Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Skets'
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Breytenbach, A. P. B. (Andries Petrus Bernardus) 1944. "Tipering, stereotipering en destereotipering in ’n kortverhaal; ’n ontleding van die Jona-vertelling." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46198.
Full textThe aim of this essay is to investigate the part which typification, stereotyping and destereotyping can play in a short story. A definition of typification, stereotyping and destereotyping is offered after a brief discussion. Based on the conviction that the book of Nahum can be read as an intertext of the Jonah story, the stereotyped portrayal of Yahweh, Nineveh and the king of Nineveh in the poem of Nahum is analysed. This serves as the background against which the typical and a-typical conduct of the characters in the Jonah story is investigated by way of close reading. The conclusion arrived at, is that the author of the Jonah story succeeded in destereotyping the king and inhabitants of Nineveh by letting them act in an a-typical manner. In the same way the a-typical conduct of the character Yahweh leads the reader to question the stereotyped idea that Yahweh always supports Israel and Judah and destroys their enemies.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Unit for Creative Writing
MA
Unrestricted
Eriksson, Håkan. "Traditionsprincipen : för skens skull?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120768.
Full textCrowther, Servaas Marcus. "Modelling illiquid volatility skews." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8529.
Full textMost markets trade liquidly in options on the market index, in fact they often trade at a wide range of strike levels. Thus, using the Black-Scholes model, we can obtain the implied volatilities at the various strike levels, forming the associated implied volatility skew of the respective market under consideration. This, however, is not always feasible when it comes to the individual stocks within the market, as single stock options trade a lot less frequently. This dissertation makes use of data from the Eurozone, in particular we consider the Euro Stoxx 50 market index and its underlying constituents. Options written on the Euro Stoxx 50 and its constituents are highly liquid, and volatility skews are obtained for the market as well as for most of the single stocks within the market. I then artificially created 3 cases of illiquid markets, each with increasing degrees of sparseness mimicking various possible realities. Using principal component analysis, this dissertation aims to find an appropriate model for relating the volatility skew of the index to that of single stocks within the market in order to fill gaps in the data of the skews of the individual stocks. Results indicate that simpler models perform similarly in all scenarios of sparse- ness whereas the performance of more complex models decrease as the data becomes sparser. This indicates that basic relationships can be formed between the index and single stocks in cases with relatively low levels of trade in the market but more accurate estimates are more difficult to achieve. However, if we use the skew data, as is, as an input to the models, their performance remains by and far the same using the full data set and using monthly information. This is encouraging, as it means we can fill gaps in the individual stocks' skew data with as good a fit as if we modeled with a full set of data.
Jackson, Evan. "Historically implied swaption skews using non-parametric methods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22978.
Full textMcCarthy, Avril Dawn. "Development and validation of a virtual environment as a training tool for surgeons in knee arthroscopy." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366114.
Full textSchultz, Mi. "Visstidsdirektivets implementering i svensk rätt : Har korrekt implementering skett?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11275.
Full textUppsatsen syftar främst till att undersöka huruvida det skett en korrekt implementering av visstidsdirektivet i svensk rätt avseende kravet på åtgärder för att förhindra missbruk av flera på varandra följande visstidsanställningar. För att uppnå detta syfte krävs en utredning av gällande rätt. Uppsatsen har också några underordnade syften. Ett av dessa underordnade syften är frågan om huruvida implementeringen av visstidsdirektivet inneburit en minskning av arbetstagarnas anställningsskydd, som är nära kopplat till min huvudsakliga fråga och överträdelseärendet. Mina andra underordnade syften är att koppla reglerna om tidsbegränsade anställningar till arbetsmarknadens flexibilisering och flexicurity, att se om reglerna om tidsbegränsade anställningar påverkat jämställdhet mellan könen och att diskutera huruvida det skett förändringar i maktförhållandet mellan arbetsgivare och arbetstagare. Jag har kommit fram till slutsatsen att Sverige inte har implementerat visstidsdirektivet på ett korrekt sätt avseende kravet på åtgärder för att förhindra missbruk av flera på varandra följande visstidsanställningar. Jag har konstaterat att de svenska reglerna som gäller idag kan kringgås genom att olika former av tidsbegränsade anställningar kombineras och att vissa av anställningsformerna kräver en tydligare definition. För att förhindra missbruk av flera på varandra följande visstidsanställningar föreslår jag att det införs en övre sammanlagd tidsgräns för alla tidsbegränsade anställningsformer kombinerat med en regel om maximalt antal gånger ett tidsbegränsat anställningsavtal får förnyas. Jag har funnit faktorer som visar på att en minskning av arbetstagarskyddet har skett, men jag kan inte dra några säkra slutsatser om det eftersom uppsatsen inte behandlat frågan på ett uttömmande sätt. Vidare har jag funnit ett samband mellan arbetsmarknadens flexibilisering och användandet av tidsbegränsade anställningar och att Sverige borde undersöka om flexicurity-modellen kan bidra med några lösningar för att öka sysselsättningen utan att minska nivån på arbetstagarnas anställningsskydd. Jämställdhet mellan könen rörande andelen tidsbegränsat anställda har ökat något, både i Sverige och EU, sedan visstidsdirektivets tillkomst. Jag har också kommit fram till att de nya reglerna om tidsbegränsade anställningar kan ha inneburit en maktförskjutning som gynnar arbetsgivaren.
