Academic literature on the topic 'Skeletal system'

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Journal articles on the topic "Skeletal system"

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Huang, Deng Yang. "The cloud classroom of the skeletal system." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (August 26, 2017): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i1.2267.

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Kapoor, Nikhil, and Vandana Chaddha. "Fetal Skeletal System." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4, no. 4 (2010): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1159.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence of skeletal dysplasias is between 1 and 2000, and 1 and 4000 live births. While here are over 200 skeletal dysplasias approximately four disorders comprise 70% of the total: Achondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, and achondrogenesis. The appropriate identification of lethal skeletal dysplasia is important not only for current pregnancy management, but also for genetic counseling concerning future pregnancies. Detection of skeletal dysplasias is usually possible by prenatal ultrasound, an accurate specific diagnosis is possible by radiologic, pathologic and molecular genetic examination. A total body ultrasound approach should include assessment of the following: Limbs, long bones and extremities, bone mineralization, any joint contractures, joint dislocations, fetal calvarium, spine and thorax.
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Gerçek, Cem. "Modelling the Subjects of Skeletal and Muscular System: Mobile Applications." Journal of Qualitative Research in Education 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.7c1s.10m.

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Jain, AnilK. "Tuberculosis of the skeletal system." Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 50, no. 3 (2016): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.181778.

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Nayak, Tusar Kanti, Snigdha Pattanaik, Smruti Bhusan Nanda, Noorjahan Mohammad, Subhrajeet Narayan Sahoo, and Abhik Sinha. "Skeletal Anchorage System in Orthodontics." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 9, no. 12 (2018): 2491. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.02143.5.

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Thalgott, John S., Max Aebi, and Henry LaRocca. "Internal Spinal Skeletal Fixation System." Orthopedics 11, no. 10 (October 1988): 1465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19881001-15.

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Olszewski, Henryk, Wiktoria Wojnicz, and Edmund Wittbrodt. "Method of Skeletal System Modelling." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/meceng-2013-0022.

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Abstract An original method of skeletal system modelling is presented in detail. Using DICOM images obtained from CT and PET tests, shell models of nine bones were created (humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, clavicle, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis). Two methods of bone behaviour are also proposed, the first method treating the bone as a solid structure and the second method treating the bone as a complex porous structure. The behaviour of model parts is numerically examined by using the finite element method
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Verma, Kushagra, Prakash Sitoula, Peter Gabos, Kerry Loveland, James Sanders, Satyendra Verma, and Suken A. Shah. "Simplified Skeletal Maturity Scoring System." Spine 39, no. 26 (December 2014): E1592—E1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000000653.

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Bohndorf, Klaus. "Infection of the Skeletal System." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 8, no. 3 (August 2004): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-835358.

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Bubenik, Loretta J. "Infections of the Skeletal System." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 35, no. 5 (September 2005): 1093–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.05.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skeletal system"

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Shue, Guay-Haur. "System models of skeletal muscle." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1058448071.

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Martins, Da Silva Geraldes Diogo Miguel. "Orthotropic modelling of the skeletal system." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/13813.

