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Shubitz, Lisa, Christine Butkiewicz, and Sharon M. Dial. "Cocci Skin Tests 2000." The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620000.
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An epidemiological survey of Valley Fever (coccidioidomycosis) was conducted in dogs in Tucson and Phoenix. Dogs were tested for delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) using coccidioidin, a reagent that is not commercially available and results of the skin tests were compared with corresponding serologic test results.
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Shubitz, Lisa, and Christine Butkiewicz. "Cocci Skin Tests 2015." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620002.
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Dogs in the Tucson area with a known history of clinical Valley Fever were tested with two skin test reagents to determine their ability to detect delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the Coccidioides spp. The reagents used were Spherusol, from Nielsen Biologicals, and coccidioidin, which is no longer commercially available. Skin tests were read 48 hours after placement and evaluated for erythema and/or induration.
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Bertaux, Emilie. "Mechanical friction between skin and sport textiles yielding skin irritation." Valenciennes, 2008. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/808ac959-0f92-473f-b3bb-2a0acab897a8.
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Afin d'améliorer le confort des coureurs en réduisant l'irritation de la peau due au phénomène de friction mécanique, le Textile Friction Analyzer a été récemment développé au sein de l'Empa. Cet appareillage permet de caractériser la friction peau-textile (T-shirt et chaussette) en utilisant une peau artificielle (skin model) et ceci en simulant les conditions de contacts durant la pratique sportive. Différentes peaux artificielles ont été développées afin de reproduire les propriétés frictionnelles de la peau du pied ou du téton humain. Les paramètres de tests comme la force de contact, la vitesse relative et le nombre de cycles propres à chaque textile et type d'activité sportive ont été définis par la réalisation d'études biomécaniques. Une autre étape importante a consisté au développement d'un système de chauffage pour la peau artificielle et la simulation de la sudation. Ces conditions spécifiques permettent donc la simulation de la friction mécanique entre la peau et les vêtements sportifs du type chaussette et T-shirt proche de la réalité. Le Textile Friction Analyzer a été utilisé pour étudier l'influence des fibres et des constructions sur la friction. De plus, des tests avec sujets ont été réalisé afin d'analyser les relations entre les paramètres textiles, physiologiques et sensoriels basés sur le confort durant la pratique sportive. Les résultats obtenus représentent une avancée dans la compréhension de l'influence des différents paramètres sur l'irritation de la peau durant l'activité sportive et peuvent être utilisés ultérieurement pour le développement de vêtements sportifs à faible coefficient de friction afin d'améliorer le confort des sportifs<br>In order to improve runners' comfort by reducing skin irritation due to mechanical friction, a Textile Friction Analyzer was previously developed at Empa. This measurement device characterizes the friction of socks and T-shirts against mechanical skin models under cyclic contact conditions which are typical for sport activities. Different skin models were developed in order to simulate the frictional properties of human foot skin or the human nipple. Testing parameters such as contact pressure, sliding velocity and number of friction cycles depend on the specific textile and sport application and were defined on the basis of biomechanical studies using pressure sensors and high speed cameras. Another important step was to develop a heating system for the skin models used on the Textile Friction Analyzer and to simulate the sweating of the human body. The specified testing conditions allow simulating cyclic friction contacts between sport textiles such as socks and T-shirts and skin close to reality. The Textile Friction Analyzer was used to study the influence of fibers and constructions on friction. Moreover, subjective tests were carried out to investigate the relationships between textile, physiological and sensorial parameters on comfort during sport activity using principal component analysis and decision trees. The results of this research represent a step towards a better understanding of the influence of different parameters on skin manifestations during sport activity which can be used for developing low friction sport textiles to increase sportsmen's comfort
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Nyrén, Miruna. "Skin sensitivity testing : a biophysical approach /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-173-X.
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Reed, Susan, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and of Science Technology and Environment College. "Development of method to assess skin contact to chemicals." THESIS_CSTE_XXX_Reed_S.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/611.
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Chemical exposure of the skin has become a route of entry of some chemicals into the body and has come under major review in recent times. This research aims to develop a method of estimating skin exposure that is both reliable and non-prohibitive in cost. This involved the design and testing of skin patches adaptable for monitoring skin exposure to chemicals using several different types of absorbents which could be easily worn against skin. The final design of the patch used either activated charcoal or tenax as the absorbing medium. The patches were then desorbed with a solvent in order to analyse the chemicals. The results of the study showed that many skin exposures do not have a direct relationship with inhalation exposures, which is important because currently there are no estimates of the levels of skin exposures that may have potential long term health effects. The patch has proved successful for detecting the presence and determining the amount of chemicals that come in contact with the skin. Charcoal patches have the widest application, but are not suitable for all situations and tenax should be used on these occasions.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Vasconcelos, Luciana Mabel Ferreira. "Clinical and laboratorial investigation in patients with suspected drug allergy in a tertiary hospital." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7398.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Allergic drug reactions account for 6.5% of hospital admissions, prolonged hospitalization 15.1% of patients and are severe in 6.7% of patients. There are difficulties in understanding the immune mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of patients. Therefore, such reactions are considered a Public Health problem. The objective of this study was to describe the cases of patients with suspected allergic hypersensitivity to drugs and to evaluate the response of individuals to skin tests. A total of 63 patients were included in the study. The experimental design was a cross-sectional observational study from June 2008 to October 2011. We applied a questionnaire to investigate the clinical and laboratory informations. Eight patients received other diagnosis and three died due to other reasons, so that 52 patients completed the study. Most patients were men (56.36%), non atopic, with a median age of 52 year. The drugs most commonly implicated were NSAIDs and the oral administration was the most commonly route used. It was documented 69 suspected reactions; most of them were considered as delayed hipersensitivity. Maculopapular rash and erythema multiforme were the most frequent manifestations. According to the severity of the reactions, most was considered moderate (72.46%). The patch test was performed in 22 patients for investigation of delayed reaction. Seven cases were positive (31.81%), DRESS (rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) caused by captopril (+), contact eczema by rifamycin (+ +), lichenoid eruption by captopril (+), maculopapular rash + ampicillin and cephalexin to angioedema (+), two cases of fotoeczema one by captopril and another by AAS, both with positive results (+) and one case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome caused by phenytoin (++). For immediate hypersensitivity, 3 in 10 patients have shown positive results for prick test with AAS diluted to 1/1000. It was possible to confirm the liability of the drug reactions in 19 (27.53%), which demonstrated the importance of application of skin tests in the clinical investigation of allergic drug reactions. As for causality, 26 reactions were considered possible, 20 defined, 13 probable, 9 and a conditional reaction was considered not related to drugs. Given its importance, the performance of skin tests with these patients has opened perspectives on the possibility to incorporate this service in routine outpatient Dermatology HUWC.<br>As reaÃÃes alÃrgicas medicamentosas sÃo responsÃveis por 6,5% das admissÃes hospitalares, prolongam a hospitalizaÃÃo de 15,1% dos pacientes e sÃo graves em 6,7% dos pacientes. Hà dificuldades quanto à compreensÃo dos mecanismos imunolÃgicos, diagnÃstico e tratamento dos pacientes. Portanto, tais reaÃÃes sÃo consideradas um problema de saÃde pÃblica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os casos de pacientes com suspeita de hipersensibilidade alÃrgica a fÃrmacos e avaliar a resposta desses indivÃduos aos testes cutÃneos. Um total de 63 pacientes foram incluÃdos no trabalho, cujo delineamento experimental foi de um estudo observacional descritivo transversal realizado entre junho de 2008 e outubro de 2011. Utilizou-se um questionÃrio para investigaÃÃo das informaÃÃes clÃnico-laboratoriais. Oito pacientes receberam outro diagnÃstico e trÃs foram a Ãbito por outros motivos, de forma que 52 pacientes completaram o estudo. A maioria dos pacientes era homem (56,36%), nÃo atÃpicos, com mediana de idade de 52 anos. Os fÃrmacos mais implicados foram os AINES (anti-inflamatÃrios nÃo esteroidais) e a via oral foi a mais utilizada. Foram documentadas 69 reaÃÃes suspeitas, a maioria do tipo tardia. Exantema maculopapuloso e eritema multiforme foram as manifestaÃÃes mais freqÃentes entre as reaÃÃes tardias. Quanto à gravidade, a maioria foi considerada moderada (72,46%). O teste de contato foi realizado em 22 pacientes para investigaÃÃo de reaÃÃo tardia. Em sete casos, houve resultado positivo (31,81%), ou seja, DRESS (Rash com eosinofilia e sintomas sistÃmicos) causado por captopril (+), eczema de contato por rifamicina (++), erupÃÃo liquenÃide por captopril (+), exantema maculopapuloso + angiodema para cefalexina e ampicilina (+), dois casos de fotoeczema, um por captopril e outro por Ãcido acetilsalicÃlico (AAS), ambos com resultado (+) e um caso de sÃndrome de Steven-Johnson por fenitoÃna (++). Foram realizados dez testes de puntura e em trÃs pacientes houve positividade para AAS diluÃdo a 1/1000. Foi possÃvel confirmar a imputabilidade do fÃrmaco em 19 reaÃÃes (27,53%), o que demonstra a importÃncia da aplicaÃÃo dos testes cutÃneos na investigaÃÃo clÃnica das reaÃÃes alÃrgicas a medicamentos. Quando à causalidade, 26 reaÃÃes foram consideradas possÃveis, 20 definidas, 13 provÃveis, 9 condicionais e uma reaÃÃo foi considerada nÃo relacionada com fÃrmacos. Dada a sua importÃncia, a realizaÃÃo dos testes cutÃneos com esses pacientes abriu perspectivas sobre a possibilidade incorporar esse serviÃo na rotina do ambulatÃrio de Dermatologia do HUWC.
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Leijon, Sundqvist Katarina. "Evaluation of hand skin temperature -Infrared thermography in combination with cold stress tests." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Medicinsk vetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63216.
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Abstract Since ancient times, warm or cold skin on the human body has been used as a parameter in evaluating health. Changes in body temperature are attributed to diseases or disorders. The assessment of body temperature is often performed to measure fever by detecting an elevated core temperature. With techniques such as infrared thermography, it is possible to perform a non-contact temperature measurement on a large surface area. The overall aim of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of the hand skin temperature variability in healthy persons and in persons experiencing whitening fingers (WF). The enclosed four papers discuss issues such as thermal variability response to cold stress test (CST) in repeated investigations; the specific rewarming pattern after CST; the difference between the hand’s palmar and dorsal temperatures; and evaluating skin temperatures and response to CST in participants with WF and healthy participants. All four papers used an experimental approach involving healthy males (I-III) and females (III) as well as individuals with (IV) and without WF (I-IV). Data were generated using dynamic infrared imaging before and after a CST. The radiometric images were analyzed using image analysis and statistics. The study showed that: (I) there is variability in hand skin temperature; (II) there are cold and warm hand skin temperature response patterns; (III) the skin temperatures on the palmar and dorsal sides of the hand are closely related; and (IV) a baseline hand skin temperature measurement can distinguish between whitening fingers and controls. The conclusion of this thesis is that it is necessary to engage in thorough planning before an investigation in order to choose the most adequate method for evaluating peripheral skin temperature response depending on the question asked.
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Rocha, Maria Inês Lopes. "Skin prick tests : preliminary evaluation of this technique for the diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis sensitization." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4237.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a multifactorial disease involving a type I hypersensitivity to allergens, cutaneous barrier defects, microbial infections and other flare factors. It is “an inflammatory and pruritic skin disease, with genetic predisposition and characteristic clinical features associated with IgE antibodies most commonly directed against environmental allergens”.
The clinical signs of CAD frequently manifest from 6 months to 3 years of age. Some breeds, such as Bull Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, English Bulldog, German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Pug, Shar Pei, West Highland White Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier, among others, seem to be at a higher risk of developing the disease.
The lesions are typically distributed in the periocular skin, muzzle, ears, interdigital area, flexural joints of the extremities, axillae, abdomen, groin and perineum. The first clinical manifestation is usually pruritus with erythema, followed by secondary lesions, such as excoriations, self-induced alopecia, dry hair, hyperpigmentation, scaling and lichenification, which reflect chronic pruritus and inflammation, concurrent secondary infections and bacterial overgrowth.
The diagnosis of the disease is based on the anamnesis, clinical signs, dermatological examination, exclusion of other pruritic skin diseases and allergy testing, with in vivo techniques, such as Intradermal Tests (IDT) or Skin Prick Tests (SPT), and in vitro methods, such as, allergen-specific IgE measurements.
CAD has no cure, however it is possible to be controlled with multifactorial treatment, which may include allergen avoidance measures, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT), improvement of the skin barrier function and anti-inflammatory therapy.
The objective of this study was to determine if SPT technique was doable in dogs. Also, it was important to determine whether or not the standardized concentrations of the allergens used for human patients would cause irritant false positive skin reactions in healthy non-atopic dogs. Therefore, 22 healthy non-atopic dogs were tested with 15 aqueous allergens commercially available for use in human medicine.
The results showed that all dogs had negative skin reactions to the concentrations available for each allergen tested.
It was possible to conclude that the SPT were not only doable but they showed many advantages versus IDT, such as simplicity, rapidity, less discomfort, less irritation and safety, and also, that the concentrations used did not cause irritant false positive skin reactions in healthy dogs.<br>Resumo – Testes Cutâneos Prick – Avaliação preliminar desta técnica no diagnóstico de sensibilização na dermatite atópica canina. -
A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma doença multifactorial que envolve uma hipersensibilidade de tipo I a alergénios, alterações da barreira cutânea, infecções microbianas entre outros factores ambientais. Constitui uma doença cutânea inflamatória e prurítica, com predisposição genética e sinais clínicos característicos associados a anticorpos IgE mais frequentemente direccionados contra alergénios ambientais.
Os sinais clínicos da DAC manifestam-se frequentemente entre os 6 meses e os 3 anos de idade. Algumas raças, como Bull Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Bulldog Inglês, Pastor Alemão, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Pug, Shar Pei, West Highland White Terrier, Yorkshire Terrier, entre outros, parecem estar em maior risco de desenvolver a doença.