Kaikkonen, Johanna. "Värmländska naturreservat i skogsmiljö : Sköts dessa på ett adaptivt sätt?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4124.
Full textEkologiska system är dynamiska och komplexa, och världens resurssystem, såsom skogar, är ständigt under mer eller mindre förändring. Naturliga orsaker, eller antropogen påverkan kan leda till nya förhållanden i en naturmiljö. Adaptiv förvaltning handlar om att anpassa förvaltningen efter dessa nya förändringar och förutsättningar. Om det man vill förvalta är dynamiskt, så borde även dess förvaltning vara det. Adaptiv förvaltning ser på förvaltningsåtgärder som vetenskapliga experiment, och att förvalta adaptivt ät att lära medan man utför. Adaptiv förvaltning har en början, men inget slut eftersom det kräver fortsatt omvärdering och förnyelse.
I det här arbetet undersöktes elva skötselplaner för naturreservat i Värmlands län, för att se om åtgärder kan kopplas till mål och historia, hur tydliga målen är samt om uppföljningen räcker för att se om åtgärder leder till uppsatta mål och kan kopplas till dessa. Frågan ställdes också hur adaptiv skötseln av reservaten i Värmlands län verkligen är. De olika skötselplanerna jämfördes och granskades utifrån årtionde (1980-, 1990- samt 2000-talet jämfördes). En viss positiv ökning i procent kunde ses från 1990-talet till 2000-talet när det gäller målens tydlighet, koppling till områdets historia samt koppling mellan åtgärder och mål, medan 1980-talets resultat blev aningen avvikande på grund av enkla mål och åtgärder eller brist på aktiva åtgärder. Angående uppföljning för att se om den skulle räcka för att se om skötselplanernas åtgärder skulle leda till utsatta mål, hamnade 1990- och 2000-talet på lika resultat (33 % av skötselplanerna i respektive årtionde) emedan 1980-talet än en gång blev avvikande med 100 %, på grund av tidigare nämnda anledningar.
En viss utveckling mot en mer dynamisk skötsel av naturreservat kan ses i undersökningen, men däremot kan man inte påstå att kraven för adaptiv förvaltning uppfylls och undersökta naturreservat behöver fortfarande utvecklas på detta plan.
Wibowo, I. "Harga yang harus dibayar sketsa pergulatan etnis Cina di Indonesia /." Jakarta : Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama bekerja sama dengan Pusat Studi Cina di Indonesia, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44427182.html.
Full textStenberg, Erica. "Lärares upplevelser av sin situation och de eventuella förändringar som skett." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12313.
Full textFennell, Nicholas. "The Russians on Athos, with special reference to the Prophet Elijah Skete." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242268.
Full textEvtusjenko, Alexander. "Socialdemokratins idéutveckling : Har det skett en förskjutning mot liberalism i partiets ideologi?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71100.
Full textHagalid, Alexandra, and Arvin Hamzavi. "Upplysningskrav vid rörelseförvärv : Har det skett en förbättring av upplysningarna som företagen lämnar?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-21943.
