Academic literature on the topic 'Skeletal muscle myocytes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Skeletal muscle myocytes"
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Raeker, Maide Ö., and Mark W. Russell. "Obscurin Depletion Impairs Organization of Skeletal Muscle in Developing Zebrafish Embryos." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/479135.
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During development, skeletal myoblasts differentiate into myocytes and skeletal myotubes with mature contractile structures that are precisely oriented with respect to surrounding cells and tissues. Establishment of this highly ordered structure requires reciprocal interactions between the differentiating myocytes and the surrounding extracellular matrix to form correctly positioned and well-organized attachments from the skeletal muscle to the bony skeleton. Using the developing zebrafish embryo as a model, we examined the relationship between new myofibril assembly and the organization of the membrane domains involved in cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We determined that depletion of obscurin, a giant muscle protein, resulted in irregular cell morphology and disturbed extracellular matrix organization during skeletal muscle development. The resulting impairment of myocyte organization was associated with disturbance of the internal architecture of the myocyte suggesting that obscurin participates in organizing the internal structure of the myocyte and translating those structural cues to surrounding cells and tissues.
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Powers, Scott K. "Exercise: Teaching myocytes new tricks." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 460–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00418.2017.
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Endurance exercise training promotes numerous cellular adaptations in both cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers. For example, exercise training fosters changes in mitochondrial function due to increased mitochondrial protein expression and accelerated mitochondrial turnover. Additionally, endurance exercise training alters the abundance of numerous cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins in both cardiac and skeletal muscle myocytes, resulting in a protective phenotype in the active fibers; this exercise-induced protection of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers is often referred to as “exercise preconditioning.” As few as 3–5 consecutive days of endurance exercise training result in a preconditioned cardiac phenotype that is sheltered against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. Similarly, endurance exercise training results in preconditioned skeletal muscle fibers that are resistant to a variety of stresses (e.g., heat stress, exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inactivity-induced atrophy). Many studies have probed the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning of cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers; these studies are important, because they provide an improved understanding of the biochemical mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced preconditioning, which has the potential to lead to innovative pharmacological therapies aimed at minimizing stress-induced injury to cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review summarizes the development of exercise-induced protection of cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers and highlights the putative mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection in the heart and skeletal muscles.
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Himeda, Charis L., Jeffrey A. Ranish, and Stephen D. Hauschka. "Quantitative Proteomic Identification of MAZ as a Transcriptional Regulator of Muscle-Specific Genes in Skeletal and Cardiac Myocytes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 20 (August 18, 2008): 6521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00306-08.
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ABSTRACT We identified a conserved sequence within the Muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter that is critical for high-level activity in skeletal and cardiac myocytes (MCK Promoter Element X [MPEX]). After selectively enriching for MPEX-binding factor(s) (MPEX-BFs), ICAT-based quantitative proteomics was used to identify MPEX-BF candidates, one of which was MAZ (Myc-associated zinc finger protein). MAZ transactivates the MCK promoter and binds the MPEX site in vitro, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrates enrichment of MAZ at the endogenous MCK promoter and other muscle gene promoters (Skeletal α-actin, Desmin, and α-Myosin heavy chain) in skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Consistent with its role in muscle gene transcription, MAZ transcripts and DNA-binding activity are upregulated during skeletal myocyte differentiation. Furthermore, MAZ was shown to bind numerous sequences (e.g., CTCCTCCC and CTCCACCC) that diverge from the GA box binding motif. Alternate motifs were identified in many muscle promoters, including Myogenin and MEF2C, and one motif was shown to be critical for Six4 promoter activity in both skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Interestingly, MAZ occupies and is able to transactivate the Six4 promoter in skeletal but not cardiac myocytes. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a previously unrecognized role for MAZ in muscle gene regulation.
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Amin, Rajesh H., Suresh T. Mathews, Heidi S. Camp, Liyun Ding, and Todd Leff. "Selective activation of PPARγ in skeletal muscle induces endogenous production of adiponectin and protects mice from diet-induced insulin resistance." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 298, no. 1 (January 2010): E28—E37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00446.2009.
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The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ plays a key role in regulating whole body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Although it is expressed most highly in adipose, it is also present at lower levels in many tissues, including skeletal muscle. The role muscle PPARγ plays in metabolic regulation and in mediating the antidiabetic effects of the thiazolidinediones is not understood. The goal of this work was to examine the molecular and physiological effects of PPARγ activation in muscle cells. We found that pharmacological activation of PPARγ in primary cultured myocytes, and genetic activation of muscle PPARγ in muscle tissue of transgenic mice, induced the production of adiponectin directly from muscle cells. This muscle-produced adiponectin was functional and capable of stimulating adiponectin signaling in myocytes. In addition, elevated skeletal muscle PPARγ activity in transgenic mice provided a significant protection from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and associated changes in muscle phenotype, including reduced myocyte lipid content and an increase in the proportion of oxidative muscle fiber types. Our findings demonstrate that PPARγ activation in skeletal muscle can have a significant protective effect on whole body glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance and that myocytes can produce and secrete functional adiponectin in a PPARγ-dependent manner. We propose that activation of PPARγ in myocytes induces a local production of adiponectin that acts on muscle tissue to improve insulin sensitivity.
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Bers, D. M., and V. M. Stiffel. "Ratio of ryanodine to dihydropyridine receptors in cardiac and skeletal muscle and implications for E-C coupling." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 264, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): C1587—C1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.6.c1587.
