Journal articles: 'Skinnerina'

1

Eysenck, Hans J. "Skinner, Skinnerism, and the Skinnerian in Psychology." Counselling Psychology Quarterly 1, no. 2-3 (1988): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515078808254212.

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Justi, Francis Ricardo dos Reis, and Saulo de Freitas Araujo. "Uma avaliação das críticas de Chomsky ao Verbal Behavior à luz das réplicas behavioristas." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 20, no. 3 (2004): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722004000300008.

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Os cognitivistas têm assumido que as críticas de Chomsky ao Verbal Behavior refutaram definitivamente a proposta skinneriana. No entanto, mesmo com mais de dez anos de atraso, as réplicas behavioristas à resenha de Chomsky começaram a aparecer. O presente trabalho faz uma revisão desse debate tendo como foco o possível caráter definitivo das críticas de Chomsky. A partir deste ponto de vista, conclui-se que nenhuma das críticas de Chomsky ao tratamento skinneriano do comportamento verbal é definitiva. Porém, algumas observações de Chomsky ainda podem oferecer desafios, como a questão da tautologia na lei do condicionamento operante e a crítica ao abandono do conceito de referência.

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Laurenti, Carolina. "O lugar da análise do comportamento no debate científico contemporâneo." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 28, no. 3 (2012): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722012000300012.

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A ciência sofreu várias transformações ao longo da história. Assiste-se no terreno científico-filosófico contemporâneo a mais uma mudança: a crise do modelo de ciência moderno e a emergência de uma diferente proposta científica, a ciência pós-moderna. Skinner disse que a Análise do Comportamento e sua filosofia, o Behaviorismo Radical, são capazes de instruir o discurso da filosofia da ciência. Não obstante, o texto skinneriano tem uma abertura para dialogar tanto com o modelo de ciência moderno quanto pós-moderno. O objetivo deste texto é examinar alguns compromissos filosóficos (ontológicos, epistemológicos e éticos) das diferentes propostas de ciência skinneriana a fim de esclarecer possibilidades de inserção da Análise do Comportamento nesse debate.

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Knapp, Terry I. "Ralph Franklin Hefferline: The Gestalt Therapist among the Skinnerians or the Skinnerian among the Gestalt Therapists?" Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 22, no. 1 (1986): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6696(198601)22:1<49::aid-jhbs2300220106>3.0.co;2-k.

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Cruz, Robson Nascimento da. "Possíveis relações entre o contexto histórico e a recepção do behaviorismo radical." Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão 30, no. 3 (2010): 478–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-98932010000300004.

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O artigo discute a recepção do behaviorismo radical, em especial, na década de 70, e busca relacionar a polêmica em torno de algumas noções skinnerianas acerca da liberdade e da dignidade divulgadas no livro Para Além da Liberdade e Dignidade. Essa discussão foi orientada por três conjuntos de questões: a) a incompatibilidade entre alguns aspectos históricos e a definição behaviorista radical de liberdade e dignidade; b) os problemas em identificar o behaviorismo radical como uma abordagem solidária com os pressupostos de uma ideologia liberalista; c) a linguagem utilizada por Skinner como fonte de problemas. Por fim, são discutidos as limitações e os problemas envolvidos em tentativas de esclarecimentos de possíveis mal-entendidos acerca do behaviorismo radical. Ao mesmo tempo, demonstra-se que a recepção do behaviorismo radical é perpassada por aspectos além daqueles relacionados à validade interna do sistema explicativo skinneriano, e que discordâncias acerca dessa abordagem nem sempre podem ser explicadas como desconhecimento e equívocos sobre a mesma.

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Bogo, Anne Carolynne, and Carolina Laurenti. "Análise do comportamento e sociedade: implicações para uma ciência dos valores." Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão 32, no. 4 (2012): 956–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-98932012000400014.

