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Cheung, Andrew. "Functional and foreignisation : applying skopos theory to bible translation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3547/.
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This thesis considers the practice of Bible translation from the perspective of contemporary translation studies and provides a fresh translation and accompanying commentary of aspects of Paul's Letter to the Romans. The emergence of functionalism, particularly skopos theory, in the latter part of the 20th century is seen as a key moment in the development of translation theory. The thesis argues that it has significant advantages over source text orientated approaches which have traditionally dominated Bible translation practice. An essential history documents this evolution of theoretical developments in translation study. The advantages of skopos theory over equivalence-based approaches are discussed with particular reference to Bible translation theory and the work of E. A. Nida. The functionalist approach increases the range of possible translations, with this thesis adopting a foreignising purpose in a new translation of Romans 1:1-15, 15:14-16:27. The foreignising approach owes its origins to F. Schleiermacher (popularised more recently by L. Venuti among others) and involves rendering a text so as to preserve or heighten the sense of otherness of the source text, thereby retaining something of the foreignness of the original. An accompanying commentary is provided to explain the translator's choices.
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Pisacane, Claudia. "Skopos Theory La figura del traduttore come decoder e re-encoder." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8926/.
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La Skopos Theory è una teoria introdotta nel mondo della traduzione dal linguista tedesco Hans Joseph Vermeer. Skopos è una parola di derivazione greca che significa “fine” o “scopo”. La teoria elaborata da Vermeer si basa sull’idea che ogni testo abbia uno skopos che determina i metodi e le strategie secondo le quali esso debba essere tradotto. Oltre alla Skopos Theory, che sarà la base della tesi, i testi a seguire verranno analizzati seguendo altri autori, quali Mona Baker e Laurence Venuti, che si rifanno all’idea di skopos e analizzano molto dettagliatamente la figura del traduttore come de-coder e re-encoder del testo.
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Attåsen, Micaela. "Sommarborna : En konstprosaisk översättning med kommentar av en skräcknovell av Shirley Jackson." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193660.
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Detta arbete utgörs av en skönlitterär översättning från engelska till svenska med tillhörande kommentar. Texten som har översatts är skräcknovellen The Summer People av den amerikanska författaren Shirley Jackson (1916–1965). En källtextnära översättningsprincip upprättades för översättningsarbetet baserat på teorier om skopos, polysystemteori samt domesticering/exotisering. Översättningskommentaren innehåller en redogörelse för de översättningsstrategier som tillämpats vad gäller överföring av källtextens kultur- och tidsspecifika referenser, talspråksmarkörer och stilistiska drag. Det utfördes även en mindre specialundersökning bestående av en kvalitativ jämförelse mellan svenska översättningar av Shirley Jacksons romaner utförda av Inger Edelfeldt och Torkel Franzén. Specialundersökningen visade att Edelfeldt tog sig något större friheter med texten, och framför allt Franzéns översättning hade stora likheter med den aktuella översättningen av The Summer People.This paper consists of a commented translation of literary fiction from English to Swedish. The translated text is a short story of the horror genre called The Summer People by the American author Shirley Jackson (1916–1965). A source text-oriented translation principle was established for the translation task based on theories such as skopos, polysystem theory and domestication/foreignization. The commentary contains an account for the translational strategies that were applied regarding transfer of culture- and period-specific references, indications of spoken language, and literary style in the source text. An additional minor study was also carried out, consisting of a qualitative comparison between translations of Shirley Jackson’s novels executed by Inger Edelfeldt and Torkel Franzén. The additional study showed that Edelfeldt made slightly more alterations of the text, and Franzén’s translation in particular showed striking similarities to the current translation of The Summer People.
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Laurer, Janin. "The translation of song lyrics in popular music : German lyrics and their translation into English." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79882.
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This study investigates the translation of song lyrics and presents an analysis of translation outcomes. While the majority of previous studies regarding song translation focuses on the translation of lyrics from musicals and operas, this study focuses on the translation of popular song lyrics. The lyrics of eight German songs and their English versions were analysed using the approximation approach (Franzon 2009) which divides smaller textual units into the categories paraphrase, metaphrase and addition. The target texts (henceforth TT) were also categorised according to Peter Low’s (2013) song translation categories, translation, adaptation and replacement text. The aim of this study is to determine to what degree the meaning of the source texts (henceforth ST) is transferred into the TTs and to determine how Franzon’s approximation approach can be used to determine if the TTs are translations, adaptations, or replacement texts. This study found that all TTs were mostly made up of paraphrases and metaphrases, which means that all TT derived to most parts directly from the STs i.e. the TT was written using mostly direct and oblique translations. Due to the low frequency of additions and all significant details of the STs being transferred into the TTs, all song translations analysed in this study were categorised as translations.
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Giardina, Eleonora. "Gaelic Literature in Translation: the Effect of English Within and Beyond the Contact Zone The Case of Italian Translations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17620/.
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In un contesto di lingue minoritarie, come nel caso del gaelico scozzese, la traduzione letteraria verso lingue maggioritarie può avere una natura ambivalente: se da un lato garantisce la diffusione di una letteratura altrimenti isolata, dall’altro potrebbe perpetuare degli squilibri di potere che spesso caratterizzano i rapporti tra la cultura dominante e la cultura minoritaria. Se questo è specialmente vero nella traduzione dal gaelico all’inglese, lingua la cui espansione è avvenuta a scapito della cultura gaelica, è possibile che anche nelle traduzioni italiane, prodotte generalmente tramite la versione inglese, tali squilibri vengano riconfermati. Nella presente tesi verranno analizzate le circostanze che hanno portato alla minoritizzazione del gaelico, individuando certe dinamiche riconducibili al postcolonialismo. Si commenterà il dibattito prettamente scozzese sulle più comuni pratiche di traduzione e pubblicazione utilizzate nell’editoria gaelica, adottando una prospettiva che mutua dai Minority Translation Studies, secondo cui la traduzione, se usata correttamente, può essere uno strumento capace di invertire il declino di una lingua minoritaria. Infine, si analizzeranno le risposte dei poeti gaelici e dei traduttori che ne hanno reso le opere fruibili in Italia. La ricerca svelerà che le attuali pratiche editoriali riguardanti la poesia gaelica, spesso a favore di un pubblico anglofono, non rispecchiano la diversità di posizioni degli autori intervistati, e dunque si raccomanderà l’adozione di pratiche per un panorama editoriale più rappresentativo. Lo studio mostrerà anche come, nonostante i traduttori italiani abbiano generalmente adottato strategie per compensare la scarsa conoscenza del gaelico, maggiore consapevolezza e ulteriori strategie siano necessarie affinché le pratiche traduttive e editoriali in Italia possano essere il più possibile vantaggiose alla promozione e alla rivitalizzazione della lingua, della letteratura e della cultura gaeliche.
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Di, Rienzo Margherita. "DIVULGAZIONE SCIENTIFICA E TRADUZIONE Il caso di: Alla scoperta del microbioma umano. Flora batterica, nutrizione e malattie del progresso” di Fabio Piccini." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14163/.
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Ogni testo di divulgazione scientifica ha come suo obiettivo principale la diffusione tra un pubblico di non specialisti delle conoscenze ottenute attraverso la ricerca. Per ottenere questo risultato, un testo di divulgazione scientifica deve necessariamente utilizzare un linguaggio accessibile al pubblico al quale è destinato, un linguaggio che renda meno oscuro, meno incomprensibile il linguaggio utilizzato per la comunicazione tra gli scienziati. Esso trasforma il discorso scientifico modificandone il linguaggio, traducendolo nei termini del linguaggio comune .
Un testo di divulgazione scientifica può essere a sua volta oggetto di traduzione; la traduzione di questo genere di testi presenta caratteristiche particolari, in primo luogo in ragione del fatto che si tratta di un secondo grado di traduzione, poiché il testo di partenza costituisce già un adattamento in un linguaggio diverso di un altro o altri testi .
