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Journal articles on the topic 'Skin Pigments (Biology) Chromophor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

LeBrasseur, Nicole. "Special skin cells get pigments." Journal of Cell Biology 179, no. 1 (2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.1791rr1.

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2

Frost, S. K., L. G. Epp, and S. J. Robinson. "The pigmentary system of developing axolotls." Development 95, no. 1 (1986): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.95.1.117.

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The axanthic mutant in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) was analysed with respect to the differentiation of pigment cells. Transmission electron micrographs revealed the presence of melanophores and cells that are described as unpigmented xanthophores in axanthic skin. Iridophores apparently failed to differentiate in axanthic axolotls (a pattern similar to that observed in melanoid axolotls). Chromatographic analyses of skin extracts confirmed that there are no pteridines (xanthophore pigments) in axanthic skin, suggesting that the axanthic gene may affect pteridine biosynthesis at s
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3

John Martin, W. "Alternative cellular energy pigments mistaken for parasitic skin infestations." Experimental and Molecular Pathology 78, no. 3 (2005): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.01.007.

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4

Correia, Patrícia, Paula Araújo, Carolina Ribeiro, et al. "Anthocyanin-Related Pigments: Natural Allies for Skin Health Maintenance and Protection." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071038.

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Human skin is commonly described as a particularly dynamic and complex environment, with a physiological balance continuously orchestrated by numerous internal and external factors. Intrinsic aging, exposure to UV radiation and skin pathogens are some of the key players that account for dermatological alterations and ailments. In this regard, this study intended to explore the potential skin-health beneficial properties of a group of molecules belonging to the anthocyanin family: cyanidin- and malvidin-3-O-glucosides and some of their structurally related pigments, resulting in a library of co
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5

Frost, S. K., L. G. Epp, and S. J. Robinson. "The pigmentary system of developing axolotls." Development 92, no. 1 (1986): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.92.1.255.

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The albino mutant in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is analysed with respect to the differentiation of pigment cells. Pigment cells were observed with the transmission electron microscope in order to determine any unusual structural characteristics and to determine what happens to each of the cell types as development proceeds. Chemical analyses of pteridine pigments were also carried out, and the pattern of pteridines in albino animals was found to be more complex than, and quantitatively enhanced (at all developmental stages examined) over, the pattern observed in comparable wild-
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6

Jemec, Gregor B. E. "Comment on: Tattooing of skin results in transportation and light-induced decomposition of tattoo pigments." Experimental Dermatology 19, no. 1 (2010): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00936.x.

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7

Shawkey, Matthew D., and Liliana D'Alba. "Interactions between colour-producing mechanisms and their effects on the integumentary colour palette." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1724 (2017): 20160536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0536.

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Animal integumentary coloration plays a crucial role in visual communication and camouflage, and varies extensively among and within species and populations. To understand the pressures underlying such diversity, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms by which animals have created novel integumentary coloration. Colours can be produced by selective absorption of light by skin pigments, through light scattering by structured or unstructured tissues, or by a combination of pigments and nanostructures. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the interactions between pigment
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8

Mokrzynski, Krystian, Shosuke Ito, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Theodore G. Camenish, Tadeusz Sarna, and Michal Sarna. "Photoreactivity of Hair Melanin from Different Skin Phototypes—Contribution of Melanin Subunits to the Pigments Photoreactive Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (2021): 4465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094465.

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Photoreactivity of melanin has become a major focus of research due to the postulated involvement of the pigment in UVA-induced melanoma. However, most of the hitherto studies were carried out using synthetic melanin models. Thus, photoreactivity of natural melanins is yet to be systematically analyzed. Here, we examined the photoreactive properties of natural melanins isolated from hair samples obtained from donors of different skin phototypes (I, II, III, and V). X-band and W-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to examine the paramagnetic properties of the pigmen
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9

Liberti, Davide, Maria Laura Alfieri, Daria Maria Monti, Lucia Panzella, and Alessandra Napolitano. "A Melanin-Related Phenolic Polymer with Potent Photoprotective and Antioxidant Activities for Dermo-Cosmetic Applications." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040270.

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Eumelanins, the dark variant of skin pigments, are endowed with a remarkable antioxidant activity and well-recognized photoprotective properties that have been ascribed to pigment components derived from the biosynthetic precursor 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). Herein, we report the protective effect of a polymer obtained starting from the methyl ester of DHICA (MeDHICA-melanin) against Ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced oxidative stress in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT). MeDHICA-melanin was prepared by aerial oxidation of MeDHICA. At concentrations as low as 10 µg/mL, MeDHI
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10

Maheswaran, Harshyini, Ling Shing Wong, Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony Dhanapal, Ramasamy Thangavelu Narendhirakannan, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman, and Sinouvassane Djearamane. "TOXICITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN SKIN DERMAL CELLS." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, Spl-1- GCSGD_2020 (2021): S95—S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(spl-1-gcsgd_2020).s95.s100.

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Zinc oxide (ZnO) has special physical and chemical characteristics which enable it to be utilized in numerous applications including electronics, sunscreens, pigments, and most notably in biomedical applications. Nanoemulsions containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are progressively sought-after as an active component in cosmetic formulations and are used in sunscreens, moisturizers, and antiaging products. Zinc paste bandages including Unna boot consist of open wove cotton gauze treated with ZnO paste are now common medicaments for leg ulcers. The damaged and broken skins are vulnerabl
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11

Hossain, Md Razib, Tuba M. Ansary, Mayumi Komine, and Mamitaro Ohtsuki. "Diversified Stimuli-Induced Inflammatory Pathways Cause Skin Pigmentation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 3970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083970.

