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Foote, Janet Anne. "Dietary fat association with nonmelanoma skin cancer among predisposed individuals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284193.
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Although cell and animal studies support an association between nonmelanoma skin cancer and dietary fat, few studies have assessed this relationship among humans. This study assessed the relationship among participants in a five-year chemoprevention trial completed at the Arizona Cancer Center. This design allowed efficient investigation into the association of dietary fat with development of skin basal (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among high risk individuals. Three manuscripts were written to examine the dietary characteristics of the study population, factors associated with basal and squamous cell skin cancer occurrence, and the association of dietary fat and other dietary components with skin cancer incidence. The hypothesis was that dietary fat, and linoleic acid in particular, would increase the risk of SCC occurrence. Using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, usual dietary intake of the volunteers, aged 51 to 85 years, was generally consistent with intakes reported by other studies. However, more than half of the participants consumed less than the recommended levels of vitamin D, folate, calcium, and dairy and grain foods. Among participants randomly assigned to the control intervention with no prior history of skin cancer, the incidence of BCC and SCC was 3629 and 2671 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Only age independently predicted BCC incidence, while male gender, naturally red hair color, years of residency in Arizona as an adult, and age predicted SCC incidence. Dietary fat was not associated with the development of BCC among these high risk individuals. Estimated daily intake of total fat and oleic acid were weakly associated with SCC occurrence (p = 0.09 and p = 0.06) and linoleic acid was not associated. Neither total dietary fat nor any specific fatty acid were associated with reduction in time to first occurrence or total number of skin cancers. Dietary vitamin C and vitamin E, antioxidants that could potentially reduce cellular protein damage from the oxidative compounds formed by ultraviolet penetration, were also not associated with BCC or SCC development.
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Turgeon, Jacques. "La planification stratégique et les organismes sans but lucratif : le cas de la station Ski mont Kanasuta /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Pak, Fatemeh. "HHV-8/KSHV association with tumor cells during development of Kaposi sarcoma /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/20060202pak/.
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Chen, Minzhen. "Meiguo tu shu guan xue hui yu Yingguo tu shu guan xue hui dui tu shu guan shi ye fa zhan zhi bi jiao yan jiu." Taibei Shi ; Niuyue : Han mei tu shu you xian gong si, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=6LTSAAAAMAAJ.
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Jackson, Sarah. "Studies on cutaneous human papillomaviruses and their association with non-melanoma skin cancer." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392129.
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Stumpp, Sebastien. "Le ski associatif en Alsace au temps du Reichsland (1896-1914) : tensions nationales, oppositions sociales, jeux institutionnels." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20058.
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Notre travail s’attache à analyser le processus d’émergence et de diffusion du ski associatif en Alsace entre 1896 et 1914. Annexée au Reich depuis 1871, cette région constitue le lieu d’implantation de nombreux immigrés venus de l’ensemble des provinces de l’Empire. Les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec les populations locales sont profondément déterminés par l’état des tensions politiques et sociales. L’étude du processus d’autonomisation sportive du ski, appréhendé à travers le concept de « configuration locale » (Elias), représente de ce point de vue une entrée intéressante pour comprendre les liens complexes qui se nouent entre autochtones et immigrés. La première partie (1896-1908) décrit les conditions d’introduction de cette pratique dans la région et les enjeux de fondation d’une Fédération de ski d’Alsace-Lorraine. La seconde partie (1908-1914) analyse le fonctionnement fédéral entre imposition du référent compétitif et revendications nationalesOur work consists in analyzing the process of emergence and spreading of ski clubs in Alsace between 1896 and 1914, This region was annexed to the German Reich in 1871 and became a settling place for immigrants from all the provinces of the empire. The relationship established with the local populations remains, throughout the annexation period (1871-1918), deeply determined by the state of the political and social tensions. The study of the process of sportization of skiing is from that point of view, an interesting entry to understand the complex links established between the locals and the immigrants and, finally, the local configuration (Elias). The first part (1896-1908) describes the conditions of appropriation of the skiing practice and the creation of the Fédération de ski d'Alsace-Lorraine. The second part (1908-1914) describes the consequences of federal development, between the imposition of a competitive reference and national tensions
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Schenkel, Marc. "Intradermal skin testing in cats using fluorescein reveals a high association with abdominal skin lesions as a possible hallmark for atopic cats /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Sinikumpu, S. P. (Suvi-Päivikki). "Skin diseases and their association with systemic diseases in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217888.
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Abstract Skin diseases are common: one in every three of all general practice patients have at least one dermatological problem. However, epidemiological studies addressing the overall prevalence of skin diseases are sparse. The skin is the largest organ in the body and it has several vital and immunological functions. Cutaneous signs are often the first manifestation of many systemic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the overall prevalence, and the distribution according to sex and socioeconomic status, of skin diseases in an adult population. The study particularly focused on multiple melanocytic naevi and their risk factors because multiple melanocytic naevi are the strongest risk factor for melanoma. A further aim was to analyse the association between cutaneous disorders and systemic conditions; specifically to determine whether abnormal skin findings in toe webs have an association with abnormal glucose metabolism and whether skin diseases have a relationship with systemic low-grade inflammation. For these purposes a comprehensive dermatological evaluation was performed as a part of the 46-year follow-up survey of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Data on this cohort have been collected since birth. Numerous laboratory tests were also performed cross-sectionally during the 46-year follow-up survey, including an oral glucose tolerance test and the measurement of fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin fraction. High sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured as a marker of low-grade inflammation. Over half (60%) of the 1 932 individuals examined had at least one skin disorder requiring further treatment. The need for treatment was more common in males and those with lower socioeconomic status. Multiple melanocytic naevi were found in 12% of individuals; high educational level, male sex and fair skin type increased the risk. Abnormal skin findings in toe web spaces was associated with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. Atopic eczema, rosacea and onychomycosis were associated with low-grade inflammation. This unique study with nearly 2 000 subjects reports for the first time the overall prevalence of skin diseases in an unselected Finnish population. Its findings support the previous postulate that skin diseases are common in adults and suggest that skin evaluation should be an essential part of routine medical examinations in clinical practiceTiivistelmä Ihotaudit ovat yleisiä, ja jopa 30 %:lla yleislääkärin potilaista on jokin ihoon liittyvä ongelma. Väestötason tutkimuksia ihotaudeista on kuitenkin niukasti. Iho on ihmisen suuri elin, ja sillä on useita tärkeitä tehtäviä, kuten osallistuminen immunologiseen puolustukseen. Monet yleissairaudet voivat näkyä iholla jo ennen taudin puhkeamista ja ihoilmentymät voivat olla varhaisia merkkejä piilevästä sairaudesta. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli määrittää ihotautien esiintyvyys aikuisväestössä sekä ihotautien jakautuminen sukupuolen ja sosiaalisen aseman suhteen. Lisäksi tarkoituksena oli selvittää runsasluomisuuden (yli 50 pigmenttiluomea) esiintyvyyttä ja sen riskitekijöitä, sillä runsasluomisuus on melanooman merkittävin riskitekijä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli myös selvittää ihotautien yhteyttä yleissairauksiin, kuten poikkeavien varvasvälilöydösten yhteyttä häiriintyneeseen sokeriaineenvaihduntaan sekä matala-asteisen tulehduksen ja ihotautien välistä yhteyttä. Osana Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966:n 46-vuotistarkastusta tehtiin kokonaisvaltainen ihon tutkiminen yhteensä 1 932:lle tutkimushenkilölle vuosina 2012–13. Samassa yhteydessä tutkittavilta määritettiin paastoverensokeri ja pitkäaikainen verensokeri sekä tehtiin sokerirasitustesti sokeriaineenvaihdunnan häiriön toteamiseksi. Matala-asteisen tulehduksen arvioimiseksi määritettiin herkkä C-reaktiivinen proteiini. Tutkimusjoukon pitkäaikaiset taustatiedot perustuivat syntymäkohortin aiempiin aineistoihin. Tutkittavista 60 %:lla todettiin jokin hoitoa vaativa ihotauti. Hoidon tarve oli suurempaa miehillä ja matalammissa sosiaaliluokissa. Runsasluomisuutta esiintyi 12 %:lla, ja korkea koulutustaso, miessukupuoli ja vaalea ihotyyppi lisäsivät riskiä. Varvasväleissä esiintyvät muutokset liittyivät diagnosoimattomaan diabetekseen. Atooppinen ihottuma, ruusufinni ja kynsien sieni-infektioon sopivat muutokset olivat yhteydessä matala-asteiseen tulehdukseen. Tämä lähes 2 000 henkilön koko ihon kliiniseen tutkimukseen perustuva työ raportoi ensimmäistä kertaa ihotautien yleistä esiintyvyyttä suomalaisessa, valikoitumattomassa väestössä. Tutkimus tukee aiempaa oletusta, jonka mukaan ihotaudit ovat aikuisväestössä yleisiä; ihon tutkiminen tulisi olla oleellinen osa potilaan kliinistä perustutkimusta
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Lovatt, Tracy J. "Association of ultraviolet radiation and genetic polymorphism with clinical phenotype in non melanoma skin cancer patients." Thesis, Keele University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409551.
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Gontijo, Guerra Samantha. "Affections dermatologiques et troubles dépressifs : leur association chez les personnes âgées du Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/107.
