Relevant bibliographies by topics / Skilled and unskilled labour

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Skilled and unskilled labour'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Skilled and unskilled labour"

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Mukhopadhyay, Ujjaini. "Differential Education Subsidy Policy and Wage Inequality Between Skilled, Semi-skilled and Unskilled Labour: A General Equilibrium Approach." Review of Development and Change 26, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722661211003186.

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The article investigates the effects of secondary (including vocational) and higher-education subsidies on wage inequalities between skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled workers, and unemployment in a small open developing economy in terms of a two-sector Harris–Todaro dynamic general equilibrium framework. The results show that skilled–unskilled and skilled–semi-skilled wage inequalities depend on factor intensity conditions, while semi-skilled–unskilled wage inequality is determined by the level of skill formation in the economy. There is a trade-off between the wage inequalities of skilled–semi-skilled and semi-skilled–unskilled workers due to secondary education subsidy; the trade-off also exists with respect to higher-education subsidy if the manufacturing sector is more skilled labour intensive. However, if the manufacturing sector is capital intensive, higher-education subsidy is detrimental for both types of wage inequalities in the initial years of skill formation but might have favourable effects when the skill endowment is high. Both types of subsidies reduce unemployment in the initial periods, but higher-education subsidy accentuates it when skilled labour supply expands in the economy.
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Mahmood, Zafar. "Emigration and Wages in an Open Economy: Some Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i3pp.243-262.

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This paper examines the impact of labour emigration on the wages of both the skilled and unskilled workers. The paper is based on a 3 X 3 trade-theoretic model, where a subset of the goods produced are traded at internationally fIXed prices. The results of the model hinge cruci~y on the intensities of the factors used 'within' the traded goods sectors of the economy. Using the Pakistani data, it is found that unskilled labour is used extremely intensively in the agriculture sector (exportable), skilled labour is used extremely intensively in the manufacturing sector (importable), and capital is used as the middle factor in both the traded goods sectors. Moreover, capital is used significantly less intensively in the construction (non-traded) sector relative to both the traded sectors. Based on the estimated relative factor intensities, the model predicts that emigration of either skilled or unskilled workers from Pakistan, in the long run, would benefit (in nominal as well as real terms) both the skilled and unskilled workers and hurt the owners of capital. The results suggest that the higher wages to both the skilled and unskilled workers must be compensated by a reduction in the rate of returns to capital if export-orientcd and import-competing sectors in Pakistan are to remain internationally competitive.
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Mnif, Sirine. "Skill-biased technological change: The case of the MENA region." Ekonomski anali 61, no. 210 (2016): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1610101m.

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Our work treats the relationship between inequality and technological change. Specifically, we focus on the transmission mechanisms by which technological innovation affects inequality in access to employment. The objective of this article is to determine the effect of the diffusion of innovation on the demand for skilled and non-skilled labour. It focuses on the concept of technological bias and the role of inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. The empirical validation of this work is based on the technique of the dynamic panel. An estimate using the method of Arellano and Bond seems more relevant. There is a positive relationship between innovation and the demand for skilled labour but a negative relationship with unskilled labour. This result is confirmed in our sample of countries.
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Mahmood, Zafar. "The Substitutability of Emigrants and Non-migrants in the Construction Sector of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 29, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v29i2pp.123-136.

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To predict the impact of emigration on labour displacement and factor rewards, a trasloogarithmic production function has been used. The estimation determined that unskilled emigrants and skilled and unskilled non-migrants have a complementarity with capital. While skilled emigrants and capital are substitutes, they are complementary with unskilled non-migrants. Based on these results, the model predicts displacement of unskilled non-migrants in the short run. Long-run predictions include an increase in wages of all kinds of workers and the adoption of capital-intensive techniques.
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Wang, Dianshuang. "Manufacturing and agricultural pollution, private mitigation and wage inequality in the presence of pollution externalities." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 2 (February 27, 2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2018-agricecon.

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The paper incorporates manufacturing and agricultural pollution into a three-sector general equilibrium model with pollution externalities both on agricultural production and labour health. Manufacturing generates pollution that affects agricultural production and health, while agriculture employs the pollutant as a factor for production that only affects health. Under the framework, this paper investigates the impacts of environmental protection policies and a rise in the self-mitigation cost of skilled and unskilled labour on wage inequality. A larger environmental tax expands wage gap if partial elasticity of substitution between labour and dirty input in the urban unskilled sector is small enough. More restrictive agricultural pollutants control narrows down the wage gap. The impact of an increase in the self-mitigation cost of skilled labour on wage inequality is ambiguous, depending on the factors substitution in agriculture and the elasticity of manufacturing pollution on agricultural production, while a larger self-mitigation cost of unskilled labour brings down the wage gap.
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Chaudhuri, Sarbajit. "International Migration of Skilled and Unskilled Labour, Welfare and Skilled-unskilled Wage Inequality: a Simple Model." Journal of Economic Integration 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2004): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2004.19.4.727.