Existe uma distribuição lesional típica em certas regiões do corpo, como região periocular, focinho, pavilhões auriculares, zona interdigital, articulações das extremidades, axilas, abdómen, virilhas e períneo. O primeiro sinal clínico é o prurido com eritema, seguido de lesões secundárias, como escoriações, alopécia auto-induzida, pêlo de má qualidade, hiperpigmentação, seborreia seca e liquenificação, que reflectem prurido e inflamação crónicas, infecções secundárias concomitantes e sobrecrescimento bacteriano.
O diagnóstico da doença é baseado na anamnese, sinais clínicos, exame dermatológico, exclusão de outras doenças de pele pruríticas e testes alérgicos, por técnicas in vivo, testes Intradérmicos ou testes Prick (também denominados “por picada”), ou por métodos in vitro, medição de IgE específica.
A DAC não tem cura, no entanto, pode ser controlada através de um tratamento multifactorial, que pode incluir medidas de evicção alergénica, imunoterapia alergénio-específica, melhoramento da função da barreira cutânea e terapêutica anti-inflamatória.
Este estudo teve como objectivo determinar se a técnica do teste cutâneo prick era exequível em cães. Foi, também, importante determinar se as concentrações padronizadas dos alergénios para os doentes humanos, provocavam reacções cutâneas falso positivas irritantes em cães saudáveis não-atópicos. Para isso, 22 cães saudáveis não-atópicos foram testados para 15 alergénios aquosos disponíveis comercialmente para utilização em medicina humana.
Os resultados mostraram que todos os cães tiveram reacções cutâneas negativas para as concentrações disponíveis para cada alergénio testado.
Foi possível concluir que os testes Prick não só eram exequíveis em cães, como mostraram muitas vantagens em comparação com os testes Intradérmicos, como simplicidade, rapidez, menor desconforto, menor irritação e maior segurança, e também, que as concentrações utilizadas não causaram reacções cutâneas falso positivas irritantes em cães saudáveis.
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Reed, Susan. "Development of method to assess skin contact to chemicals." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/611.
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Chemical exposure of the skin has become a route of entry of some chemicals into the body and has come under major review in recent times. This research aims to develop a method of estimating skin exposure that is both reliable and non-prohibitive in cost. This involved the design and testing of skin patches adaptable for monitoring skin exposure to chemicals using several different types of absorbents which could be easily worn against skin. The final design of the patch used either activated charcoal or tenax as the absorbing medium. The patches were then desorbed with a solvent in order to analyse the chemicals. The results of the study showed that many skin exposures do not have a direct relationship with inhalation exposures, which is important because currently there are no estimates of the levels of skin exposures that may have potential long term health effects. The patch has proved successful for detecting the presence and determining the amount of chemicals that come in contact with the skin. Charcoal patches have the widest application, but are not suitable for all situations and tenax should be used on these occasions.
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Fjällbrant, Harald. "BCG vaccination and the tuberculin skin test in a country with low prevalence of tuberculosis : epidemiological and immunological studies in healthy subjects /." Göteborg : Department of Internal Medicine/Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Medicine : Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/18321.
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Matias, Daniela Ferreira. "Avaliação de uma nova técnica em alergologia veterinária : testes cutâneos por picada em cães." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5285.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A dermatite atópica (DA), uma das doenças alérgicas mais comuns no cão, é uma doença pruriginosa e inflamatória resultante da interacção de factores genéticos, ambientais e imunológicos. Dada a incidência crescente e o impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, o seu diagnóstico deve ser uma prioridade. Este deve ser baseado na história e sinais clínicos dermatológicos, aos quais se seguem a exclusão dos diagnósticos diferenciais, como é o caso da sarna sarcóptica. O tratamento é, sempre que possível, etiológico, além de sintomático. A selecção dos alergénios relevantes para cada paciente deve ser fundamentada em provas de sensibilização. Estas incluem testes cutâneos e/ou serológicos, sendo o teste intradérmico (TID) normalmente eleito. Em alergologia humana, este foi, praticamente, substituído pelo teste cutâneo por picada (TCP) que, para além de mais específico, permite uma execução mais simples, rápida, segura, económica e confortável. O principal objectivo deste estudo é averiguar se estas vantagens também se verificam nos cães.
Numa primeira fase, 10 cães não atópicos foram testados pela técnica de picada com 21 extractos alergénicos de uso em alergologia humana (ALK-Abelló®). Concluiu-se que as concentrações utilizadas, não sendo responsáveis por reacções irritantes nestes cães, podem ser aplicadas naqueles com DA. Antes dos testes, os mesmos animais foram, aleatoriamente, divididos em dois grupos: sedados e não sedados. Nestes últimos, durante e após os TCP, foi adaptada a forma abreviada da escala de dor de Glasgow, confirmando- -se que a técnica é pouco dolorosa. Em ambos os grupos, as concentrações séricas de cortisol, antes e após os TCP, ficaram dentro dos valores normais de referência, pelo que a validade da técnica não parece ser comprometida por activação do eixo hipotálamo- -pituitária-adrenal. Numa segunda fase, 13 cães atópicos foram sujeitos a TID com 28 extractos alergénicos (Greer Laboratories®) e, na mesma sedação, a TCP com os extractos da fase anterior. Todos os cães com DA desenvolveram reacções positivas nos TCP.
Os TCP parecem ser seguros e de fácil execução mesmo em cães não sedados. Os níveis de cortisol permaneceram dentro dos limites normais, antes e após os TCP, comprovando indirectamente que a técnica é pouco dolorosa. Os extractos da ALK-Abelló® não provocam reacções irritantes no cão. A elevada especificidade desta técnica relativamente aos TID poderá vir a ser um dos seus grandes benefícios. Estudos adicionais deverão ser desenvolvidos de forma a encontrar as concentrações óptimas para a introdução dos TCP em alergologia veterinária, uma vez que as usadas podem ser demasiado baixas. No entanto, os resultados são bastante promissores.<br>ABSTRACT - EVALUATION OF A NEW TECHNIQUE IN VETERINARY ALLERGOLOGY:
SKIN PRICK TESTS IN DOGS - Atopic dermatitis, one of the most common allergic conditions in the dog, is a pruritic and inflammatory disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. Of increasing incidence and with great impact on the patient quality of life, its recognition and treatment are of extreme importance. Diagnosis is based on compatible history and clinical signs and exclusion of other pruritic diseases, such as scabies. Whenever possible, etiological treatment should be used in addition to symptomatic. This implies knowledge of patient individual sensitizations, which can be achieved by skin or serological tests. In veterinary medicine, the intradermal test (ITD) is usually used. In human allergology, it was largely replaced by skin prick test (SPT) because of its higher specificity and pratical reasons such as being easier to perform, safer, quicker and less expensive. Also, patients report less discomfort. In this study we want to perform this technique and see if advantages reported for Man also occur in the dog.
Initially (stage one), 10 non-atopic dogs were tested by SPT with 21 allergenic extracts for use in human allergology (ALK-Abelló®). We concluded that the concentrations used are not responsible for irritants false positive reactions in these dogs. Therefore, it can be applied in atopic dogs. Before testing, the same animals were randomly divided into two groups: sedated and non-sedated dogs. Adapted form of the Glasgow composite pain scale was apllied to non-sedated-group during and after the SPT. This technique was shown to be well tolerated. In both groups, serum cortisol levels were within the normal reference values before and after the SPT; thus, the validity of the technique does not appear to be compromised by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In a second stage, we perform IDT with 28 allergenic extracts (Greer Laboratories®) and SPT with the extracts from the preceding stage in 13 sedated atopic dogs. All dogs with atopic dermatitis had some positive reactions in SPT.
SPT appear to be safe and easy to perform even in non-sedated dogs. Cortisol levels remained within normal limits before and after the procedure, indirectly implying no significant pain or discomfort was experienced. ALK-Abelló® human extracts didn’t cause irritant reactions. Higher specificity of SPT comparing to IDT could be in the future one of the great benefits of this technique. Further studies are needed, especially regarding optimal concentrations of the extracts to be used in veterinary, before SPT could be proposed for routine use in veterinary allergology. Results are nevertheless very promising.
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Reed, Susan. "Development of method to assess skin contact to chemicals /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030520.115134/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001.<br>A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, College of Science, Technology and Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, April 2001. Bibliography : leaves 138-148.
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Lonne-Rahm, Sol-Britt. "Etiological and clinical aspects of skin sensitivity /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-746-0.
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Smith, Theodore Brooke. "Development and Ground Testing of Direct Measuring Skin Friction Gages for High Enthalpy Supersonic Flight Tests." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29351.
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A series of direct-measuring skin friction gages were developed for a high-speed, high-temperature environment of the turbulent boundary layer in flows such as that in supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) engines, with a progression from free-jet ground tests to a design for an actual hypersonic scramjet-integrated flight vehicle. The designs were non-nulling, with a sensing head that was flush with the model wall and surrounded by a small gap. Thus, the shear force due to the flow along the wall deflects the head, inducing a measurable strain. Strain gages were used to detect the strain. The gages were statically calibrated using a direct force method. The designs were verified by testing in a well-documented Mach 2.4 cold flow. Results of the cold-flow tests were repeatable and within 15% of the value of Cf estimated from simple theory. The first gage design incorporated a cantilever beam with semiconductor strain gages to sense the shear on the floating head. Cooling water was routed both internally and around the external housing in order to control the temperature of the strain gages. This first gage was installed and tested in a rocket-based-combined-cycle (RBCC) engine model operating in the scramjet mode. The free-jet facility provided a Mach 6.4 flow with P0 = 1350 psia (9310 kPa) and T0 = 2800 °R (1555 °K). Local wall temperatures were measured between 850 and 900 °R (472-500 °K). Output from the RBCC scramjet tests was reasonable and repeatable. A second skin friction gage was designed for and tested in a wind tunnel model of the Hyper-X flight vehicle scramjet engine. These unsuccessful tests revealed the need for a radically different skin friction gage design. The third and final skin friction gage was specifically developed to be installed on the Hyper-X flight vehicle. Rather than the cantilever beam and semiconductor strain gages, the third skin friction gage made use of a flexure ring and metal foil strain gages to sense the shear. The water-cooling and oil-fill used on the previous skin friction sensors were eliminated. It was qualified for flight through a rigorous series of environmental tests, including pressure, temperature, vibration, and heat flux tests. Finally, the third skin friction gage was tested in the Hyper-X Engine Model (HXEM), a full-scale-partial-width wind tunnel model of the flight vehicle engine. These tests were conducted at Mach 6.5 enthalpy with P0 = 555 psia (3827 kPa) and h0 = 900 Btu/lbm in a freejet facility. The successful testing in the wind tunnel scramjet model provided the final verification of the gage before installation in the flight vehicle engine. The development, testing, and results of all three skin friction gages are discussed.<br>Ph. D.
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Lorenzini, Daniel. ""Sensibilização de doentes com dermatite atópica ao Aleuroglyphus ovatus avaliada através do teste epicutâneo"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5133/tde-16102006-175402/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A dermatite atópica é uma doença inflamatória crônica da pele que possui alta prevalência e etiopatogenia multifatorial. Os ácaros são alguns dos desencadeadores das crises desta enfermidade. OBJETIVO: avaliar a freqüência de positividade ao teste de contato, utilizando extratos do ácaro Aleuroglyphus ovatus em doentes com dermatite atópica, comparando-a à dos doentes portadores de alergia respiratória e à dos indivíduos sem atopia. MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte e quatro indivíduos (48 doentes com dermatite atópica, 47 com alergia respiratória e 29 sem atopia) foram avaliados através do teste de contato contendo extrato de Aleuroglyphus ovatus nas concentrações de 0,1%, 0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5%, 2,0%. O teste de puntura com leitura imediata (prick test) e a dosagem da IgE sérica também foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: seis doentes com dermatite atópica, 4 com alergia respiratória e 1 indivíduo sem atopia responderam positivamente ao teste de contato alérgico com Aleuroglyphus ovatus. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: O Aleuroglyphus ovatus possui papel relativo na elicitação das crises de dermatite atópica, podendo o teste de contato alérgico com Aleuroglyphus ovatus ser usado em caso de dúvida no diagnóstico etiológico.<br>INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin with high prevalence and complex etiopathogenesis. Mites are known to cause flares of this disease. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the epicutaneous test response with Aleuroglyphus ovatus antigen in patients with atopic dermatitis. METHODS: One hundred and twenty four subjects were patch tested with Aleuroglyphus ovatus antigen in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%. Forty eight patients with atopic dermatitis, 47 with respiratory allergy and 29 healthy subjects were studied. Prick test and total serum IgE were also evaluated. RESULTS: six patients with atopic dermatitis, 4 with respiratory allergy and 1 healthy subject had positive responses to Aleuroglyphus ovatus atopy patch test. No statistical differences among the studied groups were found. CONCLUSION: This mite must have a relative role in the atopic dermatitis flares and Aleuroglyphus ovatus atopy patch test should be reserved for etiopathogenic uncertainties cases.
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Tultrairat, Angkhana. "Physiological and perceptual assessment of thermal comfort and heat strain in garment wear tests using sleeves : an alternative to full-garment tests of chemical protective clothing /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08292008-063420/.
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Norrman, Gunilla. "Eczema in young children : aspects of clinical investigation and treatment." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/med999s.pdf.
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Pomiecinski, Fabiane. "Sensibilização a alérgenos alimentares na doença do refluxo gastroesofágico refratária ao tratamento convencional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-24082010-161927/.