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Résumé : Les liens entre les maladies dermatologiques et les troubles de santé mentale, dont la dépression, sont reconnus depuis longtemps. Cependant, peu d’études de population ont examiné cette problématique et aucune n’a été faite auprès des aînés. Le but de ce mémoire est d’explorer l’association entre les affections dermatologiques et les troubles dépressifs chez les personnes âgées vivant à domicile. Pour ce faire, deux études ont été réalisées. La première visait à décrire les caractéristiques dermatologiques de la population à l’étude et la deuxième avait pour but de tester l’hypothèse d’une association bidirectionnelle entre les problèmes mentionnés. Il s’agit d’une analyse secondaire des données de l’Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés (ESA) qui a été menée auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de la population âgée (≥ 65 ans) vivant à domicile au Québec. Des mesures répétées à un an d’intervalle (T1 et T2) ont été obtenues auprès de 2 cohortes successives fixes. Les données de l’enquête ESA ont été appariées à celles des registres de la Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ). Les troubles dépressifs ont été définis en se basant sur les critères du DSM-IV et les affections dermatologiques ont été mesurées à partir de deux sources de données (enquête et registres administratifs de la RAMQ). Des modèles autorégressifs bivariés ont été utilisés pour tester l’hypothèse d’association bidirectionnelle entre les affections dermatologiques et les troubles dépressifs. Nos résultats ont montré que près de 13% et 21% des répondants ont rapporté des affections dermatologiques auto-rapportées ou avaient été diagnostiqués selon les registres de la RAMQ. En plus, près de 6% des participants rapportaient un trouble dépressif probable au T1 et au T2. Nos résultats suggèrent la présence d’une association synchronique (transversale) entre les affections dermatologiques et les troubles dépressifs. Ce projet souligne l’importance d’évaluer et d’explorer la cooccurrence de ces deux pathologies afin d’améliorer la prise en charge des individus atteints simultanément par ces deux problèmes. Nous suggérons l'inclusion des affections dermatologiques dans les futures études épidémiologiques visant à explorer les liens entre les troubles de santé mentale et de santé physique chez les personnes âgées.//Abstract : The relationship between skin conditions and mental health disorders, which includes depression, has long been recognized. However, few population - based studies have examined this issue and none were carried out in older - adults. The aim of this project was to explore the associations between skin conditions and depressive disorders affecting the elderly living at home. To do this, two studies were conducted; the first aimed to describe the dermatological features of the study population. The second was designed to test the hypothesis of a bidirectional association between the conditions mentioned above. We carried out secondary data analyses from data collected in the Study on the Health of Seniors (ESA ) survey, which consisted of a representative sample of the elderly population (≥ 65 years) living at home in Quebec. Two repeated measurements one year apart (T1 and T2) were obtained from two fixed successive cohorts. Participants in both phases of the investigation and with available health service information from Quebec’s health insurance plan agency (Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec - RAMQ) were selected for this project. Depressive disorders were defined based on DSM - IV criteria and dermatological conditions were measured from two data sources (survey and administrative records). Cross - lagged panel models were used to test the hypothesis of association between the two mentioned conditions. Our results showed that nearly 13% and 21% of respondents have self - reported and diagnosed skin conditions, respectively. In addition, about 6% of participants reported symptoms that were consistent with a probable depressive disorder on T1 and T2. Our results suggested the presence of synchronous (cross - sectional) associations between skin conditions and depressive disorders in the elderly. This research highlights the importance of assessing and exploring the co - occurrence of these two conditions to improve the management of individuals who are affected. We suggest the inclusion of dermatological conditions in future/further studies exploring the comorbidity between mental and physical health in the older adults.
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Stapleton, Jerod L., Elliot J. Coups, and Joel J. Hillhouse. "The American Suntanning Association: A “Science-First Organization” With a Biased Scientific Agenda." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/56.
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Pincott, Cynthia. "Observations on the association of androgen-receptor complexes with the nuclear matrix of human genital skin fibroblasts." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63847.
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Porter, III Jake Johnson. "The Association of Subscapular and Triceps Skin-Fold Thickness with the Risk of Diabetes in African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian Adults." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/28.
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JAKE J. PORTER III The association of subscapular and triceps skin-fold thickness with the risk of Diabetes in African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian Adults (Under the direction of IKE S. OKOSUN, Ph.D.) Background: Studies linking adiposity with chronic morbidity are often restricted to obesity defined by body mass index and/or waist circumference. Few studies have examined the relationship between adiposity defined using body habitus and chronic diseases. Objective: We examined the potential association of subscapular and triceps skin-fold thickness with the risk of diabetes in African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic American adults. Methods: Data (n=4,808) from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on each anthropometric measure. Statistical adjustments were made for several known covariates. Results: There were racial/ethnic differences in associations between subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Skinfold thickness was associated with type 2 diabetes in White, Black and Hispanic Americans. Well designed public health strategies to enhance lifestyle modification programs to reduce weight gain may reduce aberrant fat distribution in these body regions and decreases in type 2 diabetes.
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Gontijo, Guerra Samantha. "Affections dermatologiques et troubles d??pressifs : leur association chez les personnes ??g??es du Qu??bec." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/107.
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R??sum?? : Les liens entre les maladies dermatologiques et les troubles de sant?? mentale, dont la d??pression, sont reconnus depuis longtemps. Cependant, peu d?????tudes de population ont examin?? cette probl??matique et aucune n???a ??t?? faite aupr??s des a??n??s. Le but de ce m??moire est d???explorer l???association entre les affections dermatologiques et les troubles d??pressifs chez les personnes ??g??es vivant ?? domicile. Pour ce faire, deux ??tudes ont ??t?? r??alis??es. La premi??re visait ?? d??crire les caract??ristiques dermatologiques de la population ?? l?????tude et la deuxi??me avait pour but de tester l???hypoth??se d???une association bidirectionnelle entre les probl??mes mentionn??s. Il s???agit d???une analyse secondaire des donn??es de l???Enqu??te sur la Sant?? des A??n??s (ESA) qui a ??t?? men??e aupr??s d???un ??chantillon repr??sentatif de la population ??g??e (??? 65 ans) vivant ?? domicile au Qu??bec. Des mesures r??p??t??es ?? un an d???intervalle (T1 et T2) ont ??t?? obtenues aupr??s de 2 cohortes successives fixes. Les donn??es de l???enqu??te ESA ont ??t?? appari??es ?? celles des registres de la R??gie de l???assurance maladie du Qu??bec (RAMQ). Les troubles d??pressifs ont ??t?? d??finis en se basant sur les crit??res du DSM-IV et les affections dermatologiques ont ??t?? mesur??es ?? partir de deux sources de donn??es (enqu??te et registres administratifs de la RAMQ). Des mod??les autor??gressifs bivari??s ont ??t?? utilis??s pour tester l???hypoth??se d???association bidirectionnelle entre les affections dermatologiques et les troubles d??pressifs. Nos r??sultats ont montr?? que pr??s de 13% et 21% des r??pondants ont rapport?? des affections dermatologiques auto-rapport??es ou avaient ??t?? diagnostiqu??s selon les registres de la RAMQ. En plus, pr??s de 6% des participants rapportaient un trouble d??pressif probable au T1 et au T2. Nos r??sultats sugg??rent la pr??sence d???une association synchronique (transversale) entre les affections dermatologiques et les troubles d??pressifs. Ce projet souligne l???importance d?????valuer et d???explorer la cooccurrence de ces deux pathologies afin d???am??liorer la prise en charge des individus atteints simultan??ment par ces deux probl??mes. Nous sugg??rons l'inclusion des affections dermatologiques dans les futures ??tudes ??pid??miologiques visant ?? explorer les liens entre les troubles de sant?? mentale et de sant?? physique chez les personnes ??g??es.//Abstract : The relationship between skin conditions and mental health disorders, which includes depression, has long been recognized. However, few population - based studies have examined this issue and none were carried out in older - adults. The aim of this project was to explore the associations between skin conditions and depressive disorders affecting the elderly living at home. To do this, two studies were conducted; the first aimed to describe the dermatological features of the study population. The second was designed to test the hypothesis of a bidirectional association between the conditions mentioned above. We carried out secondary data analyses from data collected in the Study on the Health of Seniors (ESA ) survey, which consisted of a representative sample of the elderly population (??? 65 years) living at home in Quebec. Two repeated measurements one year apart (T1 and T2) were obtained from two fixed successive cohorts. Participants in both phases of the investigation and with available health service information from Quebec???s health insurance plan agency (R??gie de l'assurance maladie du Qu??bec - RAMQ) were selected for this project. Depressive disorders were defined based on DSM - IV criteria and dermatological conditions were measured from two data sources (survey and administrative records). Cross - lagged panel models were used to test the hypothesis of association between the two mentioned conditions. Our results showed that nearly 13% and 21% of respondents have self - reported and diagnosed skin conditions, respectively. In addition, about 6% of participants reported symptoms that were consistent with a probable depressive disorder on T1 and T2. Our results suggested the presence of synchronous (cross - sectional) associations between skin conditions and depressive disorders in the elderly. This research highlights the importance of assessing and exploring the co - occurrence of these two conditions to improve the management of individuals who are affected. We suggest the inclusion of dermatological conditions in future/further studies exploring the comorbidity between mental and physical health in the older adults.
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Ljungkvist, Holm Cecilia. ""Det är ju mycket som ska klaffa" : En intervjustudie över styrelsens upplevelse av jämställdhetsarbetet i sin egen idrottsförening." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för folkhälso- och idrottssvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30197.
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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur olika idrottsföreningar arbetar med jämställdhetsfrågor och hur de upplever att det arbetet fungerar. Det genomfördes fem semi-strukturerade intervjuer med förtroendevalda i styrelsen för föreningarna och därefter med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys togs det manifesta innehållet fram. Resultatet visade att brist på resurser begränsar föreningarnas jämställdhetsarbete samt hur föreningar arbetar utifrån beteendeförändringar och uppfattningar kring könsnormer i samhället. Riksidrottsförbundet arbetar strategiskt med jämställdhetsfrågor på nationell nivå dock visar resultatet att arbetet inte når fram ända till den operativa nivån ute hos föreningarna.The purpose of this study was to investigate how different sports associations work with gender equality and how they experience that work operate. Whit help from five semistructured interviews with informants from the boards in the associations and a qualitative contant analysis the results shows that time, money and knowledge was a barrier against working whit gender equality. The result also showed that the associations works whit behavioral changes regarding attitudes and languages. Riksidrottsförbundet work strategically with gender equality on a national level however the results shows that the work does not reach the operational level in the associations.
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LAZZARINI, PAOLA. "Cattolici al lavoro: Valori religiosi e scelte lavorative nel vissuto di sei organizzazioni d' ispirazione cristiana." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/420.
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La tesi indaga, attraverso un percorso di ricerca qualitativa, la relazione tra appartenenza religiosa e scelte professionali dei membri e dei dirigenti di cinque associazioni d’ispirazione cattolica impegnate sul tema del lavoro e di un sindacato.