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Banik, Arindam, and Pradip K. Bhaumik. "The Effects of Exogenous Technological Change on Wage Inequality in Rural India." Global Business Review 19, no. 6 (October 22, 2018): 1515–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918804288.

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This article develops a theoretical model that studies the economic benefits to skilled rural artisans receiving toolkits under a given poverty reduction programme. The model encompasses the frameworks for understanding the relationship between the supply of skilled labour (artisans) with improved toolkits, changes in rural economic activities and the relative incomes. Consequently, it provides a natural setting to infer their empirical relevance. The counterfactual analysis from a large sample of data reveals that once the toolkits are provided to the rural skilled artisans, the artisans as a broad social group are more likely to have benefited from the programme. Less benefit can be, but is not necessarily, associated with poor education level and other assets owned by the rural artisans. More interestingly, while the real wages of skilled workers are expected to rise due to the use of skill-biased toolkits, the wages of unskilled workers may either remain unaffected or even fall. The issue of supply of skilled labour has, therefore, become an area of immense interest largely because of the rising inequality in the relative wages of skilled and unskilled labour.
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Betthäuser, Bastian A. "Left behind? Over-time change in the social mobility of children from unskilled working-class backgrounds in Germany." Acta Sociologica 63, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 133–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699319868524.

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Research on intergenerational social mobility tends to focus on examining the level of overall social fluidity in society. However, from a social justice perspective it can be argued that the type of social fluidity that matters most is upward mobility from the lowest rung of the social ladder. This article examines the labour market chances of children from parents in unskilled working-class positions, relative to children from skilled working-class and higher social class backgrounds, and how they have changed across four birth cohorts in post-WWII Germany. We find that individuals from unskilled working-class backgrounds have substantially lower labour market chances than individuals from skilled working-class backgrounds or higher social class backgrounds. Moreover, we find that the gap in labour market chances between individuals from unskilled working-class backgrounds and individuals from more advantaged backgrounds has not narrowed but, if anything, has widened across the four birth cohorts we examine. Our results suggest that an important factor underlying this sustained labour market inequality is a persistently high level of educational inequality between these groups.
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Caselli, Francesco, and Wilbur John Coleman. "The World Technology Frontier." American Economic Review 96, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.499.

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We study cross-country differences in the aggregate production function when skilled and unskilled labor are imperfect substitutes. We find that there is a skill bias in cross-country technology differences. Higher-income countries use skilled labor more efficiently than lower-income countries, while they use unskilled labor relatively and, possibly, absolutely less efficiently. We also propose a simple explanation for our findings: rich countries, which are skilled-labor abundant, choose technologies that are best suited to skilled workers; poor countries, which are unskilled-labor abundant, choose technologies more appropriate to unskilled workers. We discuss alternative explanations, such as capital-skill complementarity and differences in schooling quality.
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Roy Chowdhury, Sahana. "Migration in a model of occupational choice." Indian Growth and Development Review 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2008): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17538250810868143.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical explanation for the empirical observation that the relative migration of unskilled (skilled) labor tends to occur from developing economies that are relatively unequal (equal).Design/methodology/approachWealth inequality is related with migration incentives of skilled and unskilled labor in a model of occupational choice using a two‐period overlapping generations framework.FindingsIt is shown that high inequality creates a disincentive to migrate for skilled labor. Too much equality however creates a disincentive to migrate for unskilled labor. Thus, a highly unequal (equal) economy sustains unskilled (skilled) labor migration only.Originality/valueRelative to the existing theoretical literature on migration, the distinguishing feature of this model is that it has entrepreneurship as an alternative occupational choice. This implies that the incentive to migrate is not affected solely by wage differentials across countries. It is shown that in a highly unequal developing economy there is no skilled migration – despite the gap between the skilled wage of the source economy and that of the foreign economy – in equilibrium.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skilled and unskilled labour"

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Behar, Alberto. "Are skilled and unskilled labour complements or substitutes?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1900a3c1-135a-4954-83c4-6baf474f1271.

