Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sketches

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sketches'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sketches"

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Dr Abdul Aziz Malik and Araf Saddique. "Sketch Writing of Irfan Javed." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v2i1.34.

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Irfan Javed is a renowned sketch writer. He has sketched various literary and social personalities of his time. His sketches reflect his era.“Darwazy” is the first book of his sketches. The sketches of this book reflect the personalities as well as the social and political situation of this era.An effort has been made through this article to present a critical overview of Irfan Javed's sketching in the context of "Darwazy”
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Kudrowitz, Barry, Paula Te, and David Wallace. "The influence of sketch quality on perception of product-idea creativity." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 26, no. 3 (August 2012): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060412000145.

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AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between the quality of a sketch and how others perceive the creativity of the idea portrayed by the sketch. In this study, sketch quality is characterized through its line work, perspective, and proportions. Four different toaster ideas were each sketched by four people with different backgrounds and levels of sketching proficiency. Then, 360 reviewers ranked the toasters for idea creativity, referring to a set of four sketches: one sketch for each toaster concept. The level of sketch quality for each toaster concept was varied among one of four quality levels. Higher quality idea sketches were found to correlate with higher creativity rank (p> 0.005), and lower quality sketches correlated with a lower creativity rank (p> 0.0005). A toaster idea portrayed with the highest quality level of sketch was 2.3 times more likely to be ranked as the most creative idea within the given set of idea sketches. The results underscore the importance of how an idea is presented, and support the need for sketching instruction in engineering and design curriculum.
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Haas, Peter J. "Sketches get sketchier." Communications of the ACM 54, no. 8 (August 2011): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978542.1978565.

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Cao, Nan, Xin Yan, Yang Shi, and Chaoran Chen. "AI-Sketcher : A Deep Generative Model for Producing High-Quality Sketches." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 2564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012564.

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Sketch drawings play an important role in assisting humans in communication and creative design since ancient period. This situation has motivated the development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for automatically generating sketches based on user input. Sketch-RNN, a sequence-to-sequence variational autoencoder (VAE) model, was developed for this purpose and known as a state-of-the-art technique. However, it suffers from limitations, including the generation of lowquality results and its incapability to support multi-class generations. To address these issues, we introduced AI-Sketcher, a deep generative model for generating high-quality multiclass sketches. Our model improves drawing quality by employing a CNN-based autoencoder to capture the positional information of each stroke at the pixel level. It also introduces an influence layer to more precisely guide the generation of each stroke by directly referring to the training data. To support multi-class sketch generation, we provided a conditional vector that can help differentiate sketches under various classes. The proposed technique was evaluated based on two large-scale sketch datasets, and results demonstrated its power in generating high-quality sketches.
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Power, A. J., and Charles Wells. "A formalism for the specification of essentially-algebraic structures in 2-categories." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 2, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500001110.

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A type of higher-order two-dimensional sketch is defined which has models in suitable 2-categories. It has as special cases the ordinary sketches of Ehresmann and certain previously defined generalizations of one-dimensional sketches. These sketches allow the specification of constructions in 2-categories such as weighted limits, as well as higher-order constructions such as exponential objects and subobject classifiers, that cannot be sketched by limits and colimits. These sketches are designed to be the basis of a category-based methodology for the description of functional programming languages, complete with rewrite rules giving the operational semantics, that is independent of the usual specification methods based on formal languages and symbolic logic. A definition of ‘path grammar’, generalizing the usual notion of grammar, is given as a step towards this goal.
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Yu, Emilie, Rahul Arora, J. Andreas Bærentzen, Karan Singh, and Adrien Bousseau. "Piecewise-smooth surface fitting onto unstructured 3D sketches." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 4 (July 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530100.

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We propose a method to transform unstructured 3D sketches into piecewise smooth surfaces that preserve sketched geometric features. Immersive 3D drawing and sketch-based 3D modeling applications increasingly produce imperfect and unstructured collections of 3D strokes as design output. These 3D sketches are readily perceived as piecewise smooth surfaces by viewers, but are poorly handled by existing 3D surface techniques tailored to well-connected curve networks or sparse point sets. Our algorithm is aligned with human tendency to imagine the strokes as a small set of simple smooth surfaces joined along stroke boundaries. Starting with an initial proxy surface, we iteratively segment the surface into smooth patches joined sharply along some strokes, and optimize these patches to fit surrounding strokes. Our evaluation is fourfold: we demonstrate the impact of various algorithmic parameters, we evaluate our method on synthetic sketches with known ground truth surfaces, we compare to prior art, and we show compelling results on more than 50 designs from a diverse set of 3D sketch sources.
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Hu, Qinheping, Rishabh Singh, and Loris D’Antoni. "Solving Program Sketches with Large Integer Values." ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 44, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3532849.

