Relevant bibliographies by topics / Skin contact experiment

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Skin contact experiment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Skin contact experiment"

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Wu, Haibin, Yixian Su, Jinjin Shi, Jinwen Li, and Jinhua Ye. "A new robot skin for force and position detection." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 6 (October 20, 2014): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-07-2014-0369.

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Purpose – The aim of the research is to achieve a robot skin which is easy to use, and can detect both position and force interacted between robot and environments. Design/methodology/approach – The new type of robot skin proposed in this paper includes two functional modules – contact position sensor and contact force sensor. The contact position sensor module is based on the resistor divider principle, which consists of two perpendicular conductive fiber layers and insulated dot spacer between them. The contact force sensor module is based on capacitance change theory, which consists of two soft conductive plates and a viscoelastic layer between them. By combining the two modules, the soft robot skin was designed. Findings – Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the proposed robot skin design is feasible and effective enough to sense contact position and contact force simultaneously. Practical implications – This robot skin is low-cost and easy to make and use, which provides safety solutions for most of the robot. Originality/value – For the first time, an integrated robot skin which can get contact position and force information simultaneously is designed. Unlike general tactile sensor matrices, this robot skin has only six leads. Furthermore, the number of leads does not increase with the enlarging of sensor area. Soft and simple structure of the robot skin makes it possible to cover any region of the robot body.
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Sun, Zhong Sheng, Liang Peng Kou, Yue Tong Qiu, and Xiao Ning Li. "Experiment of Finger Deformation by Pneumatic Nozzle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1723.

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In order to study the relation between tactile sense and finger pad deformation during a tactile exploration task, a non-contact technique to measure the finger pad deformation was proposed in this paper. The finger pad deformation can be measured with high temporal and spatial resolution via laser displacement sensor installed on an XY movement workbench. The experimental results of the finger pad deformation in different conditions show that the characteristic of finger skin is viscoelastic. The parameters of viscoelastic model can be calculated by fitting method using the Kelvin model. They are helpful for modeling the mechanoreceptor responses in skin to improve the understanding of the mechanical behavior of the finger pad and of the relation between mechanical stimuli and tactile perception.
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Reynolds, Andrew G., Douglas A. Wardle, and Marjorie Dever. "Terpene Response to Pressing, Harvest Date, and Skin Contact in Vitis vinifera." HortScience 28, no. 9 (September 1993): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.9.920.

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Vitis vinifera L. cultivars Müller-Thurgau, Muscat Ottonel, Gewürztraminer, and Kerner were studied for 1 year to document changes in fruit terpene levels from berry stage to free-run and press-juice stages. Substantial amounts of free volatile terpenes (FVTs) and potentially volatile terpenes (PVTs) were lost between berry and juice stages. PVTs were higher in press juices of `Gewürztraminer' and `Muscat Ottonel' than in free-run juices. In another experiment, juices from `Miiller-Thurgau', `Muscat Ottonel', `Kerner', `Optima', `Pearl of Csaba', and `Siegerrebe', harvested 10 to 20 days after a designated initial harvest date, contained higher FVTs and PVTs than initially. A third experiment with `Kerner', `Müller-Thurgau', `Optima', and `Siegerrebe' found highest FVTs and PVTs in juices from grapes subjected to skin contact compared with grapes crushed and immediately pressed. Sensory evaluation showed aroma differences between wines from free-run and press juices of `Miiller-Thurgau' and `Muscat Ottonel', aroma and flavor differences due to harvest date for all cultivars except `Pearl of Csaba', and aroma and flavor differences due to skin contact for `Siegerrebe'.
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Yamada, Daisuke, Takashi Maeno, and Yoji Yamada. "Artificial Finger Skin having Ridges and Distributed Tactile Sensors used for Grasp Force Control." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, no. 2 (April 20, 2002): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0140.

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An artificial elastic finger skin for robot fingers has been developed for controlling grasp force when weight and frictional coefficient of the grasped object are unknown. The elastic finger skin has ridges at the surface to divide the stick/slip area. It also has a pair of tactile sensors embedded per ridge similar to human fingertips. The surface of the whole finger is curved so that reaction force distributes. A Finite Element (FE) model of the elastic finger skin was made to conduct dynamic contact analysis using a FE method to design the elastic finger skin in detail. Then the elastic finger skin was made. We confirmed by calculation and experiment that incipient slippage of the ridge occurring near the edge of contact is detected. Then, grasp was controlled using the finger. Arbitrary objects were lifted by incipient slippage near the edge of contact. We found that artificial finger skin is useful for controlling grasping force when the weight and friction coefficient between the elastic finger skin and grasping object are unknown.
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Raccuglia, Margherita, Kolby Pistak, Christian Heyde, Jianguo Qu, Ningtao Mao, Simon Hodder, and George Havenith. "Human wetness perception of fabrics under dynamic skin contact." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 19 (July 5, 2017): 2155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517716905.

