To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Skis and skiing – History.
Journal articles on the topic 'Skis and skiing – History'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Skis and skiing – History.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Formenti, Federico, Luca P. Ardigò, and Alberto E. Minetti. "Human locomotion on snow: determinants of economy and speed of skiing across the ages." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1572 (2005): 1561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3121.
Full textAbstract:
We explore here the evolution of skiing locomotion in the last few thousand years by investigating how humans adapted to move effectively in lands where a cover of snow, for several months every year, prevented them from travelling as on dry ground. Following historical research, we identified the sets of skis corresponding to the ‘milestones’ of skiing evolution in terms of ingenuity and technology, built replicas of them and measured the metabolic energy associated to their use in a climate-controlled ski tunnel. Six sets of skis were tested, covering a span from 542 AD to date. Our results show that: (i) the history of skiing is associated with a progressive decrease in the metabolic cost of transport, (ii) it is possible today to travel at twice the speed of ancient times using the same amount of metabolic power and (iii) the cost of transport is speed-independent for each ski model, as during running. By combining this finding with the relationship between time of exhaustion and the sustainable fraction of metabolic power, a prediction of the maximum skiing speed according to the distance travelled is provided for all past epochs, including two legendary historical journeys (1206 and 1520 AD) on snow. Our research shows that the performances in races originating from them (Birkebeiner and Vasaloppet) and those of other modern competitions (skating versus classical techniques) are well predicted by the evolution of skiing economy. Mechanical determinants of the measured progression in economy are also discussed in the paper.
2
Denning, Andrew. "Alpine Modern: Central European Skiing and the Vernacularization of Cultural Modernism, 1900–1939." Central European History 46, no. 4 (2013): 850–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938914000041.
Full textAbstract:
In 1932, author and outdoorsman Carl Luther diagnosed the pathologies of modern life and prescribed their ideal cure, writing:Because our work in the daily routine and in the cities, in factories, and in offices has become prosaic, atomizing, and devoid of adventure—because we live faster and must demonstrate greater resistance—because we do not wish to age, but rather wish to remain young, fresh, and slender—because we are anxious and know that only new thrills and new visions can rejuvenate us . . . Spring, summer, and fall, the former seasons of relaxation, no longer suffice for us . . . We have also discovered the winter, the most alien to us of all manifestations of nature, thus for us nature in its most modern and most youthful form . . . The ski entered into the world . . . to allow men to flee excessive snow and cold. Today, however, skiing is also flight, but flight from the metropolis [in search of] all remote winter environments . . . Fortune is with the skis, because they overcome the awkwardness of nature-estranged urbanites and have so evaded natural [limits upon] speed, that in them man and speed become consubstantial.
3
Kapłon, Jerzy. "Karpackie Towarzystwo Narciarzy we Lwowie." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 12 (August 1, 2019): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.12.15.
Full textAbstract:
The Carpathian Skiing Society in LvivVery few people interested in the history of Polish skiing realise that it began in the second half of the 19th century in Galicia. It was first in the Eastern Carpathians that skis began to be used by foresters wanting to move more easily in their work and slightly later by tourists in their highland treks. In the late 19th century skiers appeared in Lviv, where in the early 20th century the sport began to be promoted by the Popular Entertainment Society. This was also where various institutions dealing with skiing were established, institutions like the Skiing Section of the Czarni Sports Club and, above all, the Carpathian Skiing Society founded in early 1907, the first Polish association seeking to popularise skiing as its main objective. The society’s founders included Kazimierz Panek, Maksymilian Dudryk, Zygmunt Klemensiewicz, Roman Kordys and Eugeniusz Romer, i.e. well-known mountaineers, tourists or even skiers. In addition to popularising skiing, e.g. by conducting training courses and publishing various manuals, the Society soon brought about a construction of a hostel in Sławsko. The resort became a favourite among Lviv skiers because of the excellent skiing conditions and good railway connection to Lviv. Burned during the war in May 1915, it was quickly rebuilt after the war and faithfully served tourists throughout the interwar period. On the day of its reopening, 11 March 1923, the Polish Skiing Association organised the 4th Polish Skiing Championship in Sławsko. By establishing its regional branches, the Carpathian Skiing Society promoted tourism in the Carpathians, initially in Galicia, and then throughout the Carpathian region in the Second Polish Republic. Kraków was the seat of a branch of the Society, which gave rise to another association, another important contributor to the development of Polish skiing — the Tatra Skiing Society. In 1919 the two organisations, together with three others, founded the Polish Skiing Association. Initially, the Society was active both in sport and tourism; later, given the easier access to Alps-type mountains with better snow conditions the Tatras for skiers from Zakopane, skiers from the region achieved much better results than their Lviv counterparts. The most important sporting achievements that should be noted include the successes of Janina Loteczkowa, who for several years in the second half of the 1920s had no equals in Europe. The Society was represented at the St. Moritz Olympics by Franciszek Kawa. In addition, the Society was instrumental in the construction of a professional ski jumping hill in Lviv. The 1930s were marked by a clear turn towards tourism, resulting in the construction and opening, in 1936, of a mountain hostel on Maryszewska. It is worth stressing, therefore, that such a relatively small organisation its membership never exceeded 400 in one year could do so much for the development of skiing in Poland.
4
Jurečka, Jan. "Effect of the Different Ski Length on the Level of Anxiety at Novice Skiers." Studia sportiva 14, no. 2 (2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2020-2-5.
Full textAbstract:
An efficient teaching of alpine skiing at the beginning of the teaching process should be the main goal of every ski instructor. In our research we were investigating the influence of different ski length on alpine skiing teaching process efficiency as well as on the level of state anxiety during the alpine skiing at ski novices. The research was conducted on 34 participants (19 men, 15 women). Experimental group had skis of 130cm length and 7m radius from brand Lusti. Skis are specialized for very short and aggressive turning including funcarving. Mean height of participants from the experimental group was 178,07cm (±10,89). Control group had skis of standard length according to a person´s height. Meat height of participants from the control group was 177,33cm (±6,87). Mean length of skis were 158,6cm and 14,05m radius. For our research following data were collected: pre-test, continuous test and post – test of state and trait anxiety. In this presented paper the main intention was to determine the effect of different ski length on state anxiety level at novice skiers. The data were acquired from the questionnaire STAI, which shows the level of anxiety (Künzell, S. & Müler, J., 2008; Koca, 2015). Based on the results we can say that teaching alpine skiing with usage of short skis might be less stressful for novice skiers than with usage of standard length skis.