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The femur‘s shape, geometry and internal structure are the result of bone‘s functional adaptation to resist the mechanical environment arising from different daily activities. Many studies have attempted to explain how this adaptation occurs by embedding bone remodelling algorithms in finite element (FE) models. However, simplifications have been introduced to the representation of bone‘s material symmetry and mechanical environment. Trabecular adaptation to the shear stresses that arise from multiple load cases has also been overlooked. This thesis proposes a novel iterative 3D adaptation algorithm to predict the femur‘s material properties distribution and directionality of its internal structures at a continuum level. Bone was modelled as a strain-driven adaptive continuum with local orthotropic symmetry and optimised Young‘s and shear moduli. The algorithm was applied to the Multiple Load Case 3D Femur Model, a FE model of a whole femur, with muscles and ligaments spanning between the hip and knee joints included explicitly. Several artificial structures were included to allow for more physiological modelling of the femur‘s mechanical behaviour. Multiple load cases representing different instances of daily activities were considered. The model‘s positioning and applied inter-segmental loading were extracted from a validated musculo-skeletal model. The mechanical envelope produced by the FE model was matched up with published studies and the model‘s suitability as a platform for the prediction of bone adaptation was confirmed. The resulting material properties distributions were compared against CT data of a human femur specimen and published studies. Furthermore, the predicted directionality of the femur‘s internal structures was validated by comparison with micro CT data of the proximal and distal regions of the same specimen. It was concluded that the proposed model can reliably produce the observed optimised structures in the femur. It is recommended that multiple activities and different instances of each load case should be considered when attempting to model bone‘s adaptation. The final result of this work is a physiological orthotropic heterogeneous model of the femur. This method has the potential to be an invaluable tool in achieving a more thorough understanding of bone‘s structural material properties, improving the knowledge we have of its mechanical behaviour.
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Cherry, Shirley J. "Radiographic Pathology of the Skeletal System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2481.

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Xia, Jinjun. "Optical characterization of skeletal muscles." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5965.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 18, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Bandstra, Eric R. yan. "The spaceflight environment and the skeletal system." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219953602/.

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Peoples, Gregory Edward. "Skeletal muscle fatigue can omega-3 fatty acids optimise skeletal muscle function? /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20041217.123607.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2004.
Typescript. This thesis is subject to a 12 month embargo (06/09/05 - 14/09/05) and may only be viewed and copied with the permission of the author. For further information please contact the Archivist. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 195-216.
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Fry, William Mark. "K+ channels in Xenopus skeletal muscle /." St. John's NF : [s.n.], 2001.

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Dempsey, George John. "Modelling the musculo-skeletal system using myoelectric signals." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329565.

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Drew, Rose. "Managing human skeletal collections : a rapid assessment system." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2015. http://repository.winchester.ac.uk/855/.

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Research Imperative: This project describes an observation-based protocol to rapidly assess skeletonised human remains. Up to 60% of British museums are unaware of the quality and quantity of their holdings; almost all lack databases. Thousands of remains are disturbed annually during commercial and private development, but funding, time and skills rarely align to provide basic assessments, a true impediment to research. Several well-known collections are examined repeatedly, with others under-studied or inspected randomly; data accumulates haphazardly as scholars research specific questions. A rapid assessment system is needed. Aims: This ‘Rapid Assessment System’ (RAS) aims to capture information using affordable and available resources: curators, students and volunteers. RAS answer sheets offer multiple options using non-specialist language. In this way, basic data about a skeleton can be collected. Methods: Volunteers without osteological training were provided with RAS answer sheets and specimen skeletons to examine. Observations were ‘correct’ when in agreement with the author. The RAS was divided into an Inventory segment, assessing presence, absence and condition of skeletal elements, and assessing traits associated with age and sex; and a Paleopathology segment assessing normal and abnormal appearance of teeth and bones. In Winchester, 37 volunteers (undergraduates, semi-retired amateur archaeologists) trialed the RAS over three weekly two-hour sessions, with 22 volunteers assessing at least three skeletons: 91 RAS answer sheets were analysed. Results: Pooling results for all three weeks, volunteers were correct 70.4% of the time for Inventory, and 75.3% of the time in the third week. Paleopathology results were mixed: some participants attained 85.2% correct, others less than 10%. Overall condition of remains, a primary assessment recommended by English Heritage enjoyed 90% success (score of 81 from 91 forms). Assessing skull condition was correct 96.2% (87.5/91). Differentiating between ‘robust’, ‘gracile’ and ‘moderate’ long bones was 79.7% effective (72.5/91); recognising tooth wear (none, mild, moderate) accomplished 78.6% (71.5/91). Robusticity and dental wear inform on estimations of sex and age at death. Implications: Basic data can be accurately amassed by novices. Two separate forms are proposed: Inventory for general use; complex Paleopathology assessments for workers with some training or considerable patience. The Paleopathology segment can act as an aid for early-stage researchers and students and help them avoid missing out observations when examining large collections. The RAS can be tailored to assess specific diseases such as leprosy or tuberculosis. Future versions should utilise electronic formats to simplify processing. If adopted by commercial firms, universities and museums, data can be captured, permitting information to be shared, and reducing handling of these delicate, poignant and unique ‘artefacts’.
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Noone, Gregory P. "Biomechanical modelling of some musculo-skeletal problems /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn817.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, 1994.
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted at back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-220).
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Books on the topic "Skeletal system"