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Using theoretical and empirical approaches, this thesis asks whether skilled and unskilled labour complement or substitute one another in production. We primarily investigate whether an increase in the proportion of workers with skills would raise or lower demand for those who remain unskilled. A secondary issue is the role of factor prices in labour demand. To study the role of factor prices, we estimate labour demand elasticities and Alien elasticities of substitution between capital and up to five occupations in South Africa. We supplement firmlevel data with household survey information and confirm theoretically that the elasticities can be estimated from a cost function under non-constant returns to scale. We show that separable disaggregated inputs can be used to find aggregate elasticities: more skilled and less skilled aggregates are p-complements, so a fall in skilled wages would lead to a rise in demand for less skilled labour. Disaggregated estimates suggest unskilled workers are p-complements with semi-skilled workers but p-substitutes with skilled/artisanal labour. We investigate the effects of a rise in skill supply on the relatively unskilled by estimating Hicks elasticities of complementarity and factor price. Aggregated estimates suggest more skilled and less skilled labour are q-complements, so an exogenous rise in the supply of skilled labour would raise demand for less skilled labour. Disaggregated estimates suggest skilled/artisanal and unskilled labour are q-complements while semi-skilled and unskilled labour are q-substitutes. The results allow for imperfectly elastic product demand and rigid wages. Using an endogenous growth model, we show technological progress is skill-biased in the South if it is in the North, resulting in rising wage inequality in developing countries. Assuming skilled and unskilled labour are perfect substitutes, we model expanded educational access as it adds relatively educated cohorts to the labour market. A rising skill composition causes accelerated skill-biased technological change and wage inequality. Relaxing the assumption of perfect substitutability, a one-off rise in skill supply only raises wage inequality if the elasticity of substitution is high, higher than existing empirical estimates.
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Wang, Dianshuang, Yuanting Xu, and Xiaochun Li. "Environment and Labor Transfer of Skilled Labor and Unskilled Labor between Sectors." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17817.

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Kim, Hyeon Jin. "The impact of learning on low-skilled workers' skill-improvement." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243956905.

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Kang, Myung Soo. "A study on changes of wage distribution in Korea, 1976-1998, from the perspective of skill-based technological changes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3012984.

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Stevens, James A. "Labor demand and factor substitution in the western Washington sawmill industry /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5582.

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Gargouri, Nabawia. "La libéralisation des échanges et le marché du travail dans les pays en developpement : cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0021/document.

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Notre thèse porte sur le rôle de la libéralisation des échanges extérieurs dans les mutations qui ont eu lieu sur le marché du travail dans les pays en développement, cas de la Tunisie. Notre analyse se décompose en deux parties, la première étudie les fondements théoriques et leurs validations empiriques de la relation entre l’ouverture commerciale et le marché de l’emploi. La deuxième étudie les effets de l’ouverture commerciale sur le marché du travail tunisien. Nous présentons le degré d’intégration de la Tunisie dans l’économie mondiale ainsi que les différentes réformes du marché du travail qui ont eu lieu après l’adoption du programme d’ajustement structurel et la mise en œuvre des accords de libre-échange. Dans notre étude nous estimons un modèle à deux équations portant sur l’emploi et le salaire. Notre estimation se base sur deux approches, l’une à deux dimensions, temps et secteurs, et l’autre portant seulement sur le temps. Les principaux résultats sont:- Les importations et les exportations sont les variables les moins signifiantes car elles ont un effet marginal sur la demande de travail. À l’inverse, la production et l’emploi retardé sont les variables les plus explicatives et cela sans spécificité sectorielle. - La détermination du salaire réel dépend des importations et des exportations qui ont des effets différents à court ou à long terme selon le type de secteur (exportable, importable et non échangeable). Par ailleurs, l’emploi ainsi que la productivité des travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés sont des variables explicatives qui peuvent avoir une spécification sectorielle. Quant à la production, elle intervient différemment selon les secteurs
Our thesis focuses on the role of liberalization of foreign trade in the changes that have taken place in the labor market in developing countries, notably the case of Tunisia. Our analysis is divided into two parts, the first looks at the theoretical foundations of the link between trade liberalization and labor market and their empirical validation, and the second looks at the effects of trade opening on the Tunisian labor market. We present the degree of integration of Tunisia in the global economy and the various reforms of the labor market that occurred after the adoption of the structural adjustment program and the implementation of free trade agreements, particularly with the European Union. In our study we estimate a two-equation model on employment and salary. Our estimate is based on two approaches, one in two dimensions, time and sectors, and the other only looking at the time dimension. The main results may be summarized as follows:- Imports and exports are the least meaningful variables because they have a marginal effect on labor demand. Conversely, production and employment with a time lag are the more explanatory variables without sectoral specificity.- The determination of the salary level adjusted for inflation depends on imports and exports which have different effects in the short or long term depending on the sector (exportable, importable and non-tradable). Moreover, employment and productivity of skilled and unskilled workers are explanatory variables and may have a sectoral specification. As for production, it operates differently in different sectors
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Moseki, Maleepile Felicity. "Migrating to South Africa : experiences of 'skilled' and 'unskilled' Lesotho workers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29253.