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Introdução: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) refratária pode estar relacionada à maior sensibilização a alimentos pelo dano ácido-péptico às junções intercelulares e/ou pelo aumento do pH gástrico pelos inibidores de bomba de prótons (IBPs). A falha na resposta ao tratamento da DRGE tem sido atribuída, entre outras causas, à esofagite eosinofílica (EE). Objetivo: O objetivo principal do estudo foi avaliar a sensibilização a alimentos nos pacientes com DRGE refratária. Como objetivos secundários, comparamos as características dos pacientes sensibilizados com os não sensibilizados e verificamos a resposta clínica da DRGE à dieta de restrição aos alimentos aos quais o paciente estava sensibilizado. Métodos: Os pacientes com DRGE refratária realizaram dieta de restrição baseada no resultado de teste cutâneo de leitura imediata (TCLI) e teste cutâneo de contato (TCC) com alimentos. As características dos pacientes sensibilizados foram comparadas com os não sensibilizados com relação à atopia e número de eosinófilos na mucosa esofágica. Resultados: A prevalência de sensibilização a alimentos nos pacientes com DRGE refratária foi de 27,7%, sendo 15,3% pelo TCLI e 12,3% pelo TCC. Os asmáticos apresentaram maior sensibilização a alimentos (p=0,008). Foi identificada a presença de eosinófilos na mucosa esofágica em 15,8% dos pacientes e esta correlacionou-se com maior sensibilização a alimentos (p=0,011). Foi confirmado um caso de EE. A dieta de exclusão aos alimentos identificados promoveu melhora clínica dos sintomas da DRGE (p=0,004). Conclusão: A presença de eosinófilos na mucosa esofágica associada à maior sensibilização a alimentos e a resposta à dieta de exclusão em pacientes com testes positivos sugere que a DRGE refratária pode representar um estágio inicial da EE.<br>Abstract: Refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can be related to greater sensitization to foods due to peptic acid damage to intercellular junctions and/or due to the increase in gastric pH by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The lack of response to treatment of GERD has been attributed to, among other causes, eosinophilic esophagitis (EE). Objective: The principal objective of the study was to evaluate the sensitization to foods in patients with refractory GERD. As secondary objectives, we compared the characteristics of sensitized patients with those non-sensitized and found a clinical response of GERD to a diet restricting foods to which the patient was sensitized. Methods: Patients with refractory GERD were put on a restriction diet based on the results of skin prick test (SPT) and atopy patch test (APT) with foods. The characteristics of the sensitized patients were compared to those non-sensitized in relation to atopia and number of eosinophils in the esophageal mucosa. Results: The prevalence of sensitization to foods in patients with refractory GERD was 27.7%, where 15.3% were determined by SPT and 12.3% by APT. Asthmatics showed higher sensitization to foods (p=0.008). The presence of eosinophils in the esophageal mucosa was determined in 15.8% of patients, and this correlated with greater sensitization to foods (p=0.011). One case of EE was confirmed. A diet excluding identified sensitizing foods led to clinical improvement with regard to GERD symptoms (p=0,004). Conclusion: The presence of eosinophils in esophageal mucosa associated with greater sensitization to foods and the response to restriction diet in patients with positive tests suggest that refractory GERD can represent an initial stage of EE.
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Modena, Silvia. "Sea organisms as a source of collagen-derived polymers for skin tissue engineering applications." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11250/.
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Advanced therapies combating acute and chronic skin wounds are likely to be brought about using our knowledge of regenerative medicine coupled with appropriately tissue engineered skin substitutes. At the present time, there are no models of an artificial skin that completely replicate normal uninjured skin and they are usually accompanied by fibrotic reactions that result in the production of a scar. Natural biopolymers such as collagen have been a lot investigated as potential source of biomaterial for skin replacement in Tissue Engineering.
Collagens are the most abundant high molecular weight proteins in both invertebrate and vertebrate organisms, including mammals, and possess mainly a structural role in connective tissues. From this, they have been elected as one of the key biological materials in tissue regeneration approaches, as skin tissue engineering. In addition, industry is constantly searching for new natural sources of collagen and upgraded methodologies for their production. The most common sources are skin and bone from bovine and porcine origin. However, these last carry high risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and immunogenic responses. On the other hand, the increase of jellyfish has led us to consider this marine organism as potential collagen source for tissue engineering applications.
In the present study, novel form of acid and pepsin soluble collagen were extracted from dried Rhopilema hispidum jellyfish species in an effort to obtain an alternative and safer collagen. We studied different methods of collagen purification (tissues and experimental procedures). The best collagen yield was obtained using pepsin extraction method (34.16 mg collagen/g of tissue). The isolated collagen was characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Shanaube, Kwame, James Hargreaves, Katherine Fielding, Ab Schaap, Katherine-Anne Lawrence, Bernadette Hensen, Charalambos Sismanidis, et al. "Risk factors associated with positive quantiFERON-TB gold in-tube and tuberculin skin tests results in Zambia and South Africa." Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/11596.
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The original publication is available at http:/www.plosone.org<br>Introduction: The utility of T-cell based interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection remains unclear in settings with a high burden of tuberculosis. Objectives: To determine risk factors associated with positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) results and the level of agreement between the tests; to explore the hypotheses that positivity in QFT-GIT is more related to recent infection and less affected by HIV than the TST. Methods: Adult household contacts of tuberculosis patients were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study across 24 communities in Zambia and South Africa. HIV, QFT-GIT and TST tests were done. A questionnaire was used to assess risk factors. Results: A total of 2,220 contacts were seen. 1,803 individuals had interpretable results for both tests, 1,147 (63.6%) were QFT-GIT positive while 725 (40.2%) were TST positive. Agreement between the tests was low (kappa = 0.24). QFT-GIT and TST results were associated with increasing age (adjusted OR [aOR] for each 10 year increase for QFT-GIT 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06-1.25, and for TST aOR: 1.10; 95% CI 1.01-1.20). HIV positivity was less common among those with positive results on QFT-GIT (aOR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39-0.67) and TST (aOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.82). Smear positivity of the index case was associated with QFT-GIT (aOR: 1.25; 95% CI: 0.90-1.74) and TST (aOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.98-1.98) results. We found little evidence in our data to support our hypotheses. Conclusion: QFT-GIT may not be more sensitive than the TST to detect risk factors associated with tuberculous infection. We found little evidence to support the hypotheses that positivity in QFT-GIT is more related to recent infection and less affected by HIV than the TST. © 2011 Shanaube et al.<br>Publishers' Version
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Örnek, Zafer Akkaya Ahmet. "Pamuk iplik fabrikası çalışanlarında solunum sistemi belirtileri, cilt testi serbest radikal, antioksidan ve serum prolidaz aktivite düzeylerinin araştırılması /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2004. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00143.pdf.
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Louka, Chrysovalanto. "Controlling the toxicity of zinc oxide nanowires in vitro skin models." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALU004.pdf.
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Les nanofils d'oxyde de zinc (ZnONW) attirent beaucoup d'attention scientifique en raison de leurs propriétés optoélectriques, piézoélectriques et semi-conductrices, qui en font un bon candidat pour les capteurs et l'électronique intégrées dans les textiles. Ces applications augmentent les risques d'exposition cutanée, de qui rend l’étude de leur toxicité cruciale, d'autant plus que les études récentes démontrent une toxicité liée aux ions de zinc due à la dissolution. Malheureusement, la compréhension de l'impact des ZnONWs sur la peau est limitée. Par conséquent, l'objectif de ce projet est d'acquérir une compréhension approfondie du danger potentiel des ZnONWs sur la peau (humaine) in vitro et de la façon dont leurs propriétés physicochimiques sont liées à cela.Ici, une caractérisation physico-chimique étendue des ZnONWs a été effectuée dans des milieux de cultures de cellules (GlutaMAX) avec et sans sérum, et dans des suspensions milli Q eau (mQ H2O). Les résultats ont montré que la dissolution de la suspension stock, où les deux nanomatériaux ZnO (ZnONM) sont dans mQ H2O, a atteint une concentration en ions zinc à l'équilibre de 15 µg / mL immédiatement, tandis que les études de dimensions ont montré une forte agrégation dans GlutaMAX sans sérum et une agrégation réduite dans les milieux GlutaMAX avec du sérum . Il a été démontré que les conditions de stockage de l'incubateur à 5% de CO2 et à 37 ° C ont un impact sur la dissolution en abaissant le pH de la suspension aqueuse milli Q et en formant éventuellement des complexes de carbonate de zinc dans les milieux.L'examen de la cytotoxicité des ZnONW dans la monoculture cutanée et la comparaison avec les nanoparticules de ZnO (ZnONP) et le chlorure de zinc (ZnCl2) a montré que les ZnONM induisaient une cytotoxicité et une baisse de viabilité cellulaire significatives à partir de 40,2 µg / mL d'équivalent zinc, avec moins de 40% de cellules viables. La comparaison avec le ZnCl2 a montré une association claire entre la dissolution et la cytotoxicité cellulaire.Pour évaluer davantage l'impact réel des ZnONW dans la peau, un système de co-culture dans l'interface air-liquide (ALI) composé d'épiderme et de cellules cutanées du derme a été développé après uneoptimisation en monoculture de chaque type de cellule. Le système de modèle de peau 3D a été exposé aux ZnONPs, ZnONWs et ZnCl2. Pour empêcher la dissolution des ZnONW, une couche de dioxyde de titane (TiO2) de 5,75 ± SD 1,06 nm a été déposée par dépôt de couche atomique (ALD) sur les ZnONWs. Les ZnONWs recouverts de TiO2 ont également été testés pour leur toxicité sur le système de co-culture.Les résultats des expositions ont montré une mort cellulaire significative avec seulement 20% de cellules vivantes, après traitement aux ZnONMs et au ZnCl2 à 80,4 µg tandis que le traitement aux ZnONW revêtus de TiO2 maintenait au moins 75% de viabilité cellulaire même à 80,4 µg. Cependant, un examen plus approfondi des médiateurs (pro-) inflammatoires après le traitement a montré que les ZnONW revêtus de TiO2 augmentaient les niveaux d'interleukine (IL) 8 et 6 (pro-) inflammatoires par rapport aux ZnONW sans couche de TiO2. Cela pourrait soulever d'autres problèmes de toxicité<br>Zinc oxide nanowires (ZnONWs) are attracting a lot of scientific attention due to their optoelectrical, piezoelectrical and semiconducting properties, which make them a good candidate for sensors and wearable electronics. These applications increase the chance of skin exposure, hence the investigation of their safety is crucial, especially since studies on ZnONWs show a zinc ion related toxicity due to their dissolution. Unfortunately, understanding of ZnONWs impact on skin is limited. Therefore, it is the objective of this project to gain an insightful understanding of the potential hazard of ZnONWs upon (human) skin in vitro and how their physicochemical properties are related to this.Herein, an extensive ZnONWs physicochemical characterisation was performed in media with and without serum, and in milli Q water (mQ H2O) suspensions. Results showed the stock dissolution, where both ZnO nanomaterials (ZnONMs) are in mQ H2O, reached a zinc ion concentration at equilibrium of 15 µg/mL immediately, while size studies showed high aggregation in GlutaMAX without serum and reduced aggregation in GlutaMAX media with serum. Incubator storing conditions of 5% CO2 and 37oC were shown to have an impact on the dissolution by lowering the pH of the milli Q water suspension and possibly forming zinc carbonate complexes in media.Examining the cytotoxicity of ZnONWs in skin monoculture and comparing it to ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2), showed that ZnONMs induced a significant cytotoxicity and cell death from 40.2 µg/mL zinc equivalent, with less than 40% viable cells. Comparison with the ZnCl2 showed a clear association between dissolution and cell cytotoxicity.To assess further the actual impact of ZnONWs in the skin, a co-culture system in Air-Liquid-Interface (ALI) consisting of epidermis and dermis skin cells was developed after monoculture optimisation of each cell type. The 3D skin model system was exposed to ZnONPs, ZnONWs and ZnCl2. To prevent the dissolution of ZnONWs, a 5.75±SD 1.06 nm Titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell was deposited via Atomic layer deposition (ALD) on the ZnONWs. The TiO2 coated ZnONWs were also tested for their toxicity on the co-culture system.Results of the exposures showed a significant cell death with only 20% alive cells, after ZnONMs and ZnCl2 treatment at 80.4 µg whilst the TiO2 coated ZnONWs treatment maintained at least 75% cell viability even at 80.4 µg. However, further examination of (pro-) inflammatory mediators after treatment showed that TiO2 coated ZnONWs increased levels of (pro-)inflammatory Interleukin (IL) 8 and 6 compared to bare ZnONWs. This could raise further safety issues
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Pedrosa, Tatiana do Nascimento. "Desenvolvimento de epiderme humana reconstruída (RHE) como plataforma de testes in vitro para irritação, sensibilização, dermatite atópica e fotoimunossupressão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-02022017-155625/.
