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1

Paliling, Alders. "IMPLEMENTATION OF AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN SKELETONS LEARNING BASED ON ANDROID." Journal of Information Technology and Its Utilization 2, no. 2 (2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30818/jitu.2.2.2343.

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One of the materials taught in science lesson is about human skeletons. In the learning process of the human skeletal, teachers use props in the form of human skeletal models. With the development of technology, the use of human skeletal models can be replaced with digital models. Human skeletal models can be damaged either by deliberate or accidentally by age. The correct method for replacing the model of a human skeleton into a digital form is by using Augmented Reality technology, where Augmented Reality technology is capable of projecting 3-dimensional objects into the real world directly.
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2

Trentini, Alessandro, Maria C. Manfrinato, Tiziana Bellini, et al. "Fast skeletal troponin I, but not the slow isoform, is increased in patients under statin therapy: a pilot study." Biochemia medica 29, no. 1 (2018): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2019.010703.

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Introduction: Statin therapy is often associated with muscle complaints and increased serum creatine kinase (CK). However, although essential in determining muscle damage, this marker is not specific for skeletal muscle. Recent studies on animal models have shown that slow and fast isoforms of skeletal troponin I (ssTnI and fsTnI, respectively) can be useful markers of skeletal muscle injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of ssTnI and fsTnI as markers to monitor the statin-induced skeletal muscle damage. Materials and methods: A total of 51 patients (14 using and 37 not usi
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3

Demers, Laurence M., Luis Costa, and Allan Lipton. "Biochemical Markers and Skeletal Metastases." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 415 (October 2003): S138—S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo0000092979.12414.54.

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4

Demers, Laurence M., Luis Costa, and Allan Lipton. "Biochemical markers and skeletal metastases." Cancer 88, S12 (2000): 2919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20000615)88:12+<2919::aid-cncr7>3.0.co;2-z.

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5

Belema Bedada, Fikru, Antje Technau, Henning Ebelt, Manja Schulze, and Thomas Braun. "Activation of Myogenic Differentiation Pathways in Adult Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 21 (2005): 9509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.21.9509-9519.2005.

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ABSTRACT During embryogenesis, various cell types can be programmed by potent inducers to follow distinct differentiation paths. In adult life, this ability seems to be restricted to specific multipotent cells. We have identified two cell populations from adult murine bone marrow which express various “stemness” genes. Treatment with Wnt molecules induced transcription of different skeletal muscle marker genes and evoked expression of cardiomyocyte markers. Further characterization of Wnt-induced intracellular signaling cascades revealed that the skeletal muscle program depended on canonical W
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6

Tsukushi, Satoshi, Hirohisa Katagiri, Takae Kataoka, Yoshihiro Nishida, and Naoki Ishiguro. "Serum Tumor Markers in Skeletal Metastasis." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7 (2006): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyl046.

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7

Tripathi, T., P. Gupta, and P. Rai. "Biochemical markers as skeletal maturity indicators." International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation 8, no. 2 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijor.ijor_37_16.

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8

Pan, Ya-Jing, Si-Jia Zhou, Jin Feng, Qiong Bai, La-Ta A, and Ai-Hua Zhang. "Urotensin II Induces Mice Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Associated with Enhanced Autophagy and Inhibited Irisin Precursor (Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 5) Expression in Chronic Renal Failure." Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 44, no. 4 (2019): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499880.

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Background/Aims: Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the main manifestations of protein energy wasting. We hypothesized that urotensin II (UII) can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy through upregulating autophagy and affecting Irisin precursor fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) expressions. Methods: Three animal models (the sham operation, wild-type C57BL/6 mice with 5/6 nephrectomy, UII receptor (UT) gene knockout (UTKO) mice with 5/6 nephrectomy) were designed. Skeletal muscle weight, cross-sectional area (CSA) along with UII, FNDC5, LC3, and p62 expression were investigated. C2C12
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9

Reyes, Morayma, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, and Akshay Krishnamurty. "Characterization, Isolation and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells Derived from Skeletal Muscle." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1821.1821.