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Over the past decades, Lesotho has been a source of, primarily, unskilled migrant labour entering South Africa, with Basotho men working on the South African mines and Basotho women restricted to domestic work. This dissertation examines the experiences of both ‘skilled’ and ‘unskilled’ Lesotho migrants currently living in South Africa. The study aims to establish those factors that are influential in prompting Lesotho citizens to leave Lesotho for South Africa. Moreover, it probes differences and similarities with regard to the work patterns encountered by skilled and unskilled workers as well as establishes the impact which migration has had on the lives of migrants. The literature tends to suggest that skilled workers face fewer restrictions and receive better treatment from management and colleagues in companies, while unskilled workers, on the other hand, may be exposed to considerable harassment, exploitation and poor treatment. This study concurs with the evidence in the literature in finding that unskilled workers are at a greater disadvantage when entering the South African labour market as compared to skilled workers. Moreover, it would appear that skilled workers are benefiting more in terms of their jobs, and in having their expectations met than unskilled workers. For the research participants in this study, xenophobia did not appear to be a serious factor, despite the fact that much public attention has been focused on the situation of foreign workers in South Africa. However, these workers from Lesotho highlighted racism as more of an obstacle than xenophobia. In addition, the study reiterates the popular findings that it is better job opportunities that remain the main motivation behind both skilled and unskilled workers migrating to South Africa with development, growth, training opportunities, mentoring, and interaction with more experienced colleagues also emerging as motivating factors. The discourse of the research participants also revealed social networks to be influential in the acquiring and maintaining of jobs. The study illustrates the relevance of ‘dependency’ theory for building understanding of the reasons why ‘skilled’ and ‘unskilled’ workers persist in migrating to South Africa. Finally, migration remains the ‘coming of age’ for Lesotho migrants, impacting positively on both their lives as well as the lives of their families. AFRIKAANS : Lesotho was tydens die afgelope paar dekades ʼn bron van ongeskoolde arbeid vir Suid-Afrika, waar manlike trekarbeiders gewoonlik in die mynwese werk en die vroulike trekarbeiders beperk is om betaalde huishoudsters te word. Hierdie dissertasie bestudeer die ervarings van ‘geskoolde’ en ‘ongeskoolde’ Lesotho trekarbeiders wat in Suid-Afrika woon. Die studie stel die faktore vas wat besluite rondom trekarbeid beïnvloed, veral díe wat die inwoners van Lesotho motiveer om hul land te verlaat om in Suid-Afrika te gaan werk. Die studie ondersoek boonop die verskille en ooreenkomste ten opsigte van werkspatrone wat geskoolde en ongeskoolde werkers teëkom. Dit stel ook vas wat die impak van trekarbeid op hierdie mense se lewens het. Die literatuur is geneig om voor te stel dat geskoolde arbeiders minder beperkinge ondervind en binne maatskappye beter behandel word deur bestuur en kollegas, terwyl ongeskoolde arbeiders aansienlike teistering en uitbuiting ervaar gepaard met swak behandeling. My studie stem ooreen met die literatuur – ek het gevind dat ongeskoolde arbeiders meer benadeel word as geskoolde arbeiders wat na Suid-Afrika migreer. Geskoolde arbeiders ervaar ook meer voordele ten opsigte van werk en hulle verwagtinge word verwesenlik. Deelnemers van hierdie navorsingsprojek het aangedui dat xenofobie nie ʼn ernstige faktoor was nie, al was daar baie publieke aandag gevestig op buitelandse arbeiders in Suid-Afrika. Vir die Lesotho arbeiders was rasisme ʼn groter struikelblok as xenofobie. Hierdie studie herhaal populêre bevindings dat daar beter werksmoontlikhede in Suid-Afrika is as in Lesotho, en dít is steeds die hoof motivering waarom geskoolde en ongeskoolde arbeiders daarheen migreer. Verdere motiverende redes was geïdentifiseer, naamlik: ontwikkeling, groei, opleidingsmoontlikhede, mentors, en interaksie met meer ervare kollegas. Die Lesotho arbeiders se besprekings het dit duidelik gemaak dat sosiale netwerke ‘n groot rol het in verband met werkwerwing en behouding daarvan. Hierdie studie illustreer die toepaslikheid van ‘afhanklikheidsteorie’ wat bydrae tot die begrip waarom geskoolde en ongeskoolde arbeiders na Suid-Afrika migreer. Laastens is migrasie steeds ʼn soort mylpaal vir Lesotho trekarbeiders en dit het ‘n positiewe impak op hul, en hul families se lewens. Copyright
Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Sociology
unrestricted
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McPherson, Alexander Hugh. "Scottish international skilled labour mobility." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5506/.