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O desenvolvimento de novos modelos de pele e novas metodologias in vitro segue uma tendência mundial na busca pela redução ou substituição de testes em animais. Nesse contexto, kits de epiderme humana reconstruída (RHE) apresentam-se como uma plataforma promissoras para essa proposta e, alguns modelos encontram-se validados para ensaios de irritação e corrosão cutânea in vitro. Entretanto, em países como o Brasil, enfrentam-se questões alfandegárias e perda do material por perecibilidade, dificultando e até impedindo, a importação desses kits para utilização por parte das indústrias e laboratórios nacionais. Em contrapartida, o desenvolvimento de um modelo de RHE apresenta-se como um avanço tecnológico e ganho de autonomia para esses países. Assim, no capítulo 1 explorou-se o desenvolvimento de um modelo nacional de RHE (USP-RHE) que atendesse às exigências internacionais descritas no guia OECD 439. O modelo desenvolvido apresentou uma epiderme bem diferenciada e atendeu aos parâmetros de qualidade (histologia, viabilidade e função barreira) bem como da funcionalidade, a qual é expressa na capacidade de distinção entre irritantes e não irritantes, apresentando 85,7% de especificidade, 100% sensibilidade e 92,3% de acurácia quando comparada com a classificação in vivo obtida pelo ensaio do linfonodo local (LLNA). No capítulo 2, células monocíticas THP-1 em monocamada foram capazes de distinguir entre agentes sensibilizantes e não sensibilizantes por meio da expressão de CD86, CD54 e liberação de IL-8. Após a obtenção de RHE e THP-1 funcionais, um cross-talking foi estabelecido gerando uma RHE imunocompetente. A RHEI distinguiu satisfatoriamente entre agentes sensibilizantes e não sensibilizantes por meio da expressão de CD86 e CD54 na membrana das células THP-1. A liberação de IL-8 também foi avaliada na RHEI, mas, não demonstrou ser um bom indicador para a avaliação de sensibilização, ao contrário de IL-1α, que distinguiu satisfatoriamente agentes sensibilizantes de não-sensibilizantes, mas não foi capaz de hierarquizá-los. No capítulo 3, avaliou-se o papel de interleucinas do tipo Th2 e da depleção de colesterol na membrana plasmática no desenvolvimento de características morfológicas e moleculares da dermatite atópica (DA) in vitro em um modelo de RHE. Os resultados demonstram que o uso de IL-4, IL-13 e IL-25 em combinação com a depleção de colesterol na membrana plasmática mimetiza in vitro, as principais características da DA. No capítulo 4, buscou-se avaliar os efeitos imunossupressores da radiação ultravioleta na RHEI. Os ensaios foram realizados em diferentes períodos de exposição, entretanto, não foi possível observar tais efeitos. Os resultados justificam-se pela ausência da liberação de IL-10 pelo RHE imunocompetente, por exemplo, e demonstram uma limitação do RHE imunocompetente para avaliações de inativação da reposta imune. Neste trabalho, concluímos que foi possível obter uma RHE competitiva, similar aos modelos internacionais validados e que pode ser utilizada como plataforma para ensaios de irritação e sensibilização cutânea, além de ser uma plataforma para estudos da dermatite atópica. No modelo é possível estudar a ativação do sistema imune, o que o torna promissor como uma plataforma para avaliação de resposta imunológica in vitro. Conclui-se, portanto, que os objetivos foram amplamente atendidos além de oferecermos um protocolo de livre acesso para reprodução por outros laboratórios e um modelo para validação futura.<br>The development of new in vitro skin models and new methodologies follows a global trend in search for reductions or replacement of animal testing. In this context, Reconstructed Human Epidermis kits (RHE) are presented as a promising platform in the search for alternative methods to animal use, and some models are validated for skin irritation and corrosion in vitro tests. However, in countries such as Brazil, who face customs issues and loss of material due to perishability, making it challenging and even compromising the importation of these kits for use by industries and laboratories. In contrast, the development of an RHE model is presented as a technological breakthrough and gain of autonomy for these countries. Thus, in Chapter 1 we explored the development of a national model of RHE (USP-RHE) that meet international requirements described in OECD TG 439. The developed model presented a well-differentiated epidermis and met the quality parameters, for instance, histology, viability, and barrier function as well as the functionality expressed in the capacity of screening between irritants and nonirritants, with 85.7 % of specificity, 100 % of sensitivity and 91.7% of accuracy in comparision to in vivo UN GHS classification from Local limph node assay (LLNA). In chapter 2, monocytic THP-1 cell line, as monolayers, were able to distinguish between sensitizers and non-sensitizers by expression of CD86, CD54, and IL-8 release. In this model, functional RHE and THP-1 were used in a cross-talking, and thus an immunocompetent RHE (RHEI) was generated. The RHEI has distinguished satisfactorily between sensitizers and non-sensitizers through CD86 and CD54 expression that was larger and more sensitive in this model. The release of IL-8 was also evaluated in RHEI, however, did not demonstrate to be a good parameter for this evaluation, unlike IL-1α, which satisfactorily distinguished sensitizers from non-sensitizers, but was not able to hierarchize them. In chapter 3, we evaluated the role of Th2-related cytokines and plasma membrane cholesterol depletion (CD) in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) morphological and molecular characteristics in an in vitro model of RHE. The results showed that combination of IL-4, IL-13 and IL-25 in combination with CD can reproduce the major features of AD in vitro. In Chapter 4, we sought to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppressive effects in RHE. The tests were performed at different times. However, it was not possible to observe such effects. The results are justified by the absence of IL-10 release by RHEI, for example, and show a limitation of RHEI for rating inactivation of the immune response. In this work, we conclude that it was possible to obtain a competitive RHE similar to the validated international models that can be used as a platform for irritation and skin sensitization tests, besides being a platform for the study of atopic dermatitis. Using this model is possible to explore the activation of immune system, which makes it promising as a platform for the evaluation of immune response in vitro. We conclude, therefore, that the objectives have been met as well as it is offering an open source protocol for breeding by other laboratories, thus offering the RHE model developed here for future validation tests.
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REEDY, CRYSTAL A. "Kids! On Race: How teaching the evolutionary story of human skin color can challenge children to question arbitrary categories of race and the myth of white supremacy in grade school." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent155592254864772.
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Devenney, Irene. "Assessing eczema and food allergy in young children." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7128.
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Aleksandra, Petrović. "Uticaj pola, težine i dužine trajanja oboljenja na kontaktnu senzibilizaciju kod obolelih od vulgarne psorijaze." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=90404&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Kontaktna senzibilizacija, kao stanje specifične reaktivnosti kože, može biti egzogeni pokretač psorijaze. Rezultat je interakcije endogenih i egzogenih činioca. Jedan od najznačajnijih endogenih faktora kome se pripisuje uloga faktora rizika jeste pol. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se kod obolelih od psorijaze utvrdi učestalost i distribucija kontaktne senzibilizacije u odnosu na pol, razlike u distribuciji kontaktne senzibilizacije po polu između osoba obolelih od psorijaze i osoba pod sumnjom na postojanje kontaktnog alergijskog dermatitisa, povezanost kontaktne senzibilizacije i težine kliničkog nalaza i povezanost kontaktne senzibilizacije i dužine trajanja oboljenja. Hipoteza istraživanja polazila je od pretpostavke da je kontaktni alergijski dermatitis redak kod obolelih od psorijaze, jer hronična inflamacija u koži smanjuje njenu sposobnost specifične senzibilizacije a da je veća učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije kod osoba ženskog pola rezultat egzogenog faktora tj.ekspozicije, kao i da je učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa težinom i dužinom trajanja oboljenja. Istaživanje je sprovedeno kod 176 ispitanika koji su bili podeljeni u dve grupe. Eksperimentalnu grupu su činili oboleli od psorijaze, a kontrolnu grupu ispitanici upućeni na alergološko testiranje pod sumnjom na postojanje kontaktnog alergijskog dermatitisa. Obolelima od psorijaze je ocenjivana težine oboljenja PASI skorom, a svi ispitanici bili su alergološki testirani epikutanim -pač testom. Pozitivni rezultati alergološkog testiranja su analizirani, u cilju utvrđivanja kliničke relevantnosti istih. Ispitanicima u grupi obolelih od psorijaze je testom skarifikacije određivano prisustvo ili odsustvo Koebnerovog izomorfnog podražajnog fenomena. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno, da se kontaktno reagovanje kod obolelih od psorijaze na najmanje jedan standardni alergen nije statistički značajno razlikovalo od reagovanja osoba kod kojih je postavljena sumnja na postojanje kontaktnog alergijskog dermatitisa, ali je senzitivnost izražena kroz prosečan broj pozitivnih testova po jednom ispitaniku bila statistički značajno niža kod obolelih od psorijaze. Poređenjem kontaktnog reagovanja muškaraca i žena nisu utvrđene značajna razlike u reagovanju u odnosu na pol. Težina oboljenja nije uticala na učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije kod obolelih od psorijaze, ali je učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije bila u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa dužinom trajanja bolesti. Niža stopa kontaktnog reagovanja utvrđena je kod osoba obolelih od psorijaze koji su imali pozitivan Koebnerov fenomen u trenutku ispitivanja.<br>Contact sensitization as a state of specific skin reactivity may provoke psoriasis resulting from an interaction between extrinsic and intrinsic factors. One of the most significant factors characterized, as a risk factor, is the sex. The aim of this study was to determinate the frequency and distribution of contact sensitization in patients with psoriasis with respect to their sex, as well as the differences in the distribution of contact sensitization in both sexes, namely with patients with psoriasis and patients suspected to allergic contact dermatitis. Consequently, appropriate attention was paid to the correlation between contact sensitization and disease severity, and between contact sensitization and disease duration. Hypothesis were based on the assumption that allergic contact dermatitis is rare in patients with psoriasis, as a chronic inflammation of the skin reduces its ability specific sensitization, as well as that the higher frequency of contact sensitization in females represent a result of exogenous factors, i.e. exposition, and finally that there is a positive correlation between the incidence of contact sensitization and the disease severity, and contact sensitization and the disease duration. The study included 176 patients. They were divided into two groups: the study group included patients with psoriasis, while the control group included patients referred for allergy testing, since they were suspected to allergic contact dermatitis. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated by PASI score. Thereafter, each patient underwent patch testing. The positive results of patch tests were evaluated with the aim to define their clinical relevancy. Subjects from the group of psoriatic patients passed scarification test carried out to indicate the presence or absence of Köebner isomorphic phenomenon. This research led us to the conclusion that the positive reaction of psoriatic patients to at least one standard allergen did not indicate a statistically significant different reaction when compared to the reaction of patients suspected to allergic contact dermatitis. From the other side, the sensitivity expressed through the average number of positive tests per one tested patients was significantly lower in patients with psoriasis. Comparison of the contact response of men and women showed no significant differences in response with respect to their sex. The disease severity did not influence the frequency of contact sensitization in patients with psoriasis. At the same time, the frequency of contact sensitization stood in a positive correlation with the duration of disease. The lower rate of contact sensitization was found in patients with psoriasis who have had a positive Köebner phenomenon at the time of testing.
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MIRANDA, LEILA F. de. "Estudo de parametros de processo para a sintese de membranas hidrofilicas a base de poli (n-vinil-2-pirrolidona)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10705.
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França, Fagner Alexandre Nunes de. "Ensaios de arrancamento em solo grampeado executados em laboratório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-07122007-102859/.
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Solo grampeado é uma alternativa eficiente utilizada em obras de reforço de solos. É resultante da inclusão de reforços, denominados grampos, em um maciço em corte. A resistência ao cisalhamento da interface solo-grampo é um dos parâmetros mais importantes para fins de projeto. Este parâmetro é determinado a partir da experiência dos projetistas e se baseia principalmente no tipo de solo e em ensaios de campo (arrancamento, sondagens a percussão e pressiométricos). Neste contexto, a realização de ensaios de arrancamento in situ é extremamente importante para a quantificação deste parâmetro e, conseqüentemente, para a elaboração de projetos mais econômicos e seguros. A execução de ensaios de arrancamento em laboratório permite verificar condições muitas vezes não encontradas em campo. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de ensaios de arrancamento de grampos realizados em laboratório. Também foi analisada a evolução da força nos grampos e dos deslocamentos do solo. Os grampos foram instalados em um protótipo de solo grampeado sobre o qual se aplicou uma sobrecarga de 50 kPa através de uma bolsa de ar comprimido. Os ensaios de arrancamento permitiram quantificar valores de resistência ao cisalhamento de interface da ordem de 145 kPa, mobilizados com pequenos deslocamentos dos grampos. O arrancamento de grampos instrumentados indicou que cerca de 90% do comprimento total dos grampos foi solicitado. Ao final dos ensaios de arrancamento, os grampos foram extraídos completamente do maciço de solo o que permitiu comprovar a sua integridade física. Os deslocamentos do solo foram máximos próximo ao topo do protótipo e na direção horizontal. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade de estudar o comportamento do maciço reforçado a partir do comportamento do protótipo de solo grampeado construído em laboratório.<br>Soil nailing is an efficient soil reinforcement technique which uses inclusions, namely nails, in soil slopes. Unit skin friction is one of the most important parameters used in soil nailing design. The definition of this parameter is commonly based on local experience and correlations to some in situ tests. This work presents the results obtained from the pullout test carried out in a soil nailed wall prototype built in laboratory. Forces acting in nails were measured by strain gage instrumentation. Soil displacement was measured in short and long terms. The pullout tests were carried out after the application of a uniform surcharge given by a compressed air bag. The results showed that unit skin friction was about 145 kPa, mobilized with little nail displacements. About 90% of nail length were solicited during pullout tests, according to tests performed in strain gage instrumented nails. Nail extraction showed a high level of nail integrity. Soil displacements were higher close to the wall top, near the face. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using of laboratory prototype studies to investigate the geotechnical behavior of soil nailing structures.
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Mohovic, Juçara Zulli. "Análogos de Asp f 1 (alfa-sarcina, mitogilina e restrictocina) no diagnóstico e estadiamento da aspergilose broncopulmonar alérgica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-24062008-153750/.
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A Aspergilose Broncopulmonar alérgica (ABPA) é uma doença complexa,desencadeada por uma reação de hipersensibilidade ao Aspergillus fumigatus, que apresenta vários estágios, sendo que no estágio mais grave, os pacientes apresentam bronquiectasias. O diagnóstico da doença é difícil e o maior problema é a falta de antígenos padronizados necessários para a determinação de anticorpos específicos. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar se os testes cutâneos com os análogos de Asp f 1 podem auxiliar no diagnóstico e no estadiamento da ABPA. Três grupos de pacientes classificados por testes sorológicos foram obtidos a saber 20 ABPA (16BQ+; 4BQ-), 25 possíveis -ABPA (14BQ+;11BQ-) e 24 asmáticos sem ABPA (11BQ+;13BQ-). Fizeram parte do estudo 10 pessoas sem asma . Todos foram submetidos a testes intradérmicos com três antígenos a-sarcina, mitogilina e estrictocina.Houve uma intensa reação a todos os antígenos e as reações produzidas foram semelhantes para os três antígenos. As reações de leitura tardia positivas à mitogilina foram biopsiadas. As biopsias de 2 (12,5%) dos pacientes BQ+ do grupo ABPA e 5 do grupo ABPA possível com BQ+ (35,6%) mostraram vasculite por depósito de imunocomplexos. 11 pacientes do terceiro grupo não apresentaram vasculite. O quarto grupo não apresentou reação tardia. Todos os pacientes com reação positiva apresentaram BQ+. alfa-sarcina, a mitogilina e a restrictocina diferenciaram pacientes com ABPA por testes intradérmicos e podem ser aplicados no diagnóstico da doença. A maior incidência de bronquiectasias foi encontrada no primeiro grupo (80%) e no segundo (56%). No terceiro grupo nenhum caso foi encontrado em 23 pacientes com asma e teste ID positivo ao aspergillus fumigatus todos os pacientes com vasculite tinham bronquiectasia. Há possibilidade de que as lesões produzidas nos pulmões sejam produzidas por vasculite.<br>Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex disease, triggered by a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus. The disease diagnosis is difficult, and a major problem is the lack of standardized allergens for the determination of specific antibodies. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if intradermal (ID) tests with analogs of Asp f 1 can aid in the diagnosis and stage assessment of abpa. Three groups of patients classified by serological tests were obtained. 20 ABPA (16BQ+; 4BQ-), 25 possible-ABPA (14BQ+; 11BQ-), 24 asthmatic-ABPAfree (11BQ+; 13BQ-) and 10 asthma-free people were submitted to id tests with three antigens: mitogillin, a-sarcin and restrictocin. There was intense reaction to all three antigens and the response was similar. The positive reactions to mitogillin were biopsied. The skin biopsies of two (12,5%) bq+ patients of the first group and 5 BQ+ (35,6%) patients of the second one showed vasculitis by immune complexes (IC) deposition. 11 patients of the third group had negative biopsies. The fourth group didn\'t have late-reaction. All patients with positive reaction were BQ+. By ID test, alfa-sarcin, mitogillin and restrictocin could differentiate patients with abpa and can be applicable in disease diagnosis. The higher incidence of bronchiectasis was found in the first (80%) and second (56%) groups. In the third group, IC wasn\'t found in 23 asthma patients and id test was positive to A. fumigatus. All patients with vasculitis by IC had bronchiectasis. Therefore, the results indicate that this kind of pulmonary lesion is caused by vasculitis.