5
Schindelwig, Kurt, Martin Mössner, Michael Hasler, and Werner Nachbauer. "Determination of the rolling resistance of roller skis." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231, no. 1 (2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337116628719.
Full textAbstract:
The rolling resistance of skis used in roller skiing competitions should resemble the gliding resistance of cross-country skis to allow specific training and moving patterns for cross-country skiing and to guarantee equal opportunities for athletes in roller ski races. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a portable rolling resistance meter to precisely measure the rolling resistance of roller skis. Measurements were based on recordings of the angular deceleration of a flywheel due to the rolling resistance between a roller ski’s wheel and the flywheel’s steel surface. Rolling resistance coefficients of four roller ski types ranged between 0.019 and 0.025. Measurements of the rolling resistance coefficient showed a precision of 1.26%. Substantial rolling resistance coefficient variations (10%) were observed for wheels of the same type. Furthermore, the rolling resistance coefficient was found to be negatively correlated with normal load or ambient temperature. The proposed rolling resistance meter is appropriate to determine the rolling resistance coefficient of roller skis’ wheels precisely.
6
Matsumura, Seiji, Ken Ohta, Shin-ichiroh Yamamoto, Yasuharu Koike, and Toshitaka Kimura. "Convenient Method for Detecting Ski-Turn Features with Inertial and Plantar Pressure Sensors." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049024.
Full textAbstract:
Skiers need a convenient method that uses actual ski-turn data to determine their skill level quantitatively without impeding their movement. In this study, we propose a feature detection method designed to quantitatively assess the skill level involved in ski turns. Actual data were acquired from both expert and intermediate skiers while skiing by using a comfortable measurement system that uses compact inertial sensors attached to the user’s skis and waist, and plantar pressure sensors. The changes in body posture and the behavior of the skis were examined using acceleration and angular velocity (each on three axes) data output by the inertial sensors. The plantar pressure distributions generated during skiing were also examined. The results show that it is possible to detect the relationship between the behavior of the skis and the changes in body posture or the plantar pressure distribution, which allows the skier’s skill level to be quantitatively assessed.
7
Komi, Paavo V. "Force Measurements during Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (1987): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.370.
Full textAbstract:
To understand cross-country (X-C) siding it is important to record and identity forces of skis and poles separately and together. They both contribute to the forward progression, but their functional significance may be more complex than that of the ground reaction forces in running and walking. This report presents two methods to record forces on skis and poles during normal X-C skiing. A long force-platform system with four rows of 6-m long plates is placed under the snow track for recording of Fz and Fy forces of each ski and pole separately. This system is suitable especially for the study of diagonal technique under more strict experimental conditions. The second system consists of small lightweight Fz and Fy component force plates which are installed under the boot and binding. These plates can be easily changed from one ski to another, and telemetric recording allows free skiing over long distances and with different skiing techniques, including skating. The presentation emphasizes the integrated use of either system together with simultaneous cinematographic and electromyographic recordings.
8
Zorko, Martin, Karmen Hirsch, Nejc Šarabon, and Matej Supej. "The Influence of Ski Waist-Width and Fatigue on Knee-Joint Stability and Skier’s Balance." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217766.
Full textAbstract:
Alpine skiing is a complex sport that demands a high level of motor control and balance. In general, skiers are prone to deterioration in the state of fatigue due to using inappropriate equipment. As a consequence, the risk of injury might increase. This study aimed to examine the influence of fatigue and ski waist-width on knee-joint stability and skier’s balance. A laboratory skiing simulation in a quasistatic ski-turning position was conducted where the lower-limb kinematics was recorded using an optical system, and the balance-determining parameters were captured using a force plate. It was demonstrated that the knee-joint kinematics and skier’s balance were hampered in the state of fatigue, as well as when using skis with a large waist-width. The results of the study suggest avoiding the fatigue state and the use of skis having a large waist-width while skiing on hard surfaces to decrease the risk of injury.
9
Gervais, Pierre, and Craig Wronko. "The Marathon Skate in Nordic Skiing Performed on Roller Skates, Roller Skis, and Snow Skis." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 4, no. 1 (1988): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.4.1.38.
Full textAbstract:
In the past few years there has been a change from emphasizing the classical cross-country ski technique to introducing the skating technique. Use of the skating stride has led to the adoption of roller skates instead of the ratchet-type roller skis for dryland training. Therefore the question arises as to whether the roller skates simulate the movement pattern observed on snow. This study attempted to answer this question and to evaluate the movement similarity between a newly designed skating-specific roller ski and snow skis in performing the skating stride. The marathon skate was chosen for analysis as it was the most established and consistent skating stride. Biomechanical cinematography was used to acquire a sagittal and anterior view of the skiers. Temporal and angular kinematic data were collected. Both dryland devices approximated the snow skiing pattern, yet it was found that due to the discrepancies in the propulsion phase between the roller skates and the snow skis, the “Nordic Skate” roller skis proved to more closely simulate the on-snow technique.
10
Bacharach, D., J. Seifert, R. Kipp, S. von, A. Subudhi, and St Cloud. "PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO SKIING ON SHAPED AND CONVENTIONAL SKIS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (2002): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-01102.
Full text
11
Pierce, Javin C., Malcolm H. Pope, Per Renstrom, Robert J. Johnson, Janet Dufek, and Charles Dillman. "Force Measurement in Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (1987): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.382.
Full textAbstract:
A method for measuring the forces between the shoe and ski and upon the pole has been developed. Instrumented skis and poles are used with a portable data acquisition system that is carried by the skier in the field. Elite, top-level collegiate, and citizen skiers were used as subjects. Skiers performed the diagonal stride, and a marathon skate. Axial force levels at the forefoot were found to reach 164%, and 120% of body weight in the diagonal skate strides, respectively.
12
Jentschura, U. D., and F. Fahrbach. "Physics of skiing: The idealcarving equation and its applications." Canadian Journal of Physics 82, no. 4 (2004): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p04-010.