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This experiment studied textile (surface texture, thickness) and non-textile (local skin temperature changes, stickiness sensation and fabric-to-skin pressure) parameters affecting skin wetness perception under dynamic interactions. Changes in fabric texture sensation between WET and DRY states and their effect on pleasantness were also studied. The surface texture of eight fabric samples, selected for their different structures, was determined from surface roughness measurements using the Kawabata Evaluation System. Sixteen participants assessed fabric wetness perception, at high pressure and low pressure conditions, stickiness, texture and pleasantness sensation on the ventral forearm. Differences in wetness perception (p < 0.05) were not determined by texture properties and/or texture sensation. Stickiness sensation and local skin temperature drop were determined as predictors of wetness perception (r2 = 0.89), and although thickness did not correlate with wetness perception directly, when combined with stickiness sensation it provided a similar predictive power (r2 = 0.86). Greater (p < 0.05) wetness perception responses at high pressure were observed compared with low pressure. Texture sensation affected pleasantness in DRY (r2 = 0.89) and WET (r2 = 0.93). In WET, pleasantness was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to DRY, likely due to the concomitant increase in texture sensation (p < 0.05). In summary, under dynamic conditions, changes in stickiness sensation and wetness perception could not be attributed to fabric texture properties (i.e. surface roughness) measured by the Kawabata Evaluation System. In dynamic conditions thickness or skin temperature drop can predict fabric wetness perception only when including stickiness sensation data.
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Li, Fengyu, Yasuhiro Akiyama, Xianglong Wan, Shogo Okamoto, and Yoji Yamada. "Measurement of Shear Strain Field in a Soft Material Using a Sensor System Consisting of Distributed Piezoelectric Polymer Film." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 3484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123484.

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Measurement of the internal stress and strain distributions within soft materials is necessary in the field of skin contact safety. However, conventional interactive force sensors cannot efficiently obtain or estimate these distributions. Herein, a shear strain sensor system consisting of distributed built-in piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer films was developed to measure the internal shear strain field of a soft material. A shear strain sensing model was mathematically established, based on the piezoelectricity and mechanical behavior of a bending cantilever beam, to explain the sensing principle. An experiment in three-dimensional measurement of the shear strain distribution within an artificial skin was designed and conducted to assess the sensitivity of the sensing model. This sensor system could visualize the shear strain field and was sensitive to different contact conditions. The measurement results agreed well with the results of numerical simulation of the substrate, based on contact mechanics. The proposed sensor system was confirmed to provide a new sensing method for the field of shape analysis. The sensor system can be applied to develop sufficiently sensitive electronic skin and can significantly contribute to skin damage analysis and skin contact safety assessment.
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Zhang, Youzhi, Zhengkang Lin, Xiaojun You, Xingping Huang, Jinhua Ye, and Haibin Wu. "A position-sensitive electronic skin based on boundary potential projection theory." Sensor Review 40, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2019-0243.

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Purpose This paper aims to report a flexible position-sensitive sensor that can be applied as large-area electronic skin over the stiff media. Design/methodology/approach The sensor uses a whole piezoresistive film as a touch sensing area. By alternately constructing two uniform electric fields with orthogonal directions in the piezoresistive film, the local changes in conductivity caused by touch can be projected to the boundary along the equipotential line under the constraint of electric field. Based on the change of boundary potential in the two uniform electric fields, it can be easy to determine the position of the contact area in the piezoresistive film. Findings Experiment results show the proposed tactile sensor is capable of detecting the contact position and classifying the contact force in real-time based on the changes of the potential differences on the boundary of the sensor. Practical implications The application example of using the sensor sample as a controller in shooting game is presented in this paper. It shows that the sensor has excellent touch sensing performance. Originality/value In this paper, a position-sensitive electronic skin is proposed. The experiment results show that the sensor has great application prospects in the field of interactive tactile sensing.
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Spaccasassi, Chiara, Ivana Frigione, and Angelo Maravita. "Bliss in and Out of the Body: The (Extra)Corporeal Space Is Impervious to Social Pleasant Touch." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020225.