Questa traduzione “di secondo grado” costituisce l’oggetto delle pagine che seguono: cercheremo di fornire una descrizione che ne metta in luce le caratteristiche peculiari, di enumerare le difficoltà che essa può comportare e, nei limiti delle nostre possibilità, di proporre alcune strategie per risolverle.
Come fondamento di questa descrizione proponiamo la traduzione in francese di un testo di divulgazione in lingua italiana, dedicato a un tema di attualità scientifica: la ricerca relativa al microbioma umano.
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Гэ, М. Д., and M. D. Ge. "Перевод русско-китайских рекламных текстов : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/104042.
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Данная работа посвящена переводческому исследованию о переводе рекламных текстов с русского языка на китайский в свете теории скопоса. С развитием глобализации торговые обмены между странами всё более и более оживляются, многие компании и фирмы начали осуществлять транснациональные стратегии и активно расширять рынки за рубежом. На фоне информатизации люди стали обращать особое внимание на рекламирование, являющееся важным средством передачи информации о товарах и услугах. По указанной причине постепенно повышается статус перевода рекламных текстов, служащего посредничеством транснациональной торговли и межкультурной коммуникации. В последние годы китайско-российские экономические связи бурно развиваются, русская продукция в большом объёме продаётся на китайском рынке. В связи с этим исследование перевода рекламных текстов с русского на китайский язык имеет большое актуальное значение и необходимо на современном этапе развития межкультурных отношений. В 1970-е годы в Германии возникла новая теория перевода– функциональная теория перевода, основной частью которой является теория скопоса, ставит проблему перевода рекламных текстов под новый угол зрения. Основная идея теории такова: перевод – это особая форма деятельности человека, она имеет свою определенную цель, на основании которой можно принимать подходящие переводческие стратегии и методы в процессе перевода. Теория скопоса имеет своей целью перевод рекламы с оригинального языка, и этот перевод представляет собой целенаправленные тексты. Поэтому в данной работе теория скопоса может с успехом применяться для перевода рекламы. Теоретическая и практическая значимость данного исследования заключается в том, что, с одной стороны, была найдена новая теория для анализа переводных русских рекламных текстов, а с другой, результаты исследования могут способствовать дальнейшему укреплению и развитию торговых обменов и межкультурной коммуникации между Китаем и Россией.This work is devoted to the study of translation of advertising texts from Russian to Chinese according to skpos theory. With the development of globalization, trade between countries is becoming more and more active, and many enterprises and business firms have started to implement transnational strategies and actively expand overseas markets. In the context of informationization, people began to pay special attention to advertising, which is an important means of transmitting information about goods and services. For this reason, the status of translation of advertising texts is gradually increasing, becoming an intermediary for transnational trade and cross-cultural communication. In recent years, Russian-Chinese economic relations have developed rapidly, and Russian products are sold in large quantities to the Chinese market. In this regard, the study of translation of Russian advertising texts into Chinese is very important and necessary at the current stage of development of intercultural relations. In the 1970s, a new translation theory appeared in Germany - functional translation theory, the main part of which is the theory of scope, addressing the problem of translation of advertising texts from a new perspective. The main idea of the theory is that translation is a special form of human activity, which has its own specific objectives, on the basis of which it is possible to use appropriate translation strategies and methods in the translation process. The purpose theory aims to translate ads from the original language, and this translation represents the target text. Therefore, in this work, the purpose theory can be successfully applied to translate advertisements. The theoretical and practical significance of this study is that, on the one hand, a new theory is found for the analysis of translated texts of Russian advertisements, and on the other hand, the results of the research can further strengthen and develop trade and cross-cultural communication. Russian-Chinese communication. trade and cross-cultural Russian-Chinese communication.
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Aineström, Catharina. "Kreativmetropole, Rundumsorgloswohlfühlpakete und Wunsch-Location : Berücksichtigung der Textfunktion und des Textstils bei der Übersetzung eines webbasierten Tourismustextes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20885.
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ABSTRACT This essay deals with translation issues, mainly in regard to text function and text norms, which arose during the transfer of a German source text, situated within the field of tourism, into a Swedish target text. Special attention was paid to anglicisms, a typical feature of German marketing language and also a key stylistic feature of the source text at hand. A challenge to translators in general is which textual and cultural considerations, besides considerations of language, should be taken into account in the translation process. In translation literature semantics and pragmatics have received considerable attention. The analysis in this particular essay was based on the skopos theory and Reiss’ translation-oriented text typology. The analysis showed that the source text has an operative function, meaning that it is aimed at influencing the reader in a specific direction, but at the same time fulfills an informative function. Both these functions must be reflected in the translation. The comparison of text norms of tourist texts showed that the use of anglicisms is less common in Swedish tourist texts than in German tourist texts, and therefore many of the anglicisms in the source text were exchanged for equivalent Swedish expressions in the target text. When an equivalent anglicism was not available, the denotation was expressed in accordance with the function of that particular linguistic element, which means that in some cases semantic equivalence was attained and in some cases priority was given to text-normative and pragmatic equivalence.
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Fuchs, Sandra Navarro. "Orientações culturais e suas implicações para a tradução funcionalista: um estudo na área do turismo à luz da Linguística de Corpus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-27082018-165601/.
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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação das diferenças de orientações culturais entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos a partir da análise de um corpus de resenhas de viajantes e aplicar esses resultados em uma proposta de tradução funcionalista na área do turismo. Cultura, neste trabalho, é entendida como sistema compartilhado para a interpretação da realidade e organização da experiência (Katan, 2004: 26), noção relacionada às orientações culturais ou tendências que as culturas desenvolvem para determinados padrões de percepção da realidade. Adotamos o referencial teórico de três áreas: Estudos Interculturais para a eleição do modelo de orientações culturais que norteia a análise (Hall, 1977; Hofstede, 2001; Trompenaars e Hampden-Turner, 2012; Walker et al. 2003); Linguística de Corpus e sua perspectiva da linguagem como sistema probabilístico (Sinclair, 1991); Teoria Funcionalista da Tradução (Vermeer, 1989) e seu enfoque na função comunicativa do texto final como o fio condutor das estratégias tradutórias. O corpus de estudo é composto por resenhas de hotéis extraídas do site TripAdvisor, escritas em inglês por americanos e em português por brasileiros. Foram compiladas 15 mil resenhas, totalizando 2.160.333 palavras, divididas em dois subcorpora em cada idioma: resenhas de americanos sobre hotéis nos EUA e sobre hotéis no Brasil; resenhas de brasileiros sobre hotéis nos EUA e sobre hotéis no Brasil. Esse corpus foi explorado com o auxílio do software WordSmith Tools 7 (Scott, 2016). No total, foram apresentadas nove análises, com base nas palavras-chave das cinco categorias semânticas estabelecidas: VALOR/JULGAMENTO Brazilian (standards) e star; ATENDIMENTO staff e complain; ESTADIA experience e disappointing; ESTRUTURA FÍSICA room e lobby; COMODIDADES breakfast. A cultura americana foi caracterizada pelas orientações à comunicação low context, ao individualismo, ao pensamento indutivolinear e ao universalismo. Dentre outras características, observou-se uma alta expectativa de que a estrutura física e os serviços prestados pelo hotel sejam consistentes e compatíveis com o padrão da rede e categoria de estrelas. A cultura brasileira demonstrou tendência às orientações à comunicação high context, ao coletivismo, ao pensamento dedutivo-sistêmico e ao particularismo. Como consequência, as resenhas dos brasileiros demonstram ser mais pautadas em descrições gerais e impressões pessoais do que em critérios concretos e objetivos. Esses e outros achados embasaram a proposta de tradução funcionalista (português > inglês) de um site de hotel, demonstrando que o conhecimento sobre as orientações culturais, quando aplicado à tradução no âmbito do turismo, permite que se produza um texto final alinhado à sua função informativa e persuasiva.The aim of this research is to carry out a cross-cultural corpus-based analysis of Brazilian and American travelers reviews, interpreting results within the theoretical frame of cultural orientations. We then apply the findings to a functionalist translation of a tourism text. Culture is defined as a \"shared system for interpreting reality and organizing experience\" (Katan, 2004: 26), which is closely related to the concept of cultural orientations or tendencies that cultures develop towards certain patterns of perception. This research draws on the principles of three major areas: Intercultural Studies for selecting the cultural orientations model that underpins the analysis (Hall, 1977; Hofstede, 2001; Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner, 2012; Walker et al., 2003); Corpus Linguistics and its perspective of language as a probabilistic system (Sinclair, 1991); and the Skopos Theory of Translation (Vermeer, 1989) that sees the communicative function of the target text as the guiding principle behind translation strategies. The study corpus is comprised of TripAdvisor hotel reviews written in English by American travelers and in Portuguese by Brazilian travelers. A total of 15,000 reviews and 2,160,333 words were compiled, divided into two subcorpora in each language: American reviews of hotels in the USA and hotels in Brazil; Brazilian reviews of hotels in the USA and hotels in Brazil. This corpus was explored with the aid of WordSmith Tools 7 (Scott, 2016). A total of nine analyses were presented, based on keywords from five semantic categories: VALUE/JUDGMENT - \'Brazilian (standards)\' and \'star\'; SERVICE - \'staff\' and \'complain\'; STAY - \'experience\' and \'disappointing\'; PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES - \'room\' and \'lobby\'; AMENITIES - \'breakfast\'. Americans displayed a low-context orientation to communication, linear-inductive orientation to thinking as well as individualism and universalistic orientations. As a consequence, Americans showed high expectation for consistency and compatibility among hotel physical attributes, services provided and hotel chain or star rating. Brazilians exhibited cultural orientations towards high-context communication, deductive-systemic thinking, particularism and collectivism. Among other characteristics, Brazilian reviews proved to be mostly based on general descriptions and personal impressions rather than concrete and objective criteria. These and other findings created the basis for our functionalist approach to a translation (Portuguese > English) of a hotel website, thus showing that an understanding of cultural orientations plays a role in tourism translation, helping ensure the target tourism text reaches its informative and persuasive functions.