Il percorso di ricerca teorico si è svolto su due filoni: uno che prendeva in esame i temi propri della Sociologia del lavoro, le tesi attorno alla fine dell’epoca del lavoro e il ruolo del lavoro nella costruzione dell’identità; il secondo di Sociologia della religione e dunque la persistenza della religione nella sfera pubblica tra paradigma della secolarizzazione e nuove teorie, ma anche alcuni approfondimenti storici sul movimento cattolico e dottrinari sul lavoro nella dottrina sociale.
L’indagine empirica ha evidenziato la difficoltà di parlare del significato e del valore personalmente attribuito al lavoro, ma anche il ruolo di mediazione di significati svolto dall’associazione: dalle interviste infatti è emerso che proprio nella mediazione della mission associativa si trova la chiave del rapporto fede-lavoro.
Alla luce di tali risultati è stata ipotizzata una classificazione delle associazioni in base alla visione del lavoro che propongono.The thesis investigates, through a qualitative search, the relationship among religious affiliation and professional choices of the members and the executives of five associations of Catholic inspiration and a labor union. The theoretical research had been developed on two seams: one based on themes proper of the Sociology of the job, the theses around the end of the epoch of the job and the role of the job in the construction of the identity; the second of Sociology of the religion and therefore the persistence of the religion in the public sphere between paradigm of the secularization and new theories, but also some historical close examinations on the movement Catholic and on the theme of "work" in the catholic social doctrine. The empirical investigation underlined the difficulty of speaking about the meaning of the job and the value personally attributed to the job, but also the role of mediation of meanings developed by the association: interviews reveal that is in the mediation of the associative mission the key of the relationship faith-job.
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Sohel, Nazmul. "Epidemiological and Spatial Association between Arsenic Exposure via Drinking Water and Morbidity and Mortality population based studies in rural Bangladesh /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121788.
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Rönnberg, Nico. "Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting (SKL) – en postkorporativ kvarleva eller en kvasistatlig hybrid? : En undersökning av SKL:s roll och inflytande i två politiska beslutsprocesser." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159195.
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The aim of this thesis is to study the role and the influence of the Swedish local government association, SALAR, which is an interest group representing all of the Swedish local authorities and regions. As a result of a change in exercising public power from government to multi-level governance that has reinforced subnational level, including local authorities and regions, SALAR is today a significant actor. It has an intermediating role in the relation between the government and local and regional authorities. SALAR is a hybrid organization that has interest group and governmental characteristics. It is a player competing with other interest groups in a pluralistic system but it is also a corporatist negotiation partner of the government that has a privileged access to central government decision-making. This study uses a comparative case study method analyzing two policy processes to study and describe what kind of role and influence SALAR has in these processes and how the role and the influence of SALAR can be understood from an interest group perspective and a multi-level governance perspective. The described and analyzed policy processes are Kömiljarden, an effectivity effort in Swedish public health care system, and the introduction of the teacher license system in Swedish schools. The empirical material used in this thesis consists of official publications published by public authorities, the parliament and the government as well as interviews with officials representing public authorities, the government and SALAR. The results presented in this thesis show that SALAR in line with previous research on local government associations in other countries, has a role as an intermediator with a privileged access to central government and central decision-making. It is a partner that central government negotiates with and which has the task of informing about the local and regional circumstances. Its influence can also be analyzed in connection to these negotiations. SALAR is in many ways stuck in the structure of decision-making, which is operated by central government while still being in competition with interest groups, such as the teacher unions.
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Moreira, Gabriel Costa Monteiro. "Genome-wide association studies reveal genomic regions and positional candidate genes for fat deposition in chickens." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-17072018-191146/.
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Excess of fat deposition is a negative factor for poultry production, which affects feed efficiency and consequently the costs of meat production. The incorporation of genomic tools in poultry breeding programs may help to accelerate the selection for increased production efficiency. In this context, we genotyped approximately 2,000 42 days-old chickens from two different populations (Brazilian F2 Chicken Resource population and TT broiler Reference Population) using a high-density SNP array (600K, Affymetrix) to estimate genomic heritability of fatness-related traits, to identify genomic regions and positional candidate genes (PCGs) associated with these traits. We performed genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis using GenSel software (Bayesian approach) to identify 1 Mb genomic windows associated with abdominal fat, skin and carcass fat content traits. The search for PCGs were made within each genomic windows associated considering their Gene Ontology (GO) terms and also the literature information. We also integrated into this study NGS-SNPs data from both populations and selection signature regions identified in Brazilian F2 Chicken Resource population to refine the list of PCGs. The genomic heritability values for fatness-related traits were from moderate to high (greater than 0.30). We identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for abdominal fat, skin and carcass fat content traits harboring several PCGs involved in biological processes of fat deposition. We identified several NGS-SNPs annotated in potential functional regions in our PCGs and some of those were predicted as deleterious and high impact mutations. Besides that, some genes overlapped with selection signature regions in Brazilian F2 Chicken Resource population. Important candidate genes for fat deposition were identified, providing new insights to achieve a better understanding of the genetic control of fat deposition in chickens.O excesso de deposição de gordura é um fator negativo para a produção de aves, o que afeta a eficiência alimentar e consequentemente os custos da produção de carne. A incorporação das ferramentas genômicas em programas de melhoramento de aves pode ajudar a acelerar a seleção para aumentar a eficiência da produção. Neste contexto, genotipamos cerca de 2.000 aves de 42 dias de duas populações diferentes (população F2 experimental brasileira e população de corte referência TT) usando um chip de SNPs de alta densidade (600K, Affymetrix) para estimar a herdabilidade genômica de características relacionadas à deposição de gordura, para identificar regiões genômicas e genes candidatos posicionais (PCGs) associados a essas características. Realizamos análises de associação genômica ampla (GWAS) usando o programa GenSel (abordagem Bayesiana) para identificar janelas genômicas de 1 Mb associadas com características de gordura abdominal, pele e conteúdo de gordura na carcaça. A busca por PCGs foi feita dentro de cada janela genômica associada, considerando os Gene Ontology (GO) terms e também a informação da literatura. Integramos neste estudo NGS-SNPs identificados em animais parentais de ambas as populações, e além disso, regiões de assinaturas de seleção identificadas na população F2 experimental brasileira para refinar a lista de PCGs. Os valores de herdabilidade genômica para as características relacionadas à gordura foram de moderado a alto (maior que 0,30). Identificamos QTL para características de gordura abdominal, pele e conteúdo de gordura na carcaça contendo PCGs envolvidos em processos biológicos de deposição de gordura. Identificamos vários NGS-SNPs anotados em regiões potencialmente funcionais em nossos PCGs e alguns desses foram preditos como mutações deletérias e de alto impacto. Além disso, alguns genes se sobrepuseram com regiões de assinatura de seleção na população F2 experimental brasileira. Foram identificados importantes genes candidatos para a deposição de gordura, fornecendo novos insights para alcançar uma melhor compreensão do controle genético da deposição de gordura em frangos.
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JAI, VAIDEKI. "SEASONAL VARIATION OF MILK IN CENTRAL VALLEY CALIFORNIA AND THE ASSOCIATION OF MILK VARIATION WITH THE COMPOSITION AND TEXTURE OF LOW MOSITURE PART SKIM MOZZARELLA." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1323.
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The chemical composition of milk (specifically casein, fat, and calcium) is known to affect the quality and functional properties of Mozzarella cheese. Therefore, concentrations of total nitrogen, casein nitrogen, non-casein nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, true nitrogen, casein nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio, casein nitrogen to true nitrogen ratio, fat, total calcium, total solids, somatic cells, and pH were measured in silo milk samples collected weekly over 18-months from a large dairy plant in Central Valley, California from July 2008 to December 2009 to verify changes and correlate to low moisture part skim Mozzarella (LMPS) characteristics. LMPS mozzarella cheese from the same plant was also collected biweekly during the same period and analyzed five days post manufacture for total nitrogen, water soluble nitrogen, total calcium, water soluble calcium, salt, pH, fat in dry matter and total solids and texture properties (i.e., hardness (g), cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness (g), aggregation index (AGI), and percentage cheese loss during shredding). Significant seasonal variations of total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, casein nitrogen, casein nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio, casein nitrogen to true nitrogen ratio, and total calcium in milk were explained using a linear model equivalent to a basic single cosinor model with sine and cosine of week (converted into radians) as predictors. Correlation studies were done between milk composition and cheese composition, milk composition and cheese textural characteristics as well as cheese composition and cheese texture, showing that concentration of total calcium and nitrogen fractions in cheese milk significantly affected the texture and composition of LMPS mozzarella. Also, the cheese total nitrogen, total calcium and water soluble calcium affected the cheese texture. The LMPS Mozzarella that was firmer and more cohesive had less loss during shredding and aggregated to a lesser extent. The milk total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, casein nitrogen, casein to total protein ratio, casein to true protein ratio, and total calcium had positive correlation with each other. However, the milk non-casein nitrogen did not significantly correlate with other nitrogen fractions and total calcium of milk. In addition, there was a significant increase of water soluble nitrogen, percent loss in shredding and aggregation index, and a significant decrease of hardness, and chewiness of LMPS Mozzarella ripened at 8.90 C in comparison to the cheese ripened at 3.30 C for 21 days.
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Aitken, Gillian Roxburgh. "Investigation of UV-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in human skin cells and its association with the individual complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424156.
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Laville, Vincent. "Analyses génomiques de données sur le vieillissement cutané." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1006/document.
