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Berg, Peter. "Malignant melanoma in children and adolescents /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-567-0/.
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Saunders, Daveta Jacquistia. "The effects of African American children's skin complexions in Television commercials on the self-perception of African American children." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Tin, Sze-pui Pamela, and 田詩蓓. "Breakfast skipping, its correlates and association with body mass index in children." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45208335.
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McCabe, Susan Mary. "Skin temperature and sleep in children with cerebral palsy." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2254.
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This thesis is framed within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY). As such, the four studies that comprise this thesis are viewed and reported according to the ICF-CY domains of Body Structure and Function, Activity, Participation and Environment.
Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) have a higher incidence of sleep disturbance than children without CP, with a diverse and complex range of issues affecting their sleep. Sleep disturbance has serious impact on children’s physical and mental health, development, daytime function and well-being, and that of their caregivers. Management of body temperature is frequently identified as an issue affecting sleep of children with CP. The functions of sleep and body temperature regulation occur due to a synchrony between physiological function, activity and the environment. The use of selected bedding materials is one possible way to manage children’s sleep environment. While there are bedding materials commercially available which claim to address this need, there is no reported information to guide clinical practice in this area. Thus, the overall objectives of the four research studies contained within this doctoral thesis were to examine the patterns of skin temperature and sleep in school aged children, and to understand the effects of ‘thermobalancing’ bedding, using dynamic phase change materials, on sleep and daytime function of children with CP within their everyday settings...
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Chao, Chung-yee Josephine, and 趙仲儀. "Systematic review on breakfast skipping among children and adolescent: associated factors and interventions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45170927.
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Ho, Doris. "Aerobic response of 9-10 year old children to rope jumping." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23530169.
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Ete-Rasch, Elaine. "'I thought it was just a pimple' : a study examining the parents of Pacific children's understanding and management of skin infections in the home ; a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Applied) in Nursing /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1237.
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Vidosevic, Tania A. Glenn Sigrid S. "Using a behavioral treatment package to teach tolerance to skin care products to a child with autism a systematic replication /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9913.
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Svedberg, Lena. "Cold feet in children with neurological disorders /." Gothenburg : Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21042.
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Ketonen, L. (Laura). "Children tell about skin color:small stories from Namibia and Finland." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512082276.
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The aim of this research is to find out what kind of perceptions Namibian and Finnish children have on skin color. Previous research indicates that children actively use skin color -related vocabulary and are able to see differences amongst themselves. They are also aware of the power and meanings attached to different skin colors. I hope this research can offer early childhood educators and other people working with children new ideas and practical examples on how to discuss the topic with children. The research question is: what do Namibian and Finnish children tell about skin color? The foundation of the research lays on an interdisciplinary approach, which combines elements from cross-cultural and narrative research as well as childhood research. Two theoretical approaches, post-colonial theory and Critical Race Theory (CRT), form the theoretical framework for this research. The research data consists of 59 short, semi-structured interviews of 5–6-year old children from Namibia and Finland. The interviews were partly based on pictures and storytelling. The data was analyzed inductively but theory-guided using modified content analysis. Part of the data was examined closer with a narrative approach to produce re-told small stories which were then examined together with the whole data by the means of dialogical re-telling. The results indicate that children talk about skin color if they are given the opportunity to do it. Finnish children in this research used more color-related vocabulary than Namibian children. Finnish children also linked together skin color, language and nationality, especially Finnishness with whiteness and non-whiteness with foreign language. Children from both countries expressed colorblind views in their answers. They also talked about skin color -related beauty conceptions. Stories about skin color -based discrimination were told by both Namibians and Finns, but Namibian children were more open than the Finnish children to the possibility to be friends with a child whose skin color was different from their own. Practical conclusions of the research emphasize the educators’ ability to recognize the possible unequal stuctures and discriminating practices of the daycare environment and the courage to talk about skin color -related issues with children. Read-aloud situations, Storycrafting and picture-based conversations would be good starting points for the discussions with the childrenTutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, millaisia käsityksiä namibialaisilla ja suomalaisilla lapsilla on ihonväristä. Aikaisempi tutkimus osoittaa, että lapset käyttävät aktiivisesti ihonväriin liittyvää sanastoa ja kykenevät ihonväriin liittyviin erontekoihin. Lapset myös tiedostavat eri ihonväreihin liitettyjä merkityksiä ja valta-asetelmia. Toivon, että tutkimus tarjoaa varhaiskasvattajille ja muille lasten kanssa työskenteleville henkilöille uusia näkökulmia ja käytännön sovellutuksia siihen, miten aihetta voi lasten kanssa käsitellä. Tutkimuskysymys on: mitä namibialaiset ja suomalaiset lapset kertovat ihonväristä? Työn lähtökohtana on monitieteinen lähestymistapa, jossa yhdistyy elementtejä kulttuurienvälisestä-, narratiivisesta- sekä lapsitutkimuksesta. Teoreettisen viitekehyksen muodostavat jälkikoloniaalinen teoria (post-colonial theory) ja kriittinen rotuteoria (Critical Race Theory, CRT). Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 59 lyhyehköstä, puolistrukturoidusta haastattelusta, joissa haastateltiin 5–6-vuotiaita lapsia Namibiasta ja Suomesta. Haastattelut perustuivat osittain kuvien pohjalta tapahtuvaan tarinankerrontaan. Aineiston analyysitapa oli induktiivinen mutta teoriaohjaava ja analyysin pohjana käytettiin muokattua sisällönanalyysiä. Osa aineistosta otettiin yksityiskohtaisempaan tarkasteluun ja siitä tuotettiin narratiivisin menetelmin uudelleenkerrottuja pieniä tarinoita (small stories), joita tarkasteltiin suhteessa koko aineistoon dialogisen uudelleenkerronnan keinoin. Tutkimustulosten perusteella näyttää siltä, että lapset puhuvat ihonväristä, jos heille annetaan siihen mahdollisuus. Suomalaiset lapset käyttivät tässä tutkimuksessa enemmän ihonväriin liittyvä sanastoa, kuin Namibialaiset lapset. Suomalaiset lapset myös liittivät toisiinsa ihonvärin, kielen ja kansallisuuden, erityisesti vaalean ihonvärin ja suomalaisuuden sekä tumman ihonvärin ja vieraskielisyyden. Sekä namibialais- että suomalaislasten vastauksissa oli havaittavissa värisokeita (colorblind) näkökulmia. Lapset myös puhuivat ihonväriin liittyvistä kauneusihanteista. Sekä namibialaisten että suomalaisten lasten haastatteluissa esiintyi tarinoita ihonväriin liittyvästä syrjinnästä, mutta namibialaiset lapset olivat suomalaislapsia avoimempia ajatukselle ystävyydestä sellaisen lapsen kanssa, jonka ihonväri poikkeaa lapsen omasta ihonväristä. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksissä painottuu kasvattajan kyky tunnistaa varhaiskasvatusympäristön epätasa-arvoisia rakenteita ja syrjiviä käytänteitä sekä rohkeus keskustella lasten kanssa ihonväriin liittyvistä asioista. Yhteiset satuhetket, sadutus ja kuviin pohjautuvat keskustelut ovat hyviä lähtökohtia aiheen käsittelyyn lasten kanssa
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Mann, Travis James. "Patterns of Sunscreen Application in Lifeguards, Parents and Children." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/44.
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Nonmelanoma skin cancer remains the most common diagnosed cancer in the United States. Sunscreen is the most common protective method for UV exposure. For the present study, Sun Exposure and Protection Habits Measurement Study (SEPH) survey data were analyzed to determine patterns of sunscreen application in lifeguards, parents, and children, how the amount of total body coverage differs across the three participant group and the variation in coverage with respect to selected demographic characteristics for each of the 3 participant groups. Results of the study showed that children had the highest percentage of total body coverage (M=86.7, 95% CI: 82.7, 90.6) among the three groups and parents had the least (M = 68.3, 95% CI: 65.2, 71.3). No differences in the total body area covered were noted for intervention or latitude. Further research efforts are needed to determine effective intervention strategies for parents and the need for overall body coverage.