Full textDrakulić, Danijela, and Malin Lindén. "Avskaffandet av revisionsplikten för små aktiebolag : Vilken påverkan har skett hos mindre revisionsbyråer?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-986.
Full textThe study deals with what happened after 1 November 2010, when the audit requirement was abolished for small firms in Sweden. In April 2010, the government presented a proposition about a voluntary audit to the Parliament which came into effect on 1 November the same year. The consequence was that small firms that fulfill two of the three criteria no longer need to have an audit: (1) maximum three employees, (2) maximum of 1.5 million SEK in total assets. (3) Maximum of 3 million SEK in net sales. It was around 250 000 Swedish companies that was affected and their calculated annual saving is about 15 000 SEK each in audit costs.The study's research question is: How has the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies in Sweden affected the smaller accounting firms?The purpose of this study is to investigate how the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies in Sweden have affected smaller accounting firms. The study used a qualitative method with a abductive approach. Eight semistructured interviews with smaller accounting firms in Borås, Alingsås, Kinna and Länghem were conducted.The study's conclusions is that the auditor's role has not changed since the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies but that the auditors' work has received more hints of independent advice now compared to before the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies. Auditor independence has not been affected, however, considered the boundary of what is independence and not may be difficult. The competition has not been affected since the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies. Another conclusion is that the auditor's client base has not been affected by the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies, however, there are not as many clients who have audit anymore, but instead buys other services and thus will not affected the customer base. However, there is a concern within the accounting profession about what happens if the limit values may be increased. How recruitment of potential customers is done or how accounting firms engaged in marketing has not been affected since the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies. New customer relationships are created through recommendations from existing customers. Pricing has not changed since the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies. Auditors act in the client's interest in their work, which has not changed since the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies where there are laws, rules and regulations that auditors must relate to in their work. It seems not been a big change in the auditing industry since the abolition of the audit requirement for small companies. In contrast, attitudes and auditors' approach to its own industry in general is changing.
George, Mariam M. B. S. "Zinc regulates tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotype and skews regulatory T cell- Th17 balance." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439305564.
Full textNelson, Ronja, and Rebecka Svensson. "Hur förorenad är en dagvattendamm som inte sköts om? : En jämförelse av två dagvattendammar." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34088.
Full textStormwater contains a variety of pollutants and is a major contributor to the dispersion of hazardous substances. Vehicles and industries are two factors that cause the increase of copper and zinc. Without handling stormwater, adverse effects can occur to our freshwater systems. Stormwater ponds have been established to prevent contamination of pollutants through various treatment processes. Stormwater ponds however, need to be maintained in order to remain effective. Notably, in Sweden several stormwater ponds lack maintenance. This study has investigated two stormwater ponds located near highways with a focus on the presence of copper and zinc in its sediment. One pond lacks maintenance in comparison to the other pond which receives continuous maintenance. Concentrations of heavy metals have been obtained through AAS and analyzed for statistical significance. Concentrations have also been compared with the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's background levels for sediment in freshwater. The investigation has shown a significant difference (p <0.05) between the two stormwater ponds. Furthermore the pond that has been neglected has poor separation efficacy as opposed to the pond that is being routinely maintained. More chemical and physical measurements need to be investigated to determine with certainty what has caused the observed significant difference.
Olsson, Anna. "Har det skett en real hyreshöjning på kontorsmarknaden i Stockholm? : -Hyresindex ur ett 30- års perspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102310.
Full textEriksson, Mattias, and Pavic Irena. "På spaning efter en skollagsändring som skett : Skollagsändringen 2014 och dess synliga konsekvenser i grundskolans åtgärdsprogram." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik (PED), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58058.
Full textIngvarsson, Jesper. "Faktorer som påverkar hur munvården sköts på äldreboenden : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter och uppfattningar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76522.
Full textRegule, Teva L. "Identity, Formation, Transformation: The Liturgical Movement of the Twentieth Century and the Liturgical Reform Efforts of New Skete Monastery." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107670.