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The topic of international skilled labour mobility has received growing attention within the field of population geography and other disciplines. This interest reflects the large growth of international skilled labour mobility, especially during the 1980s. Attention of prior research has focused on the migratory movement of managers and professionals as they radiate across the globe, recording and representing the dispersal of international investment and the overseas expansion of producers of goods and services. The research examines Scotland's participation in the international exchange of skilled labour. The research undertaken addresses the varying theoretical, conceptual and methodological approaches of prior research on international skilled labour mobility in geography, as well as in other disciplines, such as management studies and occupational psychology. In doing so, the interplay between work and non-work spheres in shaping Scottish international skilled labour mobility is highlighted, as is the differing temporal and spatial focus of existing studies. The author's research thus investigates both the economic and social contexts of Scottish international skilled labour mobility, these contexts being characterised at macro, meso and micro level. In addition, the research adopts a broader definition of skilled labour movements than prior research, and so the study discusses the place of short term business travel as well as longer term migratory movements and the relationship between them. In illustrating the economic context of Scottish international skilled labour mobility, the research outlines macro level changes in the Scottish economy and the role of foreign direct investment as a source and channel of Scottish skill exchange. In turn, the specific institutional characteristics of activities generating these labour flows are examined and related to the occupational status of mobile persons.
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Dido, Romano William. "Wellness strategies for unskilled and semi-skilled employees in the built environment." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6929.

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More employees in organisations in the built environment are beginning to suffer from ill health related to work when compared with employees in other industries. There are many reasons for this, such as: unsuitable working conditions, physical demands linked to the occupation and the high proportion of transient unskilled and semi-skilled employees. A study concerning the wellness levels of unskilled and semi-skilled employees therefore contributes to the understanding and improvement of employee health within the industry. The main objective of this study was therefore to identify the wellness levels of employees in the built environment and their perceptions of the extent to which their company provides wellness interventions or strategies. The methodological approach used in this study was within a quantitative paradigm, and a questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument. The findings indicated that the employees engaged in healthy activities and that the organisation encouraged the employees to maintain healthy lifestyles. However, there were areas that required consideration. Specifically, more attention should be given to budgeting for wellness interventions, regular health screenings should take place and more attention to substance abuse is required.
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Kettlewell, Gail Ellen Biery. "A description of reading in the composing process: skilled and unskilled college writers." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54308.

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A theoretical construct for examining the use of reading in composing, developed from the literature review and pilot study, was tested using audio-videotaped protocols of students composing two drafts of an essay, followed by retrospective interviews. Fifteen skilled and fifteen unskilled college writers, so designated by tests and a writing sample given by the English department, participated in the study at a rural, two-year technical college in a Sunbelt state during the 1984-85 school year. The construct for examining reading in composing included the focus of reading: word, multi-word, sentence, multi-sentence, paragraph, multi-paragraph, and draft levels; the purpose of reading: to verify, clarify, provide direction, edit, or refresh memory; the effect (or outcome) of reading: no/change or change, using Faigley and Witte's revision classification scheme to describe changes; and the amount of reading, which was a count of all occurrences of reading. The construct was useful in identifying the aspects of reading in composing. Thus, a major benefit of the study is empirical data on reading-in-composing for both skilled and unskilled writers. A profile of each group's use of reading was developed. Then a comparison of reading by the two groups was made using chi-square and percents. The findings revealed that (1) 29 of the 30 students were readers of their texts; (2) the skilled writers wrote and read twice as much as the unskilled writers did, but the proportion in both drafts was the same; (3) reading occurred within and between drafts for both groups; (4) both groups read most often at the multi-word level; (5) both groups read for all five purposes and when ranked by frequency, the order was the same for both groups; (6) the effect of reading differed significantly in the no-change/change categories with the skilled writers making more changes. Findings which were statistically significant included: the size of the corpus; the focus of reading; the difference in no-change/change decisions; and the categories of change at surface, meaning-preserving and meaning-changing levels. The study confirmed that writing is a recursive process with reading as a major component and that both skilled and unskilled writers are readers of their texts. The study revealed that protocol analysis and the Faigley and Witte classification scheme for revision can work well together. Second, the amount, focus, purpose, and effect of reading can be examined through thinking-aloud composing protocols. Third, reading is a more appropriate term than re-reading to describe the reading which occurs during the composing process.
Ed. D.
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Books on the topic "Skilled and unskilled labour"