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Titman, Penelope Susan. "The psychological impact of skin disorders on children and their families." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270496.
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Hailu, Selamawit. "Skin-Tone and Academic Achievement Among 5-year-old Mexican Children." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5508.
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Skin-tone based social stratification has been characterized as an enduring part of the U.S. racial landscape (Hunter, 2002). Despite the plethora of research that examines the racial disparities in education (e.g., Reardon & Portilla, 2015), and an emerging literature finding that lighter skin-tones are associated with higher educational attainment among adults (Hunter, 2002) few studies have examined whether similar processes emerge during early childhood. Thus, grounded in Garcia Coll and colleagues’ (1996) integrative model, we tested whether skin-tone predicted children’s academic achievement, and whether these relations were modified by children’s ethnic-racial identification (i.e., positive ethnic-racial attitudes and centrality). Consistent with expectations, darker skin-tones were associated with lower math scores. Positive attitudes did not significantly moderate the relation between skin-tone and academic achievement. However, contrary to our hypothesis, high levels of ethnic racial centrality strengthened the association between skin-tone and academic achievement. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the literature by providing evidence for the early development of within race skin-tone based disparities in academic achievement and underscoring the need for further exploration of ethnic racial identification as protective or risk factors in the positive development of minority children.
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Al-Khazraji, Atika Abdulaziz. "An investigation of common skin diseases experienced by children in the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=136914.
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The objectives of this study were threefold: to determine the prevalence of skin diseases among primary school children in the UAE; to assess the ability of the primary health care physicians (PCPs) to diagnose skin diseases; and to plan a dermatological education program for children of the UAE. An epidemiological survey included the clinical examination of selected school children by two quantified dermatologists and the relationships between the prevalence of skin diseases and a range of hygiene and socioeconomic factors were examined.1536 Local schoolchildren aged 6-9 years were included. The prevalence of common skin diseases in the children was 19%. The most common skin diseases included: dermatitis (8.1%), viral diseases (3.8%), and pigmentation disorders (1.7%). Selected skin diseases showed significant associations with a range of socioeconomic and hygiene factors on multivariate analyses. Physicians were better at correctly diagnosing common skin diseases compared with the less frequent, or rare skin diseases. Finally, PCPs with specific training in dermatology showed more ability to diagnose a range of skin diseases compared with those with no relevant training. Based on the results of this study, an improvement in socioeconomic and personal hygiene conditions along with the initiation of pertinent educational programs for children, patients and teachers may reduce the prevalence of some skin disorders. Important aspects of such dermatological health care programs are proposed. In addition, specific dermatological training for PCPs should be considered to increase their ability to diagnose and manage common skin diseases in children.
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Norrman, Gunilla. "Eczema in young children : aspects of clinical investigation and treatment." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/med999s.pdf.
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Devenney, Irene. "Assessing eczema and food allergy in young children." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7128.
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Ho, Doris, and 何穎莊. "Aerobic response of 9-10 year old children to rope jumping." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257197.
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South, Ellyn M. "The Effects of Graduated Exposure, Modeling, and Contingent Social Attention on Tolerance to Skin Care Products with Children Who Have Autism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3028/.
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The effects of graduated exposure, modeling and contingent social attention on tolerance to skincare products were evaluated with two boys with autism who displayed tactile defensiveness. Upon each presentation step of skincare products the number of positive and negative responses and successful step completion were measured. Procedures included modeling, presenting graduated opportunities, and providing social attention for step completion. Step advancement occurred if a child engaged in a step independently, without excessive refusals. A changing criterion design and a multiple baseline were employed to evaluate effects of this treatment package. Children demonstrated more positive and fewer negative responses as they completed the graduated steps. Effects maintained in follow-up observations.
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PORTER, CORNELIA PAULINE. "SOCIALIZATION, BLACK SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN AND THE COLOR CASTE HIERARCHY (SOCIAL COGNITION, PSYCHOLOGY, NURSING)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188010.
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The purpose of the descriptive research was to investigate the relationship between an adherence to the Black community's belief and value system about Black skin tones and Black school-age children's skin tone preferences and perceptions of occupational life opportunities. Six Black skin tones were scaled via Thurstone's method of paired comparisons and the law of comparative judgment. The result was an interval level Skin Tone Scale on which the skin tones were positioned from most to least preferred by the children. The most preferred skin tones ranged from medium to honey brown. The least preferred were the extreme tones of very light yellow and very dark brown. Data collection was accomplished with the Porter Skin Tone Connotation Scale (PSTCS). The instrument was constructed from the forced choice preference paradigm. Data were obtained from a volunteer sample of 98 Black school-age children who resided in a city in Arizona. Data collection and analyses were constructed to test two hypotheses: (1) Black school-age children's skin tone classifications for differential status occupations will be related to gender, age, and perception of own skin tone as indexed by the skin tone values of the Skin Tone Scale, and (2) with increasing age, Black school-age children's skin tone preferences will be more systematically related to the skin tone values of the Skin Tone Scale. Testing of the first hypothesis with multiple regression indicated that the independent variables did not account for enough variance to support the hypothesis. Analysis of the second hypothesis with coefficient gamma suggested a trend toward more systematic agreement with the Skin Tone Scale with increasing age. Results of the first hypothesis were discussed in relation to composition of the sample, gender differences, the achievement value of the Black sociocultural system, and these Black children's lived experience. Results of the second hypothesis reflected those from similar investigations conducted in the 1940s. The results suggested Black children still most prefer brown skin tones and least prefer extreme light and dark skin tones. Black children's preferences for Black skin tones have not altered in approximately forty years.
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Roche, Denise M. "Physical activity, physical fitness, HbA_1_c and skin microvascular reactivity in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431315.
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Tarnavska, S. I., and E. V. Vlasova. "Features of skin atopic reactivity in children, suffering from bronchial asthma depending on inflammatory blood hatterns." Thesis, Матеріали науково-практичної конференції [“Актуальні питання діагностики та лікування алергічних і неалергічних захворювань респіраторної системи у дітей» і сателітного симпозіуму «Сучасні технології та інновації викладання педіатрії та пульмонології»], 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/13027.
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Esamai, Fabian. "Cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of Kenya : aspects of pathogenesis and clinical presentation /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/med729s.pdf.
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Ifebuzor, Deciderius Chika. "“The determinants of the help seeking behaviour of parents having children with minor illness in Francistown, Botswana : “Case Study of Fungal Skin Infection”." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/207.
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Thesis (M Med.(Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo, 2010.Aim: To understand the help seeking behaviour of parents having children with minor illnesses such as fungal skin infection and to respond appropriately to such behaviours. Design: A descriptive qualitative study using the free attitude interview technique Method: The study was conducted in Francistown City Council Clinics. Eight participants were interviewed. Using purposeful sampling chose the participants. Each respondent was asked the same exploratory question “How much do you know about this skin infection?” Exploratory question (Setswana) is “O itse go le kae ka bolwetsi jone jo jwa letlalo?” The probe follow up questions were used to encourage elaboration on the topic. The discussions were held in Setswana language. The interviews were audio – taped. The recordings were transcribed, and the ideas that emerged were developed into themes. Results: Most of the respondents believed that Skin fungal infection was common in the community and it was generally called skin rash. It was believed to be infectious that it may be associated with HIV infection. Some however believe that its cause was known and it was treatable The help seeking behaviour of parents having children with minor illness like skin fungal infection falls within these reasons: Availability of alternative treatment, Concern of the child especially if the child complains about the problem, 6 Concern of the parents when the parents consider such minor health concern as a health problem for the child, issues around difficult in management of the problem, If problem is tolerable. Conclusion: Residents of Francistown city council, which was where the study was carried out perceived skin fungal infection as a common infectious skin problem, that is treatable. There is adequate knowledge of the symptoms of skin fungal infection among the participants. Some of the participants believed that skin fungal infection is common in children because they see the skin lesion as a normal change in colour for children before adult life. It was believe that as they get older the change in colour will then disappear. Many of them believe that they do not know the cause and even the few that felt that they knew the cause could not give a good account of the exact cause of the skin fungal infection, only one said that it is caused by a germ. Most of the participants were aware that it is treatable but yet they were not keen seeking for help when they come to the clinics because of one or two of the following reasons: Availability of alternative treatment; Concern of the child especially if the child complains about the problem; Concern of the parents when the parents consider such minor health concern as a health on the child; Issues around difficult in management of the problem; Health problem being tolerable
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Gonzalez, Tammy. "Investigating the Role of the Human Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis in the Mechanisms of the Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children (MPAACH) Cohort." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593268717032036.