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Program sketching is a program synthesis paradigm in which the programmer provides a partial program with holes and assertions. The goal of the synthesizer is to automatically find integer values for the holes so that the resulting program satisfies the assertions. The most popular sketching tool, Sketch , can efficiently solve complex program sketches but uses an integer encoding that often performs poorly if the sketched program manipulates large integer values. In this article, we propose a new solving technique that allows Sketch to handle large integer values while retaining its integer encoding. Our technique uses a result from number theory, the Chinese Remainder Theorem, to rewrite program sketches to only track the remainders of certain variable values with respect to several prime numbers. We prove that our transformation is sound and the encoding of the resulting programs are exponentially more succinct than existing Sketch encodings. We evaluate our technique on a variety of benchmarks manipulating large integer values. Our technique provides speedups against both existing Sketch solvers and can solve benchmarks that existing Sketch solvers cannot handle.
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Shankar, Sree, and Rahul Rai. "Sketching in three dimensions: A beautification scheme." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 31, no. 3 (December 5, 2016): 376–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000512.

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AbstractPrimary among all the activities involved in conceptual design is freehand sketching. There have been significant efforts in recent years to enable digital design methods that leverage humans’ sketching skills. Conventional sketch-based digital interfaces are built on two-dimensional touch-based devices like sketchers and drawing pads. The transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional (3-D) digital sketch interfaces represents the latest trend in developing new interfaces that embody intuitiveness and human–human interaction characteristics. In this paper, we outline a novel screenless 3-D sketching system. The system uses a noncontact depth-sensing RGB-D camera for user input. Only depth information (no RGB information) is used in the framework. The system tracks the user's palm during the sketching process and converts the data into a 3-D sketch. As the generated data is noisy, making sense of what is sketched is facilitated through a beautification process that is suited to 3-D sketches. To evaluate the performance of the system and the beautification scheme, user studies were performed on multiple participants for both single-stroke and multistroke sketching scenarios.
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Purwandari, Endina Putri, Aan Erlansari, Andang Wijanarko, and Erich Adinal Adrian. "Face sketch recognition using principal component analysis for forensics application." Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 8, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jtsiskom.2020.13422.

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Recognition of human faces in forensics applications can be identified through the Sketch recognition method by matching sketches and photos. The system gives five criminal candidates who have similarities to the sketch given. This study aims to perform facial recognition on photographs and sketches using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as feature extraction and Euclidean distance as a calculation of the distance of test images to training images. The PCA method was used to recognize facial images from pencil sketch drawings. The system dataset is in the form of photos and sketches in the CUHK Face Sketch database consists of 93 photos and 93 sketches, and personal documentation consists of five photos and five sketches. The sketch matching application to training data produces an accuracy of 76.14 %, precision of 91.04 %, and recall of 80.26 %, while testing with sketch modifications produces accuracy and recall of 95 % and precision of 100 %.
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Raghatwan, Jyoti S., and Sandhya Arora. "Improved Sketch-to-Photo Generation Using Filter Aided Generative Adversarial Network." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i9.5713.

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Generating a photographic face image from given input sketch is most challenging task in computer vision. Mainly the sketches drawn by sketch artist used in human identification. Sketch to photo synthesis is very important applications in law enforcement as well as character design, educational training. In recent years Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) shows excellent performance on sketch to photo synthesis problem. Quality of hand drawn sketches affects the quality generated photo. It might be possible that while handling the hand drawn sketches, accidently by touching the user hand on pencil sketch or similar activities causes noise in given sketch. Likewise different styles like shading, darkness of pencil used by sketch artist may cause unnecessary noise in sketches. In recent year many sketches to photo synthesis methods are proposed, but they are mainly focused on network architecture to get better performance. In this paper we proposed Filter-aided GAN framework to remove such noise while synthesizing photo images from hand drawn sketches. Here we implement and compare different filtering methods with GAN. Quantitative and qualitative result shows that proposed Filter-aided GAN generate the photo images which are visually pleasant and closer to ground truth image.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sketches"

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Syrén, Dania. "Creating Concept Sketches for Game Developers : Sketches that inform and inspire." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35263.