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Ruth, Jelley, ed. Skeletal system. Collingwood, ON: Saunders Book Co., 2008.

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B, Silverstein Virginia, and Silverstein Robert A, eds. Skeletal system. New York: Twenty-first Century Books, 1994.

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Haywood, Karen. Skeletal system. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2009.

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Manolis, Kay. Skeletal system. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2009.

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Roza, Greg. The skeletal system. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2012.

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Publishers, Chelsea House, ed. The skeletal system. New York, NY: Chelsea House Publishers, 1995.

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Jakab, Cheryl. The skeletal system. North Mankato, MN: Smart Apple, 2006.

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Houghton, Gillian. The skeletal system. New York: PowerKids Press, 2007.

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Domnauer, Teresa. The skeletal system. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2003.

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Olivier, Pourquié, ed. The skeletal system. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Skeletal system"

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Elgazzar, Abdelhamid H., and Ismet Sarikaya. "Skeletal System." In Nuclear Medicine Companion, 91–154. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76156-5_4.

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Gilbert-Barness, Enid, Diane E. Spicer, and Thora S. Steffensen. "Skeletal System." In Handbook of Pediatric Autopsy Pathology, 521–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6711-3_18.

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Klingensmith, William C. "Skeletal System." In The Mathematics and Biology of the Biodistribution of Radiopharmaceuticals - A Clinical Perspective, 235–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26704-3_19.

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Slongo, Theddy. "Skeletal System." In Pediatric Surgery Digest, 735–800. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34033-1_38.

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Elgazzar, Abdelhamid H. "Skeletal System." In A Concise Guide to Nuclear Medicine, 89–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19426-9_7.

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Holliman, John H. "Skeletal System." In Oklahoma Notes, 173–76. New York, NY: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0435-7_17.

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Ludwig, Jurgen. "Skeletal System." In Handbook of Autopsy Practice, 95–99. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-286-9_8.

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Hall, Christine M., and Sundara Lingam. "Skeletal System." In Diagnostic Paediatric Imaging, 137–200. London: Springer London, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3125-0_6.

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Aspinall, V., M. Cappello, and C. Phillips. "Skeletal system." In Introduction to animal and veterinary anatomy and physiology, 31–45. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241150.0031.

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Sun, Xichun. "Skeletal System." In Well-Differentiated Malignancies, 33–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1692-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skeletal system"

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Hou, Suyu, and Karthik Ramani. "Dynamic Query Interface for 3D Shape Search." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57687.

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Our 3D Engineering Shape Search System (3DESS), which uses the skeletal graph as one of its shape features to represent objects, has revealed the potential of graph-based representation for searching 3D models. In this paper, a dynamic user interface, which allows a user to customize the query by reusing the existing skeletal graph, shows another merit of the skeletal graph representation. This innovative user interface serves two purposes: (i) an iconic object for sketching and visualizing the skeletal abstraction, which is a 3D geometric representation of the skeletal graph, and (ii) a dynamic query interface which enables the user to customize the skeletal abstraction of the retrieved model as a new query. In order to more closely represent the original model and more precisely evaluate the shape similarity during the search process, a method of refining the preliminary skeletal graph is presented and implemented. This process elaborates the skeletal abstraction to be closer to the shape of the model. Thus, the skeletal graph contains both the essential topology and the geometry information of the original model. The results show that the retrieved skeletal abstraction matches the skeleton of the original model effectively, and the search retrieval based on the customized skeletal graph is sensitive to the user’s intention.
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Ashwini, K., R. Amutha, and S. Aswin raj. "Skeletal Data based Activity Recognition System." In 2020 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp48568.2020.9182132.