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Parmbäck, Helene. "Transhumances, troilles et trinqueballes : Une approche fonctionnaliste de la traduction de termes liés au milieu montagnard français." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65950.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the author’s Swedish translation of French specific terms linked to a particular theme: mountain life in old time France. Which translation techniques are used, and how can these be related to the target text’s function? This is done from a functionalist point of view, where Reiss and Vermeer’s skopos theory and Nord’s translation brief model provide a theoretical base. This approach is used in combination with terminological concepts and Vinay and Darbelnet’s different translation techniques. These are slightly modified to accommodate for other elements, such as the voluntary omission of a term. The source text is a chapter from a book on the Hautes-Alpes, translated for the Swedish Alpine Club’s imaginary jubilee book on mountain life around the world. A total of 98 different terms are identified and classified into three groups according to their characteristics: special terms, local terms and general terms. The approach is mainly a qualitative one, analyzing a selection of terms. Some quantitative data is presented as a reference point for the analysis. The results suggest that the definition of a skopos does not provide any clear indications regarding the translation technique used, and there does not seem to be any strong causal relations between the type of term, the skopos and the translation technique. The translation techniques using equivalence, modulation, omission and explanatory additions are the most commonly used. In each individual translation case, there is an interaction between the rule of coherence and the rule of fidelity. This requires a great deal of flexibility when it comes to finding a target text solution that is coherent for the reader identified in the translation brief. No standardized solutions are offered and the skopos oriented translation will use a wide variety of translation techniques.
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Nielsen, Oskar. "Dazai på svenska : En kommenterad översättning av novellerna 走れメロス – Hashire Merosu (”Spring, Moerus!”) och 富嶽百景 – Fugaku Hyakkei (”Hundra vyer över Fuji”) av Osamu Dazai." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117809.
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Denna uppsats består av två översättningar av den japanska författaren Osamu Dazais noveller Spring, Moerus! och Hundra vyer över Fuji från japanska till svenska samt en analys som ur ett litteratur-vetenskapligt perspektiv hjälper till att fastställa översättningsstrategin – att göra en adekvansinriktad och främmandegörande översättning. Översättningarna följs av en översättningsteoretisk kommentar som fokuserar på de tre problemområdena grammatik och lexikon, menings- och styckesstruktur samt passivering. Ett litteraturvetenskapligt perspektiv för källtextanalysen visar sig vara mycket tillämpbart för dessa texter på grund av deras genre, jag-romanen, som är typisk för japansk 1900-talslitteratur. Källtexterna och måltexterna finns med som bilagor.This essay consists of two translations of the two Japanese short stories Hashire Merosu and Fugaku Hyakkei (in Swedish Spring Moerus! and Hundra vyer över Fuji) by the author Osamu Dazai from Japanese to Swedish. An analysis through a literary science perspective helps to establish the translation strategy, which is to make an adequate and foreignized translation. The translations are followed by a theoretical translation annotation which focuses on the issues of grammar and lexicon, sentence and paragraph structure along with the usage of the passive form. A literary science perspective on the source text analysis proves to be very applicable for these texts because of their genre, the I-novel, which is typical for 20th century Japanese literature. The source and target texts are available as appendixes at the end of the essay.
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Braga, Guilherme da Silva. "Arthur Machen e O grande deus Pã : uma proposta funcionalista de tradução retrospectiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143657.
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A partir da teoria do escopo formulada por Katharina Reiß e Hans Vermeer em Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) e de uma expansão do modelo de análise textual de relevância tradutória apresentado por Christiane Nord em Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), a presente tese de doutorado apresenta um novo modelo teórico para a execução da TRADUÇÃO RETROSPECTIVA, definida como a tradução a posteriori de um TP (texto precursor) ainda inédito na cultura-alvo que mantenha uma relação de influência e/ou precedência cronológica com um TS (texto sucessor) já traduzido anteriormente para a cultura-alvo, de maneira que a tradução de TP cause a impressão de ser anterior e/ou de ter influenciado a tradução de TS. A tradução retrospectiva tem por objetivo simular, na culturaalvo, a relação existente entre o original de TP e o original de TS na cultura-fonte através de uma inversão das relações de influência literária segundo os moldes propostos por Jorge Luis Borges no ensaio “Kafka y sus precursores”. Uma vez exposto o modelo teórico, o trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o volume O grande deus Pã, totalmente concebido em função de uma tradução retrospectiva do TP The Great God Pan, de Arthur Machen, feita com uma visada sobre o TS “The Dunwich Horror”, de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, traduzido anteriormente por mim.By building on the Skopos theory proposed by Katharina Reiß and Hans Vermeer in Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) and on an expansion of the model for text analysis in translation presented by Christiane Nord in Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), this doctoral dissertation introduces a new theoretical model for RETROSPECTIVE TRANSLATION, defined as an a posteriori translation of a PT (precursor text) still unpublished in the target culture which in turn maintains a relationship of influence and/or chronological precedence with an ST (successor text) previously translated in the target culture, so that the translation of PT may seem to have anticipated and/or influenced the translation of ST. The objective of a retrospective translation is to simulate, in the target culture, the existing relation between the original of PT and the original of ST in the source culture by promoting an inversion of traditional literary influence relations inspired by Jorge Luis Borges's essay “Kafka and his precursors”. Once the theoretical model is laid out, there follows a case study of the volume O grande deus Pã, entirely conceived around a retrospective translation of the PT The Great God Pan, by Arthur Machen, done with a backward glance toward the ST “The Dunwich Horror”, by Howard Phillips Lovecraft, previously translated by me.
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Fails, Simone S. G. C. "Algumas Teorias da Tradução e Suas Implicações na Tradução do Conto "Mammon and the Archer" de O. Henry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3871.
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This paper contains an overview of some of the main 20th Century tendencies in translation theory. It focus especially on matters of equivalence, dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, skopos, abusive fidelity and foreignizing translation or resistant translation and their implications for actual translations. This paper also includes translations prepared according to the principles of abusive fidelity, equivalence and dynamic equivalence, which are compared and commented.