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We measured dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RYR) density in isolated ventricular myocytes from rabbits, rats, ferrets, and guinea pigs and also from rabbit ventricular homogenate, skeletal muscle homogenate, and isolated triads. In skeletal muscle homogenate and triads the RYR/DHPR ratio was 0.7 and 0.52, respectively. This stoichiometry is reasonably consistent with excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling models in skeletal muscle where the DHPR molecule itself may transmit the signal for Ca release to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and with the molecular arrangement proposed for toadfish swimbladder from ultrastructural studies by B. A. Block, T. Imagawa, K. P. Campbell, and C. Franzini-Armstrong. (J. Cell Biol. 107: 2587-2600, 1988). That is, there could be approximately two RYR for each four DHPR or two RYR feet per DHPR tetrad in an organized array (assuming 1 high-affinity RYR/foot and 4 DHPR/tetrad). The fraction of rabbit ventricular protein that is cardiac myocyte protein was also estimated (< or = 55-62%), assuming that RYR and DHPR are useful but not exclusive markers for myocytes in the ventricle. In cardiac myocytes the RYR/DHPR was much higher than in skeletal muscle and varied among different mammalian myocytes. The RYR/DHPR ratios were 3.7 in rabbit, 4.3 in guinea pig, 7.3 in rat, and 10.2 in ferret myocytes. In contrast to skeletal muscle, these results indicate that there are many more RYR feet per DHPR in cardiac muscle, and this ratio depends on species (i.e., 4-10 times and would be 4 times higher still per putative DHPR tetrad if that structure exists in mammalian heart).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Dubé, John J., Mitch T. Sitnick, Gabriele Schoiswohl, Rachel C. Wills, Mahesh K. Basantani, Lingzhi Cai, Thomas Pulinilkunnil, and Erin E. Kershaw. "Adipose triglyceride lipase deletion from adipocytes, but not skeletal myocytes, impairs acute exercise performance in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 308, no. 10 (May 15, 2015): E879—E890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00530.2014.
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Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme mediating triacylglycerol hydrolysis in virtually all cells, including adipocytes and skeletal myocytes, and hence, plays a critical role in mobilizing fatty acids. Global ATGL deficiency promotes skeletal myopathy and exercise intolerance in mice and humans, and yet the tissue-specific contributions to these phenotypes remain unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the relative contribution of ATGL-mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis in adipocytes vs. skeletal myocytes to acute exercise performance. To achieve this goal, we generated murine models with adipocyte- and skeletal myocyte-specific targeted deletion of ATGL. We then subjected untrained mice to acute peak and submaximal exercise interventions and assessed exercise performance and energy substrate metabolism. Impaired ATGL-mediated lipolysis within adipocytes reduced peak and submaximal exercise performance, reduced peripheral energy substrate availability, shifted energy substrate preference toward carbohydrate oxidation, and decreased HSL Ser660 phosphorylation and mitochondrial respiration within skeletal muscle. In contrast, impaired ATGL-mediated lipolysis within skeletal myocytes was not sufficient to reduce peak and submaximal exercise performance or peripheral energy substrate availability and instead tended to enhance metabolic flexibility during peak exercise. Furthermore, the expanded intramyocellular triacylglycerol pool in these mice was reduced following exercise in association with preserved HSL phosphorylation, suggesting that HSL may compensate for impaired ATGL action in skeletal muscle during exercise. These data suggest that adipocyte rather than skeletal myocyte ATGL-mediated lipolysis plays a greater role during acute exercise in part because of compensatory mechanisms that maintain lipolysis in muscle, but not adipose tissue, when ATGL is absent.
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Hara, Mie, Shinsuke Yuasa, Kenichiro Shimoji, Takeshi Onizuka, Nozomi Hayashiji, Yohei Ohno, Takahide Arai, et al. "G-CSF influences mouse skeletal muscle development and regeneration by stimulating myoblast proliferation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 208, no. 4 (March 21, 2011): 715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20101059.
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After skeletal muscle injury, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages infiltrate the damaged area; this is followed by rapid proliferation of myoblasts derived from muscle stem cells (also called satellite cells). Although it is known that inflammation triggers skeletal muscle regeneration, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor (G-CSFR) is expressed in developing somites. G-CSFR and G-CSF were expressed in myoblasts of mouse embryos during the midgestational stage but not in mature myocytes. Furthermore, G-CSFR was specifically but transiently expressed in regenerating myocytes present in injured adult mouse skeletal muscle. Neutralization of endogenous G-CSF with a blocking antibody impaired the regeneration process, whereas exogenous G-CSF supported muscle regeneration by promoting the proliferation of regenerating myoblasts. Furthermore, muscle regeneration was markedly impaired in G-CSFR–knockout mice. These findings indicate that G-CSF is crucial for skeletal myocyte development and regeneration and demonstrate the importance of inflammation-mediated induction of muscle regeneration.
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Asakura, Atsushi, Patrick Seale, Adele Girgis-Gabardo, and Michael A. Rudnicki. "Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle." Journal of Cell Biology 159, no. 1 (October 14, 2002): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200202092.
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Skeletal muscle contains myogenic progenitors called satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells that have been suggested to be pluripotent. We further investigated the differentiation potential of muscle-derived stem cells and satellite cells to elucidate relationships between these two populations of cells. FACS® analysis of muscle side population (SP) cells, a fraction of muscle-derived stem cells, revealed expression of hematopoietic stem cell marker Sca-1 but did not reveal expression of any satellite cell markers. Muscle SP cells were greatly enriched for cells competent to form hematopoietic colonies. Moreover, muscle SP cells with hematopoietic potential were CD45 positive. However, muscle SP cells did not differentiate into myocytes in vitro. By contrast, satellite cells gave rise to myocytes but did not express Sca-1 or CD45 and never formed hematopoietic colonies. Importantly, muscle SP cells exhibited the potential to give rise to both myocytes and satellite cells after intramuscular transplantation. In addition, muscle SP cells underwent myogenic specification after co-culture with myoblasts. Co-culture with myoblasts or forced expression of MyoD also induced muscle differentiation of muscle SP cells prepared from mice lacking Pax7 gene, an essential gene for satellite cell development. Therefore, these data document that satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells represent distinct populations and demonstrate that muscle-derived stem cells have the potential to give rise to myogenic cells via a myocyte-mediated inductive interaction.
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Murray, Jennifer, and Janice M. Huss. "Estrogen-related receptor α regulates skeletal myocyte differentiation via modulation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 301, no. 3 (September 2011): C630—C645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00033.2011.