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The objective of this project is to understand how information design– specifically informative illustration– can contribute to producing concept sketches for a science-fiction/puzzle game called Sky’s Edge. Through theoretical studies and research methods, I aimed to deepen my understanding of what makes a concept image a good one, and from that, I aimed to determine how informative illustration can help in designing and sketching the ideas that the job requester needed. The conducted theoretical studies indicated that a good concept image is one that contains ideas which are easily understood/communicated, can inspire the team, and in turn generate further discussion. They also revealed the vast advantages of thumbnail sketching– which can lead to the development of stronger ideas and compositions. Refined sketches and drawings are produced thereafter to present these ideas to the development team. The purpose of the resulting collection of concept images was to unify the visual direction of the team responsible for developing the game.
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Oltmans, Michael (Michael David) 1975. "Envisioning sketch recognition : a local feature based approach to recognizing informal sketches." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40318.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-94).
Hand drawn sketches are an important part of the early design process and are an important aspect of creative design. They are used in many fields including electrical engineering, software engineering and web design. Recognizing shapes in these sketches is a challenging task due to the imprecision with which they are drawn. We tackle this challenge with a visual approach to recognition. The approach is based on a representation of a sketched shape in terms of the visual parts it is made of. By taking this part-based visual approach we are able to recognize shapes that are extremely difficult to recognize with current sketch recognition systems that focus on the individual strokes.
by Michael Oltmans.
Ph.D.
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Shimanuki, Hiroshi, Jien Kato, and Toyohide Watanabe. "Constituting origami models from sketches." IEEE, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6915.

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Platt, Kevin Ronald. "Incomplete Objects and Object Sketches." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9496.

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The research and the work that motivates it, herein discussed in this thesis, hinge upon the need to communicate with the viewer, a sense of desire that remains suspended. Throughout both thesis and practice a defining concept is incompleteness. This suggestion is made manifest in the practical element of my work, through the use of the iconography of the frame and construction images, that suggest what could yet be built upon, or added to the work, that is present in the gallery. The implications of this iconography are diverse and accordingly are explored through a series of art-historical discussions. The physical appearance, or the signature aesthetic of my practice, is explored through the pressing immediacy that ruled and defined the sketch aesthetic of Impressionism. The concept of a desire continually entertained is given exemplary treatment in the seminal Large Glass of Marcel Duchamp. As such this is used as a major study with which to compare the motivating factors of my practice. Engaging with the text Kant After Duchamp, by Thierry de Duve facilitates an exploration of two belief systems that arose and defined and impacted art discourse through the middle and latter half of the last century. This study does not seek to align my work either but rather finds the conviction to follow neither and instead identifies my practice with work that does not take a heavy authorial hand looking for a determined outcome. As such, what is made apparent through this investigation is an enduring interest in that which cannot be attained.
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Aronson, Eran. "Sketches of shadows and light." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-117347.

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Holmes, Erik Roush Chris. "Believers sketches of faith in America /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2949.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2010.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 23, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication." Discipline: Journalism and Mass Communication; Department/School: Journalism and Mass Communication, School of.
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Smith, Kendra Schank. "A new view of architectural sketches." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22981.

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Gangam, Priyanka Reddy. "Recognizing Face Sketches by Human Volunteers." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1297198615.

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Heaton, Roger James. "Elliott Carter's Sketches : a fresh analytical perspective." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515388.

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Carswell, James. "Using Raster Sketches for Digital Image Retrieval." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CarswellJD2000.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Sketches"

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Rainer, Roland. Skizzen =: Sketches. Wien: Böhlau, 1992.

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Michaels, Stella. Sketches. 2nd ed. New York: Kickin the Bottle Publishing, 2001.

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Andō, Tadao. Sketches. Basel: Birkhauser, 1990.

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Arnold, Virginia A. Sketches. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1989.

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Muneer, M. K. Sketches. Calicut: Olive Publications, 1997.

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Foster, Norman. Sketches. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 1992.

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Sketches. New York: Viking Childrens Books, 2008.

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Walters, Eric. Sketches. New York: Viking, 2008.

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Arnold, Virginia A. Sketches. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1987.