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Strand, Aysel, and Karina Telmanova. "Skolors arbete mot kränkande behandling och mobbning : En kvalitativ tematisk analys av skolors handlingsplaner." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-441674.
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In this qualitative study, eight school policies against degrading treatment and bullying, which were applied in eight municipalities in six different counties in Sweden, were analyzed to study what interventions the schools used to prevent degrading treatment and bullying and what course of actions the schools took in case such behavior was shown. These policies were analyzed with thematic analysis, which involved finding codes in the qualitative data and developing them into themes within the data. As a result, the study showed that 130 interventions were used in these schools. These interventions were developed into 59 themes, which were categorized according to the frame factor theory, which included four frames: judicial, administrative, physical, and social frames. They were also categorized into five levels, at which they were applied: school-level, classroom-level, individual-level, school-level interventions that were applied by students, and security-level. The first three levels were taken from Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP), and the following two levels were constructed during the study. The results showed that the four frames and the interventions in them intervened more with each other than it was originally discussed in the frame factor theory, as well as with the different levels at which they were used. The results also suggested the necessity of a remodeling of the theory in the light of conclusions based on the data and changes in school as an institution caused by changes in society. Keywords: Middle school policies, thematic analysis, frame factor theory, degrading treatment, bullying.
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Hajo, Medya. "Utgör deltagardemokrati ett hot eller komplement till den representativa demokratin? : En kvalitativ jämförande fallstudie av boenderådet i Hovsjö och ungdomsrådet i Västra-Skogås inom ramen för storstadssatsningen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15827.
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The aim of this study is to investigate wether the participatory democracy is a threat or a complement to the representative democracy. To achieve my purpose I will focus on two different lokal councils, the civil council in Hovsjö and the youth council in Västra Skogås, which have been objects of the urban policy in 1998. The theoretical framework on which this study is based consists of the participation democratic theory, representative democratic theory and implementation theory. By problemizing these theoretical frameworks in comparison with eachother I will mapp how these two lokal councils were implemented. The research question is: In what way was the civil council and the youth council a complement or threat to the representative democracy? In which way was it difficult to implement them? The method used for this purpose is a qualitative comparative case study. In this study I derive an ideal type to be able to compare the participatory and the representative democratic theory. Four contrasts between the theoretical frameworks are being studied to investigate whether the two councils has functioned as threats or complements to the representative democracy. The main result of the study is that these two councils met several problems in the implementationprocess. The participation democracy were not able to function as a complement to the representative democracy. In many ways it was a threat but also the actors in the representative democracy were not willing to delegate power and decisions to the citizens.
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Ahmeti, Flora (Florije). ""I skolan var det svårare, speciellt på gymnasiet" : En kvalitativ fallstudie av en skolas syn på lesbiska och en lesbisks erfarenheter av skolan." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-6009.
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The purpose of this essay is to highlight the conceptions that exist in school towards homosexuality. My overall essay questions are: What rules does the school have to apply concerning homosexuality? What approach do the professors have towards young lesbian women and kind of support is offered to the group? In order to answer these questions I interviewed a professor and a young lesbian female. One of the surveys that has been made, as a normative order, about heterosexuality in the last decade is known as queer theory. One of the theories that in surveys investigates homosexuality as a normative order is known as “queer theory” and it is the one I decided to use in this essay. Inspired by feminist research, gay and lesbian studies and the poststructuralist theory, the queertheory focuses on some peoples way of organizing sexuality is privileged, sanctioned and is perceived as normal, while others are seen as deviant, abnormal and therefore unwelcome. The method chosen for this essay is qualitative with focus on interviews and life stories. The result indicates that there is no specific plan based on the schools fundamental values concerning how homosexuality should be included in teaching.
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Roslund, Johan. "Implementering av utökad fysisk aktivitet i skolor i hälsofrämjande syfte : Undersökning om elevers upplevelser av pulsträningspass i jämförelse med idrottslektioner." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-81185.
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Eftersom att ungdomar inte rör på sig tillräckligt har en trend bland skolor i Sverige utvecklats att implementera pulsträningspass, bland annat med avsikt att främja elevers hälsa. Syftet med undersökningen var att öka förståelsen av hur elever upplever det hälsofrämjande arbetet på pulsträningspass i jämförelse med det hälsofrämjande arbetet på idrottslektioner. Undersökningen utgick från en kvalitativ hermeneutisk metodansats genom att tolka elevers upplevelser med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Studiens utgångspunkt baserades på Albert Banduras Social Cognitive Theory om hur beteenden kan förändras genom samspel mellan omgivningen och individen. Nio högstadieelever från en skola som har implementerat pulsträningspass intervjuades. Datamaterialet kategoriserades i teman över hur elever upplevde (1) hur deras hälsa främjades och (2) deras förväntade effekter. I båda fallen jämfördes upplevelser av pulsträningspass med upplevelser av idrottslektioner. Resultatet visade att intensitetsnivån, förmedling av teoretiska kunskaper och den sociala omgivningen var tre teman som skiljde sig beträffande hur hälsan främjades mellan passen och lektionerna. Fysiska, studierelaterade och sociala effekter var tre teman av elevers förväntade effekter som skiljde sig mellan de två olika aktiviteterna. Studien kom fram till att pulsträningspassen kan fungera som ett betydelsefullt komplement till idrottslektionerna. Men problematik kan uppstå om idrottsämnet inte upplevs lika motiverande och lekfullt som pulspassen eftersom betydelsefulla värden gällande hälsa i idrottsämnet då kan nedvärderas hos elever. Medvetenhet hos lärare om att de förväntade positiva effekterna kan fungera som incitament samtidigt som de negativa effekterna kan verka som hinder för elevers fysiska aktivitet är betydelsefullt för att kunna forma en undervisning som kan främja elevers hälsa.As a result of physical inactivity among adolescents, Swedish schools have implemented “pulsträningspass”, a physical activity with pulse surveillance with the intention to promote students’ health. The aim of the study was to increase the understanding of how students experience health promotion in pulsträningspass in comparison with it in physical education. The study was based on a hermeneutic approach. It involved interpreting students’ experiences using semi-structured interviews. The investigation was guided by Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory about how behavior can be changed by interaction between the environment and the individual. Nine students from a secondary school that had implemented pulsträningspass were interviewed. The data were categorized regarding how students experienced (1) how their health was promoted, and (2) their outcome expectations. In both cases, pulsträningspass responses were compared with physical education responses. The results showed that: level of intensity, mediation of theoretical knowledge and the social environment differed regarding how their health was promoted between the pulsträningspass and the classes. Physical, study-related and social effects were three themes of students’ expected outcomes that differed between the two activities. Pulsträningspass can operate as a significant complement to physical education. However, problems can appear if physical education is not as motivating or playful as pulsträningspass, since students can then downgrade significant values regarding health in physical education. Awareness by teachers that positive outcome expectations can function as incentives while negative outcome expectations can work as obstacles for the students’ physical activity is important. It can help teachers to form an education that can promote students health.
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Zomegnan, Elisabet. "Traduire un portrait de Paris : Une étude sur les problèmes de traduction d’un récit de voyage du français au suédois." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78063.
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The aim of this essay is to investigate the translation problems translating a travel book about Paris, with cultural and historic connotations, from French, source language, into Swedish, target language. The method that is used is Nords’ text analysis model, which is functionalist and pragmatic. Her theory of action is based on Vermeers’ skopos theorie and on Reiss’ text typology. Nords’ looping model includes analysis, transfer and synthesis. She focuses on three important aspects which are the translation brief, the role of the source-text analysis and the importance of the functional hierarchy of translation problems. Nord proposes two different translation strategies: Documentary translation and Instrumental translation. The first one is source text oriented and the second one is target text oriented. Our study focuses on pragmatic and cultural equivalence concerning the different aspects as style, lexis (vocabulary) and syntax in the source language and the translation into the target language. The purpose of the translation is target text oriented which means that different strategies, as adaptations and explanations, are used in the target text. The conclusions that are drawn from this study are that historical and cultural connotations, that are present in the source text, require a deep knowledge on the French culture and language, this being a necessary competence for the translator to produce a comprehensible translation for the target text audience.