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Slow, gentle stimulation of hairy skin is generally accompanied by hedonic sensations. This phenomenon, also known as (positive) affective touch, is likely to be the basis of affiliative interactions with conspecifics by promoting inter-individual bindings. Previous studies on healthy humans have demonstrated that affective touch can remarkably impact behavior. For instance, by administering the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) paradigm, the embodiment of a fake hand enhances after a slow, affective touch compared to a fast, neutral touch. However, results coming from this area are not univocal. In addition, there are no clues in the existing literature on the relationship between affective touch and the space around our body. To overcome these lacks, we carried out two separate experiments where participants underwent a RHI paradigm (Experiment 1) and a Visuo-Tactile Interaction task (Experiment 2), designed to tap into body representation and peripersonal space processing, respectively. In both experiments, an affective touch (CT-optimal, 3 cm/s) and neutral touch (CT-suboptimal, 18 cm/s) were delivered by the experimenter on the dorsal side of participants’ hand through a “skin to skin” contact. In Experiment 1, we did not find any modulation of body representation—not at behavioral nor at a physiological level—by affective touch. In Experiment 2, no visuo-tactile spatial modulation emerged depending upon the pleasantness of the touch received. These null findings are interpreted in the light of the current scientific context where the real nature of affective touch is often misguided, and they offer the possibility to pave the way for understanding the real effects of affective touch on body/space representation.
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Wang, Li Li, Dong Sheng Li, Xiao Qiang Li, Liang Wang, and Wei Jun Yang. "Coefficient of Friction for Aluminum Alloy Sheet in Contact with Polyurethane Rubber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 26-28 (June 2010): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.26-28.320.

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Stretch forming process of aircraft skin over reconfigurable compliant tooling is a new technology in skin manufacturing. During this process, the coefficient of friction is important for modeling accurately the process of stretch forming. The objective of this research is to measure the coefficient of friction for aluminum alloy in contact with polyurethane rubber in reciprocal sliding. An orthogonal experimental design was used to reveal the impact of four factors on the coefficient of friction, including lubrication, normal load, aluminum alloy material and sliding velocity. It is shown that lubrication is a major factor, sliding velocity is a minor factor. The influence of normal pressure is less than sliding velocity and the influence of aluminum alloy material is not very obvious. Finally, based on the experiment results, the selections of lubricant and stretching velocity are discussed in order to improve the process of stretch forming.
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Su, Yun, Jiazhen He, and Jun Li. "A model of heat transfer in firefighting protective clothing during compression after radiant heat exposure." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 8 (April 11, 2016): 2128–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716644289.

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This paper presents an experiment-based, multi-medium heat transfer model to study thermal responses of multi-layer protective clothing with an air gap exposed to thermal radiation and hot contact surface. The model considers the dynamical changes of air gap, each layer’s fabric thickness, and air content contained in the fabric due to the pressure applied. The fabric heat transfer model developed from this study was incorporated into a human skin burn model in order to predict skin burn injuries. The predicted results from the model were well in agreement with the experimental results. A parametric study was conducted using various contact temperatures and applied pressures and design variables of firefighting protective clothing, such as physical properties of fabric layers and air gap sizes. It was concluded from the parametric study that resistance to transmission of injurious levels of heat decreases as the test temperature and contact pressure increase, and the contact heat transfer can weaken the importance of air gap under radiant heat flux(8.5 kW/m2) for 60 s and compression (pressure: 3 kPa, temperature: 316℃) for 60 s. The findings obtained in this study can be used to engineer fabric systems that provide better protection for contact heat exposure.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Skin contact experiment"

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"Resonant Microbeam High Resolution Vibrotactile Haptic Display." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53611.

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abstract: One type of assistive device for the blind has attempted to convert visual information into information that can be perceived through another sense, such as touch or hearing. A vibrotactile haptic display assistive device consists of an array of vibrating elements placed against the skin, allowing the blind individual to receive visual information through touch. However, these approaches have two significant technical challenges: large vibration element size and the number of microcontroller pins required for vibration control, both causing excessively low resolution of the device. Here, I propose and investigate a type of high-resolution vibrotactile haptic display which overcomes these challenges by utilizing a ‘microbeam’ as the vibrating element. These microbeams can then be actuated using only one microcontroller pin connected to a speaker or surface transducer. This approach could solve the low-resolution problem currently present in all haptic displays. In this paper, the results of an investigation into the manufacturability of such a device, simulation of the vibrational characteristics, and prototyping and experimental validation of the device concept are presented. The possible reasons of the frequency shift between the result of the forced or free response of beams and the frequency calculated based on a lumped mass approximation are investigated. It is found that one of the important reasons for the frequency shift is the size effect, the dependency of the elastic modulus on the size and kind of material. This size effect on A2 tool steel for Micro-Meso scale cantilever beams for the proposed system is investigated.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Systems Engineering 2019
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Capt, William Michael. "Experimental measurement and finite element modeling of bioheat transfer with phase changes of molten metal in contact with porcine skin." 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110740.