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Walters, Eric. Sketches. New York: Viking, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sketches"

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Pignatti, Sandro, and Erika Pignatti Wikus. "Sketches." In Geobotany Studies, 175–438. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85329-7_8.

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Pei, Eujin, and James Andrew Self. "Sketches." In Product Design and the Role of Representation, 105–25. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003227694-4.

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Pan, Rong, Qinheping Hu, Rishabh Singh, and Loris D’Antoni. "Solving Program Sketches with Large Integer Values." In Programming Languages and Systems, 572–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_21.

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AbstractProgram sketching is a program synthesis paradigm in which the programmer provides a partial program with holes and assertions. The goal of the synthesizer is to automatically find integer values for the holes so that the resulting program satisfies the assertions. The most popular sketching tool, Sketch, can efficiently solve complex program sketches, but uses an integer encoding that often performs poorly if the sketched program manipulates large integer values. In this paper, we propose a new solving technique that allows Sketch to handle large integer values while retaining its integer encoding. Our technique uses a result from number theory, the Chinese Remainder Theorem, to rewrite program sketches to only track the remainders of certain variable values with respect to several prime numbers. We prove that our transformation is sound and the encoding of the resulting programs are exponentially more succinct than existing Sketch encodings. We evaluate our technique on a variety of benchmarks manipulating large integer values. Our technique provides speedups against both existing Sketch solvers and can solve benchmarks that existing Sketch solvers cannot handle.
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Perry, Daniel J., Braxton Osting, and Ross T. Whitaker. "Nyström Sketches." In Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 427–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71249-9_26.

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Stavans, Ilan. "Biographical Sketches." In Imagining Columbus, 15–30. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-63347-0_2.

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Smith, Barbara. "Beginning Sketches." In A Charter School Principal’s Story, 1–7. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6351-218-3_1.

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Webb, Stephen. "Character sketches." In Clash of Symbols, 5–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71350-2_1.

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Hind, Charles, Fiona Orsini, and Susan Pugh. "Concept Sketches." In The Architecture Drawing Book: RIBA Collections, 24–57. London: RIBA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003343691-1.

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Hind, Charles, Fiona Orsini, and Susan Pugh. "Study Sketches." In The Architecture Drawing Book: RIBA Collections, 154–93. London: RIBA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003343691-5.

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Poli, Roberto. "Ontological Sketches." In Introduction to Anticipation Studies, 101–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63023-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sketches"

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Cruz-Lozano, Ricardo, Fisseha M. Alemayehu, Stephen Ekwaro-Osire, and Haileyesus Endeshaw. "Determining Probability of Importance of Features in a Sketch." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52807.

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Sketches are the main tools for the communication of concepts among design team’s members during the ideation phase of the design process. Imprecisely defined sketches lead to uncertainty in communication during the design process. Thus, as a contribution to reduce the uncertainty in design communication, an initial framework for the quantification of uncertainty associated to sketches was presented in previous work. In that initial framework, the probabilities of the features in a sketch were determined based on the assessment of an experienced designer. This approach reduced the usability of the framework by professionals with limited experience e.g. entry-level engineers. Thus, this posed the need of an improved framework and brought the following research question: Can a probabilistic method be used to improve the quantification of uncertainty in sketches? Accordingly, to answer this research question the following specific aims were established: 1) Ranking of features in a sketch, 2) Determination of the probability of importance of features in a sketch, and 3) Quantification of uncertainty in a sketch. The first aim focused on determining and classifying the features in a sketch, based on a hierarchical approach. The second aim focused on determining the probability of importance of the features in a sketch, by assessing its probability of likeliness using an object recognition approach, and by applying a probability transformation. The third aim focused on the quantification of the uncertainty in a sketch, based on the calculation and normalization of the sketch’s entropy. This resulted in the development of an improved framework for the quantification of uncertainty in sketches, which can be used by design practitioners with limited experience, and whose application is presented and detailed in a case study.
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Wang, Zhipeng, Hao Wang, Jiexi Yan, Aming Wu, and Cheng Deng. "Domain-Smoothing Network for Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/158.