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Ma, Guohua, and Richard H. Crawford. "Conceptual Design by a Topology Consistent Skeletal Modeler With Convolution Surfaces." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63802.

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During the conceptual design stage, the design engineers usually sketch their design ideas. For those sketches, the skeleton of the design idea can be created with lower dimensional primitives like lines, arcs, etc. In this paper, we focus on skeletal modeling, which is an approach to creating solid models in which the engineer designs with lower dimensional primitives such as points, lines, and triangles. The skeleton is then “skinned over” to create the surfaces of the three dimensional object. Then the convolution surfaces are generated by convolving a kernel function with a geometric field function to create an implicit surface. We propose that skeleton, even it is simple, contains important design information, such as the geometric, topology that defines the design concept. It is very important to keep the topology of the skeleton and thus the important information that defines the design concept, i.e, the geometry of the product, the functionality of the product determined by the topology of the design. We assume that design engineers expect the topology of a skeletal model to be identical to that of the underlying skeleton. In this paper, the system is described and some examples are illustrated to use the skeletal based modeler.
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Jones, Naveen, Manju Manuel, and Sreelal Pillai. "An embedded musculo-skeletal injury detection system." In 2016 International Conference on Emerging Technological Trends (ICETT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icett.2016.7873773.

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Nagamine, Kuniaki, Shingo otani, Mai Takeda, Makoto Kanzaki, and Matsuhiko Nishizawa. "Hydrogel-supported skeletal muscle cell-based bioassay system." In 2011 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2011.6102223.

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Iyer, Natraj, Yagnanarayanan Kalyanaraman, Kuiyang Lou, Subramaniam Jayanti, and Karthik Ramani. "A Reconfigurable 3D Engineering Shape Search System: Part I — Shape Representation." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48180.

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This paper presents an approach for a reconfigurable shape search system for 3D engineering models using a client-serverdatabase architecture. The current paper focuses on the server functionality, while a subsequent paper will focus on the database issues. The server takes the shape query as input from the client and converts it into feature vectors and a new skeletal graph representation which we have developed. The algorithms such as voxelization, skeletonization, and skeletal graph extraction for accomplishing these are described in detail. The principal advantages of the skeletal graph representation are that (i) it preserves the geometry and topology of the query model, (ii) it is considerably smaller than the B-Rep graph, and (iii) it is insensitive to minor perturbations in shape, while sensitive enough to capture the major features of a shape. Our representation is also synergistic with the human cognitive representation of shape. The results indicate that the skeletal graph is considerably smaller than the B-Rep graph even for complicated shapes.
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Sakurai, Yuichi, Shuichi Nishino, and Daisaku Takahashi. "Anomaly Detection System for Assembly Cells Using Skeletal Information." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit48603.2022.10002753.

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Bellis, George, Paris Papaggelos, Evangeli Vlachogianni, Ilias Laleas, Stefanos Moustos, Thanos Patas, Sokratis Poulios, et al. "Automated Sorting System for Skeletal Deformities in Cultured Fishes." In International Conference of the Hellenic Association of Agricultural Economists. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024094058.

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Best, Thomas M., James E. McElhaney, William E. Garrett, and Barry S. Myers. "An Optical System to Determine Axial Surface Strains in Skeletal Muscle." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1198.

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Abstract Muscle is compliant, undergoes large deformations and demonstrate anisotropic behavior when loaded. The variable amount of specimen slippage can result in error when strain estimates are determined by measures of grip-to-grip motion (Zernicke et al., 1984). In this paper we describe a noncontact optical system and method of analysis to measure full field surface strains in skeletal muscle. The system is used to examine the effect of stretch rate on the distribution of axial strains in rabbit skeletal muscle.
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Wang, Shuqiang, Xiangyu Wang, and Yong Hu. "Densely-Connected Deep Learning System for Assessment of Skeletal Maturity." In the 2018 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3297067.3297091.