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Kearney, I. Estimating the demand for skilled labour, unskilled labour and clerical workers: A dynamic framework. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1997.

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Richter, Wolfram F. Taxing human capital efficiently: The double dividend of taxing nonqualified labour more heavily than qualified labour. Bochum: Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2007.

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Boothby, Daniel W. Have the labour market conditions of low-skilled workers worsened in Canada? Hull, Quebec, Canada: Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy, Human Resources Development Canada, 1998.

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Boothby, Daniel W. Have the labour market conditions of low-skilled workers worsened in Canada? [Hull, Quebec]: Human Resources Development Canada, Applied Research Branch, 1998.

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Currie, Janet M. Health insurance and less skilled workers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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French, Eric. The changing pattern of wage growth for low skilled workers. [Chicago, Ill.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2006.

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Dolado, Juan. The effects of migration on the relative demand of skilled versus unskilled labour: Evidence from Spain. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Gingras, Yves. Is there a skill gap in Canada? Hull, Quebec, Canada: Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy, Human Resources Development Canada, 1998.

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Haskel, Jonathan. The decline in unskilled employment in UK manufacturing. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Haskel, Jonathan. The decline in unskilled employment in UK manufacturing. London: London University, QueenMary and Westfield College, Department of Economics, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Skilled and unskilled labour"

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Falkinger, Josef. "Skilled and unskilled labor." In Contributions to Economics, 85–115. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2649-4_5.

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Li, Xiaochun, Yuanting Xu, and Dianshuang Wang. "Environment and Labor Movement of Skilled Labor and Unskilled Labor Between Sectors." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 131–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3569-2_8.

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Li, Xiaochun, and Yu Zhou. "An Economic Analysis of Remittance of Unskilled Migration on Skilled–Unskilled Wage Inequality in Labor Host Region." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 85–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3569-2_5.

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Momodu, A. S., E. F. Aransiola, T. D. Adepoju, and I. D. Okunade. "Global Strategy, Local Action with Biogas Production for Rural Energy Climate Change Impact Reduction." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1381–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_198.

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AbstractGlobal climate change impact is predicted to affect various sectors including the energy demand and supply sectors respectively. Combating this impact will require adoption of both global strategy and localized actions. The use of low carbon strategy based on renewables is a global strategy, while waste management of biodegradable materials through the use anaerobic technology to meet energy demand is a local action. Nigeria is among the vulnerable countries to global climate change impact; this is even more aggravated by its dependence on fossil fuel usage as well as poor waste management, which two, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter presents analysis of purified compressed biogas production, a waste conversion option, as a local action to meet rural household energy demand and contribute to global strategy of reducing climate change impact. It discusses both technical and business model approaches to upscale a laboratory experimental procedure for biogas production through anaerobic digestion using vegetal wastes. It shows that using anaerobic technology can achieve efficient waste management and at the same time generate energy that can be used to achieve avoided emissions for climate change impact reduction. The study also concludes that upscaling the project will be sustainable for rural energy augmentation as it produces clean and renewable energy, reduces the use of fossil fuels, provides jobs for skilled and unskilled labor, and generates new return streams.
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Wood, Adrian. "How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers." In International Trade and Labour Markets, 140–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14577-5_7.

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Yeomans, Liz. "‘Skilled emotion workers’." In Public Relations as Emotional Labour, 109–36. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge new directions in public relations and communication research: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315687162-5.

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Chaudhuri, Sarbajit, and Ujjaini Mukhopadhyay. "Economic Liberalisation, Informal Wage and Skilled–Unskilled Wage Inequality." In Revisiting the Informal Sector, 123–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1194-0_7.

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Moon, Ilkyeong, Sanghoon Shin, and Dongwook Kim. "Integrated Assembly Line Balancing with Skilled and Unskilled Workers." In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 459–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44739-0_56.