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Sims, Caroline. "Implementering av International Baccalureate Diploma Programme vid fyra skolor i Sverige : En utvärdering av motstånd och möjligheter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185005.
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The aim of this essay is to analyze the implementation process of the International Baccalaureate’s Diploma Programme in four of the approximately 30 schools currently offering the IB at upper secondary level in Sweden. The starting point is a comparison between definitions in fundamental documents in the national programmes for Natural Science (NV) and Social Science (SP) on the one hand, and the IBDP on the other. The evaluation, based on Program theory, focuses in particular on the consistencies in the Organizational plans of each system. The basic assumption is that the IB due to a deviating organizational system, different structures, aims and objectives makes a challenge for the dominating educational discourse, to use a concept by Michel Foucault, and that resistance against the IB therefore is to be expected. As a second part of the evaluation five people who either play, or have played the role of coordinators of the IB, and who thereby are responsible for the implementation, have been interviewed. The questions have been focused around in what sense the informants can confirm resistance in their implementation work due to the differences found in the first part of the evaluation, and in what ways it manifests itself. Finally, Michel Foucault’s power structures in connection to discourse analysis have been applied on the results of the two previous parts of the essay. Foucault claims a school to be one of the state institutions acting on its behalf in conserving and defending its discourse against outside enemies. Two configurations of power are according to Foucault used in the defence; ‘marginalization’ and ‘normalization’. The result of the study confirms evidence of both power structures being found in the implementation of the IB in the four schools included in the analysis and that the resistance against the IB in these schools can be interpreted accordingly.Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att analysera implementeringen av International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) i fyra av det 30-talet gymnasieskolor som för närvarande erbjuder utbildingen i Sverige. Utvärderingen är indelad i två delar baserad på ’programteori’, och fokuserar på delar i respektive utbildnings organisationsplan. Den första delen har sin utgångspunkt i styrdokument i respektive utbildning och utgör en jämförelse av olika grundläggande definitioner för, å ena sidan de nationella Naturvetenskapsprogrammet (NV) och Samhällsprogrammet (SP), och å andra sidan IBDP. Detta är av relevans för att IB-utbildningen skiljer sig tillräckligt mycket från de nationella programmen för att utgöra en utmaning av det nationella systemet, det som Michel Foucault skulle kalla den dominerande diskursen. Den andra delen består av fem intervjuer med nuvarande eller före detta coordinatorer, de personer som ansvarar för implementeringsarbetet på de enskilda skolorna. Här är frågorna fokuserade runt de områden där implementeringsarbetet antas vara svårast utifrån de skillnader som framkommer i den första delen av utvärderingen. Slutligen används de maktbegrepp som Foucault anger i sin diskursanalys på de två första delarna av arbetet. Foucault hävdar att skolan är en av de institutioner som agerar för att bevara och försvara en stats diskurs mot utomstående makter. Enlig Foucault uttrycks detta i två maktkonfigurationer; ‘marginalisering’ och ‘normalisering’. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns tecken på att båda maktmedel i implementering av IB på de fyra aktuella skolorna och att motståndet mot IB går att förstå enligt denna modell.
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Hubert, Johannes. "Blaue Bäume unter grünem Himmel?" Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-143442.
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Die Arbeit prüft, inwieweit die Übersetzungstheorien von Otto Kade et al., Werner Koller und die Skopostheorie das Problem der kulturgebundenen Farbwortvielfalt bei der Übersetzung zu lösen versuchen. Im ersten Teil wird hierfür der Grundstein gelegt, indem interdisziplinäres Wissen auf die Bildung von Farbbezeichnungen, ihrer Herkunft und ihrer biologischen und physikalischen Grundsätze angewendet wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch die Sapir-Whorf-Hypothese diskutiert. Die Etymologie bestehender Farbbezeichnungen verschiedenster Sprachen bildet dabei das Zentrum, sowohl für die Erklärung der Farbwahrnehmung und die Kulturgebundenheit ihrer Bezeichnungen als auch der Neuschöpfung von Farbbezeichnungen in den Übersetzungssituationen. Anhand fiktiver Übersetzungssituationen aus dem Alltag wird der Übersetzungsprozess für jede Übersetzungstheorie simuliert und aus ihrer Sicht verfolgt. Im Abschluss werden die Ergebnisse gegenübergestellt und diskutiert.
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Modarresi, Fereshteh. "Bare nouns in Persian." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17366.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht das variable Verhalten von sogenannten „bare nouns“ (Nominale ohne Artikel) im Persischen. Dieses Verhalten kann jedoch nicht verstanden werden ohne eine Reihe von entscheidenden Eigenschaften der persischen Satzstruktur zu betrachten. Dazu gehören Informationsstruktur, Prosodie und Wortstellung, sowie die semantischen und syntaktischen Funktionen verschiedener morphologischer Markierungen im Persischen. Die vorliegende Dissertation kann daher zum besseren Verständnis von satzinterner Syntax, Semantik und Prosodie des Persischen beitragen. Ich beginne meine Untersuchung mit dem Vergleich der BNs in verschiedenen Positionen mit Nominalen, die mit verschiedenen Morphemen gekennzeichnet sind. Die quasi-inkorporierten Nominale im Persischen scheinen zur Klasse der diskursintransparenten inkorporierenden Sprachen zu gehören. Doch dies scheint nicht immer zu stimmen, unter bestimmten Umständen zeigen persische BNs Diskurstransparenz. In Kapitel 3 untersuche ich daher, unter welchen Umständen BNs Diskurstransparenz zeigen und warum. In Kapitel 3 präsentiere ich einen Alternativvorschlag zu Farkas & de Swart, in dem ich darlege, dass ein BN tatsächlich einen neuen Diskursreferenten einführt. Aber der Numerus von BNs ist neutral (numerusneutralen Diskursreferenten).In der zweiten Hälfte der Dissertation wird die Interpretation von BNs in verschiedenen Positionen und mit unterschiedlichen grammatischen Funktionen diskutiert. Kapitel 4 konzentriert sich auf BNs in Objektposition. Wir stellen einen direkten Vergleich an zwischen BNs als tatsächliche BNs, d.h. Nominale, die nicht mit einem Morphem markiert sind, und Kontexten, in denen sie mit dem Morphem -ra auftreten. Ich werde argumentieren, dass -ra lediglich markiert, dass ein BN oder auch ein anderes Nominal nicht in seiner VP-internen Position interpretiert, sondern in eine VP-externe Domäne bewegt wird. Das bedeutet, das Morphem -ra ist ein syntaktisches Morphem auf Phrasenebene.This thesis explores the variable behavior of bare nouns in Persian. Bare singular nouns realize different grammatical functions, including subject, object and indirect object. They receive different interpretations, including generic, definite and existential readings. However, the task of understanding the reasons for, and limits on, this variation cannot be achieved without understanding a number of pivotal features of Persian sentential architecture, including Information Structure, prosody, word order, and the functions of various morphological markers in Persian. With respect to the discourse transparency of Incorporated Nominals, under certain circumstances, Persian bare nouns show discourse transparency. These circumstances are examined in chapter 3, and it is proposed that bare nouns do introduce a number neutral discourse referent. This proposal is phrased within Discourse Representation Theory. In the second half of the dissertation, the interpretation of bare nouns in different positions and with different grammatical functions are discussed. Under the independently supported hypothesis of position>interpretation mapping developed by Diesing (1992), we will see the role of the suffix -ra in indicating that an object has been moved out of VP. For subjects, there is no morphological marking corresponding to –ra on objects, and we have to rely on prosody and word order to determine how a VP is interpreted using theories of the interaction of accent and syntactic structure. It is proposed that both subject and object originate within the VP, and can move out to the VP-external domain. The motivation for these movements are informational-structural in nature, relating in particular to the distinctions between given and new information, and default and non-default information structure.
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Stajszczak, Tomasz. "Skopos Theory and Computer Games in Translation: Storytelling and Play as Key Functions in Computer-Game Language Assets." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2651.