Full textAbstract:
Ideal carving occurs when a snowboarder or skier, equipped with a snowboard or carving skis, describes a perfectly carved turn in which the edges of the ski alone, not the ski surface, describe the trajectory followed by the skier, without any slipping or skidding. In this article, we derive the "ideal-carving" equation that describes the physics of a carved turn under ideal conditions. The laws of Newtonian classical mechanics are applied. The parameters of the ideal-carving equation are the inclination of the ski slope, the acceleration of gravity, and the sidecut radius of the ski. The variables of the ideal-carving equation are the velocity of the skier, the angle between the trajectory of the skier and the horizontal, and the instantaneous curvature radius of the skier's trajectory. Relations between the slope inclination and the velocity range suited for nearly ideal carving are discussed, as well as implications for the design of carving skis and snowboards. PACS Nos.: 01.80.+b, 45.20.Dd
13
Giovanis, Vasilios, Margarita Kampouri, and Fotini Roumelioti. "EVALUATION OF SKIS OF ALPINE SKIING BEHAVIOR ON THE SNOW." Physical education of students 21, no. 1 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2017.0104.
Full text
14
Cigrovski, Vedran, Ivan Bon, Mateja Očić, Igor Božić, and Mislav Škovran. "METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ALPINE SKIING SCHOOL." Sportlogia 16, no. 1 (2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5550/sgia.201601.en.cbobs.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, various programs are used in ski schools to teach beginners. All programs have the same goal, and that is to teach beginners specific body movements with which they will be able to manage their skis. Three programs are most commonly used in alpine skiing schools. According to one program, ski beginners are taught the basics of alpine skiing exclusively with elements of parallel skiing techniques. In the second program, ski beginners acquire knowledge using elements of snowplough and parallel ski technique. The third alpine skiing learning program combines these two methods. In addition to the program, in practice there are two approaches to learning alpine skiing. The first method involves a daily trip to a ski slope or a nearby winter tourist centre, where the skiing technique is adopted and beginners return to the place of residence the same day. The second way consists of an organized, usually seven-day, winter trip, during which the basics of alpine skiing are learned every day during the stay in the ski-resort. Regardless of the learning programs used, the safety of skiers is a priority in every alpine skiing school. Therefore, it is advisable for all beginner skiers to get involved in an alpine skiing school, as this is the best way to prevent injuries.
15
Johnson, R. J., C. F. Ettlinger, J. F. Shealy, and C. Meader. "Impact of Super Sidecut Skis on the Epidemiology of Skiing Injuries." Sportverletzung · Sportschaden 11, no. 04 (1997): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-993388.
Full text
16
Watts, Phillip B., Jon Eric Sulentic, Kip M. Drobish, et al. "Physiological Responses to Specific Maximal Exercise Tests for Cross-Country Skiing." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 18, no. 4 (1993): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h93-030.
Full textAbstract:
The present study attempted to quantify differences in peak physiological responses to pole-striding (PS), double poling on roller skis (DP), and diagonal striding on roller skis (DS) during maximal exercise. Six expert cross-country ski racers (3 M, 3 F) with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.3 yrs served as subjects. Testing was conducted on a motorized ski treadmill with a tracked belt surface. Expired air was analyzed continuously via an automated open-circuit system and averaged each 20 s. Heart rate was monitored via telemetry and arterialized blood was collected within 1 min of test termination and analyzed immediately for lactate. Peak values for heart rate and blood lactate did not differ among techniques. Peak oxygen uptake was higher for PS and DS versus DP whereas no difference was found between PS and DS. The VO2 peak for DP was 77 and 81% of VO2 peak for PS and DS, respectively. It was concluded that despite similar peak heart rate and blood lactate values, DP elicits a lower VO2 peak than DS or PS and that PS responses appear to closely reflect those of DS. Key words: exercise testing, maximum oxygen uptake, roller skiing, specificity of exercise, x-c skiing
17
Colbeck, S. C., and G. C. Warren. "The thermal response of downhill skis." Journal of Glaciology 37, no. 126 (1991): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000007243.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe temperatures in downhill skies were measured with thermocouples to investigate the heat generation associated with the sliding of skis on snow. In these tests we investigated the effects on ski temperature of the ambient snow temperature, snow type, speed, load and thermal conductivity. A significant temperature rise at the base of the ski was found at the onset of motion in all runs. The temperature rise increased for heavier loads and at lower ambient temperatures. Some ski runs lasted long enough to observe a steady-state temperature at the ski base; it increased with ambient temperature. Longitudinal and transverse temperature variations occurred and were sensitive to snow hardness and skiing technique.We also investigated heat flow through the cross-section of the ski with a finite-element model to determine the effects of ski structure on heat retention at the base. We found that the thermal characteristics as determined by the structure of the ski had a significant effect on the temperature at the ski base. At lower temperatures we expect that friction will be greater in skis which have a large aluminum plate across their base. Steel edges have a lesser effect.
18
Colbeck, S. C., and G. C. Warren. "The thermal response of downhill skis." Journal of Glaciology 37, no. 126 (1991): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000007243.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe temperatures in downhill skies were measured with thermocouples to investigate the heat generation associated with the sliding of skis on snow. In these tests we investigated the effects on ski temperature of the ambient snow temperature, snow type, speed, load and thermal conductivity. A significant temperature rise at the base of the ski was found at the onset of motion in all runs. The temperature rise increased for heavier loads and at lower ambient temperatures. Some ski runs lasted long enough to observe a steady-state temperature at the ski base; it increased with ambient temperature. Longitudinal and transverse temperature variations occurred and were sensitive to snow hardness and skiing technique.We also investigated heat flow through the cross-section of the ski with a finite-element model to determine the effects of ski structure on heat retention at the base. We found that the thermal characteristics as determined by the structure of the ski had a significant effect on the temperature at the ski base. At lower temperatures we expect that friction will be greater in skis which have a large aluminum plate across their base. Steel edges have a lesser effect.
19
Латышевич, И. А., Е. И. Гапанькова, А. В. Полховский, et al. "Polymer composite material based on terpenoid raw materials for the production of plastic skis." Известия СПбЛТА, no. 233 (December 29, 2020): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2020.233.208-220.