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Myocyte differentiation involves complex interactions between signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. The estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) regulate energy substrate uptake, mitochondrial respiration, and biogenesis and may target structural gene programs in striated muscle. However, ERRα's role in regulating myocyte differentiation is not known. ERRα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) are coordinately upregulated with metabolic and skeletal muscle-specific genes early in myogenesis. We analyzed effects of ERRα overexpression and loss of function in myogenic models. In C2C12 myocytes ERRα overexpression accelerated differentiation, whereas XCT790 treatment delayed myogenesis and resulted in myotubes with fewer mitochondria and disorganized sarcomeres. ERRα−/− primary myocytes showed delayed myogenesis, resulting in structurally immature myotubes with reduced sarcomeric assembly and mitochondrial function. However, sarcomeric and metabolic gene expression was unaffected or upregulated in ERRα−/− cells. Instead, ERRα−/− myocytes exhibited aberrant ERK activation early in myogenesis, consistent with delayed myotube formation. XCT790 treatment also increased ERK phosphorylation in C2C12, whereas ERRα overexpression decreased early ERK activation, consistent with the opposing effects of these treatments on differentiation. The transient induction of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which mediates ERK dephosphorylation at the onset of myogenesis, was lost in ERRα−/− myocytes and in XCT790-treated C2C12. The ERRα-PGC-1α complex activates the Dusp1 gene, which encodes MKP-1, and ERRα occupies the proximal 5′ regulatory region during early differentiation in C2C12 myocytes. Finally, treatment of ERRα−/− myocytes with MEK inhibitors rescued normal ERK signaling and myogenesis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that ERRα is required for normal skeletal myocyte differentiation via modulation of MAP kinase signaling.
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Clegg, C. H., and S. D. Hauschka. "Heterokaryon analysis of muscle differentiation: regulation of the postmitotic state." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.2.937.
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MM14 mouse myoblasts withdraw irreversibly from the cell cycle and become postmitotic within a few hours of being deprived of fibroblast growth factor (Clegg, C. H., T. A. Linkhart, B. B. Olwin, and S. D. Hauschka, 1987, J. Cell Biol., 105:949-956). To examine the mechanisms that may regulate this developmental state of skeletal muscle, we tested the mitogen responsiveness of various cell types after their polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion with post-mitotic myocytes. Heterokaryons containing myocytes and quiescent nonmyogenic cells such as 3T3, L cell, and a differentiation-defective myoblast line (DD-1) responded to mitogen-rich medium by initiating DNA synthesis. Myonuclei replicated DNA and reexpressed thymidine kinase. In contrast, (myocyte x G1 myoblast) heterokaryons failed to replicate DNA in mitogen-rich medium and became postmitotic. This included cells with a nuclear ratio of three myoblasts to one myocyte. Proliferation dominance in (myocyte x 3T3 cell) and (myocyte x DD-1) heterokaryons was conditionally regulated by the timing of mitogen treatment; such cells became postmitotic when mitogen exposure was delayed for as little as 6 h after cell fusion. In addition, (myocyte x DD-1) heterokaryons expressed a muscle-specific trait and lost epidermal growth factor receptors when they became postmitotic. These results demonstrate that DNA synthesis is not irreversibly blocked in skeletal muscle; myonuclei readily express proliferation-related functions when provided with a mitogenic signal. Rather, myocyte-specific repression of DNA synthesis in heterokaryons argues that the postmitotic state of skeletal muscle is regulated by diffusible factors that inhibit processes of cellular mitogenesis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skeletal muscle myocytes"
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Chopra, Ines. "Molecular Mechanisms of AMPK- and Akt-Dependent Survival of Glucose-Starved Cardiac Myocytes." Scholarly Repository, 2012. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/710.
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Muscle may experience hypoglycemia during ischemia or insulin infusion. During severe hypoglycemia energy production is blocked and an increase in AMP:ATP activates the energy sensor and putative insulin-sensitizer AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK promotes energy conservation and survival by shutting down anabolism and activating catabolic pathways. We investigated the molecular mechanism of a unique glucose stress defense pathway involving AMPK-dependent, insulin-independent activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Results from my work showed that the central insulin signaling pathway is rapidly activated when cardiac and skeletal myocytes are subjected to conditions of glucose starvation. The effect occurred independently of insulin receptor ligands (insulin and IGF-1). There was a >10-fold increase in the activity of Akt as determined by phosphorylation on both Thr308 and Ser473. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase 3 beta (GSK3b) increased in parallel, but phosphorylation of ribosomal 70S subunit-S6 protein kinase (S6K) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) decreased. We identified AMPK as an intermediate in this signaling network; AMPK was activated by glucose starvation and many of the effects were mimicked by the AMPK-selective activator aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and blocked by AMPK inhibitors. Glucose starvation increased the phosphorylation on IRS-1 on Ser789, but phosphomimetics revealed that this conferred negative regulation. Glucose starvation enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and the insulin receptor, effects that were blocked by AMPK inhibition and mimicked by AICAR. In vitro kinase assays using purified proteins confirmed that the insulin receptor is a direct target of AMPK. Insulin receptor kinase activity was essential for cardiac myocytes to survive gluose starvation as inhibition of the IR led to increased cell death in glucose-starved myocytes. Selective activation of mTORC2 by glucose starvation to increase Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation was dependent on the presence of rictor. SIN1 also seemed to be instrumental in the activation of mTORC2 as its levels and binding to rictor increased under glucose starvation. AMPK-mediated activation of the insulin signaling pathway conferred significant protection against the stresses of glucose starvation. Glucose starvation promoted energy conservation, augmented glucose uptake and enhanced insulin sensitivity in an AMPK- and Akt-dependent manner. My results describe a novel ligand-independent and AMPK-dependent activation of the insulin signaling pathway via direct phosphorylation and activation of the IR followed by activation of PI3K and Akt. These results may be relevant in conditions of myocardial ischemia superimposed with type 2 diabetes where AMPK could directly modify the IR to promote cell survival and confer protection.
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Maier, Michelle. "The role of Zn2+ in insulin signalling and muscle atrophy." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/171022.
