of the most challenging aspects of collision reconstruction. Nighttime collisions with motorcycles, pedestrians, cyclists, skateboarders, or wildlife will often require the investigator to assess the visibility of the struck object from the driver perspective at the time of the collision. Since lighting conditions, weather conditions and traffic conditions are continually changing, the ability of the investigator to create a perfect re-enactment is, by definition, not usually possible. As such, the investigator must make use of nighttime visibility assessment techniques to best reproduce the conditions at the time and correctly account for all other factors that are not in the investigator’s control. The goal of this panel discussion session is to share the combined experience and knowledge of the panelists with the audience regarding the tried-and-tested best practice techniques and tips of conducting nighttime collision re-enactments.
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Mische, Ann. "Projecting Democracy: The Formation of Citizenship Across Youth Networks in Brazil." International Review of Social History 40, S3 (December 1995): 131–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113628.
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In August 1992 Brazil was swept by a series of protest demonstrations to demand the impeachment on corruption charges of the country's first elected president in thirty years. The principal protagonists of the rallies were high school and college students who turned out in massive numbers for exuberant, hastily organized marches that closed down the principal avenues of Brazil's major cities. The rallies joined heterogeneous sectors of young people, many with no prior experience of political activism, who became known as the caras pintadas (painted faces) for the improvised, carnavelesque gesture of painting their faces with the colors of the Brazilian flag. In the words of Lindberg Farias, president of the National Union of Students (UNE), “Our faces were diverse. From those wearing Che Guevara T-shirts to the frequenters of shopping centers. Student researchers on scholarships, together with heavy metal fans and skateboarders”.
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Scarbrough, Elizabeth. "Urban Ruins and the Neo -Picturesque Landscape." Aesthetic Investigations 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.58519/aesthinv.v6i1.12089.
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While classical ruins are seen as tourist destinations, contemporary or industrial ruins are dismissed as disused sites. In this paper I argue for the preservation of urban (or contemporary) ruins. I focus on one specific case, that of the Miami Marine Stadium in Miami, Florida USA. Since the 1990s the stadium has been derelict, a canvas for graffiti artists and a home to skateboarders. In 2018 the City of Miami decided to revamp the stadium and reopen it as a concert and sporting venue. The current design-development plan has sanitized this urban ruin, robbing it of its past. I will situate the debate about rehabbing contemporary ruins within the growing literature of the neo-picturesque, specifically neo-picturesque landscape design. I believe that urban ruins such as these have a place in the modern city and will suggest some paths forward for these neo-picturesque ruin beauties.
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Hollett, Ty. "Symbiotic learning partnerships in youth action sports: Vibing, rhythm, and analytic cycles." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 25, no. 4 (November 2017): 753–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517735840.
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Reporting on an ethnographic study of youth media production at an action sports camp, this article describes the symbiotic learning partnerships formed between teen skateboarders and teen videographers necessary to collaboratively demonstrate the mastery of both tricks and video capture/editing. Symbiotic learning partnerships emerge when partners are, as one participant says, vibing with one another: when they are deeply invested in the production of a collaborative media artifact that they will jointly distribute across social media. When vibing with one another, skaters and videographers fall into collaborative, rhythmic cycles. This collaborative mastery is illustrated specifically through a focus on the cycles of reflection and nurture that skaters and videographers enter into when honing their respective crafts. This article advances understanding of youth digital media production in the rich, yet understudied, action sports community, drawing out potential implications for the design of digital media learning settings, broadly, that do not urge youth down individual pathways, but instead implement opportunities for symbiotic participation and learning.
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Norwood, Bridgette. "Carving in and "Carving Out" Space:." Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography 14, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/jue.v14i1.12048.
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Skateboarding is a subculture with an ideology that counters normative authority and standards of masculinity. Yet, it continues to uphold persistent misogynistic perspectives and gender discrepancies in participation (Beal 1996; McCarthy 2022). Therefore, it is critical to understand the experiences of marginalized genders in the skateboarding subculture to discover how ideas of authenticity are formed and upheld in the skate subculture and how these standards impact skateboarders of marginalized genders. This qualitative study examines the unexplored skateboard subculture in Halifax, Nova Scotia through an analysis of its symbolic membership and physical and social space. This study identifies a disassociation from ‘typical’ masculinity and outwardly favourable attitudes towards gender diversity within the Halifax skateboard community; however, gender barriers remain within this still hyper-masculine setting disguised through support. Nevertheless, the historically resistant and rebellious attitudes that coincide with skateboarding may provide a space for female and non-binary skaters to counter subcultural and societal gender norms.
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Fonseca, Yuri Nascimento, and Monique De Azevedo. "Prevalência de lesões em praticantes de skateboarding no Distrito Federal / Prevalence of injuries in skateboarders in the Federal District." Brazilian Journal of Development 8, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 8691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n2-019.
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Nichols, L. Dugan. "The Social Mediatization of Lifestyle Sport: Continuity and Novelty in the Online Skate Subculture." Social Media + Society 8, no. 2 (April 2022): 205630512211076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051221107632.
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Based on mediatization theory, this article tracks how skateboarders experience and negotiate the entry of social media into their subculture. Building on existing scholarship, I show how social media and digital devices retain existing values within the culture while simultaneously introducing new challenges. To illustrate the phenomena of continuity and novelty in the online skate subculture, I analyze two case studies pertaining to YouTube. The first is a textual analysis of a typical skate video. Released on YouTube in 2020, the BE FREE video exhibits neoliberal, apolitical, masculine, and individualist values that go back decades in skate culture. The second case involves one of the most popular hubs of online skateboarding today: The Berrics YouTube channel, which claims 1.3 million subscribers and over 4,500 individual videos. I show how The Berrics maintains a one-dimensional positivity through its posts and interactions with fans, and I argue that it is still experimenting with the handling of negative feedback that participatory media allow. I also provide a brief history of skateboard media to properly contextualize these case studies.