Full textThe Liturgical Movement of the twentieth century had a great impact on the liturgical life of much of Western Christianity, particularly Roman Catholicism and mainline Protestantism. Many of the early pioneers of this movement drew inspiration for their efforts from the liturgical forms and theology of the Christian East, primarily from late antiquity (i.e. third to eighth centuries). The question is, “Were the Eastern Christian Churches that trace much of their liturgical expression to this period themselves affected by this movement?” At first glance, the answer might appear to be negative. However, this dissertation aims to show that the Liturgical Movement did have an influence in some quarters of the Eastern Christian Church. In particular, it analyzes one community’s attempt to adapt the scholarship and principles of the movement to Eastern Christian worship, specifically focusing on the liturgical reform efforts of New Skete Monastery, a community of Eastern Orthodox monastics located in upstate New York. The dissertation begins with a discussion of the meaning of reform and an historical overview of the scholarship and principles of the Liturgical Movement in both the Christian West and East, focusing primarily on those aspects that will become relevant to the future liturgical reform efforts of New Skete. It then introduces the communities of New Skete, including a brief history of the communities, how they understand liturgy and the place it has in their lives, how they understand liturgical reform, why they think such reform is necessary, their principles of reform, and how they understand the authority for their reform. The bulk of the dissertation chronicles the liturgical reform efforts of the community over their fifty-year history for the communal services of the monastery and analyzes them in detail. Since the study of liturgy is not just textual, this dissertation also includes a presentation and cursory analysis of the architecture of the worship space and its iconic program, the calendar of saints, the music of the service, and other performative aspects of the celebration. The work concludes with a summary of the reception of their efforts gathered from an interview project that explored their liturgical life
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology
Rydhagen, Danielsson Maria. "Förskoleutveckling genom dokumentation? ”För dokumenterar jag ingenting, hur vet jag då att det har skett en utveckling?”." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27190.
Full textSchmidt, Jimmy, and Eric Valfridsson. "Revision inom restaurangbranschen : Hur revisorn söker kontroll över kontanthanteringen och hur den interna kontrollen sköts i en utsatt bransch." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15268.
Full textPurpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate auditing in the catering industry and to gain better understanding of the difficulties faced. Its purpose is also to seek detailed information on how a restaurants internal control is handled. This study will present interesting views on how the auditing process can be simplified in the catering business. Background: To monitor the company's assets can be a problem area which can exist in all operating companies. In these are usually revenues the major part within a company and it is therefore important that the company has control on this record. The catering business is one of the most cheating prone businesses; this is shown in a review done by the Swedish Tax Agency. There is a problem to ensure that all cash from sales actually end up at checkout. To prevent this, it is beneficial to have a system of internal control. Method: In this study, the qualitative method has been used to accomplish the purpose of the thesis and answer the problem statement. The studies primary data are based on face-to-face interviews with five qualified accountants, who have experience in the catering business. In addition to this, two restaurant owners and two tax accountants were interviewed in order to gain a deeper understanding of all the issues involved. Conclusion: The practical approach in auditing firms in the catering business is no different compared to other businesses except greater focus on revenue recognition. Given that the majority of the catering business consists of smaller restaurant companies, they are considered to have a major problem with having a well functional internal control is substantive testing in general practices relating to the audit of companies in the catering industry. Most indications are that the restaurant company's need for systematic internal control depends to a large portion of its sales and owner's role in the company. The most reasonable interpretation is that cash management is the main underlying problem area in the catering business.
Sket, Michael W. [Verfasser]. "The Composition of Private Capital Flows to Emerging Market Economies : Theory and Empirical Evidence / Michael W Sket." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162791241/34.
Full textLindberg, Philip, and Asal Ghiassee-Tari. "Har det skett en kvalitetsförändring i och med avskaffandet av revisionsplikten för småföretag? : Kvalitativ studie med utgångspunkt från tre intressentgrupper." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-48169.
Full textFelicia, Skorsdal. "Har det skett en förändring i abborrens (Perca fluviatilis) tillväxt i sjön Tåkern mellan år 1978 jämfört med år 2019?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166765.
Full textwadii, sara, mahsa shirkhan, and Henrik Snell. "Work To Home- Home To Work : En kvalitativ studie om förändringen som skett i kommunikationen mellan ledare och medarbetare på distans." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54468.
Full textLinnanheimo, Elisabeth. "Betyg och bedömning : Har det skett någon förändring från 2001 till 2012 i kommunikationen mellan lärare och elever gällande betyg och bedömning?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-26881.