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O behaviorismo radical tem sido alvo de muitas críticas, principalmente no que se refere às questões éticas. A despeito dessas críticas, Skinner considera a análise do comportamento uma ciência dos valores, discutindo a moralidade em termos de comportamento moral. Entretanto, a afirmação de que a análise do comportamento é uma ciência dos valores pode ter consequências sociais distintas a depender do modelo de ciência adotado como pressuposto. O debate científico contemporâneo trata da crise do modelo moderno de ciência e do surgimento de outro: o modelo pós-moderno. Uma das diferenças entre essas duas propostas científicas refere-se à relação entre ciência e sociedade. Considerando esses aspectos, o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir qual modelo de ciência, moderno ou pós-moderno, norteia a assertiva skinneriana que declara a análise do comportamento uma ciência dos valores. Para tanto, serão apresentadas, inicialmente, algumas concepções tradicionais de explicação do comportamento moral e as principais críticas que Skinner dirige a elas. Em seguida, o sistema ético skinneriano será analisado, juntamente às questões sociais envolvidas na prática do analista do comportamento. E, por fim, discutir-se-á como cada modelo de ciência pode subsidiar práticas de intervenção diferentes, com consequências sociais igualmente distintas.

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Menuge, Angus J. L. "Beyond Skinnerian Creatures." Philosophia Christi 5, no. 1 (2003): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pc20035110.

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Ingvarsson, Einar T., and Edward K. Morris. "Post-skinnerian, post-skinner, or neo-skinnerian? Hayes, Barnes-Holmes, and Roche’s." Psychological Record 54, no. 4 (2004): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395488.

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9

Georges, Robert A. "Skinnerian Behaviorism and Folklore Studies." Western Folklore 49, no. 4 (1990): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1499753.

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10

Laurenti, Carolina, and Carlos Eduardo Lopes. "Explicação e descrição no Behaviorismo radical: identidade ou dicotomia?" Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 25, no. 1 (2009): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722009000100015.

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Este artigo examina uma inconsistência na proposta skinneriana com respeito às relações entre explicação e descrição. Em alguns momentos, Skinner identifica explicação e descrição, comprometendo-se com a máxima machiana " explicar é descrever" . Em outros momentos, Skinner desvincula os termos, considerando a descrição uma etapa preliminar do empreendimento científico, que deve ser complementada pela explicação. Argumenta-se, aqui, a favor da identidade entre explicação e descrição no Behaviorismo Radical com base nas influências de Mach na filosofia da ciência skinneriana. Defende-se ainda que essas influências se dão via selecionismo-pragmatismo, e não empirismo-descritivismo, contrastando com interpretações tradicionais das relações entre Mach e Skinner. Conclui-se que a identificação entre explicação e descrição parece expressar melhor as afinidades filosóficas do Behaviorismo Radical com o Pragmatismo.

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11

Wixted, John. "JEAB AND THE SKINNERIAN INTERPRETATION OF BEHAVIOR." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 89, no. 1 (2008): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2008.89-137.

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12

Smith, Terry L. "Neo-Skinnerian Psychology: A Non-Radical Behaviorism." PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1988, no. 1 (1988): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1988.1.192979.

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13

Holland, Audrey L. "Recovered Memories: My Life as a Skinnerian." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 15, no. 3 (2005): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld15.3.2.

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14

Lacey, Hugh. "Teleological behaviorism and the intentional scheme." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (1995): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00037742.

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AbstractTeleological behaviorism, unlike Skinnerian behaviorism, recognizes that “mental terms’ are needed to account adequately for human behavior, but it rejects the essential role in behavioral explanations of the subjective perspective of the agent. I argue that teleological behaviorism fails because of this rejection.

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15

Rodrigues, Tyffanne Serra Paraná, and Alexandre Dittrich. "Um diálogo entre um cristão ortodoxo e um behaviorista radical." Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão 27, no. 3 (2007): 522–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-98932007000300012.

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Este artigo discute a religião através de um diálogo entre dois sujeitos fictícios: Tommaso, um behaviorista radical e defensor da idéia skinneriana de que a religião não se diferencia de outras formas de controle, e Gottlieb, um cristão ortodoxo e entusiasta da religiosidade. As posições de Tommaso baseiam-se em uma ampla revisão sobre a religião na literatura behaviorista radical, que incluem todos os livros de B. F. Skinner; por sua vez, textos favoráveis à religiosidade, ainda que nem todos mencionem teorias psicológicas, têm Gottlieb como seu porta-voz. Além de se constituir em uma análise conceitual abrangente no interior da literatura behaviorista/skinneriana, este trabalho, favorecendo-se do método dialógico de exposição e, assim, recriando discussões dialéticas nas quais Gottlieb representa o interlocutor oculto nos textos behavioristas, que poderia apresentar argumentos semelhantes aos por ele suscitados, promove novas e distintas reflexões sobre a religiosidade e contribui, portanto, para maior elucidação do tema em questão.