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Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval (ZS-SBIR) is a novel cross-modal retrieval task, where abstract sketches are used as queries to retrieve natural images under zero-shot scenario. Most existing methods regard ZS-SBIR as a traditional classification problem and employ a cross-entropy or triplet-based loss to achieve retrieval, which neglect the problems of the domain gap between sketches and natural images and the large intra-class diversity in sketches. Toward this end, we propose a novel Domain-Smoothing Network (DSN) for ZS-SBIR. Specifically, a cross-modal contrastive method is proposed to learn generalized representations to smooth the domain gap by mining relations with additional augmented samples. Furthermore, a category-specific memory bank with sketch features is explored to reduce intra-class diversity in the sketch domain. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach notably outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both Sketchy and TU-Berlin datasets.
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Petrova, Maria, Maria Ponomareva, and Alexandra Ivoylova. "The Pilot Corpus of the English Semantic Sketches." In Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-436-446.

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The paper is devoted to the creation of the semantic sketches for English verbs. The pilot corpus consists of the English-Russian sketch pairs and is aimed to show what kind of contrastive studies the sketches help to conduct. Special attention is paid to the cross-language differences between the sketches with similar semantics. Moreover, we discuss the process of building a semantic sketch, and analyse the mistakes that could give insight to the linguistic nature of sketches.
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Yang, Lan, Kaiyue Pang, Honggang Zhang, and Yi-Zhe Song. "SketchAA: Abstract Representation for Abstract Sketches." In 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00994.

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Zan, Daoguang, Bei Chen, Dejian Yang, Zeqi Lin, Minsu Kim, Bei Guan, Yongji Wang, Weizhu Chen, and Jian-Guang Lou. "CERT: Continual Pre-training on Sketches for Library-oriented Code Generation." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/329.

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Code generation is a longstanding challenge, aiming to generate a code snippet based on a natural language description. Usually, expensive text-code paired data is essential for training a code generation model. Recently, thanks to the success of pre-training techniques, large language models are trained on large unlabelled code corpora and perform well in generating code. In this paper, we investigate how to leverage an unlabelled code corpus to train a model for library-oriented code generation. Since it is a common practice for programmers to reuse third-party libraries, in which case the text-code paired data are harder to obtain due to the huge number of libraries. We observe that library-oriented code snippets are more likely to share similar code sketches. Hence, we present CERT with two steps: a sketcher generates the sketch, then a generator fills the details in the sketch. Both the sketcher and generator are continually pre-trained upon a base model using unlabelled data. Also, we carefully craft two benchmarks to evaluate library-oriented code generation named PandasEval and NumpyEval. Experimental results have shown the impressive performance of CERT. For example, it surpasses the base model by an absolute 15.67% improvement in terms of pass@1 on PandasEval. Our work is available at https://github.com/microsoft/PyCodeGPT.
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Das, Madhurima, and Maria C. Yang. "Assessing Early Stage Design Sketches and Reflections on Prototyping." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-66748.

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Abstract Designers routinely create informal “thinking” sketches to explore a design space and “talking” sketches to communicate design ideas during the early phases of the design process. This study proposes a rubric for assessing the quality of novice designers’ early stage design sketches including line smoothness, proportion, and understandability. The study finds a positive correlation between sketch quality and understandability, which indicates the importance of sketch quality when using sketches as a communication tool. Results indicate that early stage sketch quantity is linked with design outcomes, though sketch quality does not have a strong correlation with design outcomes. The study also finds a link between frequency of sketching and having higher maximum sketch quality scores (i.e. at least one excellent sketch) as well as a correlation between individuals’ maximum sketch quality scores and their overall design outcomes. This study presents a new tool to capture what is learned by the designer after each iteration of a prototype. Preliminary results indicate that reflection on both the technical and emotional aspects of prototyping may be valuable and should be an area of further study. Finally, several results point to novice designers’ lack of consistent focus on users in their prototyping reflections and presentations.
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Zeng, Y., A. Pardasani, H. Antunes, Z. Li, J. Dickinson, V. Gupta, and D. Baulier. "Representation and Interpretation of Sketches in Mechanical Design: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48657.

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This paper aims to establish a theoretical foundation for representing and interpreting free-hand design sketches throughout the conceptual design process. Both experimental and theoretical approaches are used. In using the experimental approach, one case study from a book and one case study from an automobile assembly system manufacturer are used to illustrate the characteristics of design sketches. These characteristics provide the requirements for models of sketch representation and interpretation. In using the theoretical approach, a mathematical structure of design sketches is established. This mathematical structure can naturally and logically model the evolving sketches generated in the design process, through integrating the strengths of set theory and mereology. Based on the results of these two approaches, a design sketch language is developed to be a formal foundation of sketch representation and interpretation.
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Macomber, Bryan, and Maria Yang. "The Role of Sketch Finish and Style in User Responses to Early Stage Design Concepts." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48714.