Full textLandfors, Oskar, and Åsa Andersson. "Sociala nätverk och det ökade användandet : En studie om det har skett en normförskjutning av användandet samt hur det relaterar till traditionellt beroende." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73190.
Full textVretlund, Carina. ""Dom som hade bra betyg behandlade dom som kungligheter, vi andra typ sket dom i" : En samtalsanalytiskt orienterad narrativ analys av IV-elevers berättelser." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för språkdidaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54433.
Full textBerggren, Linnea, and Raja Matta. "Hållbarhetsrapportering : “Hur påverkar den nya lagstiftningen (2016:947) de företag som tidigare inte haft en fullständig hållbarhetsrapportering, samt vilka möjliga förändringar har skett i företagens strukturer, processer och prioriteringar?”." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-68512.
Full textJern, Maria. "”Det var inte såhär pedagogiskt liksom, så då eh... Då sket jag i det!” : En kvalitativ studie om teknik i undervisning och i övning bland stråkmusiker." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Musikhögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-72813.
Full textÖhman, Mägi Daniel. "”Jag tycker alla människor ska prova spela rollspel” : - En intervjustudie om hur rollspelare ser på sina erfarenheter och den utveckling som har skett gällande rollspel från 1990-talet fram till 2016." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133075.
Full textPapargyris, Loukas. "Mécanismes de génération des macrophages immunorégulateurs humains : rôle de l’axe IL-27 / Adénosine / PGE2 The ecto-ATPDase CD39 is involved in the acquisition of the immunoregulatory phenotype by M-CSF-macrophages and ovarian cancer tumor-associated macrophages: Regulatory role of IL-27 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Skews Human DC to Prime IL10-Producing T Cells Through TLR2/6/JNK Signaling and IL-10, IL-27, CD39, and IDO-1 Induction." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0038.
Full textThe purpose of the present thesis is to study the molecular mechanisms associated with the polarization of human macrophages towards an immunoregulatory phenotype, similar to that of tumor associated macrophages (TAM). Laboratory data have shown the role of IL-27 in this process, mostly by its capacity to modulate CD39 expression, which controls, at least in part, the acquisition of an immunoregulatory phenotype by human macrophages.The purpose of this work was to specify the molecular mechanisms involved in the acquisition of the regulatory phenotype, downstream IL-27. The results confirm the central role of adenosine, and therefore of the ectonucleotidase CD39, and identify the molecule PGE2 in the functional polarization of immunoregulatory macrophages. These data confirm the importance of IL-27 in the generation of human immunoregulatory macrophages and specify the involved molecular mechanisms. Over the long term, these results will allow to evaluate new strategies in the treatment of solid tumors, whose local immunosuppression is associated with a strong infiltrate of CD39-expressing macrophages
Chen, George Albert, and 陳喬治. "Improving momentum strategies using volatility skews and distance-to-default measures." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71239868621635937855.
Full text國立交通大學
財務金融研究所
102
Stock market momentum is the result of a gradual diffusion of information in the market, and related trading strategies have a tendency of suffering from infrequent but strong and persistent negative returns, especially during periods of high market volatility. This research focuses on improving the momentum strategy designed by Menzly and Ozbas (2010) with the goal of dampening the effects of market crashes. We do this by adding information from options markets and a measure for credit risk. For our particular strategy, volatility smirks are effective at reducing the magnitude and frequency of negative returns, and the distance-to-default measure has the effect of increasing returns when recent returns are high, although it does not have much of an effect on reducing negative returns.
Huang, Li-Ying, and 黃麗英. "Reading the Gender Discourse of skits of Viriety Shows on Three Televisions." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27641427441863549690.
Full textChen, Chi, and 陳琦. "Quantitative analysis of mutation and selection pressures on base composition skews in bacterial chromosomes." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68219471554625354770.