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Reports on the topic "Skeletal system"

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Koh, Timothy J. Enhancement of Skeletal Muscle Repair by the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448526.

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Wesley Bolch. An Image-Based Computational System for the Design of Radionuclide Therapies for Skeletal Tumors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860177.

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Trimm, Jonathan. Modification of the Ca²⁺ Release System of Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicles via Sulfhydryl Oxidation and Tryptic Proteolysis. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1347.

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Kuo, Meng-Hsuan, Chih-Wei Tseng, Ching-Sheng Hsu, Yen-Chun Chen, I.-Ting Kao, and Chen-Yi Wu. Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic value of sarcopenia in advanced HCC patients treating with systemic therapy. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0011.

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Review question / Objective: P: Advanced HCC patients under systemic therapy; I: low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM); C: Non-LSMM; O:overall survival or mortality. Eligibility criteria: (1) cohort studies or cross sectional studies investigations with HCC patients treated with systemic therapy; (2) the articles estimated pretreatment skeletal muscle mass measured by CT-images; (3) studies provided statistical data about the prevalence pretreatment LSMM or influence of LSMM on OS orPFS.
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Shaojun (Jim) Du. Interactions Between the GH-IGF axis and Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth in Sparus aurata. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696530.bard.

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Growth rate of cultured fish from hatching to commercial size is a major factor in the success of aquaculture. The normal stimulus for muscle growth in growing fish is not well understood and understanding the regulation of muscle growth in fish is of particular importance for aquaculture. Fish meat constitutes mostly of skeletal muscles and provides high value proteins in most people's diet. Unlike mammals, fish continue to grow throughout their lives, although the size fish attain, as adults, is species specific. Evidence indicates that muscle growth is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth and transcription factors that control both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, growth hormone (GH), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) play critical roles in myogenesis during animal growth. An important advance in our understanding of muscle growth was provided by the recent discovery of the crucial functions of myostatin (MSTN) in controlling muscle growth. MSTN is a member of the TGF-13 superfamily and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Studies in mammals also provided evidence for possible interactions between GH, IGFs, MSTN and the musclespecific transcription factor My oD with regards to muscle development and growth. The goal of our project was to try to clarify the role of MSTNs in Sparus aurata muscle growth and in particular determine the possible interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in fish. The steps to achieve this goal included: i) Determining possible relationship between changes in the expression of growth-related genes, MSTN and MyoD in muscle from slow and fast growing sea bream progeny of full-sib families and that of growth rate; ii) Testing the possible effect of over-expressing GH, IGF-I and IGF-Il on the expression of MSTN and MyoD in skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro; iii) Studying the regulation of the two S. aurata MSTN promoters and investigating the possible role of MyoD in this regulation. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) Two MSTN promoters (saMSTN-1 and saMSTN-2) were isolated and characterized from S. aurata and were found to direct reporter gene activity in A204 cells. Studies were initiated to decipher the regulation of fish MSTN expression in vitro using the cloned promoters; 2) The gene coding for saMSTN-2 was cloned. Both the promoter and the first intron were found to be polymorphic. The first intron zygosity appears to be associated with growth rate; 3) Full length cDNA coding for S. aurata growth differentiation factor-l I (GDF-II), a closely related growth factor to MSTN, was cloned from S. aurata brain, and the mature peptide (C-terminal) was found to be highly conserved throughout evolution. GDF-II transcript was detected by RT -PCR analysis throughout development in S. aurata embryos and larvae, suggesting that this mRNA is the product of the embryonic genome. Transcripts for GDF-Il were detected by RT-PCR in brain, eye and spleen with highest level found in brain; 4) A novel member of the TGF-Bsuperfamily was partially cloned from S. aurata. It is highly homologous to an unidentified protein (TGF-B-like) from Tetraodon nigroviridisand is expressed in various tissues, including muscle; 5) Recombinant S. aurata GH was produced in bacteria, refolded and purified and was used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Generally, the results of gene expression in response to GH administration in vivo depended on the nutritional state (starvation or feeding) and the time at which the fish were sacrificed after GH administration. In vitro, recombinantsaGH activated signal transduction in two fish cell lines: RTHI49 and SAFI; 6) A fibroblastic-like cell line from S. aurata (SAF-I) was characterized for its gene expression and was found to be a suitable experimental system for studies on GH-IGF and MSTN interactions; 7) The gene of the muscle-specific transcription factor Myogenin was cloned from S. aurata, its expression and promoter activity were characterized; 8) Three genes important to myofibrillogenesis were cloned from zebrafish: SmyDl, Hsp90al and skNAC. Our data suggests the existence of an interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN. This project yielded a great number of experimental tools, both DNA constructs and in vitro systems that will enable further studies on the regulation of MSTN expression and on the interactions between members of the GHIGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in S. aurata.
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Huang, Hui-Bin, Yuan Xu, Wen-He Zheng, Hua Zhou, and Yuan Zhu. Prognostic value of CT-assessed skeletal muscle in critically ill patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.3.0031.