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Books on the topic "Skin contact experiment"

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Wheeler, Michael. Knowledge, Credit, and the Extended Mind, or what Calvisius Sabinus got Right. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769811.003.0008.

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According to one prominent view in contemporary epistemology, the correct application of one’s cognitive abilities in believing truly is necessary and sufficient for a kind of credit that is, in turn, necessary for knowledge. Epistemologists who hold this view typically take the cognitive abilities concerned to be based in states and processes that are spatially located inside the head of the knowing subject. Enter the hypothesis of extended cognition (henceforth ExC). According to ExC, the physical machinery of mind sometimes extends beyond the skull and skin. The present chapter will explore what happens when the credit condition on knowledge is brought into contact with ExC. Via discussions of (a) empirical psychological work on the adaptive character of technologically augmented memory and (b) thought experiments from the extended cognition and extended knowledge literatures, conclusions will be drawn for our understanding of ‘knowledge in the wild’.
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Book chapters on the topic "Skin contact experiment"

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Hunter, J. A. A., M. M. Carr, P. A. Botham, D. J. Gawkrodger, E. McVittie, J. A. Ross, and I. C. Stewart. "Experimental Contact Dermatitis Using 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene in Humans." In Skin Models, 140–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70387-4_17.

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Brand, Ch U., Th Hunziker, H. A. Gerber, Th Schaffner, A. Limat, and L. R. Braathen. "Studies on Langerhans Cell Phenotype in Human Afferent Skin Lymph from Allergic Contact Dermatitis." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 523–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1971-3_117.

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Saiko, Guennadi. "On the Feasibility of Skin Water Content Imaging Adjuvant to Tissue Oximetry." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 191–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48238-1_30.

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Brand, Ch U., Th Hunziker, H. A. Gerber, Th Schaffner, A. Limat, and L. R. Braathen. "Rosettes of Langerhans Cells and Activated T Cells in Human Skin Lymph Derived from Irritant Contact Dermatitis." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 527–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1971-3_118.

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Hammami, Mohamed, Youssef Chahir, and Liming Chen. "A Data Mining Driven Approach for Web Classification and Filtering Based on Multimodal Content Analysis." In Business Data Communications and Networking, 20–54. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-274-9.ch002.

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Along with the ever growing Web is the proliferation of objectionable content, such as sex, violence, racism, and so forth. We need efficient tools for classifying and filtering undesirable Web content. In this chapter, we investigate this problem through WebGuard, our automatic machine-learning-based pornographic Web site classification and filtering system. Facing the Internet more and more visual and multimedia as exemplified by pornographic Web sites, we focus here our attention on the use of skin color-related visual content-based analysis along with textual and structural content based analysis for improving pornographic Web site filtering. While the most commercial filtering products on the marketplace are mainly based on textual content-based analysis such as indicative keywords detection or manually collected black list checking, the originality of our work resides on the addition of structural and visual content-based analysis to the classical textual content-based analysis along with several major-data mining techniques for learning and classifying. Experimented on a test bed of 400 Web sites including 200 adult sites and 200 nonpornographic ones, WebGuard, our Web filtering engine scored a 96.1% classification accuracy rate when only textual and structural content based analysis are used, and 97.4% classification accuracy rate when skin color-related visual content-based analysis is driven in addition. Further experiments on a black list of 12,311 adult Web sites manually collected and classified by the French Ministry of Education showed that WebGuard scored 87.82% classification accuracy rate when using only textual and structural content-based analysis, and 95.62% classification accuracy rate when the visual content-based analysis is driven in addition. The basic framework of WebGuard can apply to other categorization problems of Web sites which combine, as most of them do today, textual and visual content.
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Hammami, Mohamed, Youssef Chahir, and Liming Chen. "A Data Mining Driven Approach for Web Classification and Filtering Based on Multimodal Content Analysis." In Data Warehousing and Mining, 1958–86. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-951-9.ch117.