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Abstract We report here the characterization of endothelial cells from skeletal muscles by fluorescence-activated cell sorting on the basis of cell surface antigen expression for Sca-1, CD34 and CD31. Sca-1 is a marker of hematopoietic stem cells, although it can be expressed by other cells including endothelial cells. CD34 is also a marker of hematopoeitic stem cells and endothelial cells. Satellite cells of the skeletal muscles express CD34 but are negative for Sca-1 and CD31. CD31 or PECAM is a well recognized endothelial marker expressed by endothelium of multiple organs, however, its expr
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10

Steele, James. "Handedness in past human populations: Skeletal markers." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 5, no. 3 (2000): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713754380.

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11

Steele, James. "Handedness in past human populations: Skeletal markers." Laterality 5, no. 3 (2000): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135765000406067.

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12

Gould, PV. "Immunohistochemical markers of reactive skeletal muscle fibres." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s2 (2019): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.273.

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Although most patients undergo muscle biopsies to elucidate the cause of muscle symptoms (weakess, cramping, etc.), many muscle biopsies show relatively few specific alterations on routine staining. Immunohistochemical methods for muscle fibre typing and characterisation of inflammatory cell infiltrates are now well established but the value of other markers is less well documented. A preliminary study of other potentially useful immunohistochemical markers revealed that muscle biopsies in our hospital often contain CD56 and/or D2-40 positive myofibres. This study was extended to a series of 3
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13

Sasaki, Aki, Daisuke Takeda, Hotaka Kawai, et al. "Transcutaneous carbon dioxide suppresses skeletal muscle atrophy in a mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0302194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302194.

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Cancer cachexia causes skeletal muscle atrophy, impacting the treatment and prognosis of patients with advanced cancer, but no treatment has yet been established to control cancer cachexia. We demonstrated that transcutaneous application of carbon dioxide (CO2) could improve local blood flow and reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in a fracture model. However, the effects of transcutaneous application of CO2 in cancer-bearing conditions are not yet known. In this study, we calculated fat-free body mass (FFM), defined as the skeletal muscle mass, and evaluated the expression of muscle atrophy marker
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14

Guma, A., J. R. Zierath, H. Wallberg-Henriksson, and A. Klip. "Insulin induces translocation of GLUT-4 glucose transporters in human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 268, no. 4 (1995): E613—E622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.4.e613.

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Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of glucose transport into human muscle is necessary to unravel possible defects in glucose uptake associated with insulin resistance in humans. Here we report a strategy to subfractionate human skeletal muscle biopsies (0.5 g) removed from vastus lateralis during a euglycemic insulinemic clamp procedure. A sucrose gradient separated total membranes into five fractions. Fraction 25 (25% sucrose) contained the plasma membrane markers alpha 1- and alpha 2-subunits of the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase and the GLUT-5 hexose tran
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15

Ohlendieck, K., J. M. Ervasti, J. B. Snook, and K. P. Campbell. "Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex is highly enriched in isolated skeletal muscle sarcolemma." Journal of Cell Biology 112, no. 1 (1991): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.112.1.135.

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mAbs specific for protein components of the surface membrane of rabbit skeletal muscle have been used as markers in the isolation and characterization of skeletal muscle sarcolemma membranes. Highly purified sarcolemma membranes from rabbit skeletal muscle were isolated from a crude surface membrane preparation by wheat germ agglutination. Immunoblot analysis of subcellular fractions from skeletal muscle revealed that dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins of 156 and 50 kD are greatly enriched in purified sarcolemma vesicles. The purified sarcolemma was also enriched in novel sarcolemma m
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16

Nair, Manoj, Zachery R. Belak, and Nick Ovsenek. "Effects of fluoride on expression of bone-specific genes in developing Xenopus laevis larvae." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 89, no. 4 (2011): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o11-034.