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The production of melanin pigments by melanocytes and their quantity, quality, and distribution play a decisive role in determining human skin, eye, and hair color, and protect the skin from adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. Melanocytes reside in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis and are compensated by melanocyte stem cells in the follicular bulge area. Various stimuli such as eczema, microbial infection, ultraviolet light exposure, mechanical injury, and aging provoke skin inflammation. These acute or chro
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12

McLean, Claire A., Adrian Lutz, Katrina J. Rankin, Adam Elliott, Adnan Moussalli, and Devi Stuart-Fox. "Red carotenoids and associated gene expression explain colour variation in frillneck lizards." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1907 (2019): 20191172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1172.

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A long-standing hypothesis in evolutionary ecology is that red–orange ornamental colours reliably signal individual quality owing to limited dietary availability of carotenoids and metabolic costs associated with their production, such as the bioconversion of dietary yellow carotenoids to red ketocarotenoids. However, in ectothermic vertebrates, these colours can also be produced by self-synthesized pteridine pigments. As a consequence, the relative ratio of pigment types and their biochemical and genetic basis have implications for the costs and information content of colour signals; yet they
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13

Engel, Eva, Rudolf Vasold, Francesco Santarelli, et al. "Tattooing of skin results in transportation and light-induced decomposition of tattoo pigments – a first quantification in vivo using a mouse model." Experimental Dermatology 19, no. 1 (2010): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00925.x.

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14

Andrade, Pedro, Małgorzata A. Gazda, Pedro M. Araújo, et al. "Molecular parallelisms between pigmentation in the avian iris and the integument of ectothermic vertebrates." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 2 (2021): e1009404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009404.

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Birds exhibit striking variation in eye color that arises from interactions between specialized pigment cells named chromatophores. The types of chromatophores present in the avian iris are lacking from the integument of birds or mammals, but are remarkably similar to those found in the skin of ectothermic vertebrates. To investigate molecular mechanisms associated with eye coloration in birds, we took advantage of a Mendelian mutation found in domestic pigeons that alters the deposition of yellow pterin pigments in the iris. Using a combination of genome-wide association analysis and linkage
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15

Novellino, Luisa, Marco d’Ischia, and Giuseppe Prota. "Nitric oxide-induced oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid under aerobic conditions: non-enzymatic route to melanin pigments of potential relevance to skin (photo)protection." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1425, no. 1 (1998): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4165(98)00060-9.

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16

Black, Homer S., Fritz Boehm, Ruth Edge, and T. George Truscott. "The Benefits and Risks of Certain Dietary Carotenoids that Exhibit both Anti- and Pro-Oxidative Mechanisms—A Comprehensive Review." Antioxidants 9, no. 3 (2020): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030264.

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Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. β-carotene is known to quench singlet oxygen and can have strong antioxidant activity. As such, it was proposed that β-carotene might reduce the risk of cancer. Epidemiological studies found inverse relationships between cancer risk and β-carotene intake or blood levels. However, clinical trials failed to support those findings and β-carotene supplementation actually increased lung cancer incidence in male smokers. Early experimental animal studies found diet
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17

Page, Nicholas A., Ronald E. Wall, Stephen J. Darbyshire, and Gerald A. Mulligan. "The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 2 (2006): 569–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-158.

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Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is an invasive alien plant of management concern in southern Canada where it has escaped from horticulture and established and spread in natural, ruderal, and agricultural ecosystems. It poses a threat to natural ecosystems and human health, and is also a weed in agricultural and urban areas. It is a member of the Carrot family (Apiaceae) and is closely related to the native species Heracleum maximum Bartram (cow-parsnip). It is a monocarpic perennial, which generally flowers in its 3rd or 4th year. Large size, leaf shape, dark reddish pigments in patch
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18

Dijkstra, Peter D., Sean M. Maguire, Rayna M. Harris, et al. "The melanocortin system regulates body pigmentation and social behaviour in a colour polymorphic cichlid fish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1851 (2017): 20162838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2838.

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The melanocortin system is a neuroendocrine system that regulates a range of physiological and behavioural processes. We examined the extent to which the melanocortin system simultaneously regulates colour and behaviour in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni . We found that yellow males are more aggressive than blue males, in line with previous studies. We then found that exogenous α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) increases yellowness of the body and dispersal of xanthophore pigments in both morphs. However, α-MSH had a morph-specific effect on aggression, with only blue males showi
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19

Oni, Clare, Mufaddal Moonim, Joana Desterro, et al. "UK Single Institution Experience of Mastocytosis: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130477.

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Introduction: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous disorder of neoplastic mast cells ranging from an indolent to aggressive multi-system disease. We registered our UK Mastocytosis Centre of Excellence with the European Competence Network of Mastocytosis (ECNM) in 2005. Our multidisciplinary team (MDT) includes haematologists, haematopathologists, dermatologist, immunologist and molecular diagnosticians. Over 500 patients have been reviewed in our quarterly SM-MDT. We present a large single centre experience of a rare disorder. Method: We have reviewed prospective and retrospectively c
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20

Karkowska-Kuleta, Justyna, Maria Rapala-Kozik, and Andrzej Kozik. "Fungi pathogenic to humans: molecular bases of virulence of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus." Acta Biochimica Polonica 56, no. 2 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2009_2452.

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The frequency of severe systemic fungal diseases has increased in the last few decades. The clinical use of antibacterial drugs, immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, and advances in surgery are associated with increasing risk of fungal infections. Opportunistic pathogens from the genera Candida and Aspergillus as well as pathogenic fungi from the genus Cryptococcus can invade human organism and may lead to mucosal and skin infections or to deep-seated mycoses of almost all inner organs, especially in immunocompromised patients. Nowadays, there are some eff
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