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Gregg, Paul, and Jonathan Wadsworth. "Labour Market Prospects of Less Skilled Workers Over the Recovery." In The Labour Market Under New Labour, 86–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598454_7.

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Cuban, Sondra. "Care Industry Needs Skilled Migrant Labour." In Deskilling Migrant Women in the Global Care Industry, 51–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137305619_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skilled and unskilled labour"

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Vu Thanh Le, James Zhang, Michael Johnstone, Saeid Nahavandi, and Doug Creighton. "Dynamic control of skilled and unskilled labour task assignments." In 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2013.6584217.

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Davey, Bill, and David Kelly. "System Analysis Education Using Simulated Case Studies." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2885.

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Transfer of learning can be demonstrated by assessment tasks mirroring real life situations. This can be attempted in real organisations, or by simulating the real, life experience in a structured case study. In this paper we discuss experiences with work situated learning and difficulties that commonly arise. The alternative of encapsulating real life experience in hypermedia based materials is then presented using a number of case studies. Finally a model is presented for producing these “real life” encapsulations which overcomes the problems of lack of structure in individual experience without losing the advantages of common lifelike experiences. Some testing of the model is presented. The model involves the steps of: • Determine real life skills commonly required • Imagine a context rich enough (and having the case study design team with enough knowledge of the context that they can draw from their experience to fill in the holes) • Structure (partition) the case so that team work is possible without too much overlap between tasks. Identify the overlapping points that will force the level of teamwork between students that is intended • Identify parts of the solution development where students can be synchronised using a published solution to part of the problem • Create answers for each skill point starting from the top • Tag each part of the answer with the essential component of information required for an answer • Determine the most likely format that the tagged information would be found in real life • Create the set of tagged information using unskilled labour to provide detailed data • Write the project brief so that an appropriate level of guidance is given for navigating the information sources
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Lafferty, Carol Rose. "Unskilled Labour Migrants in Qatar: Issues and Policy Developments." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2018.ssahpp655.

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Seonhong Hwang, Seunghyeon Kim, and Youngho Kim. "Torque and power outputs on skilled and unskilled users during manual wheelchair propulsion." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6347072.

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Čuhlová, Renata. "Intercultural and social determinants of the international skilled labour mobility." In XIX. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků. Brno: Masaryk university, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8273-2016-52.

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Rodríguez Pérez, Reyna Elizabeth, and Crhistian Joel González Cuatianquis. "Skilled-unskilled workers wage gap in Mexico: A regional approach of the exposure to trade openness." In Annual International Conference on Qualitative and Quantitative Economics Research (QQE 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2012_qqe16.3.

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Csugány, Julianna. "LABOUR MARKET TENDENCIES IN THE ERA OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2020.55.

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In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological change is also transforming the labour market. Technological and structural unemployment is simultaneously present in the economy, as well as the labour shortage causes many problems for the firms. The labour market has to respond to both demographic and technological change, while workers’ expectations and workers’ preferences are transformed in the digital era. The biggest fear in the new technological era is related to robots, which generate the loss of jobs because they can substitute human resources in an efficient way. Technological changes typically threaten lower-skilled workers doing routine tasks, while the need for a high-skilled workforce combined with creativity is increasing. This asymmetry of training already appeared in the earlier industrial revolution, but nowadays digital literacy, as well as the technological knowledge necessary for the operation of machines and equipment, are becoming a basic skill, so new competence requirements are formulated for the employees. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, not only robots cause problems in the global labour market, but also international trends that cause major transformation in both the supply and demand side of the labour market. Effective labour market adaptation to technological change can be the key to competitiveness in the new technological era. This research aims to provide a short analysis of the differences in the European labour market in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The labour demand and supply will be analysed in order to highlight the main tendencies related to the qualitative features of labour market in the new technological era.
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Doon, Roshnie. "RETURNS TO FIELD OF STUDY IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/zkwq5336.