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Rodrigues, Adriana Teixeira. "Produção local de IgE e outros mediadores imunológicos no lavado nasal dos pacientes com rinite alérgica antes e após a realização de imunoterapia específica com o ácaro Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-09082016-144143/.
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A rinite alérgica (RA) é a mais comum doença mediada por IgE, que afeta aproximadamente 500 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. A RA é a expressão clínica da ligação entre anticorpos do tipo IgE e antígenos na mucosa nasal resultando em inflamação. Estes anticorpos foram detectados na secreção nasal de pacientes com rinite alérgica. Na abordagem da doença, temos a imunoterapia específica (IT) como único tratamento imunomodulatório antígeno específico. Foi demonstrado que IT gera uma diminuição da resposta tardia ao alérgeno tanto na pele como na mucosa do trato respiratório e esta redução se correlaciona com diminuição no número de células infiltrando os tecidos e na quantidade de mediadores inflamatórios. Objetivo: Determinar a resposta local de IgE específica e IgG4 específica no lavado nasal de pacientes com rinite alérgica antes e após o tratamento com imunoterapia alérgeno específica para Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus por um período de 6 meses; determinar a resposta inflamatória padrão Th1/ Th2/ Th17 e avaliar escore de sintomas e contagem de células no lavado nasal. Método: Selecionamos pacientes sensibilizados ao Dermatophagoides pteronissinus com diagnóstico de rinite alérgica persistente. Realizamos as analises de sintomas nasais através da escala NIS e antes de iniciar o tratamento estes indivíduos realizaram provocação nasal com alérgeno e coleta de lavado nasal. Após 6 meses de tratamento IT e placebo estes pacientes foram reavaliados. Realizamos a analise de Imunoglobulinas (IgE especifica para Der p1 e 2, IgE total, e IgG4 especifica para Der p 1), contagem de células totais, citocinas padrão Th1/Th2 e Th17. Resultados: Analisamos 19 pacientes no grupo imunoterapia e 17 no grupo placebo. A avaliação dos sintomas pela escala NIS após 6 meses de intervenção, demonstrou diferença significativa nos grupos placebo e imunoterapia, em favor da IT. A concentração do extrato utilizado na provocação nasal foi maior no grupo imunoterapia após os 6 meses de tratamento mas sem significância estatística. Quanto a dosagem das imunoglobulinas observamos diminuição da IgE total após a intervenção assim como da contagem de células totais no lavado nasal. A dosagem das citocinas livres no lavado nasal não sofreram alterações significativas. Na provocação nasal observamos aumento de IL-13, IL-10 em ambos os grupos, independente da fase de tratamento. Conclusão: Não observamos nenhuma resposta local de IgE específica e IgG4 específica no lavado nasal de pacientes com rinite alérgica antes e após o tratamento com imunoterapia alérgeno específica para Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus por um período de 6 meses. Houve melhora no escore de sintomas e diminuição da IgE total e da contagem de células no lavado nasal<br>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most common disease mediated by IgE, affecting approximately 500 million people worldwide. The AR is the clinical expression of the link between the IgE-antibodies and antigens in the nasal mucosa resulting in inflammation. Such antibodies were detected in nasal secretions of allergic rhinitis patients. As treatment for this morbidity there is specific immunotherapy (IT) as only immunomodulatory specific antigen approach. It was demonstrated that IT generates a decrease in the late response to the allergen both in the skin and in the mucosa of the respiratory tract and this reduction correlates with the decrease in the number of infiltrating cells and in the amount of inflammatory mediators. Objective: To determine the local response of specific IgE and IgG4 in nasal lavage fluids of patients with allergic rhinitis before and after treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy to house dust mite for a period of 6 months; determine the standard inflammatory response of Th1 / Th2 / Th17 and evaluate symptom score and cell counts in nasal lavage. Method: We selected patients sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronissinus diagnosed with persistent allergic rhinitis. Nasal symptoms were assessed by Nasal Index Score, and before treatment, allergen nasal challenge and collection of nasal lavage fluid were performed. After 6 months of treatment or placebo, the patients were reevaluated. IgE specific for Der p 1 and 2, total IgE and IgG4 specific for Der p 1, total cell count were determined as well as Th1 / Th2 and Th17 cytokines. Results: We analyzed 19 patients in the immunotherapy group and 17 in the placebo group. The evaluation of symptoms by NIS scale after 6 months of intervention showed significant differences in favor of the immunotherapy group. The concentration of the extract used in the nasal challenge was higher in the immunotherapy group after 6 months of treatment but without statistical significance. The total IgE decreased after the intervention as well as the total cell count in nasal lavage. The dosage of the free cytokines in nasal lavage fluid did not change significantly. In the nasal provocation we observe an increasing in IL-13 and IL-10 in both treatment groups. Conclusion: We observed no local changes in specific IgG4 or specific IgE response in nasal lavage fluid of patients with allergic rhinitis before and after treatment with specific allergen immunotherapy to house dust mite for a period of 6 months. There was an improvement in symptom scores and a decreased of total IgE and cell counts in nasal lavage
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Sjögren, Florence. "Dermal cell trafficking : from microscopy to microdialysis /." Linköping : Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/med883s.pdf.
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Souza, Flavia Rabelo Frayha de. "Avaliação do teste de contato atópico na alergia ao leite de vaca IgE mediada e nas doenças eosinofílicas ao trato digestório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-04042012-094129/.
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Objetivo: Avaliar o teste de contato atópico (TCA) em pacientes com alergia ao leite de vaca (APLV) IgE mediada - grupo 1 e naqueles com doenças eosinofílicas do trato digestório (DETD) - grupo 2, comparando os extratos de leite de vaca (LV) a 20% com o leite in natura, o tempo ideal de oclusão do teste e o valor preditivo positivo do TCA na identificação do leite como desencadeante no grupo 2, avaliada pela melhora clinica e endoscópica após dieta de restrição. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, com avaliação de 45 pacientes e 9 controles. O grupo 1 (n=15) com APLV IgE mediada foram diagnosticados pelo teste de provocação e prick teste positivo para LV e o grupo 2 (n=30) pela biópsia mostrando esofagite eosinofílica (15 eosinófilos/cga) ou enterocolite eosinofílica (>20 eosinófilos/cga), prick teste positivo para LV (n=15) e sintomas desencadeados pelo leite. O grupo 3 (n=9) incluiu pacientes com exclusão do diagnóstico de APLV. Utilizou-se câmaras de 12mm e LV in natura e LV a 20% como extratos ( IPI ASAC, Espanha). Os tempos de leitura foram de 24, 48 e 72 horas e considerou-se como TCA positivo, a presença de hiperemia com infiltração e formação de pápulas ou vesículas. Para avaliação do valor preditivo positivo do TCA, considerou-se pacientes com DETD com sintomas associados ao leite, sem melhora com tratamento adequado, IgE específica ao LV e melhora clínica e histológica com a instituição da dieta de restrição. Resultados: Considerando ambos os extratos, houve semelhança quanto à frequência de positividade do TCA nos três tempos de leitura em ambas situações clínicas. Com relação à concordância entre os tempos de leitura do TCA com ambos extratos, observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tempo de 24 hs com aqueles de 48 e 72hs (p=0,031 em ambas comparações), o mesmo não ocorrendo entre o tempo de 48 e 72hs tanto na APLV como nas DETD. Isoladamente, o LV a 20% mostrou comportamento semelhante em ambas as doenças, com diferença entre o tempo de 24 e aqueles de 48 (p=0,031 / 0,000) e 72hs (p=0,031/ 0,002) respectivamente na APLV e DETD. O extrato de leite in natura nos pacientes com APLV não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os tempos avaliados, enquanto nos pacientes com DETD observou-se diferença entre 24 hs e os tempos de 48hs (p=0,003) e 72hs (p=0,003). A restrição dietética do leite naqueles pacientes com DETD e TCA positivo foi associada à melhora clínica em 80% dos pacientes e associação com melhora histológica em 65% destes. Conclusões: O TCA utilizando tanto LV in natura como extrato LV a 20%, com leitura após 48 ou 72hs da sua aplicação mostrou-se útil na identificação de pacientes com DETD desencadeada pelo LV. A instituição de dieta restrita neste alimento contribuiu para a melhora dos sintomas e para a redução do número de eosinófilos na biópsia de controle<br>Objective: To evaluate the atopic patch test (APT) in IgE mediated cow\'s milk allergic patients (CMA) - Group 1 and those with gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases (GED) - Group 2, comparing extracts of cow\'s milk (CM) 20% protein concentration and fresh milk, the optimal time reading and the positive predictive value of APT in the identification of milk as a trigger food in the group 2, as assessed by clinical and endoscopic improvement after dietary restriction. Methods: Cross-sectional study with evaluation of 45 patients and 9 controls. The group 1 (n = 15) with IgE-mediated CMA was diagnosed by provocation test and positive skin prick test for CM in all patients and group 2 (n = 30) by biopsy showing eosinophilic esophagitis ( 15 eosinophils / hpf) or eosinophilic enterocolitis (> 20 eosinophils / hpf ), prick test positive for CM (n = 15) and symptoms triggered by milk. Group 3 (n = 9) included patients which CMA was excluded. It was used 12mm a plastic chamber of inert material, and as extracts the fresh milk and CM at 20% (IPI ASAC, Spain). The reading times were 24, 48 and 72 hours and was considered as APT positive, the presence of hyperemia with infiltration and papules or vesicles. To evaluate the positive predictive value of the APT, it was considered GED patients with symptoms associated to milk, no response to treatment, specific IgE to CM and clinical and histological improvement after the restricted diet institution. Results: Considering both extract, there was similarity in the frequency of positive APT evaluating all the reading times in both clinical situations. Regarding the agreement between the reading times with both extracts, there was a statistically significant difference between the time of 24 hours with those of 48 and 72 hours (p = 0.031 for both comparisons). This fact was not observed between the time of 48 and 72 hours in both diseases. The CM 20% extract showed a similar pattern in both diseases, with difference between the reading time of 24 with the 48 hours (p = 0.031/0.000) and 72 hours (p = 0.031/ 0.002) respectively in both diseases. The fresh milk extract in CMA patients showed no statistically significant difference between the reading times evaluated, while in GED patients it was observed difference between 24 hours with the time of 48 hours (p = 0.003) and 72 hours (p = 0.003). The milk restricted diet for GED patients with positive APT was associated to clinical improvement in 80% of patients and in both clinical and histological response in 65% of them. Conclusions: The APT using both fresh CM and CM 20% extract with reading time of 48 or 72 hours showed useful in identifying GED patients triggered by CM. The establishment of milk restricted diet contributed to the improvement of symptoms and to reduce the number of eosinophils in the control biopsy
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Bisaccioni, Carla. "Reatividade clínica em pacientes com asma sensibilizados aos ácaros Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus e Blomia tropicalis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-09102013-152451/.
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A asma é uma doença crônica inflamatória das vias aéreas, de importância mundial pela sua elevada prevalência, com considerável impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Dentre os diferentes fenótipos de asma, a asma alérgica constitui a maioria dos casos. Dentre os diferentes desencadeantes de exacerbações na asma, os aeroalérgenos têm papel de destaque, sendo os ácaros o grupo mais importante e prevalente. Entre os ácaros, os mais relevantes para estudo são o Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) e a Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), com importância significativa nos países tropicais. Pacientes podem ser sensibilizados a esses dois ácaros ou a um deles somente, mas a positividade do teste in vivo ou in vitro não significa reatividade clínica e que haja concordância com o alérgeno relevante para o desencadeamento dos sintomas. A reatividade cruzada entre esses dois ácaros vem sendo estudada. In vivo, há poucos trabalhos demonstrando a reatividade cruzada entre Der p e Blo t e analisando a correlação entre os testes cutâneos e os de provocação brônquica. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a reatividade clínica em pacientes com asma sensibilizados a ambos os ácaros, Der p e Blo t. Para isso, pacientes com asma do Ambulatório do Serviço de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia do HC-FMUSP foram selecionados. Broncoprovocações específicas foram realizadas com os dois ácaros, em diferentes momentos. Dezoito pacientes com asma foram selecionados, e trinta e seis provocações foram realizadas. Todas as provocações com o ácaro Der p foram positivas. Em relação à Blo t, o resultado foi positivo em 93% dos testes. No presente estudo, houve concordância na maioria dos casos entre a presença de sensibilização aos ácaros estudados e a positividade na boncoprovocação. Portanto, as sensibilizações aos ácaros identificados no teste cutâneo são relevantes para o desencadeamento dos sintomas de asma nesses pacientes<br>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of global importance due to its high prevalence, with considerable impact on quality of life of patients. Among the different phenotypes of asthma, allergic asthma constitutes the majority of cases. Among the different triggers of asthma exacerbations, aeroallergens have the leading role, being mites group more important and prevalent. Among the mites, the most relevant to the study are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), with significant importance in tropical countries. Patients can be sensitive to these two mites or only one of them, but the positivity of test in vivo or in vitro clinical reactivity and does not mean that there is agreement with the relevant allergen for the triggering of symptoms. The cross-reactivity between these two mites has been studied. In vivo, there are few studies demonstrating the cross-reactivity between Der p and Blo t analyzing the correlation between skin tests and bronchial provocation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical reactivity in patients with asthma sensitized to both house dust mites, Der p and Blo t. For this reason, patients with asthma, Ambulatory Service of Clinical Immunology and Allergy HCFMUSP were selected. Specific bronchial provocation tests were performed with both mites at different times. Eighteen patients with asthma were selected, and thirty-six provocations were performed. All provocations with the mite Der p were positive. Regarding Blo t, the result was positive in 93% of tests. In the present study, there was agreement in most cases between the presence of sensitization to mites and positivity in bronchial provocation test. Therefore, sensitization to mites in skin test identified is relevant to the triggering of asthma symptoms in these patients
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Malaman, Maria Fernanda. "Avaliação diagnóstica do exantema máculo-papular e urticária tardia induzidos por antibióticos beta-lactâmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-17102014-123017/.