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Along with the ever growing Web is the proliferation of objectionable content, such as sex, violence, racism, and so forth. We need efficient tools for classifying and filtering undesirable Web content. In this chapter, we investigate this problem through WebGuard, our automatic machine-learning-based pornographic Web site classification and filtering system. Facing the Internet more and more visual and multimedia as exemplified by pornographic Web sites, we focus here our attention on the use of skin color-related visual content-based analysis along with textual and structural content based analysis for improving pornographic Web site filtering. While the most commercial filtering products on the marketplace are mainly based on textual content-based analysis such as indicative keywords detection or manually collected black list checking, the originality of our work resides on the addition of structural and visual content-based analysis to the classical textual content-based analysis along with several major-data mining techniques for learning and classifying. Experimented on a test bed of 400 Web sites including 200 adult sites and 200 nonpornographic ones, WebGuard, our Web filtering engine scored a 96.1% classification accuracy rate when only textual and structural content based analysis are used, and 97.4% classification accuracy rate when skin color-related visual content-based analysis is driven in addition. Further experiments on a black list of 12,311 adult Web sites manually collected and classified by the French Ministry of Education showed that WebGuard scored 87.82% classification accuracy rate when using only textual and structural content-based analysis, and 95.62% classification accuracy rate when the visual content-based analysis is driven in addition. The basic framework of WebGuard can apply to other categorization problems of Web sites which combine, as most of them do today, textual and visual content.
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"The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers." In The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers, edited by MICHAEL MUTZ. American Fisheries Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569568.ch5.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Although submerged wood obviously influences the flow, little information exists on its various hydraulic effects in streams and rivers. This chapter gives a brief overview of the current knowledge about hydraulic effects of circular cylinders and simple tree shaped models and summarizes the few field data on wood induced hydraulics in streams and rivers. The focus is on the flow pattern and other effects of importance for instream ecology. The principal cross-flow field of a singular log perpendicular to flow is determined by the Reynolds number related to the log’s diameter. For the range of Reynolds numbers of logs and branches in streams and rivers (1 ‧ 10<sup>2</sup> to 1 ‧ 10<sup>6</sup>), the cross flow pattern is symmetrical, vortex streets shed, and a wake with reduced mean velocity develops behind the log. In the vertical confined flow of streams and rivers, the hydraulic effects depend on the blockage caused by the log, its distances to the water surface, and its distance to the streambed. The blockage determines the resistance to flow, the upstream afflux, the local flow acceleration, and the intensity of flow deflection. For logs within distances of 2 diameters to the water surface, the relative submergence and the Froude Number determine the highly variable local cross-flow field. For logs near the streambed, the form and roughness of the bed and the size of the gap to the bed control the hydraulics. Submerged jet-like flows, which cause local scour, are reported, but detailed information on the hydraulics of logs close to a natural streambed is missing. For logs in close contact to or partly embedded into the bed, the principal flow pattern of recirculating vortices attached to the bed develop in front and behind the logs. The extent of these vortices and the extent of the wake behind the logs appear to be larger in sand-bed streams than in flumes with smooth and level beds. Complex dense wooden objects and wood accumulations are comparable to solid structures. Their flow field is determined by the size of the bluff surfaces and the shedding from edges obtuse to flow. Wood spread out at the streambed causes skin roughness, and models based on technical roughness approximate the resulting near-bed flow regime. The general validity of most findings in streams and rivers is still vague since they are supported by only few data. Further flow data from the field and from flume experiments that simulate the complexity of the natural environment are needed.
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"emission of dust-borne odourants like volatile fatty acids (VFA) and simple phenols and indoles from piggeries, the impor­ tance of particle-borne odours, and the possibilities of con­ trolling dust-borne odours. 2. ORIGIN, NATURE AND RELEASE OF THE DUST It is estimated that the dust in animal houses originates mainly from the feed (15 ), (16 ), (17 ), the bedding material (18), (19), the manure (20) and the animals themselves (21),(22). Relevant values are rare. Table I shows that feed and bedding, when used, are the predominant sources of dust in pig and hen houses. Dust from animal houses consists mainly of organic matter (23). The preferred technique for investigating both the mate­ rial composition of the dust and feed stuff is the WEENDER An­ alysis Technique (24). Table II shows the composition of dust from pig and hen houses compared to the feed fed. The differ­ ences in the protein content between dust and feed support the opinion that an important part of the dust originates from feathers, hairs, and skin cells of the animals. The release of the dust is caused by the activity of ani­ mals or man or the function of technical equipments in the an­ imal house. Feeding, particularly dry feeding (25), as well as bedding and cleaning activities, the use of different systems of feed distribution, manure removal and ventilation (26) can increase the dust level in the air of animal houses consider­ ably (27). Figure 1 gives an example of the relation between the amount of dust in the air and different activities based on values as reported by CERMAK and ROSS (27) for poultry houses. In the course of a day the dust level in animal houses varies considerably. Mostly feeding increases the dust concen­ tration in the air as demonstrated in Figure 2 (22). However, within 30 to 120 min the "normal" background level is reached again (16),(22). The figure shows that even before the feed is distributed, the activity of the animals increases the dust concentration in the air considerably. Table III shows the influence of rel . humidity, pen vol­ ume, feeding system and air flow on the number of dust parti­ cles and weight of settled dust in an experimental piggery.The essential influence of animal activity on the formation of dust is shown by the fact that self-feeding results in significant­ ly greater atmospheric dust concentration (particles/volume of air) than does floor-feeding. However, a significantly greater amount of settled dust is associated with floor feeding. Prob­ ably, the self-fed pigs spend much more time eating than the floor-fed pigs. The intense activity of the pigs during floor feeding results in a great deal of visible dust for only a pe­ riod of time, while the self-fed pigs may play with the excess feed (28),(17). These studies indicate that the factors deter­ mining the amount of dust in confinements include animal ac­ tivity, temperature, relative humidity, ventilation rate,stock­ ing density and volumetric air-space per animal, feeding method, and nature of feed. This dust originating from various sources can carry gases, vapours and odours (7)." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 336. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-130.