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Chiang, Huei-Wen. "Predictors of body image and body dissatisfaction among Australian children in the transition from childhood to adolescence: A 6-year cross-sectional study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15391.
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The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of body image and body dissatisfaction among Australian primary schoolchildren. The present study first examined gender differences of variables among Australian schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 years at baseline in 2007. These identified variables (i.e., pubertal status, body image, breakfast skipping, and body image related to barriers to physical activity) were further examined for cross-sectional changes in predictors of body image dissatisfaction at two time points among children and adolescents aged 9 to 16 years in 2009 (Time 3) and 12 to 18 years in 2012 (Time 6). The major variables of height, weight, body image and body dissatisfaction were measured annually in a cohort of 939 boys and girls aged 6 to18 years, from 2007 to 2012. Results at baseline in 2007 found that, in general, boys were more likely than girls to be taller, eat breakfast, spend more time in physical activity, sleep less, have lower scores for the mother and father physical appearance scores, desire a heavier body weight, choose a larger ideal male and ideal female figure, and were more satisfied with their physical appearance. Both boys and girls (39% vs. 49%) expressed body image concerns such as a desire for "A little " and "A lot" lighter body weight and a perception of being "Too fat" (6.8% vs. 7.2%). Girls had a greater Stunkard Discrepancy Score and hence greater body dissatisfaction, indicating that their ideal figure was smaller than their current figure. Predictors of body dissatisfaction were similar for boys in 2009 and 2012, with 53% of the variance in body dissatisfaction in boys being explained by BMI alone in 2009 and 19% in 2012. BMI explained less of the variance in body dissatisfaction in boys at the later time point. Predictors of body dissatisfaction in girls were BMI, explaining 38% of the variance in 2009, followed by body image related barriers to physical activity explaining 2% of the variance. In 2012, predictors were BMI (38% of variance), post-pubertal status (5% of variance), body image related barriers to physical activity (2%), and a poor breakfast score (1%). The study confirmed actual weight (BMI) as the major predictor of body dissatisfaction as well as new findings that puberty, body image related barriers to physical activity and breakfast skipping were predictors of body dissatisfaction outcomes in girls.
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Karlsson, Pia. "Cutaneous melanoma in children and adolescents and aspects of naevus phenotype in melanoma risk assessment." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7703.
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Cusack, Tania A. "Under the skin of narcissistic kin: A thematic enquiry into the use of online blogs by adult children of perceived narcissists." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107734/4/Tania_Cusack_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is an exploratory study of blog writing by adults who perceive their parents to be, or to have been, narcissistic (ACONs). The qualitative study focuses on the purpose and potential intentions or outcomes of blog use by this group, and in so doing it identifies four key themes: revealing adversity, venting about difficult relationships, rethinking identity and pursuing healing. These themes are proposed to largely follow a developmental sequence, allowing ACONs to engage in processes of identity construction and psychological healing that may be less accessible in their offline lives. The findings of the research have potential implications for mental and allied health practitioners working with adult children of narcissistic parents.
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Mcguire, Joseph F. "Fear Conditioning and Extinction in Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5741.
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Fear conditioning and extinction are central in the cognitive behavioral model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which underlies exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Youth with OCD may have impairments in conditioning and extinction that carries treatment implications. The present study examined these processes using a differential conditioning paradigm. Forty-one youth (19 OCD, 22 community controls) and their parents completed a battery of clinical interviews, rating scales, and a differential conditioning task. Skin conductance response (SCR) served as the primary dependent measure across all three phases of the conditioning procedure (habituation, acquisition, and extinction). During habituation, no meaningful differences were observed between groups. During acquisition, differential fear conditioning was identified across groups evidenced by larger SCRs to the CS+ compared to CS-, with no significant group differences. During extinction, a three-way interaction and follow-up tests revealed youth with OCD failed to exhibit differential fear conditioning during early fear extinction; whereas community controls consistently exhibited differential fear conditioning throughout extinction. Across participants, the number and frequency of OCD symptoms was positively associated with fear acquisition and negatively associated with fear extinction to the conditioned stimulus. OCD symptom severity was negatively associated with differential SCR in early extinction. Youth with OCD exhibit a different pattern of fear extinction relative to community controls that may be accounted for by impaired inhibitory learning in early fear extinction. Findings suggest the potential benefit of augmentative retraining interventions prior to CBT. Therapeutic approaches to utilize inhibitory-learning principles and/or engage developmentally appropriate brain regions during exposures may serve to maximize CBT outcomes.
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Vidosevic, Tania A. "Using a Behavioral Treatment Package to Teach Tolerance to Skin Care Products to a Child with Autism: A Systematic Replication." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9913/.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a treatment package to teach a child with autism to willingly accept skin care products conducive to health and normal everyday living. The current study uses graduated exposure, modeling and contingent social attention to teach the child to accept the application of skin care products previously avoided. Results of the study showed that the participant tolerated criterion amounts of all target stimuli with both experimenter and parent. Follow-up probes revealed maintenance of the behaviors with only two out of the three target skin care products.
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Walker, Kate. "Trends in birthweight and infant weights : relationships between early undernutrition, skin lesions, streptococcal infections and renal disease in an Aboriginal community /." Connect to thesis, 1996. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2406.
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Undernutrition in prevalent in Aboriginal communities, in utero, infancy and childhood. It influences childhood morbidity and mortality and growth patterns. Undernutrition and poor socio-economic status also contribute to endemic and epidemic infectious disease, including scabies and streptococcal infection. It has been suggested that early undernutrition, and streptococcal and scabies infection are risk factors for renal disease, which is at epidemic levels and increasing. This thesis examines the prevalence of undernutrition in newborns and infants in an Aboriginal community over time, and its impact on childhood growth and child and adult renal markers. The association between skin lesions, streptococcal serology, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) and renal markers as evaluated through a community wide screening program in 1992-1995 is also examined. Birthweights have increased since the 1960s, but they are still much lower than the non-Aboriginal values. Weights in infancy have decreased since the 1960s. At screening in childhood stunting was common, reflecting the presence of long-term poor nutrition in infancy. In both adults and children, birth weight and infant weights were negatively associated with albuminuria measured by the albumin to creatine ratio (ACR).
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Wright, Caradee Yael, and n/a. "UVR exposure of NZ schoolchildren." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070817.093312.
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Excess exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the only readily modifiable skin cancer risk factor, and childhood exposure is implicated in melanoma aetiology. To assist the design and evaluation of child sun protection interventions in the school and community context, this first comprehensive study used electronic monitors to record time-stamped, second-by-second UVR exposure of 325 children (from 28 randomly selected New Zealand primary schools) who kept a diary record of concurrent activities and sun-protective practices and completed a sun-related knowledge, attitudes and usual behaviours questionnaire. School principals and Health promoters (HPs) were interviewed about school and community sun protection efforts.