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La peau est un excellent modèle d’étude du vieillissement général. En plus de facteurs environnementaux, les facteurs génétiques jouent un rôle majeur dans le vieillissement cutané. Dans le cadre de ma thèse, j’ai eu accès à une cohorte exceptionnelle de 502 femmes caucasiennes très bien caractérisées sur le plan cutané, pour effectuer deux études d’association « génome-entier ». La première étude a montré le rôle joué par le système immunitaire, et en particulier le gène HLA‑C, dans la sévérité des lentigines du visage. La seconde a mis en évidence une association entre le gène H2AFY2 et la sévérité de l’affaissement de la paupière supérieure. La recherche de voies de signalisation biologiques associées à différents indicateurs du vieillissement cutané a souligné le rôle de la mélanogénèse et des mécanismes de réparation de l’ADN.Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans la compréhension des mécanismes inhérents au vieillissement cutané et généralThe skin is an excellent model to study general ageing. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors play a key role in skin ageing mechanisms. During my PhD, I have had access to a unique cohort of 502 Caucasian women very-well characterized regarding their facial features to perform two genome-wide association studies. The first one pointed to the role of the immune system, and especially the HLA‑C gene, in the severity of facial lentigines. The second one identified an association between the H2AFY2 gene and the severity of superior eyelid drooping. I also looked for associations between biological pathways and several skin ageing indicators which underlined the role of the melanogenesis and several mechanisms of DNA repair.Overall, these results lead to new insights in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying skin and global ageing
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Engman, Beatrice. ""Genom samverkan ska föreningen verka" : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om biosfärområdet Östra Vätterbranterna och dess samverkan med samhällsaktörer för att nå hållbarhetsmålen i Agenda 2030." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45575.
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The geographical area Eastern Vätterbranterna has since its initiation as a biosphere reserve according to UNESCO's appointment in 2012 worked towards being a model area in which sustainable development can evolve. This has been done from five sustainability perspectives: the ecological, social, economic, the perspective with broad cooperation and the learning perspective. In 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted Agenda 2030 with its seventeen global sustainability goals and associated 169 sub-goals, which the biosphere association Eastern Vätterbranterna then woven into its work. This qualitative interview study has, with the focus on the biosphere association's seven active focus areas, investigated the biosphere association of Östra Vätterbranternas work with Agenda 2030 in collaboration with the Municipality of Jönköpings and its County Government, within the association, and other community actors. Cooperation has stood as a constant point through both interviews and through one of the questions of issue, conclusions can be established that the Östra Vätterbranterna had served to perform better cooperation within themselves. The Municipality of Jönköping and its County Government looks up to the biosphere association's work with Agenda 2030 and raises collaboration between them as a major success factor, but cooperation between the focus areas in the biosphere association has not achieved its full potential. Furthermore, not all of Agenda 2030's global sustainability goals have been included, but it is something that the biosphere association is constantly working on, which continues to develop all the time, and which can be achieved with the help of other community actors. Cooperation is the concept Agenda 2030 advocates for to achieve the goals and the concept that permeates the biosphere association Eastern Vätterbranterna.Det geografiska området Östra Vätterbranterna har sedan uppstarten som ett biosfärområde enligt UNESCOs utseende 2012 arbetat mot att vara ett modellområde där hållbar utveckling kan rota sig. Detta har de gjort utifrån fem hållbarhetsperspektiv: det ekologiska, sociala, ekonomiska, perspektivet med bred samverkan och det lärande perspektivet. 2015 antog FNs generalförsamling Agenda 2030 med dess sjutton globala hållbarhetsmål och tillhörande 169 delmål, som biosfärföreningen Östra Vätterbranterna därefter har vävt in i sitt arbete. Denna kvalitativa intervjustudie har, med inriktning på biosfärföreningens sju verksamma fokusområden undersökt biosfärföreningen Östra Vätterbranternas arbete med Agenda 2030 i samverkan med Jönköpings kommun och länsstyrelse, inom föreningen, samt andra samhällsaktörer. Samverkan har stått som en stadig punkt genom både intervjustudien och genom frågeställningar har slutsatser kunnat etableras som att Östra Vätterbranterna hade tjänat på att utföra bättre samverkan inom sig själva. Jönköpings kommun och länsstyrelse ser upp till biosfärföreningens arbete med Agenda 2030 och lyfter samverkan som sker mellan dem som en stor framgångsfaktor, men samverkan mellan fokusområdena i biosfärföreningen har inte uppnått dess fulla potential. Sedan har inte alla av Agenda 2030 globala hållbarhetsmål inkluderats, men det är någonting biosfärföreningen ständigt arbetar med, som fortsätter att utvecklas hela tiden och som med hjälp av andra samhällsaktörer kommer kunna uppnås. Samverkan är det koncept Agenda 2030 förespråkar för att kunna nå målen och det koncept som genomsyrar biosfärföreningen Östra Vätterbranterna.
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Graf, Justin T. "Membrane associated transporter protein gene (SLC45A2) and the genetic basis of normal human pigmentation variation." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/25913/.
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This work is concerned with the genetic basis of normal human pigmentation variation. Specifically, the role of polymorphisms within the solute carrier family 45 member 2 (SLC45A2 or membrane associated transporter protein; MATP) gene were investigated with respect to variation in hair, skin and eye colour ― both between and within populations. SLC45A2 is an important regulator of melanin production and mutations in the gene underly the most recently identified form of oculocutaneous albinism. There is evidence to suggest that non-synonymous polymorphisms in SLC45A2 are associated with normal pigmentation variation between populations. Therefore, the underlying hypothesis of this thesis is that polymorphisms in SLC45A2 will alter the function or regulation of the protein, thereby altering the important role it plays in melanogenesis and providing a mechanism for normal pigmentation variation.
In order to investigate the role that SLC45A2 polymorphisms play in human pigmentation variation, a DNA database was established which collected pigmentation phenotypic information and blood samples of more than 700 individuals. This database was used as the foundation for two association studies outlined in this thesis, the first of which involved genotyping two previously-described non-synonymous polymorphisms, p.Glu272Lys and p.Phe374Leu, in four different population groups. For both polymorphisms, allele frequencies were significantly different between population groups and the 272Lys and 374Leu alleles were strongly associated with black hair, brown eyes and olive skin colour in Caucasians. This was the first report to show that SLC45A2 polymorphisms were associated with normal human intra-population pigmentation variation.
The second association study involved genotyping several SLC45A2 promoter polymorphisms to determine if they also played a role in pigmentation variation. Firstly, the transcription start site (TSS), and hence putative proximal promoter region, was identified using 5' RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE). Two alternate TSSs were identified and the putative promoter region was screened for novel polymorphisms using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC). A novel duplication (c.–1176_–1174dupAAT) was identified along with other previously described single nucleotide polymorphisms (c.–1721C>G and c.–1169G>A). Strong linkage disequilibrium ensured that all three polymorphisms were associated with skin colour such that the –1721G, +dup and –1169A alleles were associated with olive skin in Caucasians. No linkage disequilibrium was observed between the promoter and coding region polymorphisms, suggesting independent effects. The association analyses were complemented with functional data, showing that the –1721G, +dup and –1169A alleles significantly decreased SLC45A2 transcriptional activity. Based on in silico bioinformatic analysis that showed these alleles remove a microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) binding site, and that MITF is a known regulator of SLC45A2 (Baxter and Pavan, 2002; Du and Fisher, 2002), it was postulated that SLC45A2 promoter polymorphisms could contribute to the regulation of pigmentation by altering MITF binding affinity.
Further characterisation of the SLC45A2 promoter was carried out using luciferase reporter assays to determine the transcriptional activity of different regions of the promoter. Five constructs were designed of increasing length and their promoter activity evaluated. Constitutive promoter activity was observed within the first ~200 bp and promoter activity increased as the construct size increased. The functional impact of the –1721G, +dup and –1169A alleles, which removed a MITF consensus binding site, were assessed using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and expression analysis of genotyped melanoblast and melanocyte cell lines. EMSA results confirmed that the promoter polymorphisms affected DNA-protein binding. Interestingly, however, the protein/s involved were not MITF, or at least MITF was not the protein directly binding to the DNA. In an effort to more thoroughly characterise the functional consequences of SLC45A2 promoter polymorphisms, the mRNA expression levels of SLC45A2 and MITF were determined in melanocyte/melanoblast cell lines. Based on SLC45A2’s role in processing and trafficking TYRP1 from the trans-Golgi network to stage 2 melanosmes, the mRNA expression of TYRP1 was also investigated. Expression results suggested a coordinated expression of pigmentation genes.
This thesis has substantially contributed to the field of pigmentation by showing that SLC45A2 polymorphisms not only show allele frequency differences between population groups, but also contribute to normal pigmentation variation within a Caucasian population. In addition, promoter polymorphisms have been shown to have functional consequences for SLC45A2 transcription and the expression of other pigmentation genes. Combined, the data presented in this work supports the notion that SLC45A2 is an important contributor to normal pigmentation variation and should be the target of further research to elucidate its role in determining pigmentation phenotypes. Understanding SLC45A2’s function may lead to the development of therapeutic interventions for oculocutaneous albinism and other disorders of pigmentation. It may also help in our understanding of skin cancer susceptibility and evolutionary adaptation to different UV environments, and contribute to the forensic application of pigmentation phenotype prediction.
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Zhu, Jiangang. "Guo yu jia zhi jian Shanghai lin li de shi min tuan ti yu she qu yun dong de min zu zhi = Between the family and the state : an ethnography of the civil associations and community movements in a Shanghai lilong neighborhood /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3066642.
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Mahamat, Saleh Yahya. "Etude des associations entre facteurs nutritionnels et risque de cancers cutanés dans les cohortes E3N et EPIC Citrus Intake and Risk of Skin Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort Patterns of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Dietary Intake and Melanoma Thickness at Diagnosis Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level, Vitamin D Intake, and Risk of Skin Cancers: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Skin Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in French Women. Am JClin Nutr Antioxidant Supplement Use and Risk of Keratinocytes Cancers: A Prospective Cohort Study Baseline and Lifetime Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Skin Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition cohort (EPIC)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR008.