Full textAbstract:
В настоящее время лыжный спорт пользуется большой популярностью, поэтому спрос на лыжи постоянно возрастает. В связи с чем развитиенационального лыжестроения является актуальным для нашей страны направлением. Лыжная индустрия развивается быстрыми темпами и на смену деревянным лыжам пришли пластиковые. Одним из составляющих компонентов лыж является полимерный композиционный материал (препрег). Поэтому сейчас производство препрега набирает обороты, создаются новые материалы на их основе. Проведенные исследования позволили разработать рецептуру и лабораторную технологию связующего на основе вторичных терпеноидных продуктов для изготовления препрега с дальнейшим использованием его при производстве пластиковых лыж. Полученные экспериментальные образцы лыж на производственных площадях филиала «Телеханы» Республиканского производственно-торгового унитарного предприятия «Беларусьторг» Управления делами Президента Республики Беларусь, по своим эксплуатационным свойствам находятся на уровне нормативных показателей. Currently, skiing is very popular. Therefore, the demand for skis is constantly increasing. The development of the national ski industry is an important direction for our country. The ski industry is developing rapidly and plastic skis have replaced wooden skis. One of the components of skis is a polymer composite material (prepreg). Therefore, now the production of prepreg is increasing, many new materials on its basis are created. Our research has allowed us to develop a formulation and laboratory technology of a binder based on secondary terpenoid products for the production of prepreg for its further use in the production of plastic skis. Experimental samples of skis obtained at the production arears of the «Telehany» of the Republican production trade unitary enterprise «Belarustorg» of the administrative department of the President of the Republic of Belarus are at the level of standard indicators for their operational properties.
20
Латышевич, И. А., Е. И. Гапанькова, А. В. Полховский, et al. "Polymer composite material based on terpenoid raw materials for the production of plastic skis." Известия СПбЛТА, no. 233 (December 29, 2020): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2020.233.208-220.
Full textAbstract:
В настоящее время лыжный спорт пользуется большой популярностью, поэтому спрос на лыжи постоянно возрастает. В связи с чем развитиенационального лыжестроения является актуальным для нашей страны направлением. Лыжная индустрия развивается быстрыми темпами и на смену деревянным лыжам пришли пластиковые. Одним из составляющих компонентов лыж является полимерный композиционный материал (препрег). Поэтому сейчас производство препрега набирает обороты, создаются новые материалы на их основе. Проведенные исследования позволили разработать рецептуру и лабораторную технологию связующего на основе вторичных терпеноидных продуктов для изготовления препрега с дальнейшим использованием его при производстве пластиковых лыж. Полученные экспериментальные образцы лыж на производственных площадях филиала «Телеханы» Республиканского производственно-торгового унитарного предприятия «Беларусьторг» Управления делами Президента Республики Беларусь, по своим эксплуатационным свойствам находятся на уровне нормативных показателей. Currently, skiing is very popular. Therefore, the demand for skis is constantly increasing. The development of the national ski industry is an important direction for our country. The ski industry is developing rapidly and plastic skis have replaced wooden skis. One of the components of skis is a polymer composite material (prepreg). Therefore, now the production of prepreg is increasing, many new materials on its basis are created. Our research has allowed us to develop a formulation and laboratory technology of a binder based on secondary terpenoid products for the production of prepreg for its further use in the production of plastic skis. Experimental samples of skis obtained at the production arears of the «Telehany» of the Republican production trade unitary enterprise «Belarustorg» of the administrative department of the President of the Republic of Belarus are at the level of standard indicators for their operational properties.
21
Matsumura, Seiji, Ken Ohta, Shin-ichiroh Yamamoto, Yasuharu Koike, and Toshitaka Kimura. "Comfortable and Convenient Turning Skill Assessment for Alpine Skiers Using IMU and Plantar Pressure Distribution Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030834.
Full textAbstract:
Improving ski-turn skills is of interest to both competitive and recreational skiers, but it is not easy to improve on one’s own. Although studies have reported various methods of ski-turn skill evaluation, a simple method that can be used by oneself has not yet been established. In this study, we have proposed a comfortable method to assess ski-turn skills; this method enables skiers to easily understand the relationship between body control and ski motion. One expert skier and four intermediate skiers participated in this study. Small inertial measurement units (IMUs) and mobile plantar pressure distribution sensors were used to capture data while skiing, and three ski-turn features—ski motion, waist rotation, and how load is applied to the skis—as well as their symmetry, were assessed. The results showed that the motions of skiing and the waist in the expert skier were significantly larger than those in intermediate skiers. Additionally, we found that the expert skier only slightly used the heel to apply a load to the skis (heel load ratio: approximately 60%) and made more symmetrical turns than the intermediate skiers did. This study will provide a method for recreational skiers, in particular, to conveniently and quantitatively evaluate their ski-turn skills by themselves.
22
Supej, Matej. "Differential Specific Mechanical Energy as a Quality Parameter in Racing Alpine Skiing." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 2 (2008): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.2.121.
Full textAbstract:
An important question in alpine skiing is how to determine characteristics of well-performed ski turns, an issue that has become more crucial with the arrival of new carving skis. This article introduces a new method for estimating the quality of skiing at each point of observation based on mechanical energy behavior that can be measured using established motion analysis techniques. It can be used for single-or multiple-skier analyses for evaluation of skiing technique as well as racing tactics. An illustration of its use is shown by analyzing 16 top-level racers using a 3-D kinematical system and video recorded during an alpine ski world cup race. Based on energy behavior of several racers, it is demonstrated that the most direct line with shortest radius of turn is not necessarily the most effective strategy in contrast to what some coaches believe.
23
Ruiz-García, Isidoro, Ismael Navarro-Marchal, Javier Ocaña-Wilhelmi, Alberto J. Palma, Pablo J. Gómez-López, and Miguel A. Carvajal. "Development and Evaluation of a Low-Drift Inertial Sensor-Based System for Analysis of Alpine Skiing Performance." Sensors 21, no. 7 (2021): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072480.
Full textAbstract:
In skiing it is important to know how the skier accelerates and inclines the skis during the turn to avoid injuries and improve technique. The purpose of this pilot study with three participants was to develop and evaluate a compact, wireless, and low-cost system for detecting the inclination and acceleration of skis in the field based on inertial measurement units (IMU). To that end, a commercial IMU board was placed on each ski behind the skier boot. With the use of an attitude and heading reference system algorithm included in the sensor board, the orientation and attitude data of the skis were obtained (roll, pitch, and yaw) by IMU sensor data fusion. Results demonstrate that the proposed IMU-based system can provide reliable low-drifted data up to 11 min of continuous usage in the worst case. Inertial angle data from the IMU-based system were compared with the data collected by a video-based 3D-kinematic reference system to evaluate its operation in terms of data correlation and system performance. Correlation coefficients between 0.889 (roll) and 0.991 (yaw) were obtained. Mean biases from −1.13° (roll) to 0.44° (yaw) and 95% limits of agreements from 2.87° (yaw) to 6.27° (roll) were calculated for the 1-min trials. Although low mean biases were achieved, some limitations arose in the system precision for pitch and roll estimations that could be due to the low sampling rate allowed by the sensor data fusion algorithm and the initial zeroing of the gyroscope.