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Conference papers on the topic "Skin contact experiment"

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Chen, Jun, Yong Wang, and Haibo Li. "Study of the Sandwich Sheet Metal Cup Drawing Characteristics." In ASME 2008 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 3rd JSME/ASME International Conference on Materials and Processing. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec_icmp2008-72415.

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The sandwich sheet is a novel laminated sheet material with advanced vibration damping advantages, and the sheet is composed with 2 outer thick metal layers and 1 thin polymer layer in between. In order to investigate its drawing characteristics, an improved cohesive model between the skin sheets was developed using a contact/interface approach. Based on the proposed model, a cup drawing process was numerically simulated using commercial FEM code ABAQUS. Numerical simulation shows that the thickness strain distribution and thinning phenomenon have similar modes on the top layer and bottom layer except at the cup bottom corner, and cohesive strength does not have severe effect to the drawing force. The drawing experiments were conducted on a hydrauic press in order to compare the whole sheet and two skin sheets thickness distribution of sandwich sheet metal cup drawing, FEM simulation result fits well with the experiment.
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van Kuilenburg, Julien, Marc A. Masen, and Emile van der Heide. "A Mechanistic Approach to Predicting the Friction Behaviour of Human Skin." In ASME/STLE 2012 International Joint Tribology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2012-61164.

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In this work, analytical models available from contact mechanics theory having a proven record in mechanical engineering were used to develop a model predicting the friction behavior of human skin. A multi-scale contact model was developed in which the contact parameters are calculated at three levels, each level characterized by its elastic behavior and geometry. For a product part in contact with the so-called hairy skin the skin topography can be described as being composed of spherical contacts, whereas for the finger in contact with a product surface the fingerprint ridges are modeled as annulus shaped line contacts. Sliding friction was measured in vivo between the skin and different surface textures produced using ultra-short pulsed laser technology. The results observed during in vivo experiments are very well explained by the developed model, which predicts the friction as a function of product geometry, asperity geometry and normal load.
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Dong, Sheng, Yun-Seok Kang, John Bolte, Jason Stammen, and Kevin Moorhouse. "Experimental Investigation of Friction Between Vehicle Air Bag Material and Head Skin for Humans and Crash Test Dummies." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23334.

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Abstract Motor vehicle crashes can produce serious head or brain injuries due to contact with interior vehicle structures. It has been found through both field data analysis and experimental testing that many of these brain injuries occur in oblique crashes, even with the deployment of air bags. Research has determined that rotational head velocity is strongly correlated to the risk of brain injury through metrics such as Brain Rotational Injury Criteria (BrIC). The severity of rotational head motion could be related to the friction force developed during contact between the head and air bags. Although crash test dummy head skins are designed with appropriate mass properties and anthropometry as well as material type and thickness to emulate the proper impact response of the human head, it is not known whether they accurately represent the frictional properties of human skin during air bag interaction. This study experimentally characterized the friction coefficient between human skin and air bag fabrics using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Skin samples were harvested from different locations (forehead, cheeks, chin) from specimens of post-mortem human subjects (PMHS). Fabric samples were cut from six different air bags spanning various vehicle manufacturers and interior mounting locations. For comparison, four types of dummy head skin samples were also tested against the air bag samples. Friction was measured between different skinair bag material combinations at various linear velocities and normal forces. It was determined that the difference between human and dummy skin friction with the air bag samples varied significantly among different air bags; however, the effect of linear speed, normal force, and human skin sample harvesting location on friction coefficient is negligible. Except for one air bag fabric, the friction coefficients of the dummy skin are higher than those quantified for human skin.
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4

Ganguli, Rahul, and Vivek Mehrotra. "Bio Inspired Living Skins for Fouling Mitigation." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-588.