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16

Ornat, Susana López, and Pilar Gallo. "Acquisition, Learning, or Development of Language? Skinner's “Verbal Behavior” Revisited." Spanish Journal of Psychology 7, no. 2 (2004): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004868.

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In 1957, Skinner, in his “Verbal Behavior”, proposed an explanation on how a language is learned. In 1959, Chomsky strongly argued the non-learnability of language, establishing in the field of developmental psycholinguistics the substitution of the term “learning” for that of “acquisition”. Currently, the constructivist models describe language acquisition as a process of ontogenetic, gradual, complex, and adaptive change. This new theoretical framework has been especially useful for rereading Verbal Behavior because it facilitates recovering the Skinnerian learning mechanisms. This can be observed in the recent research trends that recapture reinforcement and imitation (echoic responses), although they are now located in the initial phases of the process and are included in a cognitive dynamic that, by gradually increasing its complexity, can achieve grammar. The new constructivist theoretical framework, by retrieving the functional and referential aspects of language, can also take advantage of the classic Skinnerian proposal about the pragmatic types of verbal behavior, providing it with new meaning.

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17

Dieringer, Gregg. "Reproductive Biology of Agalinis skinneriana (Scrophulariaceae), a Threatened Species." Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 126, no. 4 (1999): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997312.

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18

García Montes, José M., and Marino Pérez Álvarez. "La visión Skinneriana sobre las alucinaciones. Vigencia y revisión." Psychology, Society, & Education 3, no. 1 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v3i1.445.

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Resumen: El presente trabajo expone brevemente la visión que B.F. Skinner mantenía sobre las alucinaciones como fenómenos psicológicos, y defiende su vigencia y relevancia hoy en día. Para ello se parte de la concepción skinneriana sobre las conductas de percibir, imaginar y soñar. Se insiste en que, según el genial psicólogo americano, las diferencias entre la percepción por un lado y la imaginación o el sueño por otro, se centran en qué tipo de variables controlan el comportamiento en cuestión. Así el percibir estaría controlado principalmente por la estimulación circundante a la persona, mientras que la imaginación o el sueño lo estarían por variables que se hallan “debajo de la piel” del sujeto y, por lo tanto, son privadas e inaccesibles a la comunidad verbal de forma directa. Partiendo de ello, Skinner viene a entender las alucinaciones como conductas perceptivas que se realizan en ausencia del estímulo percibido, similares a las conductas de imaginar o soñar, pero que la persona, por diversas razones, no reconoce como controladas fundamentalmente por la estimulación privada. Finalmente se realizan algunas consideraciones críticas que atañen a la falta en Skinner de una teoría radical sobre la persona. Skinner’s view on hallucinations. Validity and revision Abstract: This work outlines the vision that B.F. Skinner held on hallucinations as psychological phenomena, and defends its validity and relevance nowadays. Our thesis starts with the Skinner’s conception on the behaviors of perceiving, imagining and dreaming. It is highlighted that, in Skinner’s point of view, the differences between perception on one hand and imagination or dreaming in the other, focus on what kind of variables control the behavior in question. Thus, the perceptive behavior would be controlled primarily by stimulus surrounding the person, while the imagination or dreaming would be by variables that are “under the skin” of the subject and, therefore, are private and directly inaccessible to the verbal community. On this basis, Skinner comes to an understanding of hallucinations as perceptual behaviors that occur in the absence of a perceived stimulus, similar to the behavior of imagining or dreaming, but, when hallucinating, the person, for various reasons, does not recognize his / her behaviour as controlled mainly by private stimulation. Finally we made some critical remarks regarding the lack in Skinner’s psychology of a radical theory on the human person.

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19

Merlone, Ugo, Daren R. Sandbank, and Ferenc Szidarovszky. "Equilibria analysis in social dilemma games with Skinnerian agents." Mind & Society 12, no. 2 (2013): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11299-013-0116-6.

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20

Matos, Maria Amelia, and Maria de Lourdes Passos. "Emergent verbal behavior and analogy: Skinnerian and linguistic approaches." Behavior Analyst 33, no. 1 (2010): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03392204.