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The dissertation’s subject is the translation of linguistic assets featured in computer games, discussed from the perspective of the Skopos theory, which belongs to the discipline of translation studies. As an interactive multimedia form of entertainment, computer games communicate with their users via a number of linguistic forms, which, in turn, make use of the audiovisual possibilities of this medium. Seeing as contemporary computer games constitute a significant global industry, there has been for a considerable amount of time now a demand for the translation of games and the release thereof onto the global market. As result, computer games have become a crucial object of software localisation. In the functional perspective of Skopos theory the purpose, or the skopos, of the text created as a result of the process of translation becomes the priority of translational strategies and decisions. The target text is intended to function in accordance with the requirements of the translation’s commissioner in a new target cultural context where it is received by a new target audience. It is the understanding of this dissertation’s author that as a result of what has been stated above, there exists a significant correlation between the interests of game-asset translation and Skopos theory, which has been discussed in the attached work.Przedmiotem rozprawy jest tłumaczenie zasobów językowych gier komputerowych omówione z perspektywy teorii Skoposu należącej do dziedziny translatoryki. Jako interaktywna, multimedialna forma rozrywki gry komputerowe komunikują się ze swoimi użytkownikami za pomocą licznych form językowych, które z kolei korzystają z audiowizualnych możliwości tego medium. Ponieważ współczesne gry komputerowe stanowią znaczącą, globalną branżę, już od dłuższego czasu istnieje zapotrzebowanie na przekład gier i wypuszczanie danych tytułów na światowy rynek, co czyni je przedmiotem praktyki lokalizacji oprogramowania. W funkcjonalnej perspektywie teorii Skoposu priorytetem dla decyzji i strategii przekładowych tłumacza jest cel, bądź skopos, tworzonego tekstu docelowego, który ma funkcjonować zgodnie z wymaganiami zleceniodawcy w odbiorze przez nowych odbiorców w nowym kontekście kulturowym. W rozumieniu autora dysertacji w związku z powyższymi stwierdzeniami istnieje znaczna zbieżność w ukierunkowaniu teorii Skoposu oraz praktyki tłumaczenia zasobów językowych gier, która zostaje omówiona w załączonej pracy.
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CHEN, TZU-HSUAN, and 陳姿璇. "The Application of Skopos Theory-The Case of THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2f8cj9.
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碩士長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士班
101
This thesis translates the English version of Herodotus’ masterpiece—the History of Herodotus into Chinese, and then analyzes and discusses the translating process based on Skopos theory by Germany scholar, Han J. Vermeer. Skopos theory is a reader-oriented theory, focusing on the readability and acceptability of readers of translated texts. In addition, this thesis will use translated texts as examples to discuss translation techniques. The thesis consists of six chapters: Chapter One states the purpose and motive of the thesis; Chapter Two contains the introduction of the History of Herodotus, and the background knowledge of Skopos theory. Chapter Three discusses the methodology and translating process of the thesis. Chapter Four is the translated text of Clio, the first chapter of the History of Herodotus. Chapter Five covers the analysis of the translation techniques used in the translated text. Chapter Six is the conclusion and the last part of the thesis.
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Chen, Liang-Yu, and 陳亮羽. "Translation Strategies of the Moves in Resistance Training: Perspective of Skopos Theory." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rjs32c.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
翻譯研究所
105
Abstract According to 2015 Sport City Survey conducted by Sport Administration, Ministry of Education, 83% of citizens in Taiwan do exercise on a regular basis, which fuels a boom in workout industry in Taiwan. Moreover, the craze yields to an incremental demand for translated guidebooks to resistance training. However, there is an inconsistency in the translated name for the move among these books. On top of that, some moves are tranlsted into different versions in Chinese, resulting in confusion for the exerciser of resistance training and reduction in effectiveness of resistance training. The translated names for the moves in the four chosen resistance training-related best-sellers were selected as materials in the research. With an aid of two theoretical frameworks, Skopos theory and neologism translation strategy, the collected data were analysed and categorised into four primary neologism translation strategies, including free translation, literal translation, morphological translation and phonetic translation. Afterwards, Chi-square test was adopted to explore the relations among the four with an eye to finding out the features and strategies of translation in resistance training. Last but not least, the questionnaire was designed for resistance training professionals to build a link between resistance training and translation. What’s more, the professionals were requested to opt for the preferred translated names for the moves with different Chinese versions. By doing so, comparisons were made to see whether or not the translation strategies adopted in the four chosen books met the demand for the industry. The results of the research indicated that there was a high relation between resistance training and translation. In terms of translation strategies, free translation and literal translation were the most frequent ones used in the four chosen books, whereas free translation and morphological translation were preferred by the professional surveyed. Additionally, the features of resistance training included straightforwardness and concision. Lastly, the result of the research can be functioned as the references and principles for the future translators and future researchers in this regard. Keywords: workout, sports, resistance training, Skopos theory, neologism translation strategies
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Lin, Yi-Chun, and 林怡君. "The Analysis of the English Version of Taiwan Literaturewith the Skopos Theory." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99358974216969734100.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
翻譯學系(所)
101
For the past years, Taiwan literature has been successfully introduced to foreigners with music, dramas, movies, and so on. People in other country learn more about Taiwan and have been attracted to come to Taiwan. However, what music, dramas and movies can show is only a little of Taiwan. To know Taiwan more comprehensively, literature is the best to begin with and it’s the best place where people can explore in various aspects. Translation is a requisite to promote Taiwan literature internationally, and it constructs a part of the communication between the writer and the reader of the translated text. The aim of translation significantly determines the translator’s strategies, skills and methods. The thesis looks into the English version of four novels of Taiwan Literature in Chinese and English, two of them translated by the foreign translators and the others by the native ones, from the perspective of Christiane Nord, whose theory is concerned with translation functions, typology and faithfulness. The aims of the writer, the client, and the reader of the translated text have also been taken into account. How the translator deals with cultural differences and what strategies the translator uses is also explored. The results show that all translators in this research use adaptation and explanation as primary and addition as secondary strategies. The foreign translators use more adaptation and the native translators use more explanation. In dealing with transfer of cultural words and phrases, all translators adopt more domesticating translation strategy.
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XIYANG, WANG. "Translating a Chinese Bestseller into English under the guidance of Skopos theory." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/50793.
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China is getting more and more attention from the world due to its recent rapid
development. However, for most people in the West, China is still something of a
mystery. In order to enable English readers to know more about the modern society of
China from an authentic perspective, the work 看见Kanjian (What Was Seen) has
been chosen to be translated partially into English. It is the Chinese bestseller from
2013, a memoir written by the famous Chinese TV interviewer, Chai Jing, which has
sold more than three million copies in China. The topics it deals with are real stories
from the interviews she conducted, not just major events that have occurred in China,
but also events from the lives of ordinary people.
Many difficulties were encountered in the process of the translation, such as
textual cohesion and coherence, sentence structure and vocabulary, as well as major
cultural issues. How are these problems actually resolved? What translation strategies
should be used to realise the translator’s translation objective? The Skopos theory will
act as the main guide in this case study and the author will give a detailed analysis of
translation examples using the Skopos theory.Apesar de a China estar a receber cada vez mais atenção do mundo devido ao seu rápido desenvolvimento recente, continua a representar um mistério para a maioria das pessoas no Ocidente. De modo a permitir que um público maior saiba mais sobre a sociedade moderna da China de uma perspetiva autêntica, o livro 看见Kanjian (O Que Foi Visto) foi escolhido para ser traduzido parcialmete para o inglês. Kanjian é um livro de memórias escrito pela conhecida repórter chinesa Chai Jing. Foi o livro mais vendido na China em 2013, com mais de três milhões de cópias vendidas. Os tópicos com os quais lida são histórias reais de entrevistas feitas pela repórter - não só grandes eventos que ocorreram na China, como também eventos das vidas de pessoas comuns. Foram encontradas várias dificuldades no processo de tradução: a coesão e a coerência textual, a estrutura das frases e o vocabulário e também questões culturais. Como se resolvem estes problemas? Que estratégias deve o tradutor utilizar para atingir o objetivo da tradução? A Teoria de Skopos funcionará como o principal guia neste estudo de caso e o autor fará uma análise detalhada dos exemplos de tradução usando esta teoria.