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7

Jepsen, Karl J. Advancing Individualized Medicine by Understanding Phenotypic Integration Using the Human Skeleton as a Model System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada581691.

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Jalil, Yorschua, and Ruvistay Gutierrez. Myokines secretion and their role in critically ill patients. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0048.

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Review question / Objective: 1-How and by which means stimulated muscle from critically ill patients can liberate myokines?, 2-Which are the main characteristics of the critically ill population studied and if some of these influenced myokine´s secretion?, 5-Can myokines exert local or distant effects in critically ill patients?, 5-Which are the potential effects of myokines in critically ill patients? Eligibility criteria: Participants and context: We will include primary studies (randomized or non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case report) that consider hospitalized critically ill adult patients (18 years or older) in risk for developing some degree of neuromuscular disorders such as ICU-AW, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, therefore the specific setting will be critical care. Concept: This review will be focused on studies regarding the secretion or measure of myokines or similar (exerkines, cytokines or interleukin) by any mean of muscle activation or muscle contraction such as physical activity, exercise or NMES, among others. The latter strategies must be understood as any mean by which muscle, and there for myocytes, are stimulated as result of muscle contraction, regardless of the frequency, intensity, time of application and muscle to be stimulated (upper limb, lower limb, thoracic or abdominal muscles). We also will consider myokine´s effects, local or systemic, over different tissues in terms of their structure or function, such as myocytes function, skeletal muscle mass and strength, degree of muscle wasting or myopathies, among others.
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Korobeinikova, Tetiana I., Nataliia P. Volkova, Svitlana P. Kozhushko, Daryna O. Holub, Nataliia V. Zinukova, Tetyana L. Kozhushkina, and Sergei B. Vakarchuk. Google cloud services as a way to enhance learning and teaching at university. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3854.

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The article is devoted to the issue of a cloud-based learning system implementation as a powerful strategy for future specialists’ training at higher educational establishments. Using cloud computing in self-work management of the university courses is essential to equip students with a workload of appropriate educational materials and variable activities for professional training. Theoretical and empirical research methods were applied to select the appropriate services and tools for organizing students’ self-work at university. Critical analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of the data, didactic observation of the educational process, designing of the skeleton for university courses, questionnaires enabled to facilitate the study of the issue. G Suite has been chosen to enhance the quality of training of prospective specialists at a higher educational establishment. This paper introduces the outcomes of the project on applying Google Classroom in the management of students’ self-work while studying university courses. The focus of the first stage of the project was on testing pilot versions of the courses with the aim to work out the requirements and recommendations for incorporation general blended learning model of university courses. Particular attention is drawn to the designed model of the university course based on the curriculum with the necessary components of blended learning in the G Suite virtual environment. Cloud-based higher education is considered as a prospective tool for design of university courses with the need for further research and implementation.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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