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21

Gonçalves, António Pereira, Elsa Branco Lopes, Benjamin Villeroy, Judith Monnier, Claude Godart, and Bertrand Lenoir. "Effect of Ni, Bi and Se on the tetrahedrite formation." RSC Advances 6, no. 104 (2016): 102359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21482g.

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22

Killeen, Peter R. "Boxing Day." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (2000): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00332435.

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A convincing case is made for the importance of conditioning in social interaction, but more than Pavlovian conditioning is involved: UR (unconditioned response) modification, imprinting, Skinnerian conditioning, and other forms of behavior modification are adduced as Pavlovian. Beyond its value as an icon, control theory is not brought to bear in an informative fashion on these phenomena.

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23

Pribram, Karl H. "Operant conditioning (Skinnerian) and the role of the motor cortex." International Journal of Psychophysiology 69, no. 3 (2008): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.432.

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24

Davis, Hank. "What defines a legitimate issue for Skinnerian psychology: Philosophy or technology?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17, no. 1 (1994): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00033653.

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25

Muchon de Melo, Camila, and Júlio C. de Rose. "The Concept of Culture in Skinnerian Radical Behaviorism: Debates and Controversies." European Journal of Behavior Analysis 14, no. 2 (2013): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2013.11434464.

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26

Moustakis, Ioannis S., and Robert C. Mellon. "Transitivity as Skinnerian problem solving controlled by self-constructed relational stimuli." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 110, no. 3 (2018): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.473.

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27

Furedy, John J. "Aping Newtonian physics but ignoring brute facts will not transform Skinnerian psychology into genuine science or useful technology." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, no. 5 (2004): 693–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x04210160.

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The proposal to add the behavioral momentum metaphor to Skinnerian psychology and the use of other borrowed physical explanatory concepts such as velocity and inertial mass has only superficial value. The basic problem is that, in contrast to Newtonian physics, the “laws” do not apply to a significant proportion of the phenomena to be explained, and these evidential discrepancies are ignored, rather than being used to modify the scientific explanations and improve technological applications that are based on those explanations.

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Chen, Kang Jie, Gan Zhao, Shao Cong Wu, Qin Chuan Zhuang, and Fang Qian. "Preliminary Researches on Influence of Several Kinds of Magnoliaceae Plants on Activity of Cholinesterase from Pig Serum." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.163.

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Leaf extract of some kinds of Michelia plants could inhibit the activity of cholinesterase.Their inhibitory effect order wasMichelia foveolataMerr.exDandy>Michelia maudiae>Michelia figo>Michelia shiluensis Chun et Y. F. Wu>Michelia crassipes Law>Michelia platypetala>Michelia skinneriana Dunn>Michelia wilsonii Finet et Gagnep.>Michelia balansae (DC.)Dandy. Among them inhibitory effect ofMichelia balansae (DC.)Dandywas slightly.Leaf extract ofMichelia viritepala Law et Zhou inedcould activate the activity of cholinesterase. Leaf extract ofMagnolia coco (Lour.) DCcould inhibit the activity of cholinesterase.

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29

STEINBERGER, PETER J. "Analysis and History of Political Thought." American Political Science Review 103, no. 01 (2009): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409090030.

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Criticisms of Quentin Skinner's approach to the study of the history of political thought have generally failed to directly address the philosophical presuppositions on which Skinner himself relies. Those presuppositions involve, primarily, theories of language associated most closely with Austin, Searle, and Grice. An investigation of the uses that Skinner makes of philosophical pragmatics raises serious doubts about a number of his central claims. Moreover, those philosophical resources actually point toward a decidedly non-Skinnerian approach that focuses not primarily on discovering or reconstructing historical circumstances, but on uncovering and explicating structures of argumentation.

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30

Pip, E., and J. P. C. Franck. "Molecular phylogenetics of central Canadian Physidae (Pulmonata: Basommatophora)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 1 (2008): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-112.

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The phylogenetic relationships of four nominal south-central Canadian freshwater physids ( Physa (sensu lato) skinneri Taylor, 1954, Physa integra (Haldeman, 1841), Physa gyrina (Say, 1821), and the endemic Physa winnipegensis Pip, 2004) were studied by analyses of combined partial sequences coding for mitochondrial 16S and cytochrome c oxidase (COI) genes. Maximum parsimony and neighbour joining analyses, as well as comparisons with published sequences, supported four major clades of physids, of which three are represented in central Canada. Physa skinneri and P. integra were placed within the Physa fontinalis (L., 1758) and Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 clades, respectively. Physa winnipegensis formed a distinct branch within the P. acuta group. An additional, previously unreported and unclassified, morph within the P. acuta group was identified from Lake Winnipeg.