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The effect of fluoride treatment on the expression of a panel of osteogenic and stress markers in Stage 55 premetamorphic Xenopus larvae was examined at the precise onset of replacement of the larval cartilaginous skeleton with bone. A dosing regimen of 10 mmol/L sodium fluoride over 8 days was followed, during which time larvae developed to Stage 58, when the process of progressive ossification takes place in the vertebral column and membranous bones of the skull, pelvic, and pectoral girdles and portions of the appendicular skeleton. Markers of bone formation, including COL1A1, the transcrip
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17

Baek, Ji, Hyeonwi Son, Young-Hoon Jeong, Sang Park, and Hyun Kim. "Chronological Aging Standard Curves of Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Twelve Tissues of C57BL/6 Male Mouse." Cells 8, no. 3 (2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8030247.

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The changes in telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) are considered to be aging markers. However, many studies have provided contradictory or only fragmentary information about changes of these markers in animal models, due to inaccurate analysis methods and a lack of objective aging standards. To establish chronological aging standards for these two markers, we analyzed telomere length and mtDNAcn in 12 tissues—leukocytes, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, retina, aorta, liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, and skin—from a commonly used r
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18

Jun, Lauren, Emily Knight, Tom L. Broderick, et al. "Moderate-Intensity Exercise Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers in the Skeletal Muscle of a Mouse Model Affected by Diet-Induced Obesity." Nutrients 16, no. 12 (2024): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16121836.

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Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibers with distinctive characteristics. Oxidative muscle fiber types contain higher mitochondrial content, relying primarily on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP generation. Notably, as a result of obesity, or following prolonged exposure to a high-fat diet, skeletal muscle undergoes a shift in fiber type toward a glycolytic type. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, constantly undergoing mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic processes. Our study aims to explore the impact of obesity on skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamic
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19

Smuder, Ashley J., Andreas N. Kavazis, Kisuk Min, and Scott K. Powers. "Exercise protects against doxorubicin-induced markers of autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 4 (2011): 1190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00429.2011.

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Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective antitumor agent used in cancer treatment. Unfortunately, DOX is also toxic to skeletal muscle and can result in significant muscle wasting. The cellular mechanism(s) by which DOX induces toxicity in skeletal muscle fibers remains unclear. Nonetheless, DOX-induced toxicity is associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and activation of the calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic systems within muscle fibers. It is currently unknown if autophagy, a proteolytic system that can be triggered by oxidative stress, is activated in ske
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20

Jensen, L., L. H. Jørgensen, R. D. Bech, U. Frandsen, and H. D. Schrøder. "Skeletal Muscle Remodelling as a Function of Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5930621.

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Muscle weakness is considered the pivotal sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Knowledge about the skeletal muscle degeneration/regeneration process and the myogenic potential is limited in ALS patients. Therefore, we investigate these processes in a time course perspective by analysing skeletal muscle biopsies from ALS patients collected before and after a 12-week period of normal daily activities and compare these with healthy age-matched control tissue. We do this by evaluating mRNA and protein (immunohistochemical) markers of regeneration, neurodegeneration, myogenesis, cell cycle
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21

Coira, Bader M., Ranjit Sachdev, and Edward Moscovic. "Skeletal Muscle Markers in Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 94, no. 6 (1990): 799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/94.6.799.

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22

Caldow, Marissa K., David Cameron-Smith, Pazit Levinger, Michael J. McKenna, and Itamar Levinger. "Inflammatory markers in skeletal muscle of older adults." European Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 2 (2012): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2458-x.

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23

Pálfi, Gy, and O. Dutour. "Activity-induced skeletal markers in historical anthropological material." International Journal of Anthropology 11, no. 1 (1996): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02442202.

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24

Jankowski, C. M. "Inflammatory markers in skeletal muscle of older adults." Yearbook of Sports Medicine 2013 (2013): 362–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yspm.2013.03.002.

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25

Maziar Farhadi, Ataollah Dashti, and Seyed Amirreza Hashemi Moghadam. "Indicators of skeletal maturity using biochemical and radiographical markers: A review of literature." Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy 6, no. 2 (2022): 009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2022.6.2.0077.

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Skeletal maturation can occur at different ages in each person; diagnosing and predicting skeletal maturation time is very important in orthodontic treatments. Therefore, many methods have been introduced to help diagnose more accurately and at a lower cost. The primary aim of this review is to provide a summary of several methods which are used to determine the skeletal maturity stage.
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26

Kablar, B., S. Tajbakhsh, and M. A. Rudnicki. "Transdifferentiation of esophageal smooth to skeletal muscle is myogenic bHLH factor-dependent." Development 127, no. 8 (2000): 1627–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.8.1627.