Using the Haddon matrix and Ottawa Charter of Health Promotion to guide research, four potential domains of influence were identified: the physical and social environments, protective products, and host (child). Two key outcomes identified were child UVR exposure and sun-protective practices. A path model was developed where potential influences on these outcomes included school, community, host factors (demographics, skin type, sun-related attitudes, and sun-related knowledge), and pattern of concurrent outdoor activity. Seven specific hypotheses were defined to investigate the effects of host, school and community factors on UVR exposure, sun-protective practices, and sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.
To test for the effects of host factors, day of the week and activity on UVR exposure and sun-protective practices, linear mixed models containing these factors and interactions between Year level-sex, activity-Year level and activity-sex, accounting for clustering within schools and allowing for repeated measures, were applied. Logistic regression with a random school effect was used to assess differences in scored student questionnaire items. Structural equation modelling was implemented to consider associations between sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, and other explanatory factors for variations in UVR exposure and sun-protective practices.
Three of the seven specific hypotheses were supported. There were statistically significant differences in UVR exposure by sex, skin type, day of the week and activity, and sex-activity and Year level-activity interactions. Passive pursuits were associated with the highest UVR exposure rates compared to outdoor active, travel and unclassified pursuits.
There were statistically significant differences in sun-protective practices by sex, ethnicity and skin type, and sex-activity and Year level-activity interactions. Girls tended to have higher sun protection scores than boys, but were more likely to sunbathe and use sunscreen. Children identifying with Pacific Island ethnicities had higher scores than children with other ethnicities, and children with Fitzpatrick skin types I and II had higher scores than children with skin types III, IV and V.
School and community factors were not associated with UVR exposure, sun-protective practices, sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, but school and HPs� scores were relatively high, reflecting the significant time and effort spent promoting youth sun protection.
Trends for Year level indicated that whereas child sun-related knowledge increased with Year level, attitudes and behaviours supportive of sun protection declined. When considering sun-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours simultaneously, knowledge was only significantly associated with behaviours when mediated by attitudes. The study findings have implications for child sun protection interventions.
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Odhiambo, Joseph A., Hywel C. Williams, Tadd O. Clayton, Colin F. Robertson, M. Innes Asher, Pascual Chiarella, and ISAAC Phase Three Study Group. "Global variations in prevalence of eczema symptoms in children from ISAAC Phase Three." Mosby Inc, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625751.
Full textAbstract:
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Background: In 1999, The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase One reported the prevalence of eczema symptoms in 715,033 children from 154 centers in 56 countries by using standardized epidemiologic tools. Objective: To update the world map of eczema prevalence after 5 to 10 years (ISAAC Phase Three) and include additional data from over 100 new centers. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys using the ISAAC questionnaire on eczema symptoms were completed by adolescents 13 to 14 years old and by parents of children 6 to 7 years old. Current eczema was defined as an itchy flexural rash in the past 12 months and was considered severe eczema if associated with 1 or more nights per week of sleep disturbance. Results: For the age group 6 to 7 years, data on 385,853 participants from 143 centers in 60 countries showed that the prevalence of current eczema ranged from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador, with new data showing high values in Asia and Latin America. For the age group 13 to 14 years, data on 663,256 participants from 230 centers in 96 countries showed prevalence values ranging from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Columbia with the highest values in Africa and Latin America. Current eczema was lower for boys than girls (odds ratio, 0.94 and 0.72 at ages 6 to 7 years and 13 to 14 years, respectively). Conclusion:ISAAC Phase Three provides comprehensive global data on the prevalence of eczema symptoms that is essential for public health planning. New data reveal that eczema is a disease of developing as well as developed countries.
Revisión por pares
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Negrao, Bianca Lee. "Autonomic correlates at rest and during evoked attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and effects of sympathomimetic medication." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07072009-163036/.
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Buse, Judith, Stephanie Enghardt, Clemens Kirschbaum, Stefan Ehrlich, and Veit Rößner. "Tic Frequency Decreases during Short-term Psychosocial Stress – An Experimental Study on Children with Tic Disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-217837.
Full textAbstract:
It has been suggested that psychosocial stress influences situational fluctuations of tic frequency. However, evidence from experimental studies is lacking. The current study investigated the effects of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-C) on tic frequency in 31 children and adolescents with tic disorders. A relaxation and a concentration situation served as control conditions. Patients were asked either to suppress their tics or to “tic freely.” Physiological measures of stress were measured throughout the experiment. The TSST-C elicited a clear stress response with elevated levels of saliva cortisol, increased heart rate, and a larger number of skin conductance responses. During relaxation and concentration, the instruction to suppress tics reduced the number of tics, whereas during stress, the number of tics was low, regardless of the given instruction. Our study suggests that the stress might result in a situational decrease of tic frequency.
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Johnston, Robyn S. "Process evaluation of a school- and home-based sun safety education intervention." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/39.
Full textAbstract:
Effective interventions that reduce children's sun exposure are likely to reduce melanoma incidence in the longer term. However, for such interventions to have an impact they must be adequately implemented. School-based sun protection programs have been evaluated to determine their effectiveness in changing behaviours, however, few studies have assessed the implementation of such programs, or the effect of their implementation on outcomes. Kidskin was a five-year intervention trial designed to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in reducing sun exposure in children in Perth, Western Australia. This thesis describes the process evaluation of the school- and home-based educational components of Kidskin's intervention. This process evaluation incorporated data from 873 students, their parents and teachers in Years 1 to 4 at the 19 intervention schools involved in the larger Kidskin study.
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Buse, Judith, Stephanie Enghardt, Clemens Kirschbaum, Stefan Ehrlich, and Veit Rößner. "Tic Frequency Decreases during Short-term Psychosocial Stress – An Experimental Study on Children with Tic Disorders." Frontiers Research Foundation, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30134.
Full textAbstract:
It has been suggested that psychosocial stress influences situational fluctuations of tic frequency. However, evidence from experimental studies is lacking. The current study investigated the effects of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-C) on tic frequency in 31 children and adolescents with tic disorders. A relaxation and a concentration situation served as control conditions. Patients were asked either to suppress their tics or to “tic freely.” Physiological measures of stress were measured throughout the experiment. The TSST-C elicited a clear stress response with elevated levels of saliva cortisol, increased heart rate, and a larger number of skin conductance responses. During relaxation and concentration, the instruction to suppress tics reduced the number of tics, whereas during stress, the number of tics was low, regardless of the given instruction. Our study suggests that the stress might result in a situational decrease of tic frequency.
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REEDY, CRYSTAL A. "Kids! On Race: How teaching the evolutionary story of human skin color can challenge children to question arbitrary categories of race and the myth of white supremacy in grade school." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent155592254864772.
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Pratti, Clarissa. "Validação para o português falado no Brasil do instrumento escore da qualidade de vida na dermatologia infantil (CDLQI)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12653.