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This study seeks to examine the impact that the field of study of workers in Trinidad and Tobago is likely to have on their earning capacity. Using individual persons’ data from the Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP), for the period 1991-2015, the returns of private and public sector workers were estimated by estimating a Mincerian Earnings function using the Quantile Regression technique. This study finds that men employed in low- and middle-income jobs for most fields (arts, humanities, science, engineering and architecture, social science, business, law, and mathematics and computer science and law enforcement) all suffered a wage decline in 2004-2015. This may be due to changes in the skill set where there was much growth in the industry demand for highly-skilled and unskilled men. This implies that middle income jobs which hire semi-skilled men, may be possibly becoming more polarized during the 2009-2015 recession. Men employed in high income jobs, earn better wages in more fields, particularly STEM areas. The earnings of women employed in low, middle- and high-income jobs for most fields, especially in the areas of STEM all improved in 2004-2015. This is likely to be the result of the rising participation of women in STEM fields, and a greater integration of STEM competencies in STEM and Non-STEM occupations.
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DUDEK, Michał, and Bożena KARWAT-WOŹNIAK. "BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES IN INCREASING RURAL EMPLOYMENT: LABOUR RESOURCES AND SELECTED POLICY INSTRUMENTS. THE CASE OF EU COHESION POLICY AND COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY INTERVENTIONS IN POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.155.

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An important feature of many rural markets is the over-supply of labour. An insufficient number of jobs in rural areas is usually associated with the shortage of capital, companies, consumers and skilled workers, i.e. limited impact of the agglomeration effect. Additionally, in regions with structural changes in agriculture, the phenomenon of increased or hidden unemployment is visible. One of the important objectives of labour market policy in Poland was a promotion of employment, especially in peripheral, poor and agricultural territories. Along with the accession of Poland to the EU, both agricultural and cohesion policy instruments supported by the structural funds have also been aimed at resolving the problems of rural labour markets. They concerned mainly the diversification of agricultural activities, support of entrepreneurship, as well as development of knowledge and skills. The paper considers the barriers and challenges in increasing employment in rural Poland. In particular, the changes on local rural labour markets and the influence of relevant policy tools thereon have been studied. The study is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the public statistics and information on the implementation of selected EU CAP and Cohesion Policy instruments in Poland from the period 2007-2014 and the literature of the subject. The study showed that, despite the favourable economic situation and the effects of projects aimed at creating and maintaining non-agricultural jobs in rural areas supported by the EU founds, the rural employment rate and the number of people employed in agriculture did not increase significantly. In this context, the paper provides the explanation of limited improvements in terms of rural employment and policy offers recommendations in this area.
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Ueda, Jun, Lauren Lacey, Melih Turkseven, Minoru Shinohara, Ilya Kovalenko, Euisun Kim, and Fatiesa Sulejmani. "Robotic Neuromuscular Facilitation for Regaining Neural Activation in Hemiparetic Limbs." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-48085.

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This paper introduces an effective engineered rehabilitation system for understanding and inducing functional recovery of hemiparetic limbs based on the concept of timing-dependent induction of neural plasticity. Limb motor function is commonly impaired after neurologic injury such as stroke, with hemiparesis being one of the major impairments. In an emerging unique intervention for hemiparesis, named repetitive facilitation exercise, or RFE, a therapist manually applies brief mechanical stimuli to the peripheral target muscles (e.g., tapping, stretching of tendon/muscle) immediately before a patient intends to produce a movement with the muscle. The practice of this rehabilitation procedure by a skilled therapist often leads to dramatic rehabilitation outcomes. However, unskilled therapists, most likely due to the inaccuracy of the timing of peripheral stimulation in reference to the intention of movement (i.e. motor command), are unable to recreate the same rehabilitation results. Robotic rehabilitation, on the other hand, can improve the reliability and efficacy of the operation by satisfying the timing precision required by the therapy. This study demonstrates the use of a pneumatically-driven MRI-compatible robot for RFE assessment. The pressure dynamics of the system is studied for an accurate estimation on the time of response of the robot. The required temporal precision of the therapy is obtained and the use of the device is validated through experiments on a human subject.
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Reports on the topic "Skilled and unskilled labour"

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Valencia, Oscar, Matilde Angarita, Juan Santaella, and Marcela De Castro. Do Immigrants Bring Fiscal Dividends?: The Case of Venezuelan Immigration in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002993.

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This paper analyzes the effects of recent Venezuelan immigration to Colombia on the fiscal balance, the labor market, and economic growth. For this purpose, we built a dynamic general equilibrium model with a search and matching structure in the labor market. The higher fiscal spending to address immigration negatively impacts the government's budget in the short term, which is offset by higher output, consumption, and employment level, increasing the government's revenues mainly through indirect tax collection. The effect on the labor market is different for unskilled workers--whose higher supply generates a negative effect on wages and an increase in the unemployment rate--and skilled workers, who benefit from higher wages and lower unemployment. These changes in the labor market affect the government's revenue, resulting, in the long term, in positive fiscal dividends of migration.
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