Full text國立陽明大學
生物醫學資訊研究所
96
Most bacterial chromosomes exhibit asymmetry of base composition with respect to leading vs. lagging strands (GC and AT skew). These skew reflect mainly those in protein coding sequences, which are driven by asymmetric mutation pressures during replication and transcription (notably asymmetric cytosine deamination) plus subsequent selection for preferred structures, signals, amino acid or codons. The transcription-associated effects contribute to the overall skew through the uneven distribution of the coding sequences on the leading and lagging strands; the replication-associated effects, on the other hand, through the entire chromosome. In this study, I analyzed 185 representative bacterial chromosomes and the results showed diverse and characteristic patterns of skew among different clades. The base composition skew in the coding sequences were used to derive quantitatively the effect of replication-driven mutation plus subsequent selection (‘replication-associated pressure’, RAP), and the effect of transcription-driven mutation plus subsequent selection at translation level (‘transcription-associate pressure’, TAP). While different clades exhibit distinct patterns of RAP and TAP, RAP is absent or nearly absent in some bacteria, but TAP is present in all. The selection pressure at the translation level is evident in all bacteria based on the analysis of the skew at the three codon positions. Contribution of asymmetric cytosine deamination was found to be weak to TAP in most phyla, and strong to RAP in all the Proteobacteria but weak in most of the Firmicutes. This possibly reflects the differences in their chromosomal replication machineries. A strong negative correlation between TAP and G+C content and between TAP and chromosomal size, as well as a strong positive correlation between RAP and difference of codon usage preference of each amino acid between two replicating strands were revealed. Comparing skew differences between homologous DNA sequences of closely-related species showed formidable impacts in base substitutions. These results provide opportunities for comparative bioinformatic and genetic investigations to uncover the underlying principles for mutation and selection.
Bray, Adam. "A Low Jitter Analog Circuit for Precisely Correcting Timing Skews in Time Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8053.
Full textYou-EnYang and 楊侑恩. "Rab37-mediated exocytosis of IL-6 skews M2 polarization and activates STAT3 signaling in macrophages to promote lung cancer progression." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3at7kz.
Full text國立成功大學
藥理學研究所
107
Background: Recent studies have revealed that bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment contribute to tumor progression. Our preliminary data showed that mice systemically lacking Rab37 (Rab37 KO) suppressed tumor growth of subcutaneously injected with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Interestingly, Rab37 KO mice displayed low infiltration of pro-tumor M2 macrophages in LLC allografts, suggesting that Rab37 possesses pro-tumor functions in tumor microenvironment. However, the role of Rab37 small GTPase-mediated exocytosis in stromal macrophages remains unknown. Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether Rab37-mediated exocytosis skews macrophages toward M2 polarization and explore the mechanism involved. Results: Our quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry data showed that bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from Rab37 KO mice suppressed M2 macrophages polarization. Next, we performed the cytokine/chemokine arrays to reveal Rab37-mediated cytokines using conditioned media of BMDMs derived from wild-type (WT) or Rab37 KO mice. Interestingly, among the differential cytokines/chemokines, the secreted level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlated with Rab37 expression in BMDMs. Vesicle isolation revealed that IL-6 enriched in Rab37-specific vesicles in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. ELISA and immunofluorescence (IF) images confirmed that Rab37 mediated IL-6 secretion in RAW264.7 cell in a GTPase nucleotide-dependent manner, i.e., IL6 secretion was upregulated in RAW264.7 cells expressing Rab37WT and GTP-bound Rab37Q89L. In addition, our cDNA microarray data showed that BMDMs from Rab37 KO mice displayed increased IFN-I signaling pathways compared to those from WT BMDMs after LLC conditional medium treatment. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and pathway analysis demonstrated that IFNα/β genes and STAT1 downstream interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) were upregulated in Rab37 KO BMDMs. qRT-PCR assays confirmed the increased expression of IFNβ and ISGs genes, including IFIT3, IRF7 and Mx1 in BMDMs from Rab37 KO mice. In contrast, expression of these genes was decreased in Rab37 overexpressing RAW264.7 cells, which led to increased expression of M2 marker genes Arg1 and Ym1. Indeed, ELISA data showed that the level of IFN-β was decreased in Rab37WT and Rab37Q89L RAW264.7 cells. Among type I IFN upstream transcription factors, we validated that STAT3 inhibited STAT1/IRF3 nuclear translocalization and suppressed type I IFN-associated genes expression through Rab37 mediated IL-6 secretion by immunoblotting and IF image. Conclusions: Our results uncover a novel role of Rab37-mediated IL-6 secretion in regulating type I IFN signaling to skew macrophage polarization toward M2. Therapeutic strategies targeting Rab37/IL-6 axis in stromal macrophages in tumor microenvironment is a testable approach in the future.