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Previously, coexpression of smooth and skeletal differentiation markers, but not myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), was observed from E16.5 mouse fetuses in a small percentage of diaphragm level esophageal muscle cells, suggesting that MRFs are not involved in the process of initiation of developmentally programmed transdifferentiation in the esophagus. To investigate smooth-to-skeletal esophageal muscle transition, we analyzed Myf5nlacZ knock-in mice, MyoD-lacZ and myogenin-lacZ transgenic embryos with a panel of the antibodies reactive with myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and smooth and
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Ettensohn, C. A., and K. M. Malinda. "Size regulation and morphogenesis: a cellular analysis of skeletogenesis in the sea urchin embryo." Development 119, no. 1 (1993): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.119.1.155.

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The formation of the skeleton is a central event in sea urchin morphogenesis. The skeleton serves as a framework for the larval body and is the primary determinant of its shape. Previous studies have shown that the size of the skeleton is invariant despite wide experimentally induced variations in the number of skeleton-forming primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). In the present study, we have used PMC transplantation, fluorescent cell markers and confocal laser scanning microscopy to analyze cellular aspects of skeletal patterning. Labeling of embryos with 5-bromodeoxyuridine demonstrates that th
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Bujak, Adam L., Regje M. E. Blümer, Katarina Marcinko, Morgan D. Fullerton, Bruce E. Kemp, and Gregory R. Steinberg. "Reduced skeletal muscle AMPK and mitochondrial markers do not promote age-induced insulin resistance." Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 2 (2014): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01101.2013.

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In both rodents and humans, aging-associated reductions in skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and mitochondrial function have been linked to the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. However, whether reductions in skeletal muscle AMPK and mitochondrial capacity actually precipitate the development of aging-induced insulin resistance is not known. Mice lacking both isoforms of the AMPK β-subunit in skeletal muscle (AMPK-MKO) have no detectable AMPK activity and are characterized by large reductions in exercise capacity, mitochondrial content, and contracti
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Clow, Charlene, and Bernard J. Jasmin. "Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Regulates Satellite Cell Differentiation and Skeltal Muscle Regeneration." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 13 (2010): 2182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-02-0154.

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In adult skeletal muscle, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in myogenic progenitors known as satellite cells. To functionally address the role of BDNF in muscle satellite cells and regeneration in vivo, we generated a mouse in which BDNF is specifically depleted from skeletal muscle cells. For comparative purposes, and to determine the specific role of muscle-derived BDNF, we also examined muscles of the complete BDNF−/− mouse. In both models, expression of the satellite cell marker Pax7 was significantly decreased. Furthermore, proliferation and differentiation of primary
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Ho, Trung-Loc, Chih-Hsin Tang, Sunny Li-Yun Chang, Chun-Hao Tsai, Hsien-Te Chen, and Chen-Ming Su. "HMGB1 Promotes In Vitro and In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Atrophy through an IL-18-Dependent Mechanism." Cells 11, no. 23 (2022): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11233936.

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Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs due to muscle wasting or reductions in protein associated with aging, injury, and inflammatory processes. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein is passively released from necrotic cells and actively secreted by inflammatory cells, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immune diseases. HMGB1 is upregulated in muscle inflammation, and circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) are upregulated in patients with sarcopenia, a muscle-wasting disease. We examined whether an association exists between HMGB1 a
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31

Huang, Qian, and Xuenong Ouyang. "Bone Markers for Monitoring Efficacy in Patients with Bone Metastases Receiving Zoledronic Acid: A Review of Published Data." International Journal of Biological Markers 28, no. 3 (2013): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jbm.5000022.