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Zn2+ is a broadly utilised ion in biology that has important catalytic, structural and regulatory roles within the cell. Zn2+ distribution in cells is maintained by zinc transporters, Zips and ZnTs, and disruptions in levels of Zn2+ have been associated with insulin resistance and muscle atrophy disorders. Zn2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases and ROS-mediated oxidation of the metal-binding metallothioneins (Mts) causing release of bound Zn2+, however the precise mechanisms are unclear. In the first study of this thesis addition of inhibitors of ROS-generating enzymes, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) showed that only SOD1 inhibition increased short-term insulin-mediated Zn2+ release and increased the expression of Mt1 and 2. These results may suggest that ROS, in particular O2- accumulation through inhibition of SOD1, plays a role in insulin-mediated Zn2+ release. Inhibiting SOD1 prevents the conversion of O2- to H2O2 causing an accumulation of O2- in the cell which oxidises Mts to release Zn2+, thereby increasing Zn2+ levels within the cell. Manipulation of the expression of the zinc transporter Zip-7 has previously been shown to modulate cell signalling and glucose metabolism in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells, warranting further investigation into the role of Zn2+ within insulin signalling. Reducing Zip-7 expression when NOX1 was inhibited caused a decrease in Mt2 expression in response to insulin suggesting an interaction between insulin, Zip-7 and NOX1 activity but this requires further investigation. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a clinical symptom of insulin resistance and diabetes. Muscle atrophy is associated with increases in circulating glucocorticoid levels and accumulation of Zn2+ in muscle. This study investigates if Zn2+ homeostasis is disrupted in glucocorticoid-induced atrophy using C2C12 skeletal muscle cells treated with Dexamethasone (DEX) and iv insulin. Results demonstrate DEX-induced atrophy significantly increased the gene expression of the Mt1&2 and decreased glycogen accumulation when treated with insulin. Both confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed significant increases in free cellular Zn2+ after DEX treatment. Notably, free Zn2+ levels observed with confocal microscopy increased after insulin treatment in control cells but decreased in DEX treated cells. Total cellular Zn2+ was increased by DEX treatment. This demonstrates that DEX causes Zn2+ accumulation in muscle cells and disrupts both Zn2+ homeostasis through blocking insulin-induced Zn2+ release, and insulin-induced glycogen synthesis. This raised the question of whether the same effects of atrophy on Zn2+ homeostasis apply to other cell systems. To investigate this, we examined adipose cells given that these too are involved in insulin resistance and muscle atrophy disorders. In this study we found similar increases in mRNA abundance of Mt1 & 2. Confocal microscopy revealed that DEX treatment caused changes in the distribution of free Zn2+ within peri-nuclear and cytosolic regions of the cell upon stimulation with insulin. Furthermore, investigation into morphometric changes using Oil Red O staining and particle analysis through Coherent Anti-Stokes Ramen Spectrophotometry (CARS) microscopy showed changes in cell and lipid droplet size consistent with reduced lipid turnover in DEX treated cells. These results highlight a potential mechanistic role for Zn2+ in the development of atrophy in 3T3-L1 adipocytes where increased free Zn2+ and its redistribution in cells may inhibit lipid metabolism downstream of insulin signalling. These findings show that insulin-induced Zn2+ release is disrupted by glucocorticoids and this is associated with insulin resistance. Restoring control of Zn2+ homeostasis, possibly through controlling oxidation or manipulating Zn2+ levels directly, may prove beneficial in metabolic disease states such as diabetes.Doctor of Philosophy
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Correra, Rosa Maria. "Pw1/Peg3 regulates skeletal muscle growth and satellite cell self-renewal." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066339.
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Pw1/Peg3 est un gène d’empreinte parental exprimé par l’allèle paternel. Il est exprimé dans l’ensemble des populations de cellules souches, y compris les cellules satellites du tissu musculaire. Nous avons découvert que la perte constitutive de Pw1/Peg3 entraîne une perte de la masse musculaire, résultat d’une diminution du nombre de fibres musculaires. Le nombre de fibres réduit est présent dès la naissance. De plus, les souris double KO ont un nombre de fibres encore inférieur, suggérant que l’allèle maternel est fonctionnel pendant le développement pré-natal, et des analyses de souris hybrides C57BL6J/CAST/Ei révèlent une expression bi-allélique de Pw1/Peg3 d’environ 10%. Pw1/Peg3 est également fortement exprimé après blessure du muscle squelettique. Chez les souris Pw1/Peg3 KO, nous avons observé que les cellules satellites montrent une réduction de leur capacité d’auto-renouvèlement à la suite d’une blessure. Pw1/Peg3 est également exprimé dans une sous-population de cellules souches interstitielles, les PICS. Afin de déterminer le rôle spécifique de Pw1/Peg3 dans les cellules satellites nous avons croisé notre allèle conditionnel Pw1/Peg3 avec la lignée Pax7-Cre-ER. Ces souris ont un phénotype présentant un défaut de régénération prononcé, montrant ainsi un rôle clair et direct de Pw1/Peg3 dans la fonction régénératrice des cellules satellites. En résumé, l’ensemble de ces données montre un rôle de Pw1/Peg3 dans le développement fœtal et la détermination du nombre de fibres musculaires par son action dans l’auto-renouvellement des cellules satellites du tissu musculairePw1/Peg3 is a parentally imprinted gene expressed from the paternal allele. It is expressed in all adult progenitor/stem cell populations examined to date including muscle satellite cells. We examined the impact of loss-of-function of Pw1/Peg3 in skeletal muscle, a tissue that greatly contributes to body mass. We found that constitutive loss of Pw1/Peg3 results in reduced muscle mass resulting from a decrease in muscle fiber number. The reduced fiber number is present at birth. Mice lacking both the paternal and maternal alleles display a lower fiber number as compared to mice carrying the paternal deletion, suggesting that the maternal allele is functional during prenatal development. Hybrid analyses (C57BL6J and Cast/Ei) of muscle tissue reveal a bi-allelic expression of Pw1/Peg3 around 10%. Pw1/Peg3 is strongly up-regulated in response to muscle injury. Using the constitutive Pw1/Peg3 knock out mouse, we observed that satellite cells display a reduced self-renewal capacity following muscle injury. Pw1/Peg3 is expressed in satellite cells as well as a subset of muscle interstitial cells (PICs). To determine the specific role of Pw1/Peg3 in satellite cells, we crossed our conditional Pw1/Peg3 allele with the Pax7-CreER line. Interestingly, these mice displayed a more pronounced phenotype of impaired regeneration revealing a clear and direct role for Pw1/Peg3 in satellite cells. Taken together, our data show that Pw1/Peg3 plays a role during fetal development in the determination of muscle fiber number that is gene-dosage dependent and plays a specific role in muscle satellite cell self-renewal
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Lu, Lin, and 鹿琳. "The involvement of connexin hemichannels and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in acidosis-induced ATP release from skeletal myocytes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208017.
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The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was identified to be involved in acidosis-induced ATP release from skeletal myocytes in vitro and from contracting muscle in vivo. My PhD studies aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism and identify the pathway for ATP release in acidosis-induced CFTR-regulated ATP release.