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Titre : Etude des associations entre facteurs nutritionnels et risque de cancers cutanés dans les cohortes E3N et EPICLes cancers cutanés sont les néoplasmes les plus fréquents chez les populations de type Caucasien et leur incidence est en constante augmentation. L'exposition aux rayonnements ultraviolets (UV) est le seul facteur environnemental reconnu comme cause avérée de cancer de la peau et actuellement le seul pour lequel une prévention est possible. Cependant, il apparait de plus en plus probable que certains facteurs nutritionnels, notamment les antioxydants, pourraient empêcher les effets néfastes de l'exposition aux UV et ainsi potentiellement représenter des agents de chimio-prévention des cancers cutanés. Il a également été suggéré que certains groupes d'aliments, tels que les agrumes, les compléments alimentaires, les acides gras, la vitamine D et l'alcool pouvaient être associés à un risque accru de cancers cutanés. Cependant, les études menées jusqu'à présent n'ont pas permis d'émettre de conclusion claire : peu d'études prospectives avec un échantillon suffisamment important et disposant de données sur l'exposition solaire sont disponibles. Il est donc nécessaire de faire progresser nos connaissances dans ce domaine afin de mieux cibler les campagnes de prévention des cancers cutanés.L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’explorer les relations entre les facteurs nutritionnels et le risque de cancers cutanés. Les données utilisées dans ce projet incluent les données de la cohorte E3N, incluant près de 100 000 femmes françaises suivies depuis 1990, les données de la cohorte EPIC, incluant près de 520 000 participants issus de 10 pays européens, et les données du PMP, une étude prospective incluant 700 patients australiens atteints de mélanome suivis depuis 2014. De plus, les données de la littérature sur les liens entre vitamine D et mélanome ont été résumées et poolées dans une revue systématique et une méta-analyse.Nos résultats suggèrent que l’adhérence au régime méditerranéen est associée à risque plus faible de cancers cutanés, plus particulièrement de mélanome et de carcinome baso-cellulaire ; en revanche la prise de compléments alimentaires en bêta-carotène, vitamine A ou E était associée à un risque accru de carcinomes cutanés. De plus, nous avons observé que les consommations d’agrumes ou d’alcool étaient associées à un risque plus élevé de cancers cutanés. Par ailleurs, nos résultats suggèrent qu’une forte consommation d’un régime « riche en viande, poisson et graisses » est associée à l’épaisseur du mélanome. Enfin, les résultats de notre méta-analyse suggèrent que les taux circulants élevés de vitamine D sont associés à un risque accru de mélanome et de carcinomes cutanés.Les travaux de cette thèse ont mis en lumière des relations complexes entre les facteurs nutritionnels et le risque de cancers cutanés. Par ailleurs, ils soulèvent plusieurs questions qu’il serait envisageable d’approfondir dans d’autres études. Si ces résultats sont répliqués, ils pourraient, à terme, avoir un impact sur les stratégies de prévention des cancers cutanés.Mots-clés : cancers cutanés ; régime méditerranéen ; compléments en antioxydants ; agrumes ; alcool ; profils alimentaires ; vitamine D ; cohorte prospective ; méta-analyseTitle: Associations between nutritional factors and skin cancer risk in the E3N and EPIC cohortsSkin cancers are the most frequent neoplasms in Caucasian populations and their incidence has been constantly rising. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is the only environmental risk factor recognized as a cause of skin cancer and the only factor for which prevention is possible. However, it appears increasingly likely that several nutritional factors, particularly antioxidants, could counteract the negative effects of UV exposure and thus potentially represent chemo-preventive agents for skin cancer. It has also been suggested that several food groups, such as citrus, dietary supplements, vitamin D, fatty acids, and alcohol, could be associated with skin cancer risk. However, investigations to date did not allow to draw clear conclusions; few prospective data are indeed available within a sufficiently large sample and available sun exposure data. It is thus crucial to advance our knowledge in this field in order to target skin cancer prevention campaigns more precisely.The objective of this doctoral project was to study the relationships between nutritional factors and skin cancer risk. To achieve our objective, we used data from E3N, a prospective cohort of ~ 100,000 French women followed since 1990, data from EPIC cohort, a prospective cohort involving ~520,000 participants who have been followed-up in 23 centers from 10 European countries, and data from PMP, a prospective study of ~700 melanoma patients diagnosed in Queensland between 2010 and 2014. Additionally, data from the literature were summarized and pooled in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Our results suggest that adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower skin cancer risk in women, particularly melanoma and basal-cell carcinoma. Intake of supplements in beta-carotene, vitamin A or E was associated with an increased keratinocyte cancer risk in women. In addition, we found positive linear relationships between citrus intake and skin cancer risk, which were mostly driven by associations with keratinocyte cancers, and between alcohol consumption and overall skin cancer risk. However, our results also suggest that people with high meat, fish, and fat intakes, who thus consumed relatively high levels of omega-3 and high omega-6 fatty acid intakes, are more likely to be diagnosed with thick than thin melanomas. In the meta-analysis, we found positive associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and melanoma and keratinocyte cancer risk.This project highlighted complex relationships between nutritional factors and the risk of skin cancers. It also raised several questions that could be considered for further study. If replicated and confirmed in future research, these findings may ultimately have important implications in skin cancer prevention.Keyword: skin cancer ; Mediterranean diet ; antioxidant supplements ; citrus ; alcohol ; dietary pattern; vitamin D; prospective cohort; meta-analysis
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Haddad, Maria, and Karolina Olsson. "Balanskravet : – En studie över hur två kommuner med olika ekonomiska förutsättningar hanterar balanskravet." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9848.
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För att komma till rätta med kommunernas och landstingens mångåriga underskott i början av 1990-talet, infördes god ekonomisk hushållning år 1992 för att skapa balans mellan inkomster och utgifter. Då det inte finns någon tydlig definition på god ekonomisk hushållning infördes balanskravet år 1998 som ett komplement. Balanskravet innebär att intäkterna ska vara större än kostnaderna, det vill säga att ekonomin ska vara i balans. Grundtanken och syftet med införandet av balanskravet är att varje generation ska bära ansvar för de kostnader som den generationen beslutar om och konsumerar samt skapa en långsiktig stabil utveckling av ekonomin. Om en kommun inte får ekonomin i balans och redovisar underskott ska det negativa resultatet enligt 8kap 5a§ Kommunal Lagen kompenseras inom tre år om det inte föreligger synnerliga skäl och kan därmed frångå en budget i balans. Balanskravet fyller sin funktion men när balanskravet utformades tog inte lagstiftaren hänsyn till kommuner med stark ekonomi utan kravet är främst utformat för kommuner med svag ekonomi, vilket skapat inlåsningseffekter av överskotten från kommuner med stark ekonomi. Kritiken av balanskravets utformning har belysts än mer på grund av lågkonjunkturens effekt, och även gjort regeringen medveten om problemet. Därför finns det intresse att undersöka hur en kommun med stark respektive svag ekonomi hanterar balanskravet.
Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Västerås kommun och Eskilstuna kommun hanterar balanskravet.
För att analysera och förstå hur de två utvalda kommunerna hanterar balanskravet utifrån deras ekonomiska förutsättningar har den kvalitativa metoden använts för att uppnå en djupare förståelse. Dessutom har den deskriptiva/induktiva metoden använts för att ta reda på varför de normativa teorierna inte varit framgångsrika i olika sammanhang. För att göra en jämförelse har en enhetlig analysmodell konstruerats för att påvisa kommunernas finansiella styrka.
Resultatet av undersökningen visar att Västerås kommun och Eskilstuna kommun har olika förhållningssätt till hur de hanterar balanskravet. Slutsatsen visar att balanskravet inte är utformat och anpassat för att hantera konjunktursvängningar. Även att kommuner med stark ekonomi hämmas av inlåsningseffekten, detta har gjort att kommunerna själva skapat egna lösningar som fyller olika funktioner inom respektive kommun. Dessa lösningar går inte att finna i förarbetena till regelverket, men grundtanken i lösningarna har varit densamma; att underlätta hanteringen av konjunktursvängningar och komma runt inlåsningseffekterna.
To cope with the municipalities and county councils perennial deficits in the early 1990s, the concept of good financial management was inserted in 1992 to create a balance between income and expenditure. When there is no existing clear definition of the concept good financial management, introduced as a complement a specific demand of balance in 1998. The demand of balance means that revenue shall be larger than the costs, that are the economy shall be in balance. The basic idea and intent with insertion of demand of balance is that each generation in the municipalities, shall take responsibility for the cost they decides whether and consume, and create a long-term stable development of economy. If a municipalities not achieve to get the economy in balance and declare a deficit, shall the negative outcome according 8kap 5a§ Local Government Act compensated within three years unless there is no existing especial reasons, and can therefore depart from a budget in balance. The demand of balance satisfies its own intent and basic idea, but when the demand of balance was explicate did not the lawmaker make allowances to municipalities with a strong financial position. The demand of balance is specific explicated for municipalities with a weak financial position, which created the lock-in effects of the surpluses for municipalities with a strong financial position. Criticism of the demand of balance has been elucidated more because of the impact of the recession effect, and also made the Government aware about the problem. There is therefore of interest to investigate how a municipality with a strong respective a weak financial position manage the demand of balance.
The purpose of the study is to investigate how Västerås municipality and Eskilstuna municipality manages the demand of balance.
To analyze and understand how the two selected municipalities manage demand of balance based on their economic prerequisites have the qualitative methodology been applied to achieve a deeper understanding. In addition, the descriptive/inductive method used to determine why the normative theories have not been successful in different contexts. To make a comparison, a unified analytical model has been designed to demonstrate the financial strength of the municipalities.
The results of the study show that Västerås municipality and Eskilstuna municipality has different approaches to how they manage the demand of balance. The conclusion indicates that the demand of balance is not explicated and adapted to handle cyclical fluctuations. Although the municipality with a strong economy is hampered by the lock-in effect, this has meant that the municipalities created their own solutions that serve different functions in each municipality. These solutions cannot be found in the legislative history of the regulatory framework, but the basic idea of the solutions has been the same; to facilitate the handling of cyclical fluctuations and get around the lock-in effects.
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Al, Shaikh Aayat. "Les projets politiques et les fondements historiques de la communauté chiite au Bahreïn depuis l’indépendance 1971." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2026.