24
Johnson, Robert J., Carl F. Ettlinger, and Jasper E. Shealy. "Myths Concerning Alpine Skiing Injuries." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 1, no. 6 (2009): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738109347964.
Full textAbstract:
There are many commonly discussed myths about ski safety that are propagated by industry, physicians, and skiers. Through a review of the literature concerning 12 such topics, this article demonstrates that the following are untrue: (1) Broken legs have been traded for blown-out knees. (2) If you know your DIN (a slang term for release indicator value), you can adjust your own bindings. (3) Toe and heel piece settings must be the same to function properly. (4) Formal ski instruction will make you safer. (5) Very short skis do not need release bindings. (6) Spending a lot of money on children’s equipment is not worth the cost. (7) Children need plenty of room in ski boots for their growing feet. (8) If you think you are going to fall, just relax. (9) Exercise can prevent skiing injuries. (10) Lower release settings can reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. (11) Buying new ski equipment is safer than renting. (12) Skiing is among the most dangerous of activities. It is important for the skiing public, physicians, and all those interested in improving skiing safety to verify the measures they advocate. The statements analyzed here are simply untrue and have the potential to cause harm if taken as fact by those exposed to these unsupported opinions.
25
Hintermeister, R. A., S. M. Colby, G. W. Lange, and J. R. Steadman. "MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN ALPINE SKIING WITH SUPER-SIDECUT AND ALL MOUNTAIN SKIS 888." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 29, Supplement (1997): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-00887.
Full text
26
Savolainen, Sauli. "Theoretical Drag Analysis of a Skier in the Downhill Speed Lace." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 5, no. 1 (1989): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.5.1.26.
Full textAbstract:
The aerodynamics of the skier’s equipment and the effect of postural changes on the aerodynamic forces acting on the skier during downhill speed racing have been studied theoretically. The aerodynamic characteristics of skier and equipment have been determined by a source panel method based on the velocity potential theory. The calculations indicate that the skier’s torso should be slightly lifted from the tangential direction of downhill during skiing, thus causing a lift force and reducing the friction between the skis and snow. The drag of the torso—tilted by a few degrees—will remain almost the same as the drag of the torso in strict tangential direction. The force acting on the skier’s legs can be directed according to individual needs. The shape of the leg spoilers will give the wanted drag/lift ratio. The optimum shape of the helmet depends on the skiing style. The results introduced here are obtained from theoretical calculations, and their validity should first be tested in a wind tunnel and finally during the normal skiing performance. The calculated drag forces, which are based on the velocity potential theory, do not include the base drag of the skier’s body.
27
Talsnes, Rune Kjøsen, Guro Strøm Solli, Jan Kocbach, Per-Øyvind Torvik, and Øyvind Sandbakk. "Laboratory- and field-based performance-predictions in cross-country skiing and roller-skiing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0256662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256662.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the present study was to investigate how various laboratory- and field-based tests predict on-snow cross-country (XC) skiing and roller-skiing performance. Thirty-three national-level male XC skiers (19.0±2.5 years, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 70.8±4.7 mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a 13.6-km roller-ski skating competition tracked by a global positioning system (GPS), which together with individual distance International Ski Federation (FIS) points was used to assess their performance level. On separate days, time in a 6.4-km uphill running time-trial (RUN-TT) and 1.3-km uphill roller-ski double-poling time-trial (DP-TT) was measured in the field and performance indices determined while running and roller-ski skating in the laboratory. The mean finishing times for the RUN-TT and the DP-TT showed moderate to large correlations with distance FIS points and performance in the roller-ski skating competition (r = 0.56–0.72; all p<0.05). RUN-TT was more strongly correlated with distance FIS points than DP-TT (r = 0.72 versus 0.56; p<0.05). Performance indices and VO2max in incremental running and roller-ski skating in the laboratory showed large to very large correlations with distance FIS points and roller-skiing performance (r = 0.50–0.90; all p<0.05). Performance indices and VO2max in running tended to be more strongly correlated with roller-skiing performance than corresponding values obtained while roller-ski skating (all p<0.10). The present findings suggest that both laboratory performance indices and field-based performance tests provide valid predictions of XC skiing and roller-skiing performance in a heterogeneous group of male XC skiers, with test values obtained in running tending to be more strongly correlated with XC skiing performance than those found for technique-specific modalities on roller skis. However, more sophisticated and mode-specific testing might be required for more homogenous groups of elite XC skiers.
28
Ondráček, Jan, Jan Novotný ml., Jan Novotný, and Božena Paugschová. "Zjišťování průběhu změn teploty sněhu v běžecké stopě." Studia sportiva 4, no. 2 (2010): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2010-2-5.
Full textAbstract:
Friction of pair of skis increases the temperature of the snow in the skiing track.Th is temperature is connected with the use of specifi c wax in rising tube in the ski for classic. Th e main aim of our thesis is to fi nd out with a help of infrared thermography if the change of this temperature of skiing track before and aft er passage of the team of skiers is so important that it can infl uence service of skies for competition reasons. To fi nd out the changes of snow temperature in the skiing track we have used thermographical system FLIR SC 620 with frequency sampling of 30Hz.Th is system was used aft er passage of a group of 11 skiers. Signifi cant continual increase of snow temperature has been indicated when group of skiiers passed (0,87±0,153 °C) and decrease to original level 10 - 30 seconds aft er passage of skiers. Flat dynamic thermography could help, on given conditions, for ”correction” of tactic in classical competition with collective start and also when choosing correct wax. In order to be able to get more signifi cant fi ndings it is neccessary to make repeated observations on conditions that are similar to real competition or right during classical competition with the skiing track on plain or ascending surface.
29
Street, Glenn M., and Robert W. Gregory. "Relationship between Glide Speed and Olympic Cross-Country Ski Performance." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, no. 4 (1994): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.4.393.