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Bone metastases occur frequently in patients with advanced solid tumors and can create serious clinical problems that are commonly referred to as skeletal-related events. Although bisphosphonates, especially zoledronic acid, have emerged as an integral determinant of managing metastatic bone disease, their application remains a challenge because of the lack of standardized measures and their side effects. Since factors derived from bone metabolism are potentially useful to measure the efficacy of zoledronic acid, several clinical trials have investigated these bone markers with respect to thei
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De Maré, Annelies, Anja Verhulst, Etienne Cavalier, et al. "Clinical Inference of Serum and Bone Sclerostin Levels in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (2019): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122027.

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Mounting evidence indicates that sclerostin, a well-known inhibitor of bone formation, may qualify as a clinically relevant biomarker of chronic kidney disease-related mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), including abnormal mineral and bone metabolism and extraskeletal calcification. For this purpose, in this study we investigate the extent to which circulating sclerostin, skeletal sclerostin expression, bone histomorphometric parameters, and serum markers of bone metabolism associate with each other. Bone biopsies and serum samples were collected in a cohort of 68 end-stage kidney disease (ES
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33

Miladinovic-Radmilovic, Natasa. "The new necropolis of the Great migration from Singidunum anthropological analysis." Starinar, no. 57 (2007): 325–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0757325m.

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The aim of this study was the anthropological analysis of three German individuals from migration period which were excavated in new, fourth necropolis in Belgrade. Although, skeletal remains were incomplete and fragmentary, we managed to determinate sex and age of each individual (two male and one female adults). To get a complete anthropological picture of buried individuals detailed descriptions of individual skeletal remains for each grave were given. The description comprehended: preservation and completeness of skeletal remains, sex and age estimation, stature estimation dental record, p
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34

Zhang, Tan, Xin Feng, Bo Feng, et al. "CARDIAC TROPONIN T MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNE RESPONSE AND ITS ROLE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3231.

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Abstract Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), a key component of contractile machinery essential for muscle contraction, is also expressed in skeletal muscle under certain conditions (e.g. neuromuscular diseases and aging). We have reported that skeletal muscle cTnT regulates neuromuscular junction denervation preferentially in fast skeletal muscle of old mice. Here, we further report that cTnT is also enriched within some myofibers, and/or along microvascular walls in old mice fast skeletal muscle. Strikingly, immunoglobulin G (IgG), together with markers of complement system activation, cell death (ne
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35

Tuggle, Alexandra, Kathryn Marklein, and Douglas Crews. "Skeletal frailty at Kałdus, a medieval Poland early Piast dynasty cemetery." Collegium antropologicum 45, no. 1 (2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.45.1.2.

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The objective of this project is to assess skeletal frailty, as estimated using a skeletal frailty index (SFI), at the medieval Polish site of Kałdus to better evaluate the impacts of living and social environments on individuals within this urban­izing population. We assessed biological frailty in adults from the Global History of Health Project database. 11 skeletal and dentoalveolar biomarkers were selected as representative of childhood and adulthood frailty and aggregated into an SFI by summing their occurrence in each individual. Cumulative skeletal frailty scores were tabulated for each
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Waddell, Shona J., María C. de Andrés, Penelope M. Tsimbouri, et al. "Biomimetic oyster shell–replicated topography alters the behaviour of human skeletal stem cells." Journal of Tissue Engineering 9 (January 2018): 204173141879400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731418794007.

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The regenerative potential of skeletal stem cells provides an attractive prospect to generate bone tissue needed for musculoskeletal reparation. A central issue remains efficacious, controlled cell differentiation strategies to aid progression of cell therapies to the clinic. The nacre surface from Pinctada maxima shells is known to enhance bone formation. However, to date, there is a paucity of information on the role of the topography of P. maxima surfaces, nacre and prism. To investigate this, nacre and prism topographical features were replicated onto polycaprolactone and skeletal stem cel
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Cordeiro, André V., Rafael S. Brícola, Renata R. Braga, et al. "Aerobic Exercise Training Induces the Mitonuclear Imbalance and UPRmt in the Skeletal Muscle of Aged Mice." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 12 (2020): 2258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa059.