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Os antibióticos beta-lactâmicos, principalmente as aminopenicilinas (ampicilina e amoxicilina) são causa freqüente de exantema maculo papular e urticária tardia em pacientes tratados com estes medicamentos. Entretanto, a falta de métodos para diagnóstico destas reações constitui uma lacuna na abordagem destes indivíduos. Objetivos: Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinara a freqüência e significância de testes cutâneos positivos em pacientes com história de exantema maculo-papular e urticária tardias induzidos por antibióticos beta-lactâmicos e determinar a sensibilidade e especificade dos testes diagnósticos in vitro para o diagnóstico de alergia a drogas: proliferação linfocitária e dosagem de citocinas no sobrenadante da cultura linfocitária.. Métodos: Os pacientes foram submetidos à dosagem de IgE específica para os seguintes determinantes: benzilpeniciloil, amoxiciloil e ampiciloil. Testes cutâneos de puntura e intradérmico com benzilpeniciloil polilisina, mistura de determinantes menores da penicilina, benzilpenicilina (10.000 UI/ml), amoxicilina (2 mg/ml) e ampicilina (2mg/ml) foram realizados em todos os pacientes com leituras após 20 minutos, 48 horas e 72 horas. Foi realizado teste de contato com os mesmos medicamentos (amoxicilina 5%, ampicilina 5% e penicilina G 5000UI/g de vaselina sólida). Todos os testes foram feitos em duplicata com controles positivo e negativo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a proliferação linfocitária (incorporação de timidina triciada) e dosagem de citocinas no sobrenadante da cultura (IL-5, IFN-gama e TNF- 17 alfa) através de ELISA. Resultados: Foram estudados 20 pacientes e 15 controles. Nenhum dos pacientes ou controles apresentou teste cutâneo de leitura imediata positivo. Três pacientes reagiram positivamente aos testes cutâneos de leitura tardia nas leituras de 48 e 72 horas. Não houve nenhum resultado positivo dos testes cutâneos no grupo controle. A proliferação linfocitária mostrou-se positiva em somente 2 controles (13%) e 10 pacientes (50%). A sensibilidade dos experimentos de proliferações linfocitária variou entre 25% com penicilina na concentração de 250 ?g/ml até 55% com ampicilina 1000 ?g/ml. Sua especificidade foi de 80% a 100%. Conclusão: os testes cutâneos de leitura tardia não constituíram métodos diagnósticos eficazes para as reações tardias aos antibióticos beta-lactâmicos. A proliferação linfocitária apresentou baixa sensibilidade, porém, alta especificidade para o diagnóstico das mesmas reações. A detecção de IFN-gama e IL-5 evidenciaram alta especificidade e baixa sensibilidade, enquanto a dosagem de TNF-alfa mostrou-se altamente sensível (95%), porém, pouco específica (40%)<br>The beta-lactam antibiotic, mainly aminopenicillins: ampicillin (AMP) and amoxicillin (AMX), are frequently cited as causes of morbiliforme eruptions and late onset urticaria. A major problem with existing data on beta-lactam reactions of the delayed type includes a lack of standardized testing methods. Objectives: The goal of this study is to establish the frequency and significance of positive skin testing in patients with history of beta-lactam induced maculo-papular exanthema and late onset urticaria and the sensibility/specificity of in vitro tests for drug allergy investigation: lymphocyte proliferation assay and cytokine detection. Methods: Patients were submitted to complete penicillin (PEN) allergy test: specific detection for serum IgE antibody to benzyl penicilloyl polylysine, amoxicilloyl polylysine and ampicilloyl polylysine; puncture and intradermal skin test with benzyl penicilloyl polylysine and minor determinants mixture, benzylpenicillin (10.000 UI/ml), amoxicillin (2mg/ml), ampicillin (2mg/ml) were performed and read at 20 minutes, 48hours and 72 hours. All patients had epicutaneous patch testing done with the same drugs (5% amoxicillin, 5% ampicillin and 5000 IU/g penicillin G all in petrolatum). All tests were performed in duplicate with positive and negative controls. All subjects had blood collected for lymphocyte proliferation assay (H3-thymidine incorporation assay) and IL-5, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma profile were analyzed in culture supernatant by ELISA. Results: None of the patients or controls had positive immediated skin test. Only three patients reacted positively to the 48 and 72 hours 15 reading of intradermal skin test and patch test with the same reagents. There was no positive skin test result among the control group. The lymphocyte proliferation test (LTT) was positive in only two control subjects, while in the study group, 10 patients had positive proliferation tests (50%). The LTT sensitivity varied from 25% to 55% depending on the drug and concentration tested. The specificity ranged from 80% to 100%. IFN-gamma and IL-5 detection had a high specificity, but low sensitivity, while TNF-alpha showed high sensitivity (95%) and low specificity (40%)
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Janefjord, Camilla. "Th1, Th2 and Treg associated factors in relation to allergy." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2006/med947s.pdf.
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Almeida, Viviane Correia Campos. "Frequência de doenças infecciosas e avaliação da resposta imune celular e humoral em adultos não tratados com deficiência congênita e isolada de GH." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3611.
Full textAbstract:
GH is important for the development and function of the immune system, but there is
controversy on whether GH deficiency (GHD) is associated to immune disorders. A model of
isolated GHD (IGHD), without others deficits or hormones replacement, may exclude if the
lack of GH is associated with increased susceptibility to infections or with an altered
responsiveness of the immune response. Our objective was to study the frequency of
infectious diseases and the cellular and humoral immune response in adults with congenital,
untreated IGHD. The study was performed in two steps: in the first, a cross-sectional study,
35 adults IGHD due to a homozygous mutation in the GHRH receptor gene and 31 controls
were submitted to a clinical questionnaire to evaluate past and current history of infectious
diseases, physical examination, and serology for tripanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, HIV, tetanus,
hepatitis B and C. The only exclusion criterion for this first step was age less than 20 years
old. In the second step, a study of cases with a control group for comparison of immune
cellular and humoral response between the groups. The exclusion criteria were age less than
20 and more than 65 years old; diagnosis of HIV, infection or acute diseases; history of
malignancies; autoimmune diseases; glucocorticoid and anti-allergic medications use; or
current pregnancy. The immune response was evaluated in a subset of these subjects by serum
total IgG, IgM, IgE and IgA measurement, skin tests (Protein Purified Derived (PPD),
streptokinase and candidin), and response to vaccination for hepatitis B and tetanus (in
individuals with negative serology), and to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in subjects nonreactive
to PPD. There was no difference between the groups in history of infectious diseases
and baseline serologic data. IGHD subjects had lower total IgG, but within normal range, and
a smaller induration diameter in streptokinase skin test, but no difference in the frequency of
positivity to streptokinase (IGHD 2 in 21; controls 5 in 20). There was no difference in the
positivity to PPD (IGHD 4 in 24; controls 10 in 28) and to candidin (IGHD 3 in 21; controls 1
in 19), or in the response to any of the vaccinations between the groups. The controls had a
higher frequency of one positive skin test. In conclusion, adult untreated IGHD did not
present an increased frequency of infections or significant alterations in the immunological
tests, but we found lower total IgG levels and lower positivity to at least one skin test, without
detectable clinical impact.<br>O hormônio do crescimento (GH) é importante para o desenvolvimento e função do
sistema imunológico, mas há controvérsias se a deficiência do GH (DGH) é associada a
distúrbios imunes. Um modelo de deficiência isolada do GH (DIGH), sem outros déficits ou
reposições hormonais, excluiria efeitos confundidores na análise das ações do GH na
imunidade, podendo esclarecer se a ausência do GH é associada a uma maior susceptibilidade
a infecções ou a uma alteração na resposta imunológica. Nosso objetivo foi estudar a
frequência de doenças infecciosas e a resposta imune celular e humoral em adultos com
DIGH congênita e não tratada. O estudo foi realizado em duas partes: na primeira, estudo
transversal com 35 adultos DIGH devido à mutação homozigótica (C.57 + 1G > A) no gene
do receptor do hormônio liberador do GH (GHRH) e 31 controles, que foram submetidos a
um questionário clínico para avaliar a história prévia e atual de doenças infecciosas, exame
físico e foram dosadas as sorologias para doença de Chagas, leishmaniose, HIV, tétano,
hepatites B e C. O único critério de exclusão para esta primeira etapa foi ter menos de 20 anos
de idade. Na segunda parte, foi feito um estudo de casos com grupo controle para comparação
da resposta imunológica celular e humoral entre os grupos. Os critérios de exclusão foram ter
menos do que 20 e mais do que 65 anos de idade, diagnóstico de HIV, infecções agudas,
malignidades, doenças autoimunes como artrite reumatóide, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, uso
de medicações antialérgicas e glicocorticóides ou condições como gravidez. A resposta imune
foi avaliada em um subgrupo destes indivíduos através das dosagens das imunoglobulinas
séricas: IgG total, IgA, IgE e IgM, de testes cutâneos (Derivado Proteico Purificado (PPD),
estreptoquinase e candidina), e da resposta à vacinação para hepatite B e tétano (nos
indivíduos com sorologia negativa) e ao bacilo Calmette-Guérin (BCG), nos indivíduos que
tivessem PPD negativo. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na história de doenças
infecciosas e dados sorológicos basais. Indivíduos com DIGH apresentaram menores níveis
de IgG total, mas dentro da variação normal e menor diâmetro da induração no teste cutâneo
com estreptoquinase, embora sem diferença na positividade a este teste (DIGH 2 em 21;
controles 5 em 20). Também não houve diferença na positividade ao PPD (DIGH 4 em 24;
controles 10 em 28) e à candidina (DIGH 3 em 21; controles 1 em 19) nem na resposta às
vacinações entre os grupos. Os controles tiveram uma maior frequência de um teste cutâneo
positivo. Em conclusão, adultos com DIGH não tratada não apresentaram uma maior
frequência de infecções ou alterações significantes nos testes imunológicos, mas apresentaram
menores níveis de IgG total e menor positividade a pelo menos um teste cutâneo, embora sem
impacto clínico.
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Grives, Sophie. "Etude de la toxicité in vitro et de l'efficacité ex vivo et in vivo de formes galéniques de calixarène développées pour le traitement des contaminations cutanées dues à des composés d'uranium." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114815/document.
Full textAbstract:
En cas de contamination cutanée radiologique par des composés d’uranium, les seuls traitements actuellement employés consistent en un rinçage de la zone contaminée par de l’eau et des détergents, ou par une solution de sel calcique de l’acide diéthylène-triamine-pentaacétique (Ca-DTPA). Ces derniers ne sont cependant pas efficaces vis-à-vis de l'uranium. De plus, en l'absence de traitement d'urgence, le passage transcutané de ce radionucléide est rapide, et induit une exposition interne après sa distribution dans l’organisme par le biais de la circulation sanguine. Une partie de l'uranium ainsi biodisponible est alors stockée dans les organes cibles que sont principalement les reins et le squelette, où ses effets toxiques se manifestent. C'est pourquoi une formulation topique consistant en une nanoémulsion huile dans eau, incorporant des molécules de calixarène tricarboxylique en tant qu'agent chélatant spécifique de l'uranium, a été initialement développée. Les travaux menés dans le cadre de cette thèse visent à évaluer l'efficacité de décontamination ex vivo et in vivo de ce nouveau traitement d'urgence à la fois sur peaux intactes et sur peaux lésées superficiellement. Pour cela, le modèle d'excoriation a été utilisé. Des modèles de lésions reproductibles ont également été mis en place afin de mimer des incisions par micro-piqûres et microcoupures. Ces études démontrent que la nanoémulsion de calixarène pourrait constituer un traitement de décontamination efficace, moins agressif que l’emploi de l’eau savonneuse actuellement employée. Sa potentielle toxicité cutanée a également été évaluée in vitro par l'utilisation d'épiderme humain reconstitué, combinée à trois différents tests de toxicité (MTT, LDH et IL-1-α). Dans le cadre de ces études, il a ainsi été démontré que la nanoémulsion de calixarène n’induit pas de toxicité cutanée, même après un temps de contact prolongé jusqu'à 24 h<br>In case of radiological skin contamination by uranium compounds, the only treatments currently available consist in rinsing the contaminated skin area with water and detergent, or with a calcium salt of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Ca-DTPA) solution. However, these procedures are not specific and no efficient treatment for cutaneous contamination due to uranium exists. In the absence of such treatments, uranium diffusion through the skin is fast, inducing an internal exposure after its distribution inside the body through the bloodstream. One part of the bioavalaible uranium is uptaken in target organs which are the kidneys and the skeleton, where its toxic effects occur. Therefore a topical formulation consisting of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion incorporating a tricarboxylic calixarene molecule, as a specific chelating agent for uranium, was previously developed. The work achieved in this thesis aimed at evaluating the ex vivo and in vivo decontamination efficiency of this new emergency treatment on intact and superficially wounded skin. For this purpose, skin excoriation model was used. Reproducible models of superficial wounds consisting of micro-cuts and micro-punctures were also developed in order to evaluate the efficiency of the nanoemulsion on physical wounds such as incisions. These studies showed that the calixarene nanoemulsion could be an efficient decontaminant treatment, less aggressive than using the current treatment: soaped water. Its potential cutaneous toxicity was evaluated on in vitro reconstructed human epidermis using three different toxicity tests (MTT, LDH and IL-1-α). These studies demonstrated that the calixarene nanoemulsion did not induce skin toxicity even after 24 h of exposure time
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George, Maryan. "Adrenaline releases level on skin-to skin touches." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19090.