Full textAbstract:
While the scientific literature has confirmed the importance of high maximal aerobic power to successful cross-country skiing performance, the same cannot be said of skiing technique or gliding characteristics of skis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glide speed was related to Olympic race performance. Male competitors in the 50-km freestyle event were videotaped during the 1992 Winter Olympic Games. Glide speeds of the entire field were measured through a 20-m flat section at the bottom of a 150-m, 12° downhill. A significant correlation (r = -.73) was found between finish time and glide speed, showing that the more successful competitors tended to have faster glide speeds through this section of the course. A predictive model of glide speed suggested that the faster glide speeds were due primarily to differences in friction. There was little evidence to suggest that differences in air drag, body mass, or initial speed accounted for the major differences in glide speeds.
30
Sandbakk, Øyvind, and Hans-Christer Holmberg. "A Reappraisal of Success Factors for Olympic Cross-Country Skiing." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 1 (2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0373.
Full textAbstract:
Cross-country (XC) skiing has been an Olympic event since the first Winter Games in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Due to more effective training and tremendous improvements in equipment and track preparation, the speed of Olympic XC-ski races has increased more than that of any other Olympic endurance sport. Moreover, pursuit, mass-start, and sprint races have been introduced. Indeed, 10 of the 12 current Olympic competitions in XC skiing involve mass starts, in which tactics play a major role and the outcome is often decided in the final sprint. Accordingly, reappraisal of the success factors for performance in this context is required. The very high aerobic capacity (VO2max) of many of today’s world-class skiers is similar that of their predecessors. At the same time, the new events provide more opportunities to profit from anaerobic capacity, upper-body power, high-speed techniques, and “tactical flexibility.” The wide range of speeds and slopes involved in XC skiing requires skiers to continuously alternate between and adapt different subtechniques during a race. This technical complexity places a premium on efficiency. The relative amounts of endurance training performed at different levels of intensity have remained essentially constant during the past 4 decades. However, in preparation for the Sochi Olympics in 2014, XC skiers are performing more endurance training on roller skis on competition-specific terrain, placing greater focus on upper-body power and more systematically performing strength training and skiing at high speeds than previously.
31
Kinnear, Sean. "William D. Frank,Everyone to skis! Skiing in Russia and the rise of Soviet biathlon." Canadian Slavonic Papers 57, no. 3-4 (2015): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2015.1091586.
Full text
32
Heinrich, Dieter, Martin Mössner, Peter Kaps, and Werner Nachbauer. "A Parameter Optimization Method to Determine Ski Stiffness Properties From Ski Deformation Data." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 27, no. 1 (2011): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.27.1.81.
Full textAbstract:
The deformation of skis and the contact pressure between skis and snow are crucial factors for carved turns in alpine skiing. The purpose of the current study was to develop and to evaluate an optimization method to determine the bending and torsional stiffness that lead to a given bending and torsional deflection of the ski. Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and classical torsion theory were applied to model the deformation of the ski. Bending and torsional stiffness were approximated as linear combinations of B-splines. To compute the unknown coefficients, a parameter optimization problem was formulated and successfully solved by multiple shooting and least squares data fitting. The proposed optimization method was evaluated based on ski stiffness data and ski deformation data taken from a recently published simulation study. The ski deformation data were used as input data to the optimization method. The optimization method was capable of successfully reproducing the shape of the original bending and torsional stiffness data of the ski with a root mean square error below 1 N m2. In conclusion, the proposed computational method offers the possibility to calculate ski stiffness properties with respect to a given ski deformation.
33
Doležalová, Hana, and Jakub Krátký. "Běžecké lyžování vozíčkářů venku i vevnitř." Studia sportiva 7, no. 3 (2013): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-3-9.
Full textAbstract:
Wheelchair user and cross country skiing used to be a rare connection in the Czech Republic – especially because of its difficulty incombination with unsatisfactory equipment and the poor track situation. Nowadays the ski tracks are well prepared on many places in our country, also the special equipment – sledge construction with seat matches the standard ski binding and skis. Ski simulator is an inside alternative. The movement is possible due to upper limbs bimanual locomotion and residual muscles of the trunk. It is good to try activating muscles that tend to grow weaker in ordinary life and by contrast reduce the activity of overloaded muscles. The ski simulator allows complex motoric activity that increases the fitness level influencing the ADL (activity of daily living). Cross country skiing for handicapped people can be understood as another possibility how to improve fitness abilities, compensatory locomotion and one of not many activities that can be done during winter and help people to be in the nature and get to up to now inaccessible places at the same time.
34
Ainegren, M., P. Carlsson, and M. Tinnsten. "An experimental study to compare the grip of classical style roller skis with on-snow skiing." Sports Engineering 16, no. 2 (2013): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12283-012-0108-5.
Full text
35
Mikkola, Jussi, Marko Laaksonen, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Ville Vesterinen, and Ari Nummela. "Determinants of a Simulated Cross-Country Skiing Sprint Competition using V2 Skating Technique on Roller Skis." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24, no. 4 (2010): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cbaaaf.
Full text
36
Supej, Matej, and Hans-Christer Holmberg. "How Gate Setup and Turn Radii Influence Energy Dissipation in Slalom Ski Racing." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 4 (2010): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.4.454.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined whether gate setup and turn radii influence energy dissipation in slalom skiing. 3D kinematical measurements were performed over two runs on the same slope in a WC slalom competition with two different gate setups: 1) open gates (OG) and 2) open gates with a delayed gate (DG). Using the arithmetic mean of the skis’ turn radii (RAMS) the slalom turns were divided into 1) initiation phase (RAMS> 15m) and steering phase (RAMS< 15m). The results show differences between OG and DG regarding: 1) the absolute center of gravity’s (CG) velocity, 2) absolute acceleration, 3) CG turn radii andRAMS, 4) ground reaction forces (F) and 5) energy dissipation during skiing (allp< .05). In both gate setups the highestFand the highest energy dissipation were present in the steering phase, whereas the correlation betweenRAMSand energy dissipation was low (OG:r= .364 and DG:r= .214, bothp< .001). In summary, compared with plain open gates, an additional delayed gate prolonged the turn radii and decreased energy dissipation in the beginning of the initiation phase, despite the fact that the relative frequency of occurrence of the highest energy dissipation was higher in DG.