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Leão, Monalisa de Fátima Freitas Carneiro, Carolina Laurenti, and Verônica Bender Haydu. "Darwinism, radical behaviorism, and the role of variation in Skinnerian explaining behavior." Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice 16, no. 1 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bar0000025.

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Harcum, E. Rae, Ellen F. Rosen, and Barry N. Burijon. "Popular Versus Skinnerian Views on the Relation Between Human Freedom and Dignity." Journal of Psychology 123, no. 3 (1989): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1989.10542980.

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Duchesne, N., and S. Rusinek. "La pratique clinique des TCC : soyons de vrais skinneriens !" Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive 17, no. 3 (2007): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1155-1704(07)73237-8.

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Tourinho, Emmanuel Zagury. "Conseqüências do externalismo behaviorista radical." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 15, no. 2 (1999): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37721999000200003.

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O artigo discute a proposta de Skinner para a ciência do comportamento, caracterizando-a como "externalista" (voltada para as relações do organismo com eventos que lhe são externos). Examina-se o discurso de Skinner sobre diferentes explicações para o comportamento, em obras de 1938, 1953 e 1990, a fim de indicar sua preocupação permanente com a definição das fronteiras entre análise do comportamento e (neuro)fisiologia. Apontam-se aspectos da elaboração skinneriana que a tornam insuficiente para sustentar uma declaração coerente sobre a autonomia de uma ciência do comportamento e procura-se ilustrar como essa dificuldade se reflete na literatura contemporânea da área.

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Garlinska, Alla. "Будова статевої системи молюсків підродини Physinae". Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin. Series: Biological Sciences, № 12 (19 листопада 2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2617-4723-2015-313-79-84.

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Здійснено аналіз кількісних показників статевої системи семи видів молюсків підродини Physinae (Physa fontinalis, Ph. adversa, Ph. skinneri, Ph. bulla, Physella acuta, Phys. heterostropha, Costatella integra) із застосуванням сучасних методів багатовимірної статистики. З’ясовано, що кількісні ознаки статевої системи можуть бути використані для ідентифікації видів.

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Aguilar Diaz, Trinidad, Vincenzo Bertolini, Guillermo Carrillo Castañeda, Griselda Karina Guillén Navarro, Luz Verónica García Fajardo, and Ricardo Alberto Castro Chan. "Rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento en Guarianthe skinneri (Orchidaceae)." Revista de Biología Tropical 66, no. 3 (2018): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v66i3.30638.

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The Guarianthe skinneri orchid is included in NOM-059-ECOL-2010, Mexico standard as an endangered species. In order to study PGPR (promoting growth plant rhizobacteria) from this orchid, 10 roots were collected from different plants to isolate bacteria associated with the roots, which were analyzed by in vitro tests such as: production of AIA, nitrogen fixation, interaction with the mycorrhizal fungus Thanatephorus sp. strain RG26 and phosphate solubilization. We obtain 71 bacterial isolates, 10 strains of them were characterized by sequencing with the 16d rDNA marker identifying six bacteria: Sphingomonas sp. Sinorhizobium sp. Bacillus sp. Nocardia cerradoensis, Bacillus megaterium and Burkholderia phytofirmans. We observed that the bacterium Sinorhizobium sp. produced a greater amount of AIA (69.189 μg/ml) and Bacillus sp. performed greater acetylene reduction (10.251 nmol cultivo/96h). In the interactions of the bacteria and the fungus RG26, four categories were presented (extremely positive, positive, antagonism 50-50 and inhibition). In relation to the solubilization of phosphate, Burkholderia phytofirmans presented higher IS after 48 and 96 hr with an IS of 3.11 and 3.48, respectively. The results indicate that Bacillus sp. it could have the best characteristics to promote the development of the G. skinneri orchid by inoculating seeds and seedlings.

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Baez, Daniel Arrieta, L. Gerardo Zepeda Vallejo, and Manuel Jimenez-estrada. "Phytochemical Studies On Senna Skinneri and Senna Wislizeni." Natural Product Letters 13, no. 3 (1999): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10575639908048789.