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Introdução/Objetivos: As dermatoses interferem na qualidade de vida (quality of life - QoL) independentemente da gravidade das manifestações clínicas, idade ou cultura. O CDLQI (Escore de Qualidade de Vida em Dermatologia Infantil - Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index) foi criado para avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes entre 5 e 16 anos de idade, apresentando uma estrutura similar a outros questionários para adultos. O CDLQI já foi traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para o português falado no Brasil, respeitando as regras da Organização Mundial da Saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a confiabilidade e validade do instrumento CDLQI quando aplicado a uma população pediátrica no Brasil. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 315 crianças com idade entre 4 e 16 anos: 216 pacientes com doenças dermatológicas (casos), 50 pacientes sem dermatoses (controles-doentes) e 49 alunos de uma escola municipal (controlessadios). A análise de consistência interna foi calculada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse, através da aplicação do questionário uma semana após a primeira entrevista para 35 casos. Os dados demográficos foram analisados por média e desvio padrão. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 10,2 anos (± 3,2) para os casos, 7,6 (± 2,9) para os controle-doentes e 9.2 (± 0.96) para os controles-sadios. Este parâmetro não interferiu no resultado final. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para os casos foi de 0,72 e a correlação intraclasse, 0,892 (0,787-0,946). A análise de covariância mostrou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os escores dos casos (3,7) e dos controles (0,68 e 0,67).Conclusões: Não ocorreram dificuldades e a maioria dos questionários foi respondida em 5 minutos. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi suficiente para confirmar a consistência interna e a reprodutibilidade do questionário CDLQI em Português falado no Brasil. DESCRITORES: qualidade de vida; estudos de validação; questionários; dermatoses; criança.Background/Objectives: Skin disorders may interfere in the individual’s quality of life (QoL), independently of the clinical manifestation severity, culture or age. The Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) was created specifically for children between 5 and 16 years old and its structure is similar to the version recommended for adults. It has already been translatted to Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted to our population. The aim of this study is to verify its reliability and validity, when applied to a significant sample composed by actual pediatric patients. Methods: The sample was composed by 315 children aging between 5 and 16 years: 216 dermatology out-patients (cases), 50 pediatric patients without skin diseases (sick controls) and 49 children from a public school (normal controls). The CDLQI questions were answered by the subjects and their parents, after signed an informed consent. The internal consistency was calculated by the Cronbach’s alpha; test-retest reliability assessed by the intra-class correlation test by reapplying the same questionnaire 1 week after the first visit, in sample composed by 35 cases. Demographic variables were evaluated by means and standard deviation. Results: The average age was 10.2 years (SD 3.2) for cases, 7.6 (SD 2.9) for sick controls and 9.2 (SD 0.96) for normal controls. These parameters did not interfere in CDLQI score results. The Cronbach’s alpha for the cases sample was 0.72 and the intra-class correlation (test-retest reliability) was 0.892 (0.787-0.946). The covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the scores of cases (3.7) and controls (0.68 and 0.67). Questions relating to symptoms and feelings (1 and 2) scored highest overall.Conclusions: There was no difficulty in the interview, and most of the questionnaires were completed in less than 5 minutes. The Cronbach’s alpha was sufficient to confirm the internal consistency and reproducibility of CDLQI, allowing good distinguishing between the skin affected and non-affected groups. With those results, the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index is validated for our regional population and its use could be recommended for the QoL assessing of dermatological pediatric patients.
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Tourula, M. (Marjo). "The childcare practice of children’s daytime sleeping outdoors in the context of Northern Finnish winter." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296673.
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Abstract The purpose of the study was to create a comprehensive view and add understanding about the childcare practice of children sleeping outdoors in the context of Northern Finnish winter. A general view of the topic was described, the thermal insulation of clothing of infants sleeping outdoors in northern winter climate was evaluated and the relationships among thermal environment, infants’ skin temperatures and daytime outdoor sleep duration were described. Mixed methods research design was used. A questionnaire was distributed to the parents (n=116) of children under 2 years of age in the city of Oulu. Skin temperatures of about three-month-old infants were recorded from seven skin sites throughout a daytime sleep outdoors (n=34) and indoors (n=33) in the families’ homes. The duration of the infant’s sleep was observed and air temperature and velocity of the outdoor environment were recorded. Clothing data of infants were collected and microclimate temperatures and humidity inside middle wear measured. The insulation of clothing ensembles was measured by using a baby-size thermal manikin. The required clothing insulation was estimated according to ISO 11079. Mothers (n=21) from Northern Finland were interviewed. A fit can be found between family – cultural outdoor sleeping childcare practice – and Northern Finnish winter environment, but also factors that decreased the fit existed. Winter environment was seen as an affordance for the child to sleep outdoors. Infants usually slept outdoors in the daytime once a day in different kinds of environments, the best temperature being -5 °C. Outdoor sleeping was a self-evident and common culturally bound custom. Guidelines and encouragement were given to mothers from different sources, and by sharing their own experiences, mothers participated in the cultural knowledge-building processes. The outdoor sleeping practice was commonly accepted collective behavior. Many risk factors also existed, but when all security perspectives were first taken into account it promoted family well-being by creating rhythm and strengthening the fluency of everyday life. The optimal thermal insulation was difficult to adjust systematically and both cooling and sweating existed. When ambient temperature decreased, the cooling rate of Tsk increased. Children slept longest outdoors when the cooling rate of Tsk was minimal. The basic idea was that outdoor sleeping promoted children’s health. A comprehensive view of the phenomenon was gathered into the evaluation model, which can be utilized in nursing practice. The findings give detailed information that is utilized when updating guidelines. This study also creates ground for international comparative studiesTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli muodostaa kokonaiskuva ja lisätä ymmärrystä lasten ulkona nukuttamiskäytännöstä pohjoissuomalaisessa talvikontekstissa lasten ja perheiden hyvinvoinnin lisäämiseksi. Tarkoituksena oli kuvata lasten ulkona nukuttamiskäytäntöä, ympäristön ja ihon lämpötilojen sekä unen pituuden yhteyttä ja arvioida vaatetuksen lämmöneristävyyttä. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin mixed methods -lähestymistapaa monipuolisen kokonaiskuvan tavoittamiseksi. Pilottikysely tehtiin alle 2-vuotiaiden lasten vanhemmille (n=116) Oulun alueella. Ihon lämpötiloja mitattiin seitsemästä eri kehon osasta noin kolmen kuukauden ikäisiltä lapsilta (n=34) heidän nukkuessaan kotona päiväuniaan sisällä ja ulkona Pohjois-Suomessa talvella. Unen pituutta havainnoitiin ja ympäristön lämpötilaa ja tuulen nopeutta mitattiin. Lasten talvivaatetuksesta kerättiin tietoa ja lämpötiloja mitattiin vaatetuksen eri kerroksista sekä kosteutta välivaatetuksen alta. Vaatetuksen lämmöneristävyyksiä mitattiin lasten kokoa vastaavalla lämpönukella. Vaadittava lämmöneristävyys arvioitiin ISO 11079 – standardin mukaisesti. Pohjoissuomalaisia lapsiperheiden äitejä (n=21) haastateltiin kulttuurisen tiedon esille tuomiseksi. Yhteensopivuus perheen, kulttuurisen ulkona nukuttamiskäytännön ja pohjoisen talviympäristön välillä voidaan saavuttaa, mutta toisaalta myös tasapainoa vähentäviä tekijöitä löytyi. Talviympäristö nähtiin tarjoumana lapsen rauhalliselle nukkumiselle sen puhtaan ja raikkaan ilman ja luonnon sekä hiljaisuuden ja rauhallisuuden takia. Talvinen sää vaihteli auringon paisteesta kovaan lumipyryyn ja lämpötila muutamista lämpöasteista lähes kolmenkymmenen asteen pakkaseen lasten nukkuessa vaunuissaan. Paras lämpötila ulkona nukkumiselle oli -5 °C. Ulkona nukuttamista pidettiin itsestään selvänä kulttuurisena tapana. Äidit saivat ohjeita ja kannustusta lasten ulkona nukuttamiseen eri lähteistä. Vertailemalla ja jakamalla kokemuksiaan he osallistuivat myös itse kulttuurisen tiedon rakenteluun. Lasten ulkona nukuttaminen talvella osoittautui yleisesti hyväksytyksi kollektiiviseksi käyttäytymiseksi, joka toisinaan aiheutti paineita äideille. Lapsen ulkona nukkumiseen liittyi monia riskitekijöitä, mutta kaikki turvallisuusnäkökohdat ensin huomioon ottamalla se edisti perheen hyvinvointia luomalla säännöllistä rytmiä ja vahvistamalla arjen sujuvuutta. Optimaalisen vaatetuksen lämmöneristävyyden löytäminen systemaattisesti eri lämpötiloissa oli vaikeaa; sekä jäähtymistä että hikoilua esiintyi. Ympäristön lämpötilan laskiessa keskimääräisen ihon lämpötilan jäähtymisnopeus lisääntyi. Lapset nukkuivat ulkona pisimpään silloin, kun ihon lämpötilan jäähtyminen oli hitainta. Ensisijaisesti ulkona nukkumisen ajateltiin edistävän lapsen terveyttä. Lasten ulkona nukuttamisen arviointimallia voidaan hyödyntää käytännössä ohjauksen yhteydessä ja tutkimuksen tuottamaa yksityiskohtaista tietoa ohjeistusten päivittämisessä. Tutkimus antaa lähtökohtia kansainväliselle vertailevalle tutkimukselle
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Maharaj, Andre. "Exploring The Development of Social Responses in Children with Callous and Unemotional Traits: An Examination of The Impact of Hypothesized Reinforcing and Aversive Stimuli." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1174.