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以目的論評析當代台灣文學英譯之作品 and 林怡君. "The Analysis of the English Version of Taiwan Literature with the Skopos Theory." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32844635641021351548.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士在職專班
101
For the past years, Taiwan literature has been successfully introduced to foreigners with music, dramas, movies, and so on. People in other country learn more about Taiwan and have been attracted to come to Taiwan. However, what music, dramas and movies can show is only a little of Taiwan. To know Taiwan more comprehensively, literature is the best to begin with and it’s the best place where people can explore in various aspects. Translation is a requisite to promote Taiwan literature internationally, and it constructs a part of the communication between the writer and the reader of the translated text. The aim of translation significantly determines the translator’s strategies, skills and methods. The thesis looks into the English version of four novels of Taiwan Literature in Chinese and English, two of them translated by the foreign translators and the others by the native ones, from the perspective of Christiane Nord, whose theory is concerned with translation functions, typology and faithfulness. The aims of the writer, the client, and the reader of the translated text have also been taken into account. How the translator deals with cultural differences and what strategies the translator uses is also explored. The results show that all translators in this research use adaptation and explanation as primary and addition as secondary strategies. The foreign translators use more adaptation and the native translators use more explanation. In dealing with transfer of cultural words and phrases, all translators adopt more domesticating translation strategy.
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Chang, Shu-Fen, and 張淑芬. "An Application of the Translation Theory, Skopos, to the Workplace Translation and Internet Searching." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/avm5h7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士在職專班
98
In the skopos theory it is emphasized that clear definition shall be constructed for the translational aim and the mode of realization in order to proceed with and complete the translational action. With clear specifications of the aim and the mode, translators can complete the translation meeting as many requirements as possible. In many industries there have been technologies being upgraded and newly developed faster than before, resulting in more new technical words which need dealing with in workplace translation. The conventional reference books such as dictionaries and encyclopedias can not help translators with definition and specifications as much as before, while increasing challenges have been being confronted in the workplace translation of the dynamic industries. With both the enormous informative database of the Internet and the powerful search engine of Google, translators have not only acquired a magic tool to help them cope with the increasing challenges at workplace and decision-making in translation but also found a possible method for verification of translation which can further reinforce the professionalism of translators.
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CHIU, CHIH-HENG, and 邱致恆. "On the Translation of She-Diao Yin-Xiong Chuan from the Perspective of Skopos Theory." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gfn4sc.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
應用英文系
108
She-diao ying-xiong chuan, one of Louis Cha’s Wuxia masterpiece, not only showcases his excellent craftsmanship but also illustrates a unique, colorful Wuxia world: jian-hu, wherein characters are disciplined by a strict system of jargons and codes of conduct so deeply embedded in a Chinese cultural context that the textual practice of English translation almost becomes an impossibility. However, since Anna Holmwood completed and published Legends of the Condor Heroes: A Hero Born with the MacLehose Press in 2018, such questions as how western readers may receive the translated text and whether the translated text could channel the Wuxia spirit have been at the heart of the debate in translation studies. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the strategies and methods adopted in the translation of Wuxia novels from the perspective of the functionalist skopos theory through a case study on Legends of the Condor Heroes. The functionalist skopos theory has been vastly influential since the 1990s, and it has also drawn the attention of academia in Asia. An enormous amount of research related to skopos theory has been produced over the years. However, only a fraction of skopos-oriented analyses of the translation of Wuxia novels can be found in Asia and many of them were dated. Boosted by Anna Holmwood and the MacLehose Press, Chinese Wuxia culture is now being gradually transmitted to the western world. This study hopes to contribute to translation studies in the category of Wuxia and provide translators some rules of thumb for their future endeavors to translate Wuxia novels.
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Chiu, Shu-Yi, and 邱淑怡. "Humor Translation from the Perspective of Skopos Theory- The Case Study of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/543g7t.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
翻譯研究所
106
This thesis investigates the two Chinese translation of humorous texts in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn based on the skopos theory (Vermeer, 1978, as cited in Nord, 1997) and the loyalty plus function principle (Nord, 1997). Through comparing the two translations, the current study aims to find out how the two translators deal with the unique feature of the source text and made it suitable for the Taiwanese children and young adult readers. The two translations are compared with each other from the retrieved excerpts based on humorous text taxonomy purposed by Hay (1995) which includes: anecdotes, fantasy, insult, irony, jokes, observational, quote, self deprecation, vulgarity, and wordplay. Through data analysis, the study found that the translator Wang, a more recent translator, is faithful to the source text. In sum, the translator for children and young adult literature has the freedom for appropriate adaptation in dealing with humorous texts to preserve the original. As long as the skopos of the target text can be fulfilled, and convey what the source text producer wishes to the target readers. The findings of the research could possibly shed new light on the translation of children’s and young adult’s literature in Taiwan in the future.
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Yi-Ju, Chen, and 陳薏如. "An exploration of Chinese to German subtitle translation of Taiwan movie “Monga” from the perspective of Skopos theory." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41694310642407646978.
Full textAbstract:
碩士文藻外語大學
多國語複譯研究所
102
Movie is one of the assistive methods which language learners will use when they want to get familiar with the language. During the past few years, Taiwan has been introduced many German movies. These movies were subtitled with Chinese and being played in cinemas. From another point of view, there are not many Taiwan movies which are translated into German subtitle. Since 2008, there was a Revival of Taiwan Films. Taiwan movies have become popular and people now pay more attention on Taiwan’s movie industry. In order to encourage more Taiwan movies to be participated in international film festivals, Taiwan government provides incentive and marketing strategies. Giving an overview of Taiwan film market, a large share of film market are American and European movies. There are also lots of studies related to English-Chinese subtitle. However, there are not many studies related to Chinese-German subtitle. This thesis is based on the movie, Monga, which is full of Taiwanese culture and has been nominated to Berlin International Film Festival. The Chinese and German subtitles are compared and analyzed according to skopos theory of Christiane Nord and subtitle translation strategies of Li Yunxing. With these theories, the strategies of subtitle translation will be analyzed while translating a Taiwan movie.
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Wu, Howard, and 吳華維. "The Review of the Chinese Translation of “A Child Called ‘It’ ” from the Perspective of the Skopos Theory." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35907862052630308364.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士在職專班
95
This work analyses the novel “ A Child Called “It” ” by Dave Pelzer and compares it with its Chinese translation from chapters one to four. Two analytical methods are used: the skopos theory, incorporporating the coherence and fidelity rules; and interpersonal function, including mood system and modality system. These methods allow us to discuss whether the Chinese translation meet the above rules or not. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of the translation and improve the quality of the translation. For the coherence rule, this thesis evaluates the translation with regard to the intratextual coherence. It will use the following criteria: “the understanding of errors in the source text”; “the missing parts of the target text”; and “the grammatical structure translation of the source text and the literal translation.” As for the fidelity rule, this thesis evaluates the translation with regard to the intertextual coherence. It will use the following criteria: “interpersonal function”; and “source-culture word.” “Interpersonal Function”, which we adopted as one of the above criteria, is one of the three metafunctions of Hallidayan systematic functional linguistics. “Interpersonal Function” mainly consists of “mood system” and “modality system”. It can evaluatine whether the Chinese translation conveys multi-functions of interpersonal relationship in the source text systematically. It will provide us with a sound basis for evaluatining the faithfulness of the translation. The specific contributions of the research approach used in this thesis include the adoption of the macro skopos theory as a guided tactic, and the combination of the discourse analysis theory of Systematic-Functional Grammar with the skopos theory. This allows us to analyze the clauses in the text in order to evaluate the accuracy of the translation at the micro-language level. These methods of evaluation are systematic and objective. The combination and application of using both together will greatly improve translation analysis.