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Frederick, Edward C., Jeremy J. Determan, Saunders N. Whittlesey, and Joseph Hamill. "Biomechanics of Skateboarding: Kinetics of the Ollie." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 22, no. 1 (February 2006): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.22.1.33.
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Seven top amateur or professional skateboarders (BW = 713 N ± 83 N) performed Ollie maneuvers onto and off an elevated wooden platform (45.7 cm high). We recorded ground reaction force (GRF) data for three Ollie Up (OU) and Ollie Down (OD) trials per participant. The vertical GRF (VGRF) during the OU has a characteristic propulsive peak (M = 2.22 body weight [BW] ± 0.22) resulting from rapidly rotating the tail of the board into the ground to propel the skater and board up and forward. The anterior-posterior (A-P) GRF also shows a pronounced peak (M = 0.05 ± 0.01 BW) corresponding with this propulsive VGRF peak. The initial phase of landing in the OD shows an impact peak in VGRF rising during the first 30 to 80 ms to a mean of 4.74 ± 0.46 BW. These impact peaks are higher than expected given the relatively short drop of 45.7 cm and crouched body position. But we observed that our participants intentionally affected a firm landing to stabilize the landing position; and the Ollie off the platform raised the center of mass, also contributing to higher forces.
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Kellstedt, Debra K., John O. Spengler, and Jay E. Maddock. "Comparing Perceived and Objective Measures of Bikeability on a University Campus: A Case Study." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211018685.
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Using a participatory approach, this multi-method case study compared bicyclists’ perceptions and physical indicators of bikeability on a college campus. Student focus groups discussed campus bikeability and mapped and graded common bicycle routes. Trained students conducted environmental audits with bicycle counts. In discussions, students expressed concerns about safe bicycle riding on campus, especially during peak times. Congestion with pedestrians, other bicyclists, and skateboarders created the potential for crashes. Five major routes were identified with map scores ranging from 21.4% to 70%. Audit scores ranged from 82.5% to 86.7%. Bicycle counts varied by time of day and ranged from 11 to 91 bicycles. Student perceptions of bikeability were poorer than objective assessments of routes. The audit tool did not differentiate enough between routes and did not capture conflict potential accurately. Specification is needed on audit tools to capture the potential for conflict between bicycling and other forms of active transport—especially in unique settings like college campuses. Campuses that have well-marked paths for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles and that communicate the importance and ease of bicycling may see the most overall success when promoting active transport options.
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Abdullah, Muhammad Amirul, Muhammad Ar Rahim Ibrahim, Muhammad Nur Aiman Shapiee, Muhammad Aizzat Zakaria, Mohd Azraai Mohd Razman, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Noor Azuan Abu Osman, and Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed. "The classification of skateboarding tricks via transfer learning pipelines." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (August 18, 2021): e680. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.680.
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This study aims at classifying flat ground tricks, namely Ollie, Kickflip, Shove-it, Nollie and Frontside 180, through the identification of significant input image transformation on different transfer learning models with optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A total of six amateur skateboarders (20 ± 7 years of age with at least 5.0 years of experience) executed five tricks for each type of trick repeatedly on a customized ORY skateboard (IMU sensor fused) on a cemented ground. From the IMU data, a total of six raw signals extracted. A total of two input image type, namely raw data (RAW) and Continous Wavelet Transform (CWT), as well as six transfer learning models from three different families along with grid-searched optimized SVM, were investigated towards its efficacy in classifying the skateboarding tricks. It was shown from the study that RAW and CWT input images on MobileNet, MobileNetV2 and ResNet101 transfer learning models demonstrated the best test accuracy at 100% on the test dataset. Nonetheless, by evaluating the computational time amongst the best models, it was established that the CWT-MobileNet-Optimized SVM pipeline was found to be the best. It could be concluded that the proposed method is able to facilitate the judges as well as coaches in identifying skateboarding tricks execution.
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Lovyagina, A., E. Khvatskaya, and D. Volkov. "INJURY RATE FACTORS IN EXTREME SPORTS ATHLETES WITH DIFFERENT MENTAL SELF-REGULATION TYPES." Human Sport Medicine 19, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190116.
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Aim. The article deals with studying the injury rate factors in athletes with different peculiarities of mental self-regulation. Materials and methods. Male athletes aged 18–32 involved in cross-country motorcycle and bicycle races, snowboarding, and skateboarding participated in the study (n = 167). The following injury factors were taken into account: the number and severity of injuries, length of the recovery period, limitations on doing sport after recovery. The intensity of the following self-organization characteristics was assessed: determination, self-discipline, flexibility, perseverance, commitment to the current aim, and the general level of self-organization. The frequency of using the following mental self-regulation techniques during training and competitions was assessed: autosuggestion, self-persuasion, physical exercises, breathwork, auto-training, psycho-muscular training, motor imagery practice, visualization, and meditation. Results. Athletes with better-developed self-discipline and those practicing psycho-muscular training have fewer injuries while doing extreme sports. The injuries of athletes practicing psycho-muscular training are not so severe. Athletes with better determination and self-discipline recover faster after injuries. This can also be applied to those athletes who often use the techniques of autosuggestion, self-persuasion, psycho-muscular training, meditation, and visualization. Athletes with greater perseverance have fewer limitations on doing sport after recovery. This is also true for athletes practicing autosuggestion, self-persuasion, and meditation. No differences in the injury rate of cross-country motorcyclists, snow- and skateboarders were revealed. Conclusion. It is appropriate to treat the peculiarities of mental self-regulation as a factor affecting the injury rate of athletes practicing extreme sports.