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Le chiisme au Bahreïn est un phénomène sociopolitique complexe. A l’époque contemporaine, les projets politiques chiites transnationaux et nationaux ont connu une nouvel ascension. Les analyses politiques et médiatiques dominants réduisent souvent le chiisme dans le champ sociopolitique bahreïni aux projets politiques dominants en Iran, en Iraq, et au Liban, qui projettent le renforcement de leur pouvoir religieux et politique. Or, les chiites de Bahreïn sont souvent assimilés à des adeptes des politiques menées par les clercs influents outre le pays insulaire. Ils sont considérés comme des instruments de l’hégémonie des acteurs chiites. Ces grilles de lecture ne représentent qu’une approche réductrice et partielle du champ chiite. Certes, le chiisme bahreïni est influencé par les acteurs et les politiques régionales et transnationales, mais l’analyse de ses fondements et de son évolution démontre qu’il est spécifique à son contexte local. Le champ chiite local est façonné par des interactions sociopolitiques diverses, tels que des processus de socialisation politique, la transnationalisation, la pratique des rites particuliers, l’organisation des institutions, les relations avec l’Etat, etc. A l’époque contemporaine, les acteurs chiites bahreïnis sont influencés par des théories et des projets qui émanent de la sphère transnationale, cependant ils développent des projets sociopolitiques distincts. Dans ce contexte spécifique du Bahreïn, l’Etat même dominant, ne peut pas contrôler ses acteurs et leurs projets sociopolitiques, qu’ils soient transnationaux ou nationauxShiism in Bahrain is a complicated socio-political phenomenon. The contemporary era is marked by a new rise of national and transnational shi’a political projects. Dominant political and media analysis consider shi’ism in the Bahraini context as a simplest extension of dominant political projects in Iran, Iraq, and in Lebanon.However, Bahraini shi’a are frequently assimilated to unconditional followers of influential non-Bahrainis clerics and their politics. In that framework, shi’a in Bahrain are considered as instruments of the shi’a actors’ hegemony. Those methods of interpretation appear superficial.Certainly, as we noted above, regional and transnational actors and politics affect the shiism in Bahrain, but the examination of its basis and its evolution demonstrate that it’s specific to the local schema. Various socio-political interactions shapes the local political sphere; such as political socialization processes,transnationalization, rites’ practicing, institutions’ organization's, relations avec the State, etc. In the contemporary period Bahrainis shi’a actors are indeed influenced by the theories and the projects stems from the transnational sphere, however, they develops their own and distinct socio-political projects. In this specific context, the State, even dominant, control neither these actors, nor their projects whether they are transnational or nationals
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Černý, Petr. "Studie přínosů pořádání světového poháru v alpských disciplínách pro město Špindlerův mlýn." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-325088.
Full textAbstract:
TITLE: Alpine Skiing World Cup Organization Benefits in Relation to Špindlerův Mlýn Municipality AUTHOR: Bc. Petr Černý FACULTY: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport SUPERVISOR: Dr.. Libor Flemr, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This study focuses on the town of Spindleruv Mlyn, which is currently the largest, highest- rated, but also the most expensive ski resort in the Czech Republic and holds TOP ski resort, which in recent years as the only winter resort tried to host the World Cup in Alpine skiing women, in the disciplines of slalom and giant slalom women. Spindleruv Mlyn organized racing elite women's series for the first time in December 2005 and again in January 2008. Premiere World Cup Giant was initially held back in 2003, but then defeated the plans of the organizers of the lack of snow. A success for the next SP in Spindleruv Mlyn took place in March 2011. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the benefits for town of Spindleruv Mlyn (hence the whole county, region and Czech Republic) may have held such events as the World Cup in Alpine Skiing. Method: The calculation method was used a questionnaire comprising mainly by promoting the values that the organization of the event took place, but the city at the cost involved only a small fraction, so the effects are huge. I judged only influences the town...
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Chen, Sin-Yao, and 陳新瑤. "The skin microbiota and their association with hydration, sebum, and transepidermal water loss levels in human facial skin." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4x225e.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
生物資訊及系統生物研究所
105
The skin serves as a physical and immunological barrier protecting the human body from invasion by various foreign organisms. In human skin, there are interactions between endogenous innate and adaptive immunity functions and the exogenous environment. Loss of skin hydration leads to skin allergies, such as atopic dermatitis. Patients with atopic dermatitis have symptoms including increases in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and defects in the barrier function of the stratum corneum, which is also found in other skin diseases such as psoriasis and eczema. Previous studies show that skin microbiomes are highly correlated with the disease progression of skin disorders and with skin health. In this study, we detected facial and cheek bacteria communities and three skin biophysical parameters: hydration, sebum, and TEWL, from 12 healthy Taiwan volunteers, aged 23 to 43 years old. Our purpose was to evaluate the association between the skin microbiota and skin characteristics. The results showed that levels of hydration on the forehead and TEWL on the cheek were associated with the composition of the microbiota. Except for the hydration level on the cheek and sebum levels on the forehead, most of the skin’s biophysical parameters were associated with the genus content. A total of 26 genera were significantly correlated with skin characteristics on the forehead and cheek. Sebum levels on the cheek were correlated with seven genera of Proteobacteria. A total of six genera on the cheek belonging to Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla were correlated with TEWL level. We believe these findings will contribute to subsequent clinical research, and provide potential clinical applications using microbiota to treat skin diseases and maintain facial skin health.
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Buainain, de Castro Maymone Mayra. "Skin hyperpigmentation disorders: associations and impact on health-related quality of life." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/19513.
Full textAbstract:
Hyperpigmentation is a common dermatological complaint that can have profound effect on appearance and quality of life. Disorders of hyperpigmentation comprise a large group of skin conditions characterized by an increase of melanin production, increase in density of active melanocytes, abnormal melanin distribution, and/or deposition of exogenous pigments.
This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the impact hyperpigmentation disorders on health-related quality of life and to better understand patient knowledge, approaches, and experiences. The study was conducted on 298 consenting adult patients with a skin related disorder of hyperpigmentation who sought dermatological care at Boston Medical Center (BMC) or East Boston Neighborhood Health Center (EBNHC) from February of 2015 to March of 2016. Patients were anonymously surveyed in order to collect an assortment of information including demographic characteristics, skin condition, health practices, knowledge base, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured with the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (Finlay and Khan 1994) and SDIEQ, a five-item , non-validated, brief health-related quality of life questionnaire (A. Taylor et al. 2008). Disease severity was assessed by Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI), Post Acne Hyperpigmentation Index (PAHPI) and body surface area when appropriate.
The mean overall DLQI was 6.56 (SD 5.35). In sub-analysis, the mean DLQI in those diagnosed with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation was 7.89 (SD 0.61), melasma 6.75 (SD 0.45), and other hyperpigmentation disorders 4.5 (SD 0.55). The disease type and duration were both factors associated with a change in DLQI scores.
The factors associated with a higher likelihood of patients’ knowledge of their diagnosis included a higher level of formal education, younger age, longer duration of having the condition, and current use of sunscreen, which were found to have 2.4, 2, 3.7, and 2.4 significantly higher odds of knowing their diagnosis, respectively.
This study found that the overall impact of hyperpigmentation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was small to moderate; however, about 22% reported a very large affect on quality of life. Patients with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and melasma have significantly lower quality of life when compared with other hyperpigmentation disorders. MASI had a significantly weak correlation with DLQI and SDIEQ, demonstrating that disease severity does not predict patient perception and impact on quality of life.
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李欣怡. "A Study of Organizational Empowerment in Community Forestry :An Example of the Ghiu-Shi Community Development Association and the Tainan Eco-Tourism Development Association." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05659693337680535500.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
森林暨自然資源學系研究所
98
With community development,the government policies changed into a bottom-up way. Community forestry is a new trend in international forestry management, is also one of the development priorities in Taiwan. There are nine communities in succession into the second phase. But now there are only six communities in the implementation of the second phase of project. The impact of one element of the implementation of community forestry is the implementation of empowerment. At this study, I will select the Ghiu-Shi Community Development Association and the Tainan Eco-Tourism Development Association, which success into the second phase. The communities should have a considerable degree of empowerment results. Use tree way for the study：Depth Interview, Content Analysis, Participant Observation. On the basis of the data and the empowerment theory, we can compare the empowering strategy and the organizational empowerment between two communities. Study found that the empowering strategy based on the different goals of community development. The educational lecture is the most used way. The found that empowerment of the first phase has good foundation will help in the development of the second phase, vice versa. In the comparison, the Ghiu-Shi Community Development Association is better than the Tainan Eco-Tourism Development Association. The found that the empowerment of foundation is unstable that will affect the overall operation of the association. In the future, two two community should strengthen the staff integration and the empowerment.
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Tan, Ann Charis, and 徐安琪. "The Association between Skin Electrical Conductance of Acupuncture Meridians and Nutritional Status in Cancer Patients." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59958647524300598995.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
傳統醫藥研究所
104
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) studies have shown that energy in the human body may be detected using the meridian energy analysis device (MEAD) through the measurement of skin electrical conductance of 24 hand and foot acupuncture points located on the 12 main meridians. This study aims to investigate whether or not an association exists between electrical conductance of acupuncture meridians and nutritional status in cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 147 hospitalized cancer patient cases. Meridian electrical conductance was tested using the MEAD, while nutritional status was assessed using the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire. The odds ratio for the total meridian electrical conductance (average of the 12 meridian values) was reported to be at 0.98, which indicated that a decrease in the conductance level was correlated with an increase in the odds of being severely malnourished (Stage C), when adjusted with demographic and disease-related variables. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare median values of the 12 meridians for each PG-SGA stage. The total meridian electric conductance was found to have a significant difference. When examined individually, 7 out of the 12 meridians have a significant difference, namely that of the heart, large intestine, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, gallbladder, and stomach (all p < 0.05). Meridian electrical conductance levels also differ with regards to demographic and disease-related variables such as gender, age, and BMI, but not cancer stage and ECOG PS score. The study suggests a decreasing association between meridian electric conductance and nutritional status. However, there are demographic and disease-related factors that need to be taken into account, as they may have an impact on both measurements. For the time being, the MEAD may be a possible complementary tool, along with nutritional status assessment, in cancer care.