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Callous and unemotional (CU) traits in children with conduct problems have been indicated as precursors to adult psychopathy. The analysis of the sensitivity to rewards and punishment in this population may be useful in the identification of effective behavior modification programs and particularly the delineation of ineffective punishment procedures. Scores on the Child Psychopathy Scale, Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits, Contingency Response Rating Scale and the Sensitivity to Reward Sensitivity to Punishment – Children Revised scale were used to evaluate 20 children, aged 7-13, recruited from FIU’s Center for Children and Families. The sample comprised 14 males and 6 females displaying a range of psychopathic traits measured by the CPS, with scores from 9 to 46 (M = 28.45, SD = 10.73).
Sensitivity to punishment was examined using a behavioral task in which children endured various amounts of either white noise (type I punishment) or time-out from positive reinforcement (type II punishment) in order to gain access to a demonstrated reinforcer. The sample was stratified on the basis of the magnitude of psychopathy scores, and sensitivity to rewards and punishment were evaluated using a Behavioral Activation / Behavioral Inhibition framework by examining task performance: the frequency and duration of punishment conditions selected, electrodermal activity (skin conductance response), and parent-reported measures of child sensitivity to reward and punishment.
Results indicated that the magnitude of CU traits was directly proportional to hyposensitivity to punishment and hypersensitivity to reward. Children with elevated levels of CU traits elected to endure a greater frequency and duration type I punishment in order to maintain continued access to the reinforcer. Significant differences were not found between high- and low-psychopathy children in the selection of type II punishment. The findings indicate that although there may be a hyporeactivity to type I punishment in children with CU traits, the use of a type II punishment by the removal of a positive stimulus has demonstrated treatment efficacy. The difference in sensitivity to rewards and the types of effective punishment in children with CU traits may affect reinforcement based learning, leading to the ineffectiveness of traditional methods informing the development of social responses.
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Rosant, Celeste. "Knowledge of and attitudes towards kangaroo mother care in the Eastern Subdistrict, Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7613_1277072386.
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Kangaroo mother care (KMC) was first initiated in Colombia due to shortages of incubators and the incidence of severe hospital infections of new-born infants during hospital stay (Feldman, 2004). Currently it is identified by UNICEF as a universally available and biologically sound method of care for all new-borns, particularly for low birth weight infants (Department of Reproductive Health and Research, 2003) in both developed and developing countries. The Western Cape Provincial Government implemented a policy on KMC as part of their strategy to decrease the morbidity and mortality of premature infants in 2003 (Kangaroo Mother Care Provincial task team, 2003). Essential components of KMC are: skin-to-skin contact for 24 hours per day (or as great a part of the day as possible), exclusive breastfeeding and support to the motherinfant dyad. Successful implementation of KMC requires relevant education of nurses, education of mothers on KMC by nursing staff, monitoring of the implementation of KMC by nurses, planning for a staff mix with varying levels of skill and experience with KMC, the identification of institution specific barriers to the implementation of KMC, and the implementation of institution specific strategies to overcome these barriers (Wallin,et al., 2005
Bergman &
Jurisco, 1994
Cattaneo, et al., 1998). This study aims to determine the knowledge of and attitude towards kangaroo mother care, of nursing staff and kangaroo mothers in the Eastern sub-district of Cape Town.
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Souza, Flavia Rabelo Frayha de. "Avaliação do teste de contato atópico na alergia ao leite de vaca IgE mediada e nas doenças eosinofílicas ao trato digestório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-04042012-094129/.
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Objetivo: Avaliar o teste de contato atópico (TCA) em pacientes com alergia ao leite de vaca (APLV) IgE mediada - grupo 1 e naqueles com doenças eosinofílicas do trato digestório (DETD) - grupo 2, comparando os extratos de leite de vaca (LV) a 20% com o leite in natura, o tempo ideal de oclusão do teste e o valor preditivo positivo do TCA na identificação do leite como desencadeante no grupo 2, avaliada pela melhora clinica e endoscópica após dieta de restrição. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, com avaliação de 45 pacientes e 9 controles. O grupo 1 (n=15) com APLV IgE mediada foram diagnosticados pelo teste de provocação e prick teste positivo para LV e o grupo 2 (n=30) pela biópsia mostrando esofagite eosinofílica (15 eosinófilos/cga) ou enterocolite eosinofílica (>20 eosinófilos/cga), prick teste positivo para LV (n=15) e sintomas desencadeados pelo leite. O grupo 3 (n=9) incluiu pacientes com exclusão do diagnóstico de APLV. Utilizou-se câmaras de 12mm e LV in natura e LV a 20% como extratos ( IPI ASAC, Espanha). Os tempos de leitura foram de 24, 48 e 72 horas e considerou-se como TCA positivo, a presença de hiperemia com infiltração e formação de pápulas ou vesículas. Para avaliação do valor preditivo positivo do TCA, considerou-se pacientes com DETD com sintomas associados ao leite, sem melhora com tratamento adequado, IgE específica ao LV e melhora clínica e histológica com a instituição da dieta de restrição. Resultados: Considerando ambos os extratos, houve semelhança quanto à frequência de positividade do TCA nos três tempos de leitura em ambas situações clínicas. Com relação à concordância entre os tempos de leitura do TCA com ambos extratos, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tempo de 24 hs com aqueles de 48 e 72hs (p=0,031 em ambas comparações), o mesmo não ocorrendo entre o tempo de 48 e 72hs tanto na APLV como nas DETD. Isoladamente, o LV a 20% mostrou comportamento semelhante em ambas as doenças, com diferença entre o tempo de 24 e aqueles de 48 (p=0,031 / 0,000) e 72hs (p=0,031/ 0,002) respectivamente na APLV e DETD. O extrato de leite in natura nos pacientes com APLV não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os tempos avaliados, enquanto nos pacientes com DETD observou-se diferença entre 24 hs e os tempos de 48hs (p=0,003) e 72hs (p=0,003). A restrição dietética do leite naqueles pacientes com DETD e TCA positivo foi associada à melhora clínica em 80% dos pacientes e associação com melhora histológica em 65% destes. Conclusões: O TCA utilizando tanto LV in natura como extrato LV a 20%, com leitura após 48 ou 72hs da sua aplicação mostrou-se útil na identificação de pacientes com DETD desencadeada pelo LV. A instituição de dieta restrita neste alimento contribuiu para a melhora dos sintomas e para a redução do número de eosinófilos na biópsia de controleObjective: To evaluate the atopic patch test (APT) in IgE mediated cow\'s milk allergic patients (CMA) - Group 1 and those with gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases (GED) - Group 2, comparing extracts of cow\'s milk (CM) 20% protein concentration and fresh milk, the optimal time reading and the positive predictive value of APT in the identification of milk as a trigger food in the group 2, as assessed by clinical and endoscopic improvement after dietary restriction. Methods: Cross-sectional study with evaluation of 45 patients and 9 controls. The group 1 (n = 15) with IgE-mediated CMA was diagnosed by provocation test and positive skin prick test for CM in all patients and group 2 (n = 30) by biopsy showing eosinophilic esophagitis ( 15 eosinophils / hpf) or eosinophilic enterocolitis (> 20 eosinophils / hpf ), prick test positive for CM (n = 15) and symptoms triggered by milk. Group 3 (n = 9) included patients which CMA was excluded. It was used 12mm a plastic chamber of inert material, and as extracts the fresh milk and CM at 20% (IPI ASAC, Spain). The reading times were 24, 48 and 72 hours and was considered as APT positive, the presence of hyperemia with infiltration and papules or vesicles. To evaluate the positive predictive value of the APT, it was considered GED patients with symptoms associated to milk, no response to treatment, specific IgE to CM and clinical and histological improvement after the restricted diet institution. Results: Considering both extract, there was similarity in the frequency of positive APT evaluating all the reading times in both clinical situations. Regarding the agreement between the reading times with both extracts, there was a statistically significant difference between the time of 24 hours with those of 48 and 72 hours (p = 0.031 for both comparisons). This fact was not observed between the time of 48 and 72 hours in both diseases. The CM 20% extract showed a similar pattern in both diseases, with difference between the reading time of 24 with the 48 hours (p = 0.031/0.000) and 72 hours (p = 0.031/ 0.002) respectively in both diseases. The fresh milk extract in CMA patients showed no statistically significant difference between the reading times evaluated, while in GED patients it was observed difference between 24 hours with the time of 48 hours (p = 0.003) and 72 hours (p = 0.003). The milk restricted diet for GED patients with positive APT was associated to clinical improvement in 80% of patients and in both clinical and histological response in 65% of them. Conclusions: The APT using both fresh CM and CM 20% extract with reading time of 48 or 72 hours showed useful in identifying GED patients triggered by CM. The establishment of milk restricted diet contributed to the improvement of symptoms and to reduce the number of eosinophils in the control biopsy
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Hrůšová, Petra. "Analýza metodických postupů při výuce lyžování." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387147.