Lactic acid (10 mM) decreased the intracellular pH of L6 skeletal myocytes to 6.87 ± 0.12 after 3 hours, and the lowered pH resulted in the elevation of ATP release from skeletal myocytes. The acidosis-induced ATP release was totally abolished by GlyH-101 (40 μM), an open-channel CFTR blocker, suggesting that CFTR was involved. The cAMP/PKA signaling pathway was involved in the CFTR-regulated ATP release from skeletal myocytes: 1). Forskolin increased the extracellular ATP and the phosphorylation of CFTR; IBMX, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, further enhanced the forskolin-induced extracellular ATP and phosphorylation of CFTR; 2). Inhibition of PKA by its selective inhibitor KT-5720 abolished the acidosis-induced ATP release and the forskolin-induced phosphorylation of CFTR. In addition, the inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) by amiloride, or inhibition of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) by its specific inhibitors SN-6 and KB-R7943 abolished the lactic-acid-induced ATP release from skeletal myocytes, indicating that NHE and NCX might be involved.
Previous studies demonstrated that Connexin hemichannels and Pannexin channels were able to conduct ATP in response to stimuli. This study found that connexin 43 (Cx43) was strongly expressed on skeletal myocytes, while Pannexin 1 (Panx1) showed a strong expression in gastrocnemius muscle. Investigation of the role that Cx43 may play in acidosis-induced cAMP/PKA-activated CFTR-regulated ATP release from myocytes showed that: 1). Cx43 was immunoprecipitated with CFTR suggesting a physical interaction; 2). The opening of Cx hemichannels was increased by lactic acid and this lactic-acid-induced opening was inhibited by CFTRinh-172, suggesting the mediation of CFTR; 3). Inhibition of Cxs and Panxs with carbenoxolone abolished the acidosis-induced ATP release; moreover, specific silencing of the Cx43 gene using siRNA decreased both basal and acidosis-induced ATP release, suggesting that Cx43 was involved; 4). Overexpression of CFTR alone did not elevate the acidosis-induced ATP release, while overexpression of Cx43 alone doubled the acidosis-induced ATP, and co-overexpression of CFTR and Cx43 further elevated the acidosis-induced ATP release, supporting the concept that Cx43 functionally interacted with CFTR to induce the acidosis-induced ATP release.
Panx1 was studied in native skeletal muscle, and found to be coimmunoprecipitated with CFTR. Inhibition of Panxs with gadolinium or probenecid abolished the muscle-contraction-induced ATP release, while inhibition with carbenoxolone or quinine reduced it to less than 10% of control, suggesting that Panx1 may be involved in the acidosis-induced ATP release during muscle contraction.
All the in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that Cxs and Panx were involved in the acidosis-induced CFTR-regulated ATP release from skeletal myocytes and skeletal muscle.published_or_final_version
Physiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Oita, Radu Cristian. "The role of extracellular form of visfatin (eNAMPT) in modulating stress responses in cultured myocytes as a model of skeletal muscle ageing." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3086/.
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The understanding of the ageing process and of ageing-associated diseases represents a significant challenge for the scientific community, governments and society at large. I identified in skeletal muscle of murine models by microarray an increase in PPAR-β/δ expression during acute phase of hindlimb suspension (accelerated ageing), with a possible compensatory role, and an increase in expression levels of NR4A family of nuclear receptors in the skeletal muscle of caloric restricted rats (decelerated ageing). Adipose tissue has an endocrine role being actively involved in cross-talk with peripheral organs such as skeletal muscle. Visfatin is a recently discovered adipokine with pleiotropic functions. Unlike in other types of cells, in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts exogenous added visfatin (eNampt) did not act as an insulin-mimetic factor as shown by western blot and fluorescent assays. Visfatin treatment of differentiated C2C12 myotubes generated nevertheless an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species as shown by fluorescent microscopy that was dependent on de novo transcription and translation of a new set of genes as revealed by RT-PCR. This increase in oxidative stress was independent of activation of the stress-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as ERK and p38, but dependent on NFkB activation as proved by western blot.
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Moreno-Gonzalez, Alicia. "Mechanical properties of myocardium following cardiomyocyte transplantation into infarcted hearts and investigations of the role of troponin C Ca2+ binding kinetics in skeletal muscle contraction /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8053.
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Collard, Laura. "Rôle du facteur de transcription Srf au cours de l’atrophie du muscle squelettique et dans les cellules satellites." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T068/document.
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Le muscle squelettique adulte est un tissu possédant la capacité fondamentale d’adapter sa taille à la demande fonctionnelle : il peut s’atrophier ou s’hypertrophier en réponse à une variation de la charge mécanique qui lui est appliquée. A l’heure actuelle, les facteurs impliqués dans la plasticité musculaire demeurent méconnus. D’une part, grâce à différents modèles d’atrophie musculaire, nous démontrons que le facteur de transcription Srf joue le rôle de médiateur de la mécano-transduction par la voie actine/Mrtfs/Srf. L’arrêt de l’activité mécanique provoque une accumulation nucléaire d’actine monomérique, une délocalisation de Mrtf-A, coactivateur de Srf, et une diminution de l’activité de Srf, se traduisant notamment par une baisse de la transcription Srf-dépendante. Les gènes cibles de Srf comptant un grand nombre de protéines sarcomériques, telles que l’α-actine squelettique, la réduction de leur expression pourrait participer à l’atrophie musculaire. De plus, nos travaux suggèrent que la diminution de l’activité de Srf pourrait influencer l’organisation du réseau mitochondrial et le flux autophagique par des mécanismes qui restent à élucider. D’autre part, en tirant parti d’un modèle d’invalidation conditionnelle et inductible de Srf dans les cellules satellites, nous montrons que le phénomène d’hypertrophie compensatoire requiert l’expression de Srf par les cellules satellites. L’absence de Srf n’altère ni la prolifération ni l’entrée en différenciation des myoblastes, néanmoins elle provoque un défaut de fusion des myoblastes aux fibres au cours de l’hypertrophie induite par surcharge. Ainsi, nos travaux démontrent que Srf est un acteur majeur de la plasticité musculaire, à la fois en tant que médiateur de la mécano-transduction par la voie actine/Mrtfs/Srf et par son implication dans la fusion des cellules satellites aux fibres musculaires, nécessaire à l’hypertrophie compensatoireAdult skeletal muscle is able to adapt its size to functional demand. It can undergo atrophy or hypertrophy according to mechanical load. To date, the molecules that mediate muscle plasticity remain unclear.Using different models inducing muscle atrophy, we show that the transcription factor Srf is a mediator of mechanotransduction through the actin/Mrtfs/Srf pathway. Mechanical load abolition leads to G-actin nuclear accumulation, delocalization of Mrtf-A, an Srf coactivator, and Srf activity downregulation. This results in a decrease in Srf-dependent transcription. Many Srf target genes encode sarcomeric proteins such as α-skeletal actin, thus a downregulation of Srf-dependent transcription could participate to muscle atrophy. In addition, our results suggest that Srf activity decrease could affect mitochondrial network organization and autophagic flux in a way that remains to be determined. Besides, using a satellite cell-specific conditional and inducible Srf knockout, we show that overload hypertrophy requires Srf expression by satellite cells. Myoblasts proliferation and early differentiation are not altered by Srf loss. However, mutant myoblasts are unable to fuse with myofibers during overload hypertrophy. Altogether, our results demonstrate that Srf is an important player in skeletal muscle plasticity: it is a mediator of mechanotransduction via the actin/Mrtfs/Srf pathway and its expression by satellite cells is required for myoblasts to fuse with myofibers during overload hypertrophy
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Gueugneau, Marine. "Altérations du muscle squelettique humain lors du vieillissement associé ou non au syndrome métabolique et identification de nouveaux marqueurs." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM06.