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A biomimetic method to mitigate marine biofouling using a pilot-whale inspired sacrificial skin concept has been developed. We developed a method to form conformal, protective skins in-situ underwater using a circulatory system. In addition, the materials chemistry was tuned such that the skin dissolves after a tunable stable period, removing any foulants that may have collected on it. A very large reduction in biofouling was demonstrated for surfaces protected by the sacrificial skin compared to identical unprotected surfaces, when high fouling pressure was generated using bacteria in artificial seawater. Skin formation, stability, and dissolution have been studied by forming skins on 6 inch square flat substrates, and curved surfaces. Several different materials and material combinations were tested for their skin-forming ability. Rheology studies were conducted to determine the changes in viscosity of the materials upon exposure to seawater. The materials microstructure and composition was probed before and after seawater exposure. These experiments helped explain the mechanisms by which skin formation and dissolution occurs. Biofouling experiments consisted of culturing and growing the bacteria Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovera, a strain known to cause biofouling in marine environments. Efforts focused on determining experimental conditions necessary to achieve high levels of biofouling growth in the shortest amount of time. Marine-like environments were created in the range of a few hundred milliliters of artificial seawater and scaled to several liters, large enough to contain a 6 inch × 6 inch substrate.
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Fujita, Takao, and Keizo Watanabe. "Numerical Simulation of Fluid Slip at a Hydrophobic Surface." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56046.

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Laminar drag reduction is achieved by using a hydrophobic surface. In this method, fluid slip is applied at the hydrophobic surface. An initial experiment to clarify for a laminar skin friction reduction was conducted using ducts with a highly water-repellent surface. The surface has a fractal-type structure with many fine grooves. Fluid slip at a hydrophobic surface has been analyzed by applying a new wet boundary condition. In this simulation, an internal flow is assumed to be a two-dimensional laminar flow in a rectangular duct and an external flow is assumed to be a two-dimensional laminar flow past a circular cylinder. The VOF technique has been used as the method for tracking gas-liquid interfaces, and the CSF model has been used as the method for modeling surface tension effects. The wet boundary condition for the hydrophobic property on the surface has been determined from the volume ratio in contact with water near the surface. The model with a stable gas-liquid interface and the experimental results of flow past a circular cylinder at Re = 250 without growing the Karman vortex street are made, and these results show that laminar drag reduction occurring due to fluid slip can be explained in this model.
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Rabelo, Savio, Tamara Pereira, Nivando Bezerra, and Saulo Oliveira. "Neural network used in Energy Function of Content-aware Image Resizing method to preserve skin color region." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2019.9344.

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Seam Carving is a content-aware image resizing method capable of modifying the width or height of pictures. Such an algorithm applies an energy function to evaluate the importance of each pixel in the image. In exceptional cases, such as images that contain people, the method frequently presents deformation of objects due to the energy function not being able to detect a person. In this context, this paper presents a modification of the energy function used in seam carving by employing a neural network which can detect human skin patterns. Such a modification aims at better-preserving people in images. The experiments show that the proposed method achieves superior performance in terms of visual quality through qualitative indexes compared to the original algorithm.
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Ghaddar, N., K. Ghali, and E. Jaroudi. "Heat and Moisture Transport Through the Micro-Climate Air Annulus of the Clothing-Skin System Under Periodic Motion." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72006.

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A dynamic thermal model is developed using the 2D cylinder model of Ghaddar et al [1] of ventilated fabric-skin system where a microclimate air annulus separates an outer cylindrical fabric boundary and an inner human body solid boundary for closed and open apertures. The cylinder model solves for the radial, and angular flow rates in the microclimate air annulus domain where the inner cylinder is oscillating within an outer fixed cylinder of porous fabric boundary. The 2-D cylinder model is further developed in the radial and angular directions to incorporate the heat and moisture transport from the inner cylinder when the fabric touches the skin boundary at repetitive finite intervals during the motion cycle. The touch model is based on a lumped fabric transient approach based on the fabric dry and evaporative resistances at the localized touch regions at the top and bottom of points of the cylinder. The film coefficients at the inner cylinder are needed for the model simulation. Experiments are conducted in an environmental chamber under controlled conditions to measure the mass transfer coefficient at the skin to the air annulus separating the wet skin and the fabric in the cylindrical geometry. In addition, experiments have also been conducted at ventilation frequencies of 30, 40, and 60 rpm to measure the sensible heat loss from the inner cylinder to validate the predictions of sensible and latent heat losses of the 2-D ventilation model for the two cases when fabric is in contact with the skin surface and when no contact is present for close aperture. The model prediction of time-averaged steady-periodic sensible heat loss agreed well with the experimentally measured values. A parametric study is performed to predict sensible and latent heat losses from the system by ventilation at different frequencies, fabric skin contact times during the motion cycle measured by a dimensionless amplitude parameter (ζ = amplitude/mean annular spacing). The rate of heat loss increases with increased ventilation frequency at fixed ζ. The latent heat loss in the contact region increases by almost 40% due to increase in fabric temperature during contact. The sensible heat loss decreases between 3% at f = 60 rpm, and 5% at f = 25 rpm in the contact region due to higher air temperature and lack of heat loss by radiation during the contact between fabric and skin.
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Fagiani, Ramona, Francesco Massi, Eric Chatelet, and Yves Berthier. "Dynamic Analysis of Surface Scanning for Tactile Perception." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25246.