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38

Fidalgo, Adriana Pineiro, and Roberto Alves Banaco. "O estudo do comportamento verbal no Brasil." Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 30, no. 3 (2014): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722014000300012.

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O presente trabalho realizou uma revisão histórica de dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado brasileiras sobre comportamento verbal, com base na proposta Skinneriana (1957/1992), produzidas entre 1968 e 2012. Foram investigados: a) tipo de trabalho (dissertação ou tese), b) universidades em que os trabalhos foram defendidos, c) orientadores, d) linha de pesquisa (básica, aplicada ou histórico-conceitual), e) metodologia (descritiva ou experimental), e f) temas de investigação. No total, 177 dissertações e 53 teses sobre comportamento verbal foram identificadas. Os resultados indicam que o estudo do comportamento verbal, no Brasil, estabeleceu-se como programa de pesquisa e cresceu ao longo dos anos.

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Adrain, Jonathan M. "Validity and composition of the Silurian trilobite genera Borealarges and Dicranogmus, with new species from the Canadian Arctic." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 5 (2003): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-008.

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New silicified material from Arctic Canada demonstrates that the lichid trilobite genera Borealarges and Dicranogmus, recently claimed to be synonyms, are independent groups with no close phylogenetic connection to one another. Dicranogmus has been known mainly from cranidia alone; prior association of librigenae and pygidia with the Arctic Canadian species D. skinneri has been queried. This association is correct beyond reasonable doubt, based on description of new material of both D. skinneri and a new species. Three new species of Borealarges are related to B. tuckerae Adrain 1994. Cladistic analysis supports the monophyly of this species group. Pending further new information, however, the group is retained within the genus Borealarges. The stratigraphic range of the species group is extended from the lower Wenlock (Sheinwoodian) to upper Ludlow (Ludfordian) by the discovery of a rare species in the Douro Formation of Cornwallis Island, Arctic Canada. New taxa from the Wenlock of the Cape Phillips Formation, Arctic Canada, include Dicranogmus wynni, Borealarges nicoae, B. warholi, and B. yulei.

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40

Baláž, Peter, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Marcela Achimovičová, et al. "Bismuth Doping in Nanostructured Tetrahedrite: Scalable Synthesis and Thermoelectric Performance." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (2021): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061386.

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In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of Bi-doped tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4−xBixS13 (x = 0.02–0.20) synthesis in an industrial eccentric vibratory mill using Cu, Sb, Bi and S elemental precursors. High-energy milling was followed by spark plasma sintering. In all the samples, the prevailing content of tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13 (71–87%) and famatinite Cu3SbS4 (13–21%), together with small amounts of skinnerite Cu3SbS3, have been detected. The occurrence of the individual Cu-Sb-S phases and oxidation states of bismuth identified as Bi0 and Bi3+ are correlated. The most prominent effect of the simultaneous milling and doping on the thermoelectric properties is a decrease in the total thermal conductivity (κ) with increasing Bi content, in relation with the increasing amount of famatinite and skinnerite contents. The lowest value of κ was achieved for x = 0.2 (1.1 W m−1 K−1 at 675 K). However, this sample also manifests the lowest electrical conductivity σ, combined with relatively unchanged values for the Seebeck coefficient (S) compared with the un-doped sample. Overall, the lowered electrical performances outweigh the benefits from the decrease in thermal conductivity and the resulting figure-of-merit values illustrate a degradation effect of Bi doping on the thermoelectric properties of tetrahedrite in these synthesis conditions.

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41

Borloti, Elizeu Batista, and Zeidi Araujo Trindade. "A análise do comportamento e as proposições da construção social do conhecimento." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 17, no. 2 (2000): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-166x2000000200004.

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Atualmente há um grande interesse dos psicólogos em analisar a construção social do conhecimento, sempre a partir de uma perspectiva psicossocial. Os psicólogos comportamentais, influenciados pelo pensamento skinneriano, têm dado a sua contribuição. Este trabalho apresenta algumas das proposições da Análise do Comportamento acerca do conhecimento socialmente construído, discutindo as direções apontadas na análise do "conhecer socialmente" e as implicações desta análise para uma integração entre analistas de comportamento e psicólogos sociais.

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42

Garcia, John. "Mind is back in control of Pavlovian and Skinnerian responses: Was it ever away?" Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (1995): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(95)00029-y.