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Le vieillissement musculaire (sarcopénie) conduit inéluctablement à une perte d'autonomie, et à une moindre capacité à lutter contre les agressions métaboliques. Or, les mécanismes mis en jeu sont complexes et restent mal connus. Ainsi, au cours de cette thèse, une étude protéomique comparative a été développée afin d'identifier de nouveaux biomarqueurs potentiels de la sarcopénie chez la femme âgée post-ménopausée, et 73 protéines exprimées différentiellement dans le muscle âga ont été identifiées. En plus des altérations du muscle squelettique, l'âge est connu comme étant un facteur favorisant l'apparition du syndrome métabolique (SM), facteur de risque pour les maladies cardiovasculaires et le diabète de type II. Cependant, les effets du SM sur le muscle squelettique des personnes âgées sont peu décrits dans la littérature. Des marquages immunohistologiques ont été réalisés à partir de biopsies du muscle vastus lateralis provenant de personnes jeunes (25 ans) et âgées avec ou sans SM (75 ans), afin de décrire les altérations structurales et fonctionnelles du muscle squelettique liées à l'âge et au MS. Les résultats montrent une atrophie des fibres de type II ayant une déformation accrue lors du vieillissement. Chez les personnes âgées atteintes de SM, l'aire des fibres est augmentée par rapport aux personnes âgées contrôles, et une forte diminution de l'activité cytochrome c oxydase a été observée. De plus, le vieillissement et plus particulièrement le SM sont associés à une forte accumulation de lipides intramusculaires. Enfin, alors que peu de différences ont été observées chez les personnes âgées contrôles, le contenu en capillaire est fortement altéré chez les individus atteints de SM. Par la suite, une étude protéomique comparative a permis d'identifier 42 biomarqueurs potentiellement impliqués dans le vieillissement musculaire et/ou dans le syndrome métabolique. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse devrait permettre d'améliorer notre compréhension des facteurs impliqués dans le développement de la sarcopénie, et pourrait permettre d'identifier à la fois de nouvelles voies de régulation et suggérer des cibles thérapeutiques potentiellesMuscle aging (sarcopenia) contributes to both loss of autonomy and decreased capacity to prevent metabolic aggressions, but the mechanisms involved are complex and remain unclear. Therefore in this thesis, we have undertaken a top-down differential proteomic approach to reveal novel potential biomarkers of sarcopenia, and 73 differentially expressed proteins were identified. In addition to alterations of skeletal muscle, aging favors metabolic syndrome (MS), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. However, the effects of MS on skeletal muscle in old individuals have poorly been investigated. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from young (25 years) and old (75 years) men with and without MS, to reveal the importance of age-dependent and MS-associated modifications on fiber-type characteristics. An atrophy of type-II fibers and altered fiber shape characterized muscle aging in lean healthy men. In contrast, increased cross sectional area of fibers, and reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in all fiber types characterized MS, even in active elderly men. Moreover, aging and particularly MS were associated with accumulation of intramyocellular lipid droplets. Finally, while few differences were observed in lean healthy men, the capillary supply was strongly altered in old men with MS. Thereafter, a differential proteomic approach identified 42 potential biomarkers implicated in muscle aging and/or in metabolic syndrome. Overall the results obtained in this thesis may improve our understanding of the factors influencing sarcopenia, and may both identify new regulatory pathways and provide potential therapeutical targets
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Croissant, Coralie. "Le rôle des Annexines dans la réparation membranaire des cellules musculaires squelettiques humaines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0316/document.