Full textAbstract:
Human pleasant touches promote feelings of security, supportiveness, and wellbeing. Conversely, human unpleasant touches promote the body for either “fight or flight” or “short term acute stress” during emergencies, feeling of stress or danger. The promoted stress response is released from the hypothalamus by the sympathetic nerve system further to the spinal cord to reach the signals to the adrenal medulla, where stress hormones adrenaline is released. Adrenaline, which is characterized by a mimic sympathetic nerve system, interacts with α and β receptors on different organs. The aim for this study was to investigate whether the stroker (partner/stranger) touch effects on adrenaline hormone releases. The null hypothesis for this study entails a significant adrenaline reduction in partners’ touches compared with strangers’ touches. Indirect competitive ELISA method was used, and concentration data of a total of sixteen participants was obtained. Whitney-U test was carried out to compare group differences within stroker (stranger/partner) touches and adrenaline releasing level. In addition, correlation in adrenaline with noradrenaline and oxytocin hormones was obtained using Spearman’s correlation test. The significant p-value 0.05 was conducted. The result of this study showed no differences between stroker (partner/stranger) associated with adrenaline hormone release. Correlation between partner maximum (max) concentration data for both oxytocin and adrenaline had significant differences. However, max variables for adrenaline and noradrenaline within stroker did not show significant differences. The conclusion of this study is that the gentle touch stimulus used in this study was not enough to detect stress hormone in adrenaline.
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Belyadi, Abbas. "Analysis of single-point test to determine skin factor." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4881.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 52 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-28).
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Almeida, Ana Laura Mendes. "Avaliação objetiva de teste cutâneo de leitura imediata (skin prick test) através de métodos planimétricos por imagem, e termometria da reação." Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192466.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Rafael Plana Simões<br>Abstract: The skin prick test is used to diagnose patients' sensitization to antigens through a mediated IgE response. It is a practical and quick exam, but its diagnosis depends of instruments for measuring the allergic response and observer's interpretation. The conventional method for inferring about the allergic reaction is performed from the dimensions of the papules, which are measured using a ruler or a caliper. To make this diagnosis less dependent of human interpretation, the present study proposes two alternative methods to infer about the allergic reaction: computational analysis of the papule area and a study of the temperature variation of the patient's skin in the puncture region. For this purpose, the histamine prick test was performed on 13 patients random selected. The areas were determined by the conventional method using the dimensions of the papules measured with a digital caliper 30 minutes after the puncture. The papule areas were also determined by a Python algorithm using photos of the puncture region obtained by a smartphone. A variable named circularity deviation was also determined for each analyzed papule. The temperature variation was monitored using an infrared temperature sensor, which collected temperature data for 30 minutes. The results shown that the areas considered as real papule areas (computationally determined) differed significantly from the areas determined by the conventional method (p-value = 0.0005674), especially when the papules' contours ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Resumo: O teste cutâneo de leitura imediata (skin prick test) é utilizado para avaliar a sensibilização de pacientes a antígenos à partir de uma resposta mediada por IgE. Tratase de um exame prático e rápido, porém o seu diagnóstico depende de instrumentos para a medição da resposta alérgica e de intepretação do observador. O método convencional para inferir sobre a reação alérgica é realizado a partir de dimensões das pápulas determinadas com régua ou paquímetro. Para tornar o diagnóstico menos dependente de interpretação humana, o presente estudo propõe dois métodos alternativos para inferir sobre a reação alérgica: análise computacional da área da pápula e um estudo da variação da temperatura da pele do paciente na região de puntura. Para isso foi realizado o prick test com histamina em 13 participantes selecionados aleatoriamente. A determinação da área pelo método convencional foi realizada a partir de dimensões das pápulas medidas com paquímetro digital 30 minutos após a puntura. A área também foi determinada utilizando um algoritmo computacional em linguagem Python a partir de fotografia da região de puntura obtida com o uso de um smartphone. Também foi determinada uma grandeza denominada desvio de circularidade para cada pápula analisada. Por final, a variação da temperatura da região de puntura foi monitorada utilizando um sensor infravermelho de temperatura, o qual coletou dados de temperatura durante 30 minutos. Os resultados mostram que as áreas consideradas como áreas re... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Mestre
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Tilley, Paula Alexandra Botelho Garcia de Andrade Pimenta. "Contribution to the staging and immunological study of equine recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3771.
Full textAbstract:
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias especialidade de Clínica<br>Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is one of the most frequent lung diseases in
horses and is similar to human asthma.
We characterized equine RAO differential diagnosis (DD) in horses with long term
cough and established a parallel between the DD in equine RAO and in human
asthma. We correlated clinical, endoscopic, thoracic X-ray and bronchoalveolar
lavage fluid scores in horses with RAO to establish relevance of each factor for the
characterization of RAO stages in order to suggest a staging method. Cardiovascular
effects of RAO were assessed. We also evaluated the response to skin prick tests
(SPT) and in vitro allergy tests with common aeroallergens in horses with RAO and
characterized RAO in Portugal by identifying relevant allergic factors.
The importance of a thorough diagnosis is emphasized, including BAL and respiratory
endoscopy, and a DD parallel is made with vocal cord dysfunction in man. A score
model for the characterization of RAO stages is suggested. The first ECG and EcoCG
values for Lusitano/Lusitano-cross horses are published with subtle changes in the
RAO group. In this highly selected population immediate aeroallergen hypersensitivity
was significant, allergy being a probable aetiopathogenic mechanism in all RAO
group horses.<br>RESUMO -
A Obstrução recorrente das Vias Aéreas (ORVA) é uma das patologias pulmonares
mais frequentes no cavalo, semelhante à asma humana.
Caracterizámos o diagnóstico diferencial (DD) de ORVA equina em cavalos com
tosse de longa duração e avaliamos o paralelismo entre o DD na ORVA equina e na
asma humana. Correlacionámos “scores” clínicos, endoscópicos, radiológicos do
toráx e da lavagem bronco-alveolar em cavalos com ORVA, para estabelecer a
relevância de cada factor na caracterização de estádios de ORVA de forma a sugerir
um método de estadiamento. Foram estudados efeitos cardiovasculares da ORVA.
Avaliamos a resposta aos testes cutâneos por picada e a testes de alergia in vitro
com aeroalergenos comuns em cavalos com ORVA e caracterizamos a ORVA em
Portugal.
É dada ênfase à importância de efectuar um diagnóstico preciso, envolvendo
lavagem bronco-alveolar e endoscopia de aparelho respiratório, e é estabelecido um
paralelo do DD com a disfunção das cordas vocais no Homem. É sugerido um
modelo de estadiamento da ORVA. São publicados os primeiros valores de ECG e
ecocardiograma para cavalos Lusitanos/cruzados de Lusitano, com variações subtis
no grupo ORVA. Nesta população altamente seleccionada a hipersensibilidade
imediata a aeroalergenos revelou-se significativa, sendo a alergia um mecanismo
etiopatogenico provável em todos os cavalos do grupo ORVA.<br>CIISA (Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal)
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Al, Mutairi Fahad M. "Evaluation of skin factor from single-rate gas well test." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6047.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 75 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-43).
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Tonolli, Paulo Newton. "Photosensitization of Lipofuscin in Skin Keratinocytes: Effect of Visible Light on Human Skin." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-12122018-114252/.
Full textAbstract:
Lipofuscin is an autofluorescent pigment progressively accumulated during cellular aging, in several tissues, such as heart, muscle and retina, especially in the postmitotic period. That phenomenon may result from oxidative stress, when biomolecules and organelles (mainly mitochondria) are damaged, generating non-degradable products inside lysosomes. Lipofuscin can be photosensitized, promoting photoxidative processes in cellular components. Many studies on lipofuscin were made using the human retinal pigment epithelial cells, but very little is known about lipofuscin from human skin. In this work we investigated the photoinduced formation (UVA and visible light) of lipofuscin and the consequence of its photosensitization by visible light. We also established an efficient protocol for the induction of lipofuscinogenesis, through specific damage in mitochondria and lysosomes. Cells that accumulated lipofuscin, after exposure to UVA and blue light, became sensitive to visible light (400-750 nm). We characterized the absorption and fluorescence emission of lipofuscin, as well as its fluorescence lifetime through the time resolved fluorescence microscopy (FLIM). We observed that lipofuscin in keratinocytes has absorption maximum in the blue region of light spectrum (420-450 nm), and maximum emission in the red. When photosensitized at 466 nm, lipofuscinloaded HaCaT cells had reduced cell viability, which was related with singlet oxygen generation, accumulated 8-oxo-dG premutagenic lesions and breaks in the DNA strand. Besides, we investigated the efficiency of different wavelengthsin visible light spectrum (408, 466, 522 and 650 nm) to promote lipofuscin formation due to damages in both mitochondria and lysosomes. Blue (408 and 466 nm) and green light (522 nm), but not red light (650 nm), promoted damage in mitochondria (membrane and DNA integrity) and lysosomes (membrane integrity and autophagic activity), effectively inducing lipofuscinogenesis. Thus, in addition to UVA, visible spectrum itself increases the sensitivity of keratinocytes to the visible light, through the generation of lipofuscin. Finally, we tested the carcinogenic potential of high-energy blue light (408 nm), by chronically irradiating HaCaT cells. For the first time in the literature, the formation of pyrimidine cyclobutane (CPD) dimers in the nuclear DNA of HaCaT cells was observed immediately or after several cycles of irradiation at 408 nm. We identified four major changes involved with the process of malignant transformation: genomic instability, decrease in the expression of tumor suppressor protein p16INK4a, increase in the proliferation rate and resistance to UVA-induced apoptosis<br>A lipofuscina é um pigmento autofluorescente acumulado progressivamente durante o envelhecimento celular em diversos tecidos, como o músculo cardíaco e retina, principalmente no período pós-mitótico. Esse fenômeno pode ocorrer em decorrência do estresse oxidativo, quando biomoléculas e organelas (principalmente mitocôndrias) sofrem danos, gerando produtos não degradáveis no interior dos lisossomos. A lipofuscina pode ser fotossensibilizada promovendo processos fotoxidativos nos componentes celulares. Muitos estudos de lipofuscina foram feitos em células do epitélio pigmentar da retina de olho humano, mas conhece-se muito pouco sobre a lipofuscina de pele humana. Neste trabalho nós investigamos a formação fotoinduzida (UVA e luz visível) de lipofuscina e as consequências da sua fotossensibilização pela luz visível. Nós também estabelecemos protocolos eficazes na indução de lipofuscinogênese, por meio de dano específico em mitocôndrias e lisossomos. Células que acumularam lipofuscina, após exposição à UVA ou luz azul, tornaram-se sensíveis à luz visível (400-750 nm). Caracterizamos as propriedades de absorção e de emissão da lipofuscina e seu tempo de vida de fluorescência, utilizando a microscopia de fluorescência resolvida no tempo (FLIM). Observamos que lipofuscina em queratinócitos tem máximo de absorção na região do azul (420-450 nm), com emissão máxima de fluorescência no vermelho. As células HaCaT carregadas com lipofuscina efotossensibilizadas no visível, tiveram redução da viabilidade celular, que foi relacionada com a geração de oxigênio singlete, bem como acumularam lesões pré-mutagênicas 8-oxo-dG e quebras na fita de DNA. Também, investigamos a eficiência de diferentes comprimentos de onda da luz visível (408, 466, 522 e 650 nm) em promover a formação de lipofuscina em consequência de lesões em mitocôndrias e lisossomos. Tanto a luz azul (408 e 466 nm) quanto a luz verde (522 nm), mas não vermelha (650 nm) promoveram dano em mitocôndrias (integridade de membrana e DNA) e lisossomos (integridade de membrana e atividade autofágica), induzindo eficientemente lipofuscinogênese. Logo, além de UVA, o próprio espectro do visível aumenta a sensibilidade de queratinócitos à luz visível, através da geração de lipofuscina. Por fim, testamos o potencial carcinogênico da luz azul de alta energia (408 nm), irradiando células HaCaT cronicamente. Identificamos quatro mudanças principais envolvidas com o processo de transformação maligna: instabilidade genômica, redução da expressão de proteína supressora de tumor p16INK4a, aumento da taxa de proliferação, e resistência à apoptose. Além disso, a formação de dímeros de pirimidina ciclobutano (CPD) no DNA nuclear de células HaCaT logo após ou depois de vários ciclos de irradiação com 408 nm foi observada pela primeira vez na literatura.
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França, Flavia Aparecida de Moraes. "Teste tuberculínico: comparação de dois instrumentos de leitura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-17052012-104258/.