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KNAPOWSKI, Stanisław. "INTENCJE I PRAWDA. UWAGI O WIZJACH POLITYKI QUENTINA SKINNERA." Historia@Teoria 2, no. 4 (2017): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ht.2017.3.1.23.

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Gutiarrez-, F. A., T. Ayora-Tala, M. Abud-Archi, et al. "Acclimatization of Micropropagated Orchid Guarianthe skinnerii Inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7, no. 3 (2008): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2008.327.330.

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Johnson, Neil E., Elinor C. Spencer, and Nancy L. Ross. "Low-temperature structural investigations along the Cu3SbS3 (skinnerite) – Cu3BiS3 (wittichenite) join." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a1 (2017): a172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767317098294.

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Harlov, Daniel E., and Richard O. Sack. "AgCu exchange equilibria between pyrargyrite, high-skinnerite, and polybasite solutions." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, no. 5 (1995): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00015-1.

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Harlov, D. "Ag-Cu exchange equilibria between pyrargyrite, high-skinnerite, and polybasite solutions." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, no. 5 (1995): 867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/00167-0379(50)00151-.

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De Armas, Luis F. "Oligoquetofagia por Anolis sagrei y nectarivoría por Anolis porcatus (Squamata: Dactyloidae): nuevas observaciones." Novitates Caribaea, no. 18 (July 15, 2021): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi18.272.

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Nuevas observaciones de campo confirman que la ingestión de lombrices de tierra (Oligochaeta) por Anolis sagrei no es un evento tan raro como se creía. De igual modo, las observaciones realizadas en tres inviernos consecutivos (2019, 2020, 2021), durante la temporada de floración de las orquídeas Cattleya lueddemanniana y Guarianthe skinneri, ratifican que la nectarivoría es un hábito regular en Anolis porcatus.

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Coombs, Margery C., and Bruce M. Rothschild. "Phalangeal fusion in schizotheriine Chalicotheres (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)." Journal of Paleontology 73, no. 4 (1999): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000032509.

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In four genera of schizotheriine Chalicotheriidae—Moropus, Tylocephalonyx, Phyllotillon, and Ancylotherium–proximal and middle phalanges of digit II of the manus fuse to form a duplex bone. Fusion of proximal and middle phalanges of digit II of the pes also occurs in many species of these genera. Radiographic and sagittal-sectional study of the fused duplex phalanges of Moropus elatus and Tylocephalonyx skinneri shows that the joint between the two bones formed fully prior to fusion but had little movement. Fusion proceeded by external enthesial interactions at the insertion of the ligament capsule and by disruption of cortical bone with trabecular bridging along the internal part of the original articular surface. Cortical disruption is more rapid on the middle than on the proximal phalangeal component of the duplex. In M. elatus, the degrees of external and internal fusion roughly correspond, and a ventral surficial groove sometimes traces the former facet, whereas in T. skinneri external fusion is much more developed than internal fusion. Phalangeal fusion seems to have strengthened the digit against strong forces applied along the medial (radial or tibial) side of the foot.

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Lewis, David Bruce, and John J. Magnuson. "Intraspecific gastropod shell strength variation among north temperate lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 9 (1999): 1687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-110.

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Defensive morphological traits may vary intraspecifically. Freshwater snail shells are conspicuous defensive structures. In north-central Wisconsin, we investigate whether among-lake differences in shell strength relate to water chemistry or predator abundance and whether shell strength is inducible owing to predation risk from crayfish. Amnicola limosa shells were stronger in lakes with abundant crayfish predators. An experiment and a general understanding of prosobranch evolution suggest that this may result from selection rather than induction. The experiment indicated a weakening of shells of slow-growing A. limosa in the presence of crayfish. This may have resulted from resource depression caused by a strong behavioral response that reduced feeding time. Physa skinneri shell strength was correlated with lake calcium concentrations, and a weak trend with calcium was apparent for Helisoma anceps. Decreased P. skinneri shell strength in low-calcium lakes may result from retention of scarce calcium by the body at the expense of allocation to the shell. Populations of H. anceps differed in rates of shell strength increase with body size, suggesting that rates of shell strength accumulation with ontogeny vary among populations. Shell strength increased more rapidly in lakes with abundant predators than in lakes with few predators.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Skinnerina'

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