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Title: Analysis of methods used during the downhill skiing training Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to determine, if by using dividing alphabet at the beginning of downhill skiing lesson in young school age children will more children be able to ski by using parallel method than by using plough method. Methods: The main research method was the selective structure observing during the practical lesson of downhill skiing in young school age children. The succes of managing basic dexterity elements of downhill skiing by using parallel method or plough method was determined. These informations were completed by own opinion, literature, personal experiences with downhill skiing racing and downhill skiing training. The method of the research was direct observation of skiing skills in young school age children at Ski school in Kubova Huť. Results: The hypothesis was confirmed. The method of education with elements of parallel position of ski, including used dividing skiing alphabet at the beginning, is highly effective. Keywords: children, downhill skiing, ski, young school age, skiing style, parallel position, plough position, downhill skiing school, dividing skiing alphabet.
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Petrová, Daniela. "Výuka lyžování předškolních dětí." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313607.
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The thesis is divided into two main parts, theoretical and practical. It deals with the solution to assess the level of physical skills combined with preschool children, as a higher level of organized skiing helps training organized by kindergarten and what effect this can have skiing skills training on cognitive abilities and social side of the child's personality. The first section contains theoretical information drawn from the bibliographic sources of pedagogy, psychology, antropomotoriky, physical education and sport. Proceeds from the general content of the first chapter of her kindergarten educational concepts of the system, organizational forms of physical education and movement preschool child. It is followed by the second chapter a more specific topic for skiing children. Based on the development of motor skills through learning to its evaluation of motor skills on skis. Linkages between individual chapters see you in finding criteria for assessing the level of motor skills, cognitive skills and socialization in FEP PE curriculum. The practical part describes the action research group involved in preschool children with processed results of a detailed assessment of the level of motor skills on skis. At each level of subchapters is compared to skiing skills between age and sex of children,...
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Jordan, DW. "Social skilling through cooperative learning : a complementary approach to behaviour management." Thesis, 1996. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/20349/1/whole_JordanDon1996_thesis.pdf.
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Hardly a day goes by without some media reference by teachers, parents and the general community at large, to disruptive behaviour in schools. This reported increase in disruptive behaviour has been attributed to a number of factors. The main one, it is argued, is a marked breakdown in student-teacher relationships in many western countries. Teachers have been de-skilled by social changes:
... so profound, so rapid, and so extensive [which] have taken place in education that we have a veritable education revolution in these times. Few people realise as well as our teachers the reason for the changes which all of us are experiencing in all phases of life. The teachers recognise they are due primarily to the transition from an autocratic to a democratic society (Dreikurs 1955, quoted by Balson, 1993, p. vi).
According to Balson (1993), disruptive behaviour reflects the inability of teachers to adapt to this post-war transition. Traditionally the lines of authority between teachers and students were very clear. Students were punished, sometimes severely, for their inappropriate behaviour. School principals had, and in some cases still have, the legal authority to use corporal punishment towards their students. Balson suggests that the problem facing teachers is not of their own making. It reflects the loss of the traditional authoritarian status, which reaffirmed their right to control the behaviour of students.
[This change] places the teachers of today in a dire predicament because the traditional methods, the only ones they know, no longer work and new ones are not known. This creates confusion in both children and adults (Balson, 1993, p. vii).
Rationale and methodology:
One of the key requirements for securing a classroom in which on-task learning can take place is an absence of misbehaviour, and a great deal of energy is expended in securing this state of affairs.
During my early teaching experience, I had been able to secure a happy and productive relationship with my students without a specific discipline plan. When appointed as a senior teacher, I was expected to demonstrate competence in my own class as well as sharing responsibility for discipline throughout the school. The Assertive Discipline (AD) style [see Canter, 1976] adopted in the school conflicted with my teaching philosophy and prior experience. Moreover, it appeared to have only limited success in the school as a whole, suggesting that a behaviour control strategy might not be effective in the longer term. I subsequently transferred to a school with a more cooperative approach to behaviour management, more in keeping with my natural style.
These experiences led me to seek explanations for my preferences by exploring the principles and relative effectiveness of different behaviour management models. I therefore conducted the literature review which follows. This stressed the importance of social skills, the necessity to structure the learning experience of students to take this into account and to examine the curriculum, ethos and teaching style within my classroom in this context.
Group work was a common feature of my teaching, but the literature has alerted me to the need to structure this more formally to ensure that each individual achieves academic and social targets within the group, and is not simply allowed to 'coast' in the shade of his/her more able or more confident peers. I therefore implemented a short programme of structured social skilling and cooperative learning activities in my classroom, to examine the practical implications of social skilling in a cooperative learning environment.
The assumption underlying this action research is that its value lies in the extent to which it supports my practical judgement and increases my capacity to reflect systematically upon the complex situations which I confront in my teaching life (Elliott, 1981).
Chapter 2 of this paper examines some theories of student behaviour and three approaches to behaviour management: the interventionist, the non-interventionist and the interactionist models. The key elements and the implications of each approach for classroom teachers and the students in their care are considered in turn.
Chapter 3 discusses social skills and the ways in which they may be developed and explores cooperative learning strategies which may be used in classrooms to enhance and develop social skills which have already been encountered by most of the students in their family and school relationships.
Chapter 4 reports a case-study which seeks to explore the structured introduction of cooperative learning as part of a social skilling strategy with a Grade 5/6 class. Data were collected over a six-week period to illustrate the process that has been implemented.
Chapter 5 concludes that, despite the brevity of the study, there was some evidence that students became more socially aware and more skilled, as demonstrated by collaboration between wider groups of students and more on-task behaviour. This may be partly due to the consistency between the cooperative learning activities and the interactionist classroom style.
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Heron, Darcy. "Skin infection in early life, stress response and asthma development in children." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4850.
Full textAbstract:
Historically, the primary belief has been that asthma is an atopic disease with the strongest risk factor for developing asthma being exposure to an allergen. However, researchers have begun to question that long held belief and are beginning to study other postnatal environmental factors such as stress. Research delving into maternal postnatal distress and the subsequent effects seen upon the developing neonatal immune system as it pertains to asthma has gained momentum.