37
Tsatalis, John. "Christina M. Jenkins: Weaving the History of Artificial Hair Extensions." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 4, no. 3 (2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.4.3.20.
Full text
38
Heibel, Haley Danielle, Sidra Ibad, Parneet Dhaliwal, Sharif Currimbhoy, and Clay J. Cockerell. "Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus-Like Drug Eruption Related to Terbinafine in a Male." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 5, no. 4 (2021): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.5.4.19.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with a history of or a predisposition to autoimmune or collagen vascular diseases are inclined to develop drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) due to terbinafine therapy. Here, we report a case of terbinafine-induced SCLE in a male patient, although classic SCLE most commonly affects females, and he did not have a diagnosis of or a history suggestive of a predisposition to autoimmune or collagen vascular diseases. Although the mechanism for terbinafine-induced SCLE has not been fully elucidated, we suggest that there may be distinctive mechanisms of terbinafine-induced SCLE of patients with and without a predisposition to or history of autoimmune or connective tissue diseases, which should be a focus of future research.
39
Nahmias, Zachary P., Tina Hsu, C. Brad Bledsoe, Robert Skinner, and Rebecca Todd-Bell. "Mycobacterium marinum Infection in a Post-Katrina Carpenter: The Importance of Exposures." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 2, no. 3 (2018): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.2.3.10.
Full textAbstract:
Mycobacterium marinum is typically seen in patients who have a history of exposure to aquariums. We report a unique case of M. marinum that developed on the right knee following participation in a Hurricane Katrina reconstruction project. We are hopeful that this report will alert providers to elicit a thorough history and include cultures for less commonly encountered infectious agents along with routine bacterial and fungal stains and cultures when seeing patients with particular exposure histories such as this.
40
Ekici, Didem. "Skin, Clothing, and Dwelling." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 75, no. 3 (2016): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2016.75.3.281.
Full textAbstract:
Gottfried Semper is often credited with originating the concept of the building as skin in architectural theory, but an alternative trajectory of this idea can be found in the mid-nineteenth-century science of hygiene. In Skin, Clothing, and Dwelling: Max von Pettenkofer, the Science of Hygiene, and Breathing Walls, Didem Ekici explores the affinity of skin, clothing, and dwelling in nineteenth-century German thinking, focusing on a marginal figure in architectural history, physician Max von Pettenkofer (1818–1901), the “father of experimental hygiene.” Pettenkofer's concept of clothing and dwelling as skins influenced theories of architecture that emphasized the environmental performance of the architectural envelope. This article examines Pettenkofer's writings and contemporary works on hygiene, ethnology, Kulturgeschichte (cultural history), and linguistics that linked skin, clothing, and dwelling. From nineteenth-century “breathing walls” to today's high-performance envelopes, theories of the building as a regulating membrane are a testament to the unsung legacy of Pettenkofer and the science of hygiene.
41
Meng, Li Qing, Shi Zhe Chen, Yan Wu, and Xue Feng Shu. "Projectile Impact Behaviour of Sandwich Material with Nomex Honeycomb and Metallic Skins." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.632.
Full textAbstract:
Projectile impact test is carried out to investigate damage and failure behaviour under different impact velocity from 90m/s to 160m/s. Strain-time history curve on the control points are analysed in this paper. Sandwich beam dynamic response and the degree of structural degeneration under impact loading both depends on the thickness of metallic skins. The projectile impact test demonstrate difference damage characteristics between the sandwich beams with different thickness skins. The peak stress value are estimated approximately to determine the skin deformation and sandwich beam global damage degree.
42
Hladnik, Jurij, Matej Supej, Janez Vodičar, and Boris Jerman. "The influence of boot longitudinal flexural stiffness on external mechanical work and running economy during skate roller-skiing: A case study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 4 (2019): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119867546.
Full textAbstract:
This case study examines the impact of boot longitudinal flexural stiffness on the total external mechanical work of a skier’s centre of mass per distance travelled in the forward direction ([Formula: see text] EX (J/m)) and on running economy during skate roller-skiing under submaximal steady-state conditions. Moreover, it analyses time derivatives of total W EX, of W EX performed by the roller-skis and poles, respectively, and of the directly useful mechanical work (the sum of the work to overcome centre of mass’ gravity and rolling resistance) within a typical roller-skiing cycle. Multiple roller-skiing trials (G3 technique) were performed by one subject on an inclined treadmill with boots of soft, intermediate, and stiff flexural stiffness. The orientation and magnitude of the roller-ski and pole ground reaction forces, body kinematics, VO2, and lactic acid concentration were monitored. The stiff boots had 13.4% ( p < 0.01) lower [Formula: see text] EX compared to the intermediate boots, and 20.7% ( p < 0.001) lower [Formula: see text] EX compared to the soft boots. Regarding running economy, the soft boots had 2.2% ( p < 0.05) higher VO2 compared to the intermediate boots, but the same VO2 compared to the stiff boots. In conclusion, the soft boots had significantly higher [Formula: see text] EX and running economy, while stiff boots had significantly lower [Formula: see text] EX and intermediate boots significantly lower running economy. Moreover, [Formula: see text] EX appears to be a better indicator of the boot flexural stiffness impact on energy efficiency than running economy.
43
Boldt, Kevin, Anthony Killick, and Walter Herzog. "Quadrupedal Locomotion–Respiration Entrainment and Metabolic Economy in Cross-Country Skiers." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 1 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0243.
Full textAbstract:
A 1:1 locomotion–respiration entrainment is observed in galloping quadrupeds, and is thought to improve running economy. However, this has not been tested directly in animals, as animals cannot voluntarily disrupt this entrainment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolic economy in a human gait involving all four limbs, cross-country skiing, in natural entrainment and forced nonentrainment. Nine elite cross-country skiers roller skied at constant speed using the 2-skate technique. In the first and last conditions, athletes used the natural entrained breathing pattern: inhaling with arm recovery and exhaling with arm propulsion, and in the second condition, the athletes disentrained their breathing pattern. The rate of oxygen uptake (VO2) and metabolic rate (MR) were measured via expired gas analysis. Propulsive forces were measured with instrumented skis and poles. VO2 and MR increased by 4% and 5% respectively when skiers used the disentrained compared with the entrained breathing pattern. There were no differences in ski or pole forces or in timing of the gait cycle between conditions. We conclude that breathing entrainment reduces metabolic cost of cross-country skiing by approximately 4%. Further, this reduction is likely a result of the entrainment rather than alterations in gait mechanics.