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Les dystrophies musculaires sont un groupe de pathologies génétiques qui cause une faiblesse et une perte progressive des muscles squelettiques. Parmi elles, la dystrophie des ceintures de type 2B (LGMD2B) est caractérisée par des mutations dans le gène de la dysferline, entrainant de sévères dysfonctionnements, dont un défaut de réparation membranaire. Les ruptures de la membrane plasmique sont des évènements physiologiques induits par des contraintes mécaniques, comme lors de la contraction des fibres musculaires. Les cellules eucaryotes possèdent donc une machinerie protéique assurant une réparation rapide de larges ruptures membranaires. La liste exhaustive des composants de la machinerie de réparation et leur mode d’action reste à établir.Les annexines (Anx) sont de petites protéines solubles, au nombre de 12 chez les mammifères, qui partagent la propriété de lier les membranes exposant des phospholipides chargés négativement en présence de Ca2+. De nombreuses études ont montré l’implication de certaines Anx (AnxA1, A2, A4, A5, A6 et A7) dans la réparation membranaire de différents types cellulaires (muscle, cancer, endothélium…) et dans différentes espèces (souris, poisson-zèbre, homme…). La présence des Anx dans le muscle squelettique, et la participation de plusieurs membres de cette famille dans la réparation membranaire, soulèvent la question d’un rôle collectif de ces protéines dans la protection et la réparation des ruptures du sarcolemme.Les objectifs de ce travail ont été 1) d’identifier les Anx impliquées dans la réparation membranaire des cellules musculaires squelettiques humaines, 2) développer une stratégie de microscopie corrélative pour étudier le site de rupture et la distribution subcellulaire des Anx à haute résolution, 3) élucider la fonction des Anx dans le mécanisme de réparation, et 4) analyser les Anx dans des cellules musculaires dystrophiques. Avec des approches en biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, et en microscopie de fluorescence et électronique, nous avons donc étudié le comportement des Anx lors d’un dommage du sarcolemme.Nous avons ainsi montré que les AnxA1, A2, A4, A5 et A6 sont exprimées dans les myoblastes et les myotubes humains, et sont recrutées au site de rupture quelques secondes après le dommage, en formant une structure dense à l’extérieur du myotube endommagé appelé domaine « cap ». De plus, nous avons pu déterminer l’ordre relatif de recrutement des Anx au site membranaire endommagé. Les premières Anx à être recrutées sont l’AnxA1, suivies des AnxA6 et A5, les moins sensibles au Ca2+. Les dernières Anx recrutées sont les plus sensibles au Ca2+, les AnxA4 puis A2, qui semblent se lier à des vésicules intracellulaires initialement éloignées du site de rupture. Nous avons également étudié l’ultrastructure du site de rupture à haute résolution. Nos résultats ont révélé que le domaine « cap » correspondait à une accumulation de matériel membranaire qui est associé au Anx. En s’appuyant sur nos résultats et la littérature, nous avons proposé un modèle de réparation membranaire, impliquant les AnxA1, A2, A4, A5 et A6, dans les cellules musculaires squelettiques humaines. Nous nous sommes également intéressés à l’expression des Anx dans des lignées de cellules musculaires dystrophiques issues de patients atteints de dystrophies musculaires des ceintures de type 2B (déficients en dysferline) et 1C (déficients en cavéoline-3). Nous avons ainsi montré que le contexte pathologique perturbait l’expression de certaines Anx, sans en modifier leur localisation subcellulaire.En conclusion, ce travail de thèse montre que plusieurs membres de la famille des Anx sont impliqués dans la réparation membranaire, et agissent de concert pour réparer un dommage de la membrane plasmique. L’implication des Anx dans d’autres pathologies, comme le cancer et la pré-éclampsie, renforce l’intérêt de leur étude dans les processus de réparation membranaire et en font une cible thérapeutique potentielleMuscular dystrophy encompasses a group of genetic disorders which cause progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal muscle. Among them, limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B) is characterized by mutations in the dysferlin gene leading to several dysfunctions including a failure in cell membrane repair process. Cell membrane disruption is a physiological phenomenon induced by mechanical stress, such as contraction of muscle fibers. Thus, eukaryotic cells have a repair protein machinery ensuring a rapid resealing of large cell membrane ruptures. The exhaustive list of components of the repair machinery and their interplay remain to be established.The annexin (Anx) family consists of twelve soluble proteins in mammals and share the property of binding to membranes exposing negatively charged phospholipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Several studies have shown the involvement of Anx (AnxA1, A2, A4, A5, A6 and A7) in membrane repair of different cell types (muscle, cancer, endothelium…) in different species (mouse, zebrafish, human…). The presence of different Anx in skeletal muscle, together with the participation of several members of the Anx family in membrane repair processes, raise the question of a collective role of these proteins in the protection and repair of sarcolemma injuries.The PhD project aimed 1) at identifying Anx that are essential for membrane repair in human skeletal muscle cells, 2) developing a correlative light and electron microscopy to study the wounded site and the Anx distribution at high resolution, 3) elucidating the function of each Anx in this process and 4) analyzing Anx in dystrophic muscle cells. Using approaches including cellular and molecular biology, fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, we studied the behavior of Anx during sarcolemma damage.We showed that AnxA1, A2, A4, A5 and A6 are expressed in human myoblasts and myotubes, and are recruited at the disruption site within seconds after the sarcolemmal damage, forming a dense structure outside the cell, named the “cap” domain. Furthermore, we determined the relative order of Anx recruitment at the disruption site. The first Anx recruited are AnxA1, followed by AnxA6 and A5, the less sensitive to Ca2+. The last Anx recruited are the most sensitive to Ca2+, AnxA4 and A2. AnxA2 and A4 are instead rapidly recruited to intracellular vesicles present deeper in the cytosol. We also studied the ultrastructure of the disruption site at high resolution. Our results revealed that the “cap” domain correspond to a disorganized membrane structure, associated with the Anx. Thanks to our results and the literature, we have proposed a model for membrane repair involving Anx in human skeletal muscle cells. We also looked at the expression of Anx in dystrophic muscle cell lines from patients with limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (dysferline deficient) and 1C (deficient in cadaveoline-3). We have thus shown that the pathological context disrupts the expression of some Anx, without altering their subcellular location.In conclusion, this work shows that several members of the Anx family are involved in membrane repair and act together to repair plasma membrane damage. The implication of Anx in other pathologies, such as preeclampsia or cancer, reinforces the interest of their study in the process of membrane repair
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Fröjdö, Sara. "Functional relationship between insulin signalling pathways, the protein deacetylase SIRT1 and the polyphenol resveratrol : studies in skeletal muscle cells and C. elegans." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10019.