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The human hand works in a perfect accord with the brain for an efficient exploration of physical world and objects perception according to man’s purposes. During the haptic sensing, the fingertip slides on a surface activating the receptors located under the skin allowing the brain to identify objects and information about their properties. In fact, in order to create the contact, the hand must exercise a force causing the fingertip to deform, generating a stress-state that contains the information on the object in contact. The information concerning the object surface is represented by the vibrations induced by the friction between the skin and the rubbed object in contact. The mechanoreceptors have the key role of transducing the stress state into an electrical impulse conveyed to the brain. Nevertheless, the vibration spectra induced by the finger/surface rubbing and the consequent activation of the mechanoreceptors on the skin were rarely investigated. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of the tactile sense is basilar for manifold applications, like the development of artificial tactile sensors for intelligent prostheses or robotic assistants, and for the ergonomics. In this context, it is fundamental to realize appropriate dynamic analysis of the signals that characterize the characteristics of the contact. In other words, it is necessary to investigate the vibration spectrum measured on the finger, in order to identify the frequency range of measured spectra (that should correspond to the expected one given by the mechanoreceptors activation frequency range [2–500 Hertz]). An experimental set-up is developed to recover the contact global dynamics by detecting the contact force and the induced vibrations; the bench test has been designed to guarantee the measurements reproducibility and, at cause of the low amplitude of the vibrations of interest, to perform measurements without introducing external noise. In particular, in this paper, the interest will be focused on the changes shown in vibration spectra with respect to variations of the scanning velocity and surface roughness characteristics.
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Cheng, Tze-Yuan, and Cila Herman. "Optimization of Skin Cooling for Thermographic Imaging of Near-Surface Lesions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65221.

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With the dramatic advances in IR imaging technology, the IR imaging technique has the potential to become a promising non-contact in-vivo diagnostic tool for the early detection of melanoma [1] as well as other conditions in which the temperature of the body deviates from normal temperature. Active or dynamic IR (thermal) imaging, which involves introducing external cooling, can induce or enhance relevant thermal contrast observed on the skin surface, leading to temperature differences that can be accurately measured with a properly designed IR imaging system. When the skin surface is cooled down in active IR imaging, the variation in the thermal properties of the lesion located underneath the surface result in identifiable temperature differences from the surrounding healthy tissue in the recovery phase, and therefore the dynamic thermal response of the structure acquired using active imaging provides critical information to distinguish the diseased and healthy tissues. Regarding the effectiveness of the active IR imaging, in this study, the performance of varied cooling parameters, including cooling method, cooling temperature, cooling duration, and cooling depth are discussed. Toward the objective of minimizing the discomfort of patient, by evaluating the transient temperature difference in the recovery phase for varied cooling conditions, our goal is to find out the optimized cooling conditions, which can provide effective thermal response contrast in the recovery phase, while applying appropriate cooling temperature and duration to facilitate the clinical feasibility of this technique. The optimized cooling condition concluded from the simulation will be verified by the in-vivo dynamic thermal imaging experiments.
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10

Sakuma, Atsushi, and Yuma Sango. "Viscoelasticity Measurement of Softness by Indentation Devices for Evaluation of Human Skin." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38261.

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In this paper, spherical indentation testing is studied to evaluate the viscoelasticity of soft materials like human skin. Here, the Hertzian contact theory is functionally extended to evaluate indentations for the thin tissues. In the expansions, the technique used for evaluating the thickness of finite specimens is first explained by analyzing the experimental results of indentations. Then, the viscoelasticity of soft materials with finite thickness is theoretically derived by defining an equivalent indentation strain for the analysis of the indentation process. The expansions are examined to evaluate its reliability by applying them to measure the viscoelasticity of some soft materials. Furthermore, this technology is applied to the elasticity investigation of the human skin. Especially, the measurement results of viscoelastic characteristics of the skin of human face are shown as the first report. The influences of sex and ultraviolet rays and so on are discussed to reveal the mechanics of human skin in this report. Moreover, it is discussed about the validity of the device which measures the elasticity of the skin of human face.
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