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Introdução- A busca ativa de indivíduos infectados pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, com o auxílio do teste tuberculínico, principalmente em populações de detentos, moradores de rua, infectados pelo vírus do HIV entre outras, tem como objetivo prevenir a evolução da infecção para a doença tuberculose e auxiliar o conhecimento de novos casos da doença. O teste tuberculínico é uma importante ferramenta, para identificar os indivíduos reatores (infectados) e não reatores (não infectados). Ele pode ser aplicado a partir de várias técnicas, mas a que permite a padronização e a comparação dos resultados é a técnica intradérmica de Mantoux, a mais usada atualmente. No Brasil, a leitura do resultado do teste tuberculínico é realizada, por recomendação do Ministério de Saúde, com régua milimetrada. Para seu uso é necessário um treinamento rigoroso, o que tem contribuído para a diminuição de leitores do teste tuberculínico na rotina dos serviços de saúde. Como alternativa temos outro instrumento, paquímetro, ainda não padronizado no Brasil. Outros países o utilizam nas rotinas dos serviços de saúde para busca de indivíduos reatores ou não ao teste tuberculínico, ele não cabe para aferição ou inquéritos epidemiológicos. Objetivo- Comparar os instrumentos de leitura dos resultados do teste tuberculínico obtidos através da leitura padronizada, feita por régua milimetrada, e a leitura, não padronizada, feita por paquímetro. Métodos- Estudo descritivo realizado numa população prisional de uma Penitenciária e de um Centro de Detenção Provisória, da cidade de Guarulhos, Grande São Paulo, entre os meses de março a junho de 2008. Foi realizada a leitura do teste tuberculínico de forma dupla cega, por dois leitores, com instrumentos diferentes, paquímetro e régua milimetrada. Resultados- Foram administrados testes tuberculínicos em 1954 indivíduos; destes 111 foram excluídos por não terem comparecido à leitura do teste, resultando em uma amostra de 1843 indivíduos divididos em 1059 (57,5 por cento ) na Penitenciária e 784 (42,5 por cento ) no Centro de Detenção Provisória. Os resultados comparativos entre os dois instrumentos, quando avaliados os reatores com os não reatores, foram altos e equivalentes, pois a sensibilidade (93 por cento ) e a especificidade (97 por cento ) foram praticamente as mesmas. A média da concordância foi alta entre os dois instrumentos (95,5 por cento ) e a discordância foi baixa (4,5 por cento ). O Ministério da Saúde preconiza uma concordância acima de 80 por cento para aferição de novos leitores. Conclusões- Com este estudo observamos que o paquímetro pode ser considerado equivalente à régua milimetrada e poderá ser uma alternativa à régua para a leitura do teste tuberculínico no Brasil, principalmente para a busca de casos de tuberculose latente na rotina dos serviços de saúde, por ser um bom instrumento de separação dos indivíduos e não é suficiente para aferir um novo leitor. Entretanto, a régua deverá ser mantida, especialmente para inquéritos epidemiológicos<br>Introduction- The active search of individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis aims to prevent the development of infection to the disease tuberculosis and ancillary knowledge of new cases of the disease. The tuberculin test is an important tool to identify individuals (infected) and non-reactors reactors (noninfected). It can be applied from various techniques. Nowadays Mantoux intradermal technique is the most widely used and allows the standardization and comparability of results. In Brazil, the reading of the tuberculin test result is performed with a ruler, by recommendation of the Ministry of health. For its use is required a rigorous training, which has contributed to the decline of tuberculin test readers in routine health services. Alternatively, caliper rule is a technique that can be used, but it is not standardized in Brazil. Objective- Compare the reading instruments of tuberculin skin test results obtained through the standardized reading, made by a millimeter ruler, and reading, not standardized, made with a caliper rule. Method- It was a descriptive study in a prison population of a Penitentiary and a Provisional Detention Centre in the city of Guarulhos, São Paulo, between the months of March to June 2008. Tuberculin test reading was done in a double blind, tuberculin test by two readers, with different instruments, ruler and caliper rule. Results- Tuberculin skin tests were administered to 1,954 individuals; of these 111 was excluded for failing to appear for the reading test, resulting in a sample of 1,843 individuals divided in 1,059 (57.5 per cent ) in Penitentiary and 784 (42.5 per cent ) in the Provisional Detention Center. The comparative results between the two instruments were high and equivalent (sensitivity=93 per cent and specificity=97 per cent ). The average correlation was high among the two instruments (95.5 per cent ) and the disagreement was low (4.5 per cent ). The Ministry of Health recommends a concordance above 80 per cent for benchmarking new readers. Conclusions- We observed that the caliper rule can be considered equivalent to the rule and may be an alternative for reading the tuberculin test in Brazil, especially to search for latent TB cases. However, the rule should be maintained, especially toepidemiological investigations
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Thelu, Amélie. "Evaluation in vitro de la sensibilisation cutanée aux xénobiotiques : Pertinence d’un modèle de co-culture épiderme reconstruit humain/cellules THP-1." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS395.
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La dermatite de contact allergique (DCA) est une réaction exacerbée du système immunitaire cutané vis-à-vis d’un allergène de contact. La prévalence de la DCA étant de 20 % au sein de la population mondiale, il est important d’identifier les composés allergisants. Différentes réglementations européennes, telles que le règlement REACh ou la directive cosmétique, interdisent l’utilisation de test sur l’animal. C’est dans ce contexte que différentes méthodes alternatives ont été développées pour évaluer la sensibilisation cutanée. La stratégie actuelle d’évaluation du potentiel sensibilisant consiste à réaliser un ensemble de tests alternatifs, chacun mimant un évènement clé du mécanisme : l’hapténisation, l’activation des kératinocytes ou des cellules dendritiques.Cependant, ces tests utilisent principalement des monocultures et ne prennent donc pas en compte les interactions cellulaires qui peuvent avoir lieu in vivo. De plus, les évaluations de la pénétration et du métabolisme cutanés sont négligées dans les tests développés.Afin de mimer la fine orchestration des événements intervenant lors de la sensibilisation cutanée, nous proposons un modèle d’épiderme humain reconstruit (RhE) co-cultivé avec la lignée cellulaire THP-1, servant de substitut aux cellules dendritiques. Nous avons caractérisé, et étudié la pertinence de ce modèle à l’aide de molécules chimiques de référence. Ce travail a permis l’identification de biomarqueurs, tels que CD54, IL-8 et CCL3, spécifiques à l’évaluation in vitro de la sensibilisation cutanée des xénobiotiques<br>Allergic contact dermatitis is an exacerbated reaction of skin immune system toward contact allergen. The prevalence of DCA being 20 % among the world population, it is important to identify allergens. Different European regulations such as the REACh regulation or the cosmetic directive prohibit the use of the test on animals. It is in this context that different methods have been developed to evaluate skin sensitization. The current sensitization potential assessment strategy consists of a set of alternative tests, each of which reproduce a key event of the mechanism: the haptenation, the activation of keratinocytes or dendritic cells.However, these tests are mainly based on monocultures and therefore do not account for the cellular crosstalk that happen in vivo. In addition, the evaluations of skin penetration and metabolism are neglected in the developed tests.In order to mimic the fine orchestration of the events involved in skin sensitization, we propose a model of reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) co-cultivated with the THP-1 cell line, as a substitute for dendritic cells. We have characterized and studied the relevance of this model using reference chemical molecules. This work has enabled the identification of biomarkers, such as CD54, IL-8 and CCL3, specific to the in vitro evaluation of skin sensitization to xenobiotics
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Clouet, Elodie. "Intégration des modèles in vitro dans la stratégie d'évaluation de la sensibilisation cutanée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS003/document.
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Résumé : Depuis l'interdiction en 2013 des tests sur les animaux par le Règlement cosmétique n°1223/2009, différentes méthodes in vitro ont été développées. Toutefois, selon un consensus scientifique, aucune méthode ne peut couvrir à elle seule l’ensemble des événements clés (KE) définis pour la sensibilisation cutanée.Après un état de l’art des méthodes alternatives relatives à la sensibilisation cutanée, nous avons sélectionné et comparé 3 tests pour ensuite déterminer la meilleure stratégie à suivre. Dans le but de proposer un nouveau test intégré, nous avons adressé l’ensemble des KEs au sein d’un même type cellulaire. La cellule dendritique (DC) jouant un rôle clé dans le développement de la dermatite de contact allergique (DCA), notre choix s’est porté sur la lignée humaine pro-monocytaire THP-1. Nous avons étudié comme événements initiaux (KE1) les formes réactives à l’oxygène (FRO) et le glutathion (GSH), la voie Nrf2-Keap1 (voie centrale de détoxication) et l’expression génique pour le KE2, ainsi que les modifications phénotypiques pour le KE3.Nous avons montré que les allergisants forts induisent une production précoce des FRO associée à une réduction du GSH. Ils activent également la voie Nrf2-Keap1 et induisent l’expression des marqueurs de surface cellulaire CD54 et CD86, ainsi qu’une production de cytokines spécifiques (IL-8, IL-18,...).Pour conclure, ce travail a permis de proposer un test intégrant l’ensemble des mesures biologiques comme différents KE au sein d’un même type cellulaire<br>Abstract : Since the animal testing ban in 2013 by Cosmetics Regulation n°1223/2009, various in vitro methods have been developed. However, according to a scientific consensus, no single method can stand-alone to cover the different key events (KE) defined for skin sensitization.After a state of the art of alternative methods relating to skin sensitization, we selected and compared 3 tests to determine the best strategy to follow. In order to propose a new integrated test, we wanted to address all KE within the same cell line. Because dendritic cell (DC) plays a key role in the development of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), we have chosen the pro-monocytic human line THP-1. We have studied as initial events (KE1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), Nrf2-Keap1 pathway (central detoxification pathway) and gene expression for KE2 as well as phenotypic modifications for KE3.We have shown that strong allergens are correlated with early production of FRO associated with GSH reduction. They also activate the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and induce the expression of CD54 and CD86 cell surface markers as well as production of specific cytokines (IL-8, IL-18, etc.).To conclude, this work propose a new assay integrating all the biological measures as different KEs within the same cell
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Negrao, Bianca Lee. "Autonomic correlates at rest and during evoked attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and effects of sympathomimetic medication." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07072009-163036/.
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Do, Cong Viet. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique de dérivés hétérocyliques comme agents anti-cancéreux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10093.
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La combrétastatine A-4 est un produit naturel isolé d'un arbuste africain Combretum caffrum et qui possède de très intéressantes propriétés biologiques: inhibition de la polymérisation de la tubuline et propriétés antiprolifératives auprès de nombreuses cellules tumorales. Malheureusement, ce produit possède de propriétés pharmacocinétiques non optimales qui limitent son application clinique. Par conséquent de nombreux dérivés synthétiques ont été testés et parmi ceux-ci, l'isocombrétastatine A-4 (isoCA-4). Dans notre travail de thèse, nous avons donc synthétisé des analogues de l'isoCA-4 dont un des cycles aromatiques a été remplacé par des hétérocycles thiophènes et benzothiophènes diversement substitués. Certains de ces produits ont montré des activités du même ordre que la colchicine, substance de référence sur la polymérisation de la tubuline, et sur la prolifération de cellules mélanocytaires IC8. Les composés présentant une structure benzo[b]thiophène montrent une meilleure activité que ceux ayant une simple structure thiophène. De plus, les composés portant une chaine latérale en position 2 montrent une activité supérieure à ceux substitués en position 3.D'autre part, les stuctures indénoindoles sont connues comme étant de puissants inhibiteurs de la caséine kinase 2 (CK2), celle-ci joue un rôle important dans de nombreux processus cellulaires. A partir de cette structure indénoindole et, en utilisant une stratégie proche de celle utilisée pour la série précédente (par introduction d'un atome d'iode en position ortho et cyclisation pallado-catalysée), nous avons synthétisé des analogues indénohétérocycliquesen remplaçant le noyau indolepar des noyauxthiophèneetbenzo[b]thiophène. L'activité inhibitrice de ces dérivés vis-à-vis de la CK2 a été évaluée et l'un de ces composés a montré une forte activité<br>Isocombretastatin A-4 (isoCA-4), a modified combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), was recently discovered known as a strong activity compound to inhibit tubulin polymerization. The vinyl derivatives opened a new series which is hardly exploited. Based on the structure of isoCA-4, we synthesized isoheterocycles series by replacing the B-ring of isoCA-4 by thiophene and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. These two series were evaluated in their ability to inhibit tubulin assembly. The benzo[b]thiophene derivativesshowed better activity than thiophene derivatives, the binding position 2 of benzo[b]thiophene showed higher activity than position 3. Indenoindoles was known as a potent series to inhibit casein kinase 2 which plays important role in many processes in cell. Based on the structure of indenoindole, we synthesized indenoheterocycles by replacing indole by thiophene and benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. These two series were evaluated in their ability to inhibit CK2. One of the compoundsshowed high activity
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Djaja, Ngadiman. "Item response theory: Applications of modern test theory in skin cancer research." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/103100/1/Ngadiman_Djaja_Thesis.pdf.
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Comprehensive assessment of skin cancer risk is often done using questionnaires, but many have not been stringently evaluated for their quality. This thesis assessed the feasibility of applying modern test theory to develop a new item-response theory based skin cancer risk questionnaire and provides empirical evidence for its benefits including good precision, ability to be used in computerized testing and brevity.
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Secondulfo, Laura. "Skin tissue engineering: medical problems and technological solutions." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6443/.
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In questo elaborato si affrontano problematiche cliniche legate ai traumi gravi della cute in cui è necessario intervenire chirurgicamente per ripristinare una situazione normale: si approfondisce lo studio della fisiologia del tessuto, la classificazione dei gradi delle ustioni della pelle, la guarigione delle ferite e la meccanica della cute.
Il trapianto di tessuto autologo costituisce la soluzione più efficace e con minori complicazioni.
Tuttavia il paziente potrebbe non presentare una superficie di cute disponibile sufficientemente estesa, per cui si ricorre ad altri metodi. In primo luogo, si effettuano degli allotrapianti di tessuto di donatore cadavere prelevati secondo le normative vigenti e conservati attraverso le varie tecniche, il cui sviluppo ha consentito una durata di conservazione maggiore; mentre la glicerolizzazione abbatte al 100% il rischio di trasmissione di patologie e lo sviluppo di microorganismi, la crioconservazione preserva la vitalità del tessuto. La chirurgia utilizzata per queste operazioni si avvale di tecnologie innovative come la Tecnologia a Pressione Negativa.
Un'alternativa necessaria per sopperire all'ingente richiesta di tessuto di donatore sono i sostituti cutanei, che presentano un grande potenziale per il futuro. Per eliminare totalmente il rischio di rigetto sarebbe necessario personalizzare il costrutto utilizzando cellule autologhe, ma la ricerca è stata rallentata da minori investimenti da parte dell'industria biomedica, che si è maggiormente focalizzata sulla realizzazione di prodotti utilizzabili da un più ampio raggio di pazienti.
Per queste ragioni, l'ingegneria tissutale della cute ha trovato più ampio campo di applicazione nel sistema dei test in vitro. A tale scopo sono stati creati dei protocolli certificati per testare la corrosività, la irritabilità e la vitalità del tessuto cutaneo, quali EpiDerm, EpiSkin e SkinEthic che si avvalgono dell'uso del metodo MMT e della spettrofotometria, che è diventata un supporto fondamentale per le scienze biologiche.