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Conceptual sketches of design alternatives are often employed as a tool for eliciting feedback from design stakeholders, including potential end-users. However, such sketches can vary widely in their level of finish and style, thus potentially affecting how users respond to a concept. This paper presents a study of user responses to three objects drawn in styles ranging from rough hand sketches to CAD drawings. This study also considers the amount of design time required to create the sketches. Results show that respondents generally ranked realistic, “clean” hand sketches the highest over other types of sketches, particularly “rough” sketches. These types of sketches took longer than other types of hand sketches to create, but were still much faster than CAD renderings. Results also suggest that the complexity and familiarity of an object can influence how users respond to a sketch.
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Zhang, Zijian, and Yan Jin. "An Unsupervised Deep Learning Model to Discover Visual Similarity Between Sketches for Visual Analogy Support." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22394.

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Abstract Visual analogy has been recognized as an important cognitive process in engineering design. Human free-hand sketches provide a useful data source for facilitating visual analogy. Although there has been research on the roles of sketching and the impact of visual analogy in design, little work has been done aiming to develop computational tools and methods to support visual analogy from sketches. In this paper, we propose a computational method to discover visual similarity between sketches, considering the following practical application: Given a sketch drawn by a designer that reflects the designer’s rough idea in mind, our goal is to identify the shape similar sketches that can stimulate the designer to make more and better visual analogies. The first challenge in doing so is how to discover the similar shape features embedded in sketches from various categories. To address this challenge, we propose a deep clustering model to learn a latent space which can reveal underlying shape features for multiple categories of sketches and cluster sketches simultaneously. An extensive evaluation of the clustering performance of our proposed method has been carried out in different configurations. The results have shown that the proposed method can discover sketches that have similar appearance, provide useful explanations of the visual relationship between different sketch categories, and has the potential to generate visual stimuli to enhance designers’ visual imageries.
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Kara, Levent Burak, Leslie Gennari, and Thomas F. Stahovich. "A Sketch-Based Interface for the Design and Analysis of Simple Vibratory Mechanical Systems." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57529.

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We describe a sketch-based interface designed to provide engineers with a computer environment similar to pen and paper. With our interface, users can construct functional engineering models simply by drawing sketches on a computer screen. Unlike paper sketches, however, our interface allows users to interact with their sketches in real time to modify existing objects and add new ones. To demonstrate the utility of our system, we have developed a sketch-based interface for designing and analyzing simple vibratory mechanical systems. The technical contributions of our work include: (1) a sketch parsing method for automatically locating the distinct graphical symbols in a sketch, (2) a general-purpose, trainable symbol recognizer, and (3) special purpose prerecognizers that consider shape information and make use of drawing conventions.
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Reports on the topic "Sketches"

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Swetz, Frank J. Leonardo da Vinci's Geometric Sketches. Washington, DC: The MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/loci002559.

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O' Neal, T., and M. Minard. SCADA S200 and S300 Project Sketches. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1491973.

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Myers, Karen L., Peter A. Jarvis, Thomas J. Lee, W. M. Tyson, and Michael J. Wolverton. Plan Authoring Based on Sketches, Advice and Templates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424765.

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Manski, Charles. Econometrics For Decision Making: Building Foundations Sketched By Haavelmo And Wald. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26596.

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Hissam, Scott, and James Ivers. PECT Infrastructure: A Rough Sketch. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413548.

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Obua, Steven. Practal — Practical Logic: A Bicycle for Your Mathematical Mind. Recursive Mind, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47757/practal.1.

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Kipp, Jacob W. Biographical Sketch on Valentin Ivanovich Varennikov. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231841.

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Karr, Michael. Transaction Graphs: A Sketch Formalism for Activity Coordination. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230852.

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Lovett, Andrew, Morteza Dehghani, and Kenneth Forbus. Constructing Spatial Representations of Variable Detail for Sketch Recognition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470425.

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Lovett, Andrew, Morteza Dehghani, and Kenneth Forbus. Incremental Learning of Perceptual Categories for Open-Domain Sketch Recognition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470431.

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