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Abstract The impairment of the mitochondrial functions is a hallmark of aging. During aging, there is a downregulation of two mechanisms strictly associated with mitochondrial integrity, including the mitonuclear imbalance (eg, imbalance in mitochondrial- versus nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins) and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Here, we evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise in the mitonuclear imbalance and UPRmt markers in the skeletal muscle of old mice. We combined the physiological tests, molecular and bioinformatic analyzes to evaluate the effects of 4 wee
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Tribioli, C., and T. Lufkin. "The murine Bapx1 homeobox gene plays a critical role in embryonic development of the axial skeleton and spleen." Development 126, no. 24 (1999): 5699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.24.5699.

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Our previous studies in both mouse and human identified the Bapx1 homeobox gene, a member of the NK gene family, as one of the earliest markers for prechondrogenic cells that will subsequently undergo mesenchymal condensation, cartilage production and, finally, endochondral bone formation. In addition, Bapx1 is an early developmental marker for splanchnic mesoderm, consistent with a role in visceral mesoderm specification, a function performed by its homologue bagpipe, in Drosophila. The human homologue of Bapx1 has been identified and mapped to 4p16.1, a region containing loci for several ske
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39

Rohrer, Gary A., Hiruni R. Wijesena, Brittney N. Keel, Warren M. Snelling, and Clay A. Lents. "42 Awardee Talk: Utilizing Genomics to Understand Skeletal and Mammary Development in Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.019.

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Abstract Embryonic development in mammals is strictly controlled. Yet, anomalies regularly occur within certain species. The pig is one of few species where variation in vertebra numbers frequently occurs. Domesticated lines typically have a greater number of thoracic and/or lumbar vertebra than the number of vertebrae in most mammals. Number of functional teats is also variable in swine and deviation from bilateral symmetry is common. Positive genetic correlations between these two traits have been reported and a gene variant in vertnin affects both traits. To further investigate the genetic
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Isenmann, Eduard, Franziska Blume, Daniel Bizjak, et al. "Comparison of Pro-Regenerative Effects of Carbohydrates and Protein Administrated by Shake and Non-Macro-Nutrient Matched Food Items on the Skeletal Muscle after Acute Endurance Exercise." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (2019): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040744.

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Physical performance and regeneration after exercise is enhanced by the ingestion of proteins and carbohydrates. These nutrients are generally consumed by athletes via whey protein and glucose-based shakes. In this study, effects of protein and carbohydrate on skeletal muscle regeneration, given either by shake or by a meal, were compared. 35 subjects performed a 10 km run. After exercise, they ingested nothing (control), a protein/glucose shake (shake) or a combination of white bread and sour milk cheese (food) in a randomized cross over design. Serum glucose (n = 35), serum insulin (n = 35),
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Laker, Rhianna C., Mary E. Wlodek, Glenn D. Wadley, Linda A. Gallo, Peter J. Meikle та Glenn K. McConell. "Exercise early in life in rats born small does not normalize reductions in skeletal muscle PGC-1α in adulthood". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302, № 10 (2012): E1221—E1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00583.2011.

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We have previously shown that 4 wk of exercise training early in life normalizes the otherwise greatly reduced pancreatic β-cell mass in adult male rats born small. The aim of the current study was to determine whether a similar normalization in adulthood of reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis markers and alterations in skeletal muscle lipids of growth-restricted male rats occurs following early exercise training. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation performed on day 18 of gestation resulted in Restricted offspring born small ( P &lt; 0.05) compared with both sham-operated Controls a
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Tamayo, Tammy, Liliana Grajales та Jesús García. "Commitment of Satellite Cells Expressing the Calcium Channel α2δ1 Subunit to the Muscle Lineage". Journal of Signal Transduction 2012 (29 листопада 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/460842.

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Satellite cells can maintain or repair muscle because they possess stem cell properties, making them a valuable option for cell therapy. However, cell transplants into skeletal muscle of patients with muscular dystrophy are limited by donor cell attachment, migration, and survival in the host tissue. Cells used for therapy are selected based on specific markers present in the plasma membrane. Although many markers have been identified, there is a need to find a marker that is expressed at different states in satellite cells, activated, quiescent, or differentiated cell. Furthermore, the marker
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Branca, Francesco, and Simon Robins. "Markers of skeletal growth—a review of recent findings." Nutrition Bulletin 21, no. 2 (1996): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.1996.tb00644.x.