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Marley, Andrew Raymond. "The Association Between Citrus Consumption and Skin Cancer: An Analysis of Risk and Nutrient-Gene Interaction." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/24802.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Purpose. In the US, melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) rates have increased substantially in recent decades. While many skin cancer risk factors have been established, the impact of dietary citrus, which is naturally abundant in photocarcinogenic psoralens, remains enigmatic. The purpose of this research was to investigate associations between citrus consumption and risks of melanoma and NMSC, and to conduct a genome-wide study to identify genetic variants that may modify this association. Methods. Participants from the UK Biobank were leveraged for these analyses. Citrus consumption was collected via five rounds of 24-hour recall questionnaires, with complete citrus data available for n=210,126 participants. Ascertainment of melanoma and NMSC cases were identified by international classification of disease codes via linkage with national registries. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the associations between citrus consumption and skin cancer outcomes. Individual citrus products were assessed for independent associations with skin cancer risk, and established skin cancer risk factors were tested for interaction. Joint 2-degree-of-freedom (df) and 1-df tests were used to assess interaction between total citrus consumption and genetic variants. Results. After controlling for covariates, high total citrus consumption was significantly associated with increased melanoma risk, an association primarily driven by orange and orange juice consumption. Skin color was found to be a significant effect modifier for the association between total citrus consumption and melanoma risk, but only before adjusting for multiple comparisons. No significant associations were observed for high total citrus consumption or consumption of any individual citrus products and NMSC risk. Significant associations for half a serving of citrus consumption and NMSC risk were likely due to chance or confounding. Index SNPs on chromosomes 3, 9, and 16 were significant according to the joint 2-df test, and 7 SNPs on chromosome 16 displayed evidence of a citrus-gene interaction. Conclusion. My analyses provide evidence in support of high citrus consumption significantly increasing risk of melanoma, but not NMSC. I also identified SNPs on AFG3L1P that may modify this association. Future research should further explore these associations, particularly for NMSC and to confirm my genetic findings.
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"Civil society and power of professional groups in China: a case study of Beijing Municipal Lawyers' Association." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896420.
Full textAbstract:
Zhang Yanan.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-95).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgement
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review --- p.6
Chapter Chapter Three --- Methodology --- p.26
Chapter Chapter Four --- Introduction of the Beijing Municipal Lawyers' Association (BMLA) and its Professional Supervisory Agency: the Beijing Municipal Beijing Municipal Bureau of Justice --- p.29
Chapter Chapter Five --- Power BMLA enjoys in Professional Education and Training --- p.36
Chapter Chapter Six --- Power BMLA enjoys in Community Code-making and Culture Building --- p.50
Chapter Chapter Seven --- Power BMLA enjoys in Participating in Social Activities --- p.63
Chapter Chapter Eight --- Power BMLA enjoys in Professional Autonomy --- p.77
Chapter Chapter Nine --- Conclusion --- p.83
References --- p.92
Appendix
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Cunha, Olga Rebordão de Oliveira. "Sentido psicológico de comunidade: Um estudo multimétodo num contexto associativo." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6697.
Full text
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Tseng, Mei-Ping, and 曾美萍. "Molecular Epidemiologic Studies on Associations with Arsenic-induced Skin Cancer for Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-transferases and p53." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24598389606245533177.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
87
The specific aim of this study is to elucidate the association between arsenic methylation capability and genotypes of glutathione S-transferases (GST M1, T1 and P1), and the associations with arsenic-induced skin cancer for genotypes of GST''s and p53, arsenic methylation capability and cumulative arsenic exposure. A total of 1081 residents aged 30 years or older were recruited between September 1988 and June 1989 from three arseniasis-hyperendemic villages in southwestern Taiwan. There were 37 cases and 120 controls included in this nested case-control study. Biological specimens were collected through annual health examinations. Arsenic levels in urine were speciated by high performance liquid chromatography and quantified by hydride generator combined with atomic absorption spectrometry. DNA extracted from peripheral lymphocytes was analyzed to determine genotype of GST M1, T1 and P1 and p53 by polymerase chain reaction with/without restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The results showed that the primary arsenic methylation index increased with total urinary arsenic and age. Subjects with null genotypes of GST M1 or T1 or a mutant allele of P1 had a higher primary arsenic methylation index than those with non-null genotypes of GST M1 and T1 and wild type of GST P1. There was a reverse interactive effect on primary arsenic methylation index between GST genetic polymorphisms and age. Secondary arsenic methylation index was found to decrease with age and increase with total urinary arsenic. Subjects with null genotypes of GST M1 or T1 or a mutant allele of P1 had a lower secondary arsenic methylation index than those with non-null genotypes of GST M1 and T1 and wild type of GST P1. There was a positive interactive effect on secondary arsenic methylation index between GST genetic polymorphisms and age. Subjects having a null or mutant type of GST had an increased risk of arsenic-induced skin cancer showing an odds ratio of 6.1 (95﹪confidence interval, 1.4-26.8). The higher the cumulative exposure to inorganic arsenic through drinking well water, the higher the risk of developing skin cancer. The poorer the arsenic methylation capability, the higher the risk of arsenic-induced skin cancer. Subjects who had any null or mutant genotypes of GST M1, T1 and P1, poor arsenic methylation capability and high exposure to arsenic had a much increased risk of skin cancer than those who with non-null and wild genotypes of GST M1, T1 and P1, good arsenic methylation capability and low exposure to arsenic ( odds ratio=9.1, p value=0.02 ). No association between p53 genetic polymorphism and arsenic-induced skin cancer was found.
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"廣州基督教青年會歷史研究(1904-1922)." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884260.
Full textAbstract:
黃春艷."2013年9月".
"2013 nian 9 yue".
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-196).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract in Chinese and English.
Huang Chunyan.
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POLNICKÁ, Veronika. "LUDĚK PEŠEK A SPACE ART." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-320537.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aims to map the life and artistic directions of Ludek Pesek, one of the founders of Space art (Cosmic realism). For us, Pesek is an unknown artist, because he lived and worked in Switzerland for over thirty years. Ludek Pesek (*1919, Czechoslovakia, 1999, Switzerland) was a significant painter, illustrator, writer and photographer. He graduated the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague and he was a member of the Association of Czech artists, from where he was expelled in 1971 along with other artists who after the Soviet intervention in 1968 remained outside the territory of Czechoslovakia. Firstly I am going to analyze paintings from the collections of South Bohemian Gallery and also from other galleries in the Czech Republic mainly Triptycha, Mars and others. Pesek's surreal compositions will then going to follow. In conclusion Im going to create the overall stylistic characterization of Pesek art, using the analysis of Czech art and his creations in exile. At the same time I will laid down the basis that will lead to the creation of a complete biography in the future, that which will cover all stages of Pesek's career.
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Poterlowicz, Krzysztof, Joanne L. Yarker, Igor Malashchuk, B. R. Lajoie, Andrei N. Mardaryev, M. R. Gdula, A. A. Sharov, T. Kohwi-Shigematsu, Vladimir A. Botchkarev, and Michael Y. Fessing. "5C analysis of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex locus reveals distinct chromatin interaction networks between gene-rich and gene-poor TADs in skin epithelial cells." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17918.
Full textAbstract:
YesMammalian genomes contain several dozens of large (>0.5 Mbp) lineage-specific gene loci harbouring functionally related genes. However, spatial chromatin folding, organization of the enhancer-promoter networks and their relevance to Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) in these loci remain poorly understood. TADs are principle units of the genome folding and represents the DNA regions within which DNA interacts more frequently and less frequently across the TAD boundary. Here, we used Chromatin Conformation Capture Carbon Copy (5C) technology to characterize spatial chromatin interaction network in the 3.1 Mb Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC) locus harbouring 61 functionally related genes that show lineage-specific activation during terminal keratinocyte differentiation in the epidermis. 5C data validated by 3D-FISH demonstrate that the EDC locus is organized into several TADs showing distinct lineage-specific chromatin interaction networks based on their transcription activity and the gene-rich or gene-poor status. Correlation of the 5C results with genome-wide studies for enhancer-specific histone modifications (H3K4me1 and H3K27ac) revealed that the majority of spatial chromatin interactions that involves the gene-rich TADs at the EDC locus in keratinocytes include both intra- and inter-TAD interaction networks, connecting gene promoters and enhancers. Compared to thymocytes in which the EDC locus is mostly transcriptionally inactive, these interactions were found to be keratinocyte-specific. In keratinocytes, the promoter-enhancer anchoring regions in the gene-rich transcriptionally active TADs are enriched for the binding of chromatin architectural proteins CTCF, Rad21 and chromatin remodeler Brg1. In contrast to gene-rich TADs, gene-poor TADs show preferential spatial contacts with each other, do not contain active enhancers and show decreased binding of CTCF, Rad21 and Brg1 in keratinocytes. Thus, spatial interactions between gene promoters and enhancers at the multi-TAD EDC locus in skin epithelial cells are cell type-specific and involve extensive contacts within TADs as well as between different gene-rich TADs, forming the framework for lineage-specific transcription.
This study was supported by the grants 5R01AR064580 and 1RO1AR071727 to VAB, TKS and AAS, as well as by the grants from MRC (MR/ M010015/1) and BBSRC (BB/K010050/1) to VAB.
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Rhodes, L. E., G. Darby, Karen A. Massey, K. A. Clarke, T. P. Dew, M. D. Farrar, S. Bennett, R. E. B. Watson, G. Williamson, and Anna Nicolaou. "Oral green tea catechin metabolites are incorporated into human skin and protect against UV radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation in association with reduced production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoid 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7251.
Full textAbstract:
noGreen tea catechins (GTC) reduce UV radiation (UVR)-induced inflammation in experimental models, but human studies are scarce and their cutaneous bioavailability and mechanism of photoprotection are unknown. We aimed to examine oral GTC cutaneous uptake, ability to protect human skin against erythema induced by a UVR dose range and impact on potent cyclo-oxygenase- and lipoxygenase-produced mediators of UVR inflammation, PGE2 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), respectively. In an open oral intervention study, sixteen healthy human subjects (phototype I/II) were given low-dose GTC (540 mg) with vitamin C (50 mg) daily for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-supplementation, the buttock skin was exposed to UVR and the resultant erythema quantified. Skin blister fluid and biopsies were taken from the unexposed and the UVR-exposed skin 24 h after a pro-inflammatory UVR challenge (three minimal erythema doses). Urine, skin tissue and fluid were analysed for catechin content and skin fluid for PGE2 and 12-HETE by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem MS. A total of fourteen completing subjects were supplement compliant (twelve female, median 42·5 years, range 29–59 years). Benzoic acid levels were increased in skin fluid post-supplementation (P= 0·03), and methylated gallic acid and several intact catechins and hydroxyphenyl-valerolactones were detected in the skin tissue and fluid. AUC analysis for UVR erythema revealed reduced response post-GTC (P= 0·037). Pre-supplementation, PGE2 and 12-HETE were UVR induced (P= 0·003, 0·0001). After GTC, UVR-induced 12-HETE reduced from mean 64 (sd 42) to 41 (sd 32) pg/μl (P= 0·01), while PGE2 was unaltered. Thus, GTC intake results in the incorporation of catechin metabolites into human skin associated with abrogated UVR-induced 12-HETE; this may contribute to protection against sunburn inflammation and potentially longer-term UVR-mediated damage.