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La caractérisation des mécanismes moléculaires exacts de la signalisation de l'insuline est très importante pour comprendre, traiter et prévenir le diabète de type 2. Le deacetylase SIRT1 est une protéine récemment découverte qui est impliquée dans la régulation métabolique, comme dans la sécrétion de l'insuline et l'homéostasie glucidique. Un des activateurs de SIRT1, le resvératrol, a des effets bénéfiques sur la santé, dont une amélioration de la sensibilité à l'insuline et une durée de vie prolongée. Cependant, l'interaction exacte entre la signalisation de l'insuline, SIRT1 et le resvératrol n'est pas connue. Par conséquent j'ai étudié au cours de ma thèse l'impact du resvératrol et de SIRT1 sur la voie de signalisation de l'insuline, principalement dans des cellules musculaires mais aussi in vivo dans le modèle expérimentale du nématode C.elegans. J'ai pu montrer que le resvératrol est un inhibiteur class IA-spécifique de la PI3K. Le resveratrol inhibe aussi l'installation d'une insulino-résistance, peut-être par l'inhibition des protéines kinases comme JNK, diminuant ainsi la phosphorylation en sérine des IRS. Nous montrons aussi que SIRT1 intensifie la signalisation de l'insuline, probablement par l'interaction avec le complexe IRS-PI3K. L'interaction de SIR-2.1, l'homologue de SIRT1, avec la PI3K joue aussi un rôle important dans la régulation de la durée de vie de C.elegansCharacterisation of the exact molecular mechanisms of insulin signalling is of great importance in understanding, treating and preventing type 2 diabetes. The recently discovered deacetylase SIRT1 is implicated in several metabolic regulation mechanisms, including insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. The SIRT1 activator resveratrol also has beneficial metabolic effects, including improved insulin sensitivity and prolonged lifespan. However, the exact interplay of insulin signalling, SIRT1 and resveratrol is not known. I have therefore studied the impact of resveratrol and SIRT1 on the insulin signalling pathway, mainly in muscle cells, but also in the living model C.elegans. This work has allowed me to show that resveratrol is an isoform-specific PI3K inhibitor. Resveratrol also inhibited instalment of insulin resistance, possible through inhibition of kinases like JNK thereby reducing the IRS serine phosphorylation. We also showed that SIRT1 potentiates insulin signalling, probably through interaction with IRS-PI3K. The interaction with SIR-2.1, the SIRT1 homolog, is important also in PI3K-mediated lifespan regulation in C.elegans
Book chapters on the topic "Skeletal muscle myocytes"
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Williamson, John R., Andrew P. Thomas, Rebecca J. Williams, Janette Alexander, and Mary A. Selak. "Calcium Compartmentation and Regulation in Myocytes." In Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics, 573–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5107-8_44.
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Brierley, Gerald P., William C. Wenger, and Ruth A. Altschuld. "Heart Myocytes as Models of the Cellular Response to Ischemia." In Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics, 303–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5107-8_23.
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Umeda, P. K., R. L. Carter, R. S. Hall, J. M. Welborn, and L. B. Bugaisky. "Regulation of the Myosin Heavy Chain & Promoter in Skeletal and Cardiac Myocytes." In The Dynamic State of Muscle Fibers, edited by Dirk Pette, 61–74. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110884784-008.
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Frampton, James E., Simon M. Harrison, and Clive H. Orchard. "[Ca2+] and [Na+] in Rat Ventricular Myocytes Showing Negative and Positive Force Frequency Relationships." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, 335–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3362-7_29.
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Bates, Susan E., and Alison M. Gurney. "Modulation of L-Type Calcium Current in Mammalian Ventricular Myocytes by Photolysis of Caged Calcium." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, 385–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3362-7_46.
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Horackova, Magda, and Andrzej Beresewicz. "Effect of Free Radicals on Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Isolated Rat and Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, 333–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3362-7_28.
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Campbell, Donald L., Yusheng Qu, Randall L. Rasmusson, and Harold C. Strauss. "‘Reverse Use-Dependent’ Effects of 4-Aminopyridine on the Transient Outward Potassium Current in Ferret Right Ventricular Myocytes." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, 357–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3362-7_37.
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Isenberg, G., V. Ya Ganitkevich, and P. Schneider. "Ca2+ Influx Through Voltage- and Purinoceptor-Operated Channels Estimated from [Ca2+]C Signals (Myocytes from Guinea-Pig Urinary Bladder)." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle, 369–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3362-7_41.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Skeletal muscle myocytes"
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Cassino, Theresa R., Masaho Okada, Lauren Drowley, Johnny Huard, and Philip R. LeDuc. "Mechanical Stimulation Improves Muscle-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation for Cardiac Repair." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192941.
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Muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) have been successfully transplanted into both skeletal (1) and cardiac muscle (2) of dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice, and show potential for improving cardiac and skeletal dysfunction in diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Our previous study explored the regeneration of dystrophin-expressing myocytes following MDSC transplantation into environments with distinct blood flow and chemical/mechanical stimulation attributes. After MDSC transplantation within left ventricular myocardium and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles of the same mdx mice, significantly more dystrophin-positive fibers were found within the myocardium than in the GN. We hypothesized that the differences in mechanical loading of the two environments influenced the transplantation and explored whether using MDSCs exposed to mechanical stimulation prior to transplantation could improve transplantation. Our study shows increased engraftment into the heart and GN muscle for cells pretreated with mechanical stretch for 24 hours. This increase was significant for transplantation into the heart. These studies have implications in a variety of applications including mechanotransduction, stem cell biology, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Knapp, AE, K. Tang, MC Hogan, PD Wagner, and EC Breen. "Skeletal Myocyte-Specific VEGF Gene Deletion in Adult, Cage-Confined Mice Does Not Affect Muscle Capillarity." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4192.
Full textReports on the topic "Skeletal muscle myocytes"
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Jalil, Yorschua, and Ruvistay Gutierrez. Myokines secretion and their role in critically ill patients. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0048.
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Review question / Objective: 1-How and by which means stimulated muscle from critically ill patients can liberate myokines?, 2-Which are the main characteristics of the critically ill population studied and if some of these influenced myokine´s secretion?, 5-Can myokines exert local or distant effects in critically ill patients?, 5-Which are the potential effects of myokines in critically ill patients? Eligibility criteria: Participants and context: We will include primary studies (randomized or non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case report) that consider hospitalized critically ill adult patients (18 years or older) in risk for developing some degree of neuromuscular disorders such as ICU-AW, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, therefore the specific setting will be critical care. Concept: This review will be focused on studies regarding the secretion or measure of myokines or similar (exerkines, cytokines or interleukin) by any mean of muscle activation or muscle contraction such as physical activity, exercise or NMES, among others. The latter strategies must be understood as any mean by which muscle, and there for myocytes, are stimulated as result of muscle contraction, regardless of the frequency, intensity, time of application and muscle to be stimulated (upper limb, lower limb, thoracic or abdominal muscles). We also will consider myokine´s effects, local or systemic, over different tissues in terms of their structure or function, such as myocytes function, skeletal muscle mass and strength, degree of muscle wasting or myopathies, among others.