44
Rosen, Alyx, Evan Darwin, and Jennifer N. Choi. "Capecitabine-Induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 2, no. 1 (2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.2.1.9.
Full textAbstract:
Capecitabine is a fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) used in the treatment of metastatic breast and colorectal cancers. Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (DI-SCLE) is a rare side effect of capecitabine therapy, with eight cases previously reported. We report a case of DI-SCLE in a patient with a documented history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This is the second documented case of DI-SCLE in a patient with a past medical history of SLE, and provides evidence that there may be an increased risk of DI-SCLE in these patients. Further research should examine whether patients with SLE are at greater risk for this adverse event.
45
Sidorova, T., S. Kotliar, and V. Gorinа. "Features of training students of higher educational institutions in the specialization of sports games and single combats ski training." Єдиноборства, no. 3(21) (June 1, 2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/ed.2021-3.06.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: to reveal the peculiarities of teaching students of higher educational institutions of specializations of sports games and martial arts ski training. Material and methods. To solve the set tasks, we conducted a study in the 2020/2021 academic year with students of the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture in the amount of 45 people, aged 18-20 years, for three weeks. Students were taught skiing techniques both according to the traditional system (control group) and according to the methodology developed by us (experimental groups). The time for learning the technique of skiing in both groups was the same 15 classes of classical style and 15 classes of skating style for 90 minutes each (according to the work program of the discipline), but the teaching methods in the experimental groups differed. The following methods were used during the research: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature sources, working curricula and practical experience of teachers; analysis of information on the Internet; pedagogical observations; method of expert assessments; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: as a result of the study, it was found that students of the experimental group (E1) received significantly better scores than the control group for performing the technique of movement in the classical style, the average score - 6.30, and the control group - 5.68 points (t=3,6; p<0,01), for performing the technique of skating style score (E1) was 6.18 points, and the control group – 5,25 points (t=5,2; p<0,01). Students of the experimental group (E2) for performing the technique of classical movement style received an average score of 5.93, compared with the control group - 5.68 points, no significant difference was found (p>0,05), the average score of the group (E2) for performing skating style was 5.90 points, and the control group – 5,25 points, which is significantly better (t=3,8; p<0,01). Conclusions. The use of different teaching methods, taking into account sports specializations, as well as the development of leading motor skills, has improved the learning outcomes of students of higher education specializations in sports games and martial arts ski training. As a result of the use of simulation and special training exercises without skis and on skis at the beginning of classes on the technique of classical and skating skiing, students of the group significantly improved the mastery of ski training on all indicators (p<0,01–0,05). Keywords: ski training, educational process, students, sports games, martial arts, motor abilities.
46
Leppävuori, Antti P., Matti Karras, Heikki Rusko, and Jukka T. Viitasaio. "A New Method of Measuring 3-D Ground Reaction Forces under the Ski during Skiing on Snow." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 9, no. 4 (1993): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.9.4.315.
Full textAbstract:
A new method was developed for measuring the distribution of real time ground reaction forces under the snow ski. A platform composed of 20 separate beams was buried in snow under the ski track. Vertical, cross horizontal, and longitudinal horizontal force components were measured with strain gauge bridges separately on each beam, and the results were recorded with a data logger at 90 Hz. The test results for two types of skating skis are described. Anomalous behavior was observed in horizontal force components, where negative force values were recorded on some sections of the ski at the end of the initial kick phase. This suggests that some parts of the ski edge pushed in the opposite direction from the kicking force. This is interpreted to be due to a sharp bending along the bottom edge of the ski. It is concluded that the method could be used to measure 3-D dynamic forces under snow.
47
Sahashi, Toshio, and Shoji Ichino. "Experimental Study of the Mechanism of Skiing Turns. III. Measurement of Edging Angles of Skis on Snow Surface." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 35, Part 1, No. 4A (1996): 2377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.35.2377.
Full text
48
Fujita, Zenya, Yoshihisa Sakurai, and Yusuke Ishige. "A study of the choice of sub-techniques and skis for classical-style cross-country skiing: Focusing on the double poling and herringbone sub-techniques with skating-style skis." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 61, no. 1 (2016): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.15072.
Full text
49
Galimberti, Fabrizio Vittorio, and Gregory Perez. "Cutaneous Metastasis from Gastric Carcinoma, an Uncommon Clinical Presentation." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 3, no. 6 (2019): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.3.6.5.
Full textAbstract:
Cutaneous metastases are a late event associated with poor prognosis. Here we report a case of gastric carcinoma associated cutaneous metastasis in a patient who reported a history of an unspecified malignancy under remission. This case report serves to highlight cutaneous metastases as a rare late complications of malignancies, including those that may have been previously considered in remission, associated with poor prognosis.
50
Watchmaker, Jacqueline, Sean Legler, Dianne De Leon, Vanessa Pascoe, and Robert Stavert. "Clinical Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Strongyloidiasis in a United States Urban Outpatient Dermatology Department: A Case Series." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 1, no. 3 (2017): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.1.3.8.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Although considered a tropical disease, strongyloidiasis may be encountered in non-endemic regions, primarily amongst immigrants and travelers from endemic areas. Chronic strongyloides infection may be under-detected owing to its non-specific cutaneous presentation and the low sensitivity of commonly used screening tools. Methods: 18 consecutive patients with serologic evidence of strongyloides infestation who presented to a single urban, academic dermatology clinic between September 2013 and October 2016 were retrospectively included. Patient age, sex, country of origin, strongyloides serology titer, absolute eosinophil count, presenting cutaneous manifestations, and patient reported subjective outcome of pruritus after treatment were obtained via chart review. Results: Of the 18 patients, all had non-specific pruritic dermatoses, 36% had documented eosinophila and none were originally from the United States. A majority reported subjective improvement in their symptoms after treatment. Conclusion: Strongyloides infection and serologic testing should be considered in patients living in non-endemic regions presenting with pruritic dermatoses and with a history of exposure to an endemic area.Key Points:Chronic strongyloidiasis can be encountered in non-endemic areas and clinical manifestations are variableEosinophilia was not a reliable indicator of chronic infection in this case series Dermatologists should consider serologic testing for strongyloidiasis in patients with a history of exposure and unexplained pruritus