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Kavazis, Andreas N., Ashley J. Smuder, Kisuk Min, and Scott K. Powers. "Doxorubicin Administration Increases Markers of Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, Suppl 1 (2011): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000401048.61909.ac.

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45

Sorichter, Stephan, Johannes Mair, Arnold Koller, et al. "Skeletal troponin I as a marker of exercise-induced muscle damage." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 4 (1997): 1076–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.4.1076.

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Sorichter, Stephan, Johannes Mair, Arnold Koller, Walter Gebert, Daniel Rama, Charles Calzolari, Erika Artner-Dworzak, and Bernd Puschendorf. Skeletal troponin I as a marker of exercise-induced muscle damage. J. Appl. Physiol.83(4): 1076–1082, 1997.—The utility of skeletal troponin I (sTnI) as a plasma marker of skeletal muscle damage after exercise was compared against creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), and myosin heavy chain (MHC) fragments. These markers were serially measured in normal physical education teacher trainees after four different exercise regimens: 20 min of level or downhil
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Goncalves, Marcus D., Seo-Kyoung Hwang, Chantal Pauli, et al. "Fenofibrate prevents skeletal muscle loss in mice with lung cancer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 4 (2018): E743—E752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1714703115.

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The cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome is a systemic metabolic disorder characterized by the catabolism of stored nutrients in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that is particularly prevalent in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Loss of skeletal muscle results in functional impairments and increased mortality. The aim of the present study was to characterize the changes in systemic metabolism in a genetically engineered mouse model of NSCLC. We show that a portion of these animals develop loss of skeletal muscle, loss of adipose tissue, and increased inflammatory markers mirroring the human c
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Kohno, N., K. Aogi, H. Minami, and S. Takashima. "Efficacy of zoledronic acid versus placebo on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in patients with breast cancer metastatic to bone." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 10559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10559.

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10559 Background: Zoledronic acid reduces the levels of bone markers and the risk of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases. Recently, a correlation between the levels of biochemical markers of bone metabolism and the risk of clinical complications (ie, skeletal complications, disease progression, and death) in patients with bone metastases has been reported. The effect of zoledronic acid on bone marker levels was assessed in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer in a multicenter randomized trial conducted in Japan. Methods: Women with bone metastases secondary to b
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Landa, Rubi. "Dental Enamel Hypoplasias Being Used as Markers to Identify Undocumented Migrants." Electronic Student Journal of Anthropology 17 (January 30, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46787/esjoa.v17i1.2296.

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This paper discusses the implications of using certain skeletal markers when identifying individuals at the United States' southern border. It looks at a broader picture of where migrants are coming from and how these markers form.
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Flis, Damian Jozef, Katarzyna Dzik, Jan Jacek Kaczor, et al. "Swim Training Modulates Mouse Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Ameliorates Reduction in Grip Strength in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 2 (2019): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020233.

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Metabolic reprogramming in skeletal muscles in the human and animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be an important factor in the diseases progression. We hypothesized that swim training, a modulator of cellular metabolism via changes in muscle bioenergetics and oxidative stress, ameliorates the reduction in muscle strength in ALS mice. In this study, we used transgenic male mice with the G93A human SOD1 mutation B6SJL-Tg (SOD1G93A) 1Gur/J and wild type B6SJL (WT) mice. Mice were subjected to a grip strength test and isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria were used to perform
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Kosmas, Kosmas, Zoe Michael, Aimilia Eirini Papathanasiou, et al. "Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (2022): 10912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810912.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious, progressive, and often fatal disease that is in urgent need of improved therapies that treat it. One of the remaining therapeutic challenges is the increasingly recognized skeletal muscle dysfunction that interferes with exercise tolerance. Here we report that in the adult rat Sugen/hypoxia (SU/Hx) model of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH), there is highly significant, almost 50%, decrease in exercise endurance, and this is associated with a 25% increase in the abundance of type II muscle fiber markers, thick sarcomeric aggregates and an in
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