With that in mind, the focus of this research was 1) to determine if skin infections are more likely to be seen in young children who have been exposed to maternal distress, 2) to determine if skin infections in children from infancy to age 2 are associated with asthma, independent of atopic dermatitis, and 3) to determine if the association between early life skin infection and asthma was independent of recent stress biomarkers such as cortisol and dehydroepiandrostrone (DHEA). To meet the objectives listed above, the 1995 SAGE (Study of Asthma, Genes and the Environment) Manitoba birth cohort of 13980 children was used. Maternal postnatal distress, skin infection and atopic dermatitis in the infant, asthma at age 11 and other risk factors for asthma were derived from Manitoba’s health care databases. For objective 3, data on stress biomarkers (Cortisol/DHEA ratio) were obtained from the SAGE nested case-control study.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed the first objective that skin infections (adj. OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13-1.39) and or atopic dermatitis (adj. OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.26-1.70) seen in children from birth to age 2 could be used as indirect markers of stress. The second objective determined that children who exhibited an early skin infection, from birth to age two, were at an increased risk for developing asthma by age 11 independent of atopic dermatitis. However, this finding was dependent upon frequency of health care use. Those children that exhibited an early skin infection and had less than 24 health care visits over 7 years were 1.33 times (95% CI 1.01-1.75) more likely to acquire asthma by age 11 than those who did not have an early skin infection. Children with fewer health care visits were 1.44 times more likely to have asthma. The third objective was not met because the association between early skin infection and asthma was not independent of the Cortisol/DHEA ratio. However, the univariate results for skin infection in the nested case-control study were not significant. The findings of this thesis may be used by family physicians or paediatricians when looking for tangible markers that may indicate infants at risk for developing asthma by school age.
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Handelsman, Susan Merle. "Sun protection of children-maternal attitudes,knowledge and behaviour." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1878.
Full textAbstract:
Student Number : 8325808 -
M Family Medicine thesis -
Faculty of Health SciencesChildhood protection from the sun affords lifetime protection from skin cancer. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 184 mothers in 4 medical waiting rooms in Gauteng. The purpose of the study was to determine mothers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards sun protection of their children. Data was collected by means of an anonymous, confidential, self-administered questionnaire. There was a significant correlation between personal behaviour of the mother and behaviour of the use of sun protection on their children. The majority of mothers purchase a sunscreen of SPF factor > 15. Knowledge often does not transfer into behaviour, with many parents still believing that a suntan is healthy. Mothers’ attitudes towards sun protection was positive. Knowing someone with skin cancer does not increase the usage of sun protection. Mothers attain their knowledge of sun protection from magazines and television. Mothers felt they would benefit from more information. Sun avoidance methods need to be taught and the perception of a suntan being healthy needs to be changed in the public media.
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Tripp, Mary Katherine Mullen Patricia D. Diamond Pamela M. Gritz Ellen R. "Psychosocial measures reported by parents in studies of skin cancer prevention." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3350088.
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WANG, TING-LI, and 王婷俐. "The Influence of Skipping Exercise on the Development of Children's Height in Grade 5." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8k8x2b.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東大學
體育學系碩士班
107
Skipping exercise is a high-impact sports. The body has a large reaction force on the ground and has a positive stimulation effect on the bones. It is conducive to the development of the height of the children. In this paper, we focus on to explore the influence of the 16-week skipping exercise intervention on the height development of the fifth-grade children. Methods: The fifth-grade children of the Primary School (550 students) were divided into experimental group (265 people; 121 students, 144 girls) and control group (285 students; 149 boys, 136 girls). Both groups maintained normal physical activity. The experimental group conduct physical education twice a week and three class activities per week to intervene in a 10-minute skipping exercise for a period of 16 weeks; the control group did not participate in the skipping exercise. All experimental participants were tested for height before and after the experiment. The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS for Windows 22.0 Chinese version by single factor covariate, α=.05. Comparing the difference between the height of the experimental group and the control group after the intervention of skipping exercise. Result: After 16 weeks of skipping exercise, the experimental group and the control group were significantly measured before and after (p<.05). Conclusion: The intervention of skipping exercise can help the development of children's height.
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Guy, Caradee Yael. "An investigation into the ultraviolet radiation exposure of children and adolescents in Durban." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4601.
Full textAbstract:
Stratospheric ozone plays an important role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation. The well-known depletion of the ozone layer has raised several concerns in terms of an expected increase in surface ultraviolet radiation. South Africa, situated in the southern mid-latitude regions, has experienced a general downward trend in total column ozone since 1979, As a result of this negative trend in total column ozone, the ultraviolet flux at the earth's surface is expected to increase. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to have acute and chronic effects on human health, including erythema and skin cancer. Numerous studies have acknowledged a relationship between childhood ultraviolet radiation exposure and the risk of contracting skin cancer, namely malignant melanoma, during adulthood. The aim of this study is to investigate the ultraviolet radiation dose and exposure of children and adolescents in Durban, South Africa. Polysulphone film badges were used to quantify the daily erythemal ultraviolet radiation dose of 30 individuals of varying ages and skin types, engaged in different activities, over a one-week period during summer. The results highlight the diversity of childrens' and adolescents' behavioural patterns, with behaviour being found to play an important role in determining an individual's ultraviolet radiation dose. The mean daily erythemal ultraviolet radiation dose of the children and adolescents was 1.03 MED units with a median of 0.57 MED units and a 95% range of 0.22 - 7.22 MED units. The most striking finding was that the median value was below the critical value of 1 MED unit. An explanation for the unexpectedly low erythemal ultraviolet radiation doses recorded in this study was sought in the prevailing climatic conditions. Ambient erythemal ultraviolet radiation levels recorded during the study period were high, ranging between 20.57 - 30.60 MED units. However, high temperatures (>27°C), coupled with high humidity values, may have encouraged the children and adolescents to avoid direct sunlight and find shade while outdoors. The daily erythemal ultraviolet radiation doses of the children and adolescents were also compared to the ambient erythemal ultraviolet radiation levels received on a horizontal surface by a YES UVB-l pyranometer located at the University of Natal (Durban). Children and adolescents in Durban received approximately 4.58% of the total daily ambient erythemal ultraviolet radiation incident upon a horizontal surface. This was found to be similar to a study (5 - 6%) conducted by Diffey et al. (1996) in England, as well as a study (4 - 8%) by Gies et al. (1998) in Brisbane, Australia. The personal ultraviolet radiation exposure journals of the children and adolescents were used to determine the timing of exposures, duration of exposures and nature of outdoor activities and these were then related to their daily ultraviolet radiation doses. Of all the factors considered, the nature of an individual's activity was found to have the strongest influence in determining their ultraviolet radiation dose. An activity model was derived in order to investigate the effect of activity on ultraviolet radiation dose, where three activity factors, namely swimming, walking and tennis, were calculated for a South African context and compared with those from previous international studies. It was found that the activity factors derived in this study were similar to Holman et al. (1983) and Herlihy et al. (1994) and may be used in an activity model to estimate individual erythemal ultraviolet radiation dose for a particular activity. The value of this innovative activity model lies in its ability to predict individual ultraviolet radiation dose and this may help to emphasise the importance of responsible outdoor behaviour. A mannequin was used to quantify the anatomical distribution of erythemal ultraviolet radiation under clear sky and overcast conditions. It was found that the vertex of the head and shoulders received the highest erythemal ultraviolet radiation doses under both conditions. This was then related to the erythemal ultraviolet radiation doses of the children and adolescents as recorded by the polysulphone film badges in order to identify anatomic sites susceptible to high erythemal ultraviolet radiation doses. Behaviour alternatives and ultraviolet radiation protective mechanisms were discussed and recommendations made for children and adolescents residing in Durban.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.