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Lin, Hui-Ling, and 林惠玲. "Theory and Practice of the Collaboration Mechanism in Community Forestry Policy －A Case Study of the Chin-Shui-Shi Association for Wildlife and Nature in Chushan Nantou County." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68938168512069867517.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
95
The community-based forest may be a well means to sustain forest management and environmental conservation. Since 2002, the Community Forestry Policy of Taiwan was conducted by the TFB (Taiwan Forestry Bureau). Over the past few years, several projects relating to the operation mode of Community Infrastructure Establishment (CIE) have been made on by the TFB. TFB launched a series of initiatives that reflects their commitment to contribute to the community empowerment. Some of the most compelling researches have focused on the collaboration mechanism between communities and TF. This paper is intended as an investigation of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) established by Chin-Shui-Shi Association for Wildlife and Nature in Chushan Nantou County (CSSAWNCNC). In this article, we explore the functional role of CSSAWNCNC, as an non-profit organization, in the history of forest management in local communities at Chushan and Lugu areas. We discuss the experimental issues related to the development of forestry and network governance for local communities at Chushan and Lugu areas proposed by the CSSAWNCNC. The roles of the Taiwan Forestry Bureau (TFB) and contributions of non-profit organizations on promoting the Community Forestry Program (CFP) were found from the three-way interview between the TFB, CSSAWNCNC and four specialized assisted local communities. These investigations lead us to the conclusion that how could the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF), in the criteria and indicators process for sustainable forest management, optimize works between these non-profit organizations and community organizations from both the theoretical and experimental point of view. A further direction of this study will be to provide more evidence and suggestions about the future plan for the forest management and environmental conservation at Taiwan.
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Lin, Yu-chun, and 林育君. "Molecular Epidemiologic Study on Association with Arsenic-induced Skin Cancer for Genetic Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-transferase and DNA Repair Gene in the Endemic Area of Blackfoot Disease in Taiwan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54521114898289916803.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
88
Residents in the arseniasis-endenmic area in southwestern Taiwan has started to use tap water sine 1970, the cancer mortality of them remains higher than the general population in Taiwan. The high incidence of arsenic-induced skin cancer suggests the existence of the effects of genetic damage induced by arsenic exposure in early years. The prevalence of skin cancer in this area is about 5.9 per 1,000, the low prevalence suggests the individual variation in susceptibility to arsenic- induced cancer. The specific aim of this study is to examine the association with arsenic induced skin cancer for genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase(GST) and DNA repair enzymes. A total of 309 subjects aged 30 years and older were studied. They included 67 cases of arsenic-induced skin cancer and 242 unaffected controls. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with/without restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were used to determine genotypes. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for data analysis to assess the independent and interactive effects of DNA repair genes(XPD,XRCC1) and GST M1,T1 and P1on the development of arsenic-induced skin cancer. Those who had at least one null or variant gene types of GST M1, T1 and P1 had an increased risk of arsenic-induced skin cancer with an odds ratio of 5.7 (95%CI, 1.65-19.94). DNA repair enzyme XPD exon6 AC or AA genotype was associated with an increased risk compared with the genotype CC showing an odds ratio of 2.13 (95%CI, 0.95-4.76). The combination of DNA repair enzyme XRCC1 exon9 genotype Arg/Arg and XPD exon6 genotypes AC or AA was found to be associated with an increased risk of arsenic-induced skin cancer showing an odds ratio of 2.58 (95%CI, 0.91-7.31) compared with the combination XRCC1 exon9 genotypes of His/His or Arg/His and XPD exon6 genotype CC. When analyzing the risk associated with the number of susceptible genotypes of XRCC1,XPD and GST’s those who had two and three susceptible genotypes had age-sex-adjusted odds ratios of 2.65 (95%CI, 0.57-12.49) and 5.87 (95%CI, 1.31-26.37),respectively, compared with those who had none or one susceptible genotypes.
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Sonthalia, S., A. Priya, and Desmond J. Tobin. "Demographic characteristics and association of serum Vitamin B12, ferritin and thyroid function with premature canities in Indian patients from an urban skin clinic of North India: A retrospective analysis of 71 cases." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12132.
Full textAbstract:
yesBackground: The incidence of self-reported premature hair graying (PHG) seems to be on the rise. PHG has a profound impact on the patient's quality of life. It remains an incompletely understood etiology with limited and modest treatment options. Aim: The evaluation of the demographic and clinical profile of patients with premature canities, and exploration of the association of this entity with certain systemic disorders suspected to be related to its etiology. Methods: Seventy-one cases of premature canities (onset noticed by patients before 25 years of age) presenting to an urban skin clinic in Gurugram, India, between September 2012 and September 2015 with this complaint were retrospectively analyzed. The patient records were retrieved that provided details of the onset, duration and pattern of involvement, history, and examination findings (scalp, cutis, and general physical). Since all these patients had been screened for anemia, thyroid disorder, fasting blood glucose, and Vitamin B12 levels at the time of presentation, these parameters were also available for analysis. Results: The mean age at onset of graying was 10.2 ± 3.6 years (range: 5–19 years), with an almost equal gender distribution. The earliest age of onset recorded was 5 years. A positive family history of PHG (at least one of the biological parents or siblings) was obtained in 64 (90.1%) of the cases. The temporal regions of the scalp (35.2%) were most commonly involved followed by the frontal region (18.3%). Hypovitaminosis B12 and hypothyroidism showed significant association with the disorder, whereas anemia, serum ferritin, and fasting blood glucose did not. Conclusion: The age of onset of hair graying can be as low as 5 years. Temporal and frontal areas are the most commonly involved sites. A strong family history, Vitamin B12 deficiency, and hypothyroidism are strongly associated with PHG. Larger case–control studies are mandated for discerning the correlation of these and other risk factors with PHG.
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"當代中國的基督教社會服務組織與公民社會: 以愛德基金會和上海基督教青年會為個案." Thesis, 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074531.
Full textAbstract:
By two cases, Amity Foundation and Shanghai YMCA, the paper described the situation of the contemporary China's Christianity-based social service organizations, analyzed the social capital they have generated, and explored their influence on the development of civil society in China. First of all, I did the literature review on the concept of civil society and social capital under the West and China's background, as for the social capital especially focusing on Robert Putnam's social capital analysis. Then I did the analysis based on the two cases from my field-work data collection. I concluded that these faith-based social service organizations have generated the positive social influences and social capital, fulfilled the huge social needs, and played an important role in pushing the development of civil society in China through their social service work. At the same time, we could get the new definition and recognition to the function model of these associations and civil society different with the West perspective: a non-conflict cooperation model. These service-oriented associations could communicate and cooperate with government effectively and positively, and become the "de-compressor" of the individual existence in market economy development, the "safety valve" of social security, and the "incubator" of civil society.曹飛廉.
Adviser: K. M. Chan.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: A, page: 1052.
Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-178).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
School code: 1307.
Cao Feilian.
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Al, shaikh Aayat. "Les projets politiques et les fondements historiques de la communauté chiite au Bahreïn depuis l’indépendance 1971." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2026.
Full textAbstract:
Le chiisme au Bahreïn est un phénomène sociopolitique complexe. A l’époque contemporaine, les projets politiques chiites transnationaux et nationaux ont connu une nouvel ascension. Les analyses politiques et médiatiques dominants réduisent souvent le chiisme dans le champ sociopolitique bahreïni aux projets politiques dominants en Iran, en Iraq, et au Liban, qui projettent le renforcement de leur pouvoir religieux et politique. Or, les chiites de Bahreïn sont souvent assimilés à des adeptes des politiques menées par les clercs influents outre le pays insulaire. Ils sont considérés comme des instruments de l’hégémonie des acteurs chiites. Ces grilles de lecture ne représentent qu’une approche réductrice et partielle du champ chiite. Certes, le chiisme bahreïni est influencé par les acteurs et les politiques régionales et transnationales, mais l’analyse de ses fondements et de son évolution démontre qu’il est spécifique à son contexte local. Le champ chiite local est façonné par des interactions sociopolitiques diverses, tels que des processus de socialisation politique, la transnationalisation, la pratique des rites particuliers, l’organisation des institutions, les relations avec l’Etat, etc. A l’époque contemporaine, les acteurs chiites bahreïnis sont influencés par des théories et des projets qui émanent de la sphère transnationale, cependant ils développent des projets sociopolitiques distincts. Dans ce contexte spécifique du Bahreïn, l’Etat même dominant, ne peut pas contrôler ses acteurs et leurs projets sociopolitiques, qu’ils soient transnationaux ou nationauxShiism in Bahrain is a complicated socio-political phenomenon. The contemporary era is marked by a new rise of national and transnational shi’a political projects. Dominant political and media analysis consider shi’ism in the Bahraini context as a simplest extension of dominant political projects in Iran, Iraq, and in Lebanon.However, Bahraini shi’a are frequently assimilated to unconditional followers of influential non-Bahrainis clerics and their politics. In that framework, shi’a in Bahrain are considered as instruments of the shi’a actors’ hegemony. Those methods of interpretation appear superficial.Certainly, as we noted above, regional and transnational actors and politics affect the shiism in Bahrain, but the examination of its basis and its evolution demonstrate that it’s specific to the local schema. Various socio-political interactions shapes the local political sphere; such as political socialization processes,transnationalization, rites’ practicing, institutions’ organization's, relations avec the State, etc. In the contemporary period Bahrainis shi’a actors are indeed influenced by the theories and the projects stems from the transnational sphere, however, they develops their own and distinct socio-political projects. In this specific context, the State, even dominant, control neither these actors, nor their projects whether they are transnational or nationals