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Wu, Yi-Jr, and 吳宜芝. "A Case Study on Translating English to Chinese Advertising Texts and Rhetoric from the Perspective of the Skopos Theory." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16429174504989244773.
Full textAbstract:
碩士文藻外語大學
多國語複譯研究所
103
Nowadays there are a variety of products available in the consumption market, such as the commodities of daily life or the luxury goods which may come from worldwide. In order to attract the customers’ first sight, most of traders rack their brains trying to come up with gimmicks for their goods. For this reason, when translators translate slogans of commercial products or advertising scripts, they need to help the consumers grasp the information of the products quickly and effectively－such as functions and the purposes of the products－to achieve the aim of promotions. Through the literature reviews of Skopos Theory, the psychology of consumer, and rhetoric, this study discusses the translation relations between the advertising texts and the cultures. This thesis focuses on the categories of cosmetics, cars, watches, and the others, and analyzes their advertising translation strategies, the rhetorical figures and the corresponding hierarchy of needs. This thesis discovers the appropriate rhetorical figures for different type of advertising texts and the hierarchy of needs to which they correspond. Also, the thesis offers translators referencs and helps translators translate these kinds of products in the future.
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Kukrechtová, Barbora. "Mezi doslovností a purismem - překlady německé rodinné korespondence Karla Havlíčka." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343864.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes the Czech translations of Karel Havlíček's German family correspondence. The translations are from the turn of the 20th century, from the 1940s, and from the present day. In the introduction, the present-day situation concerning the publication of Havlíček's correspondence is outlined. After that, the thesis focuses on the skopos theory as the main theoretical base for the analysis. Then the thesis turns to the life of Karel Havlíček with a focus on his student years. In the analytical section, the individual translators and the origination of the translations are introduced. Selected translations are then analyzed. The primary objective of the thesis is the evaluation of translation strategies and methods used by the translators of Karel Havlíček's family correspondence with regard to translation conventions and social and historical changes.
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HUANG, HSIAO-HUEI, and 黃筱慧. "A Study on the Chinese Translation of Taiwan International Magazines from the Perspective of the Skopos Theory－－A Case Study of the Chinese Edition “Revolution”." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3757yz.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
跨文化研究所翻譯學碩士在職專班
105
In Taiwan there are five watch magazines which introduce mechanical watches, and Taiwan’s Revolution is the only international watch magazine. Every issue of Revolution selects one or some articles from the international edition. This study aims at examining the translated articles of Taiwan’s Revolution to find out the influence of magazine editors’ translation strategies. With the popularity of mechanical watches in the Taiwan market, more and more watch magazines have been published to introduce mechanical watches. However, different watch magazine publishers adopt different translation strategies in translating English articles into Chinese. Some publishers even make errors in translating watch terms. The Revolution magazine has had five chief editors since it was founded in 2008. The study found that the five chief editors adopted different translation strategies in dealing with Chinese translation. In other words, the Chinese articles of the Revolution are different due to different demands of the chief editors. Based on Skopos Theory, the main research directions of the study are as follows: First, this study aims at examining the translation methods of the five chief editors in translating proper nouns such as device nouns, watch brands, and names of people and places; Second, this study aims at analyzing the reasons and purposes of the five chief editors’ translation strategies such as adding, omitting, or rewriting from the original. The study found that the five chief editors didn’t check out the real Chinese proper nouns, hence they made some errors in editing. Besides, the five chief editors used different methods in dealing with the translation of watch brands and names of wristwatches, people and places; some translated them into Chinese while other didn’t. Furthermore, they adopted inappropriate translation strategies causing ambiguities. The study offers solutions to the problems indicated above and gives some suggestions to Taiwan’s watch magazines on how to translate English articles into Chinese.
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Oakes, Damian Gerard. "Liaison interpreting as intercultural mediation." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43786.
Full textAbstract:
The conventional understanding of the liaison interpreter views the professional as a language
broker between two or more individuals not speaking the same language. The manner in which
this language gap is bridged, according to the conventional understanding, is through copying verbatim what is said in one language (the source language) and pasting it (into the target
language). The conventional understanding of the profession and its professionals neglects the
multi-faceted nature of the profession along with the many challenges with which its
professionals are faced. A liaison interpreter is a professional who forms a bridge between
languages, people and culture. When viewed through this lens, new meaning and
understanding are gained regarding the work of the liaison interpreter whilst, similarly,
unveiling the complexity of the profession. As such, new questions may be raised pertaining to
the role of the liaison interpreter in dialogue settings. This mini-dissertation seeks to shed new
light on an age old profession whilst unveiling these hidden factors to highlight the benefits of
factoring cultural training into interpreter training to better train student interpreters, and
equip them with a unique set of skills to assist them in overcoming the unique set of challenges
with which liaison interpreters often grapple.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Modern European Languages
Unrestricted
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Yen, Tsen-Chen, and 顏禎岑. "A Comparative Study of the Translations of Children's Literature in Taiwan and China from the Perspective of the Skopos Theory --- The Case Study of The Hobbit." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7ydzg9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
翻譯研究所
102
The current study analyzes two Chinese translations of The Hobbit published in Taiwan and China based on the skopos theory (Vermeer, 1978, as cited in Nord, 1997) and the loyalty principle (Nord, 1997). Through comparing the two Chinese translations, the current study aims to find out the differences and the translation strategies of children’s literature. Translating for children is different from translating for adults in two aspects: children’s social status and development. In addition, children have limited language proficiency and life experience, and their reading preferences are different from adults. Therefore, when translating children’s literature, the translator needs to take these limitations and preferences into consideration. The two Chinese translations are compared with each other first and then with the source text. The differences are analyzed based on the skopos theory and the loyalty principle in five aspects: dynamic description, figurative expression, reduplication, repetition and parallel structure, common usage and rhyme. Through data analysis, the study finds that the translation published in Taiwan summarized the detailed descriptions and repetitions in the source text and summed up some sentences with Chinese proverbs, and it had less syntactic variations. On the other hand, the translation published in China is faithful to the source text, but there are some unsmooth sentences due to too much fidelity to the source text. However, in the translation published in China, onomatopoeia, repetitions, figurative expressions and detailed descriptions of the source text were thoroughly translated. Overall, the target readers of children’s literature are children; therefore, elements appealing to children and various syntactic structures and phrases are essential to let children enjoy the fun of reading. Furthermore, the translator of children’s literature may preserve the style and content of the source text as long as the skopos of the target text can be served, so that readers may read the story in the style and form that the source-text producer wanted to present to his/her readers.
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Gomes, Suse Marlene da Silva. "New Beginnings with MemoQ, de Kevin Lossner: uma proposta de tradução para português europeu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/79559.
Full textAbstract:
O presente Trabalho de Projeto centra-se numa proposta de tradução de parte do livro New Beginnings with MemoQ, de autoria de Kevin Lossner em colaboração com Cátea Caleço Murta. Analisam-se as condicionantes e dificuldades da tradução de uma obra deste tipo e exploram-se aspetos teóricos relacionados com a tradução técnica, com base em Schubert, Byrne, Cavaco-Cruz e Vermeer, bem como a importância das ferramentas CAT e o papel do tradutor técnico.This Project focuses on a proposal for the translation of part of the book New Beginnings with MemoQ, by Kevin Lossner in collaboration with Cátea Caleço Murta. The constraints and difficulties of the translation of this type of work are analysed and the theoretical aspects related to technical translation are explored, based on Schubert, Byrne, Cavaco-Cruz and Vermeer, as well as the importance of CAT tools and the role of the technical translator.
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Zakrzewska, Anna. "Translating portuguese fantasy fiction for the international literary market." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/33950.
Full textAbstract:
O presente Trabalho de Projeto tem como objetivo analisar os principais aspectos de tradução do romance português de fantasia para o mercado literário internacional. Através da experiencia pessoal de tradução de dois capítulos do livro A Profecia, escrito por António Costeira, visa-se demonstrar os mechanismos involvidos na tradução comercial, no contexto de obras pertencentes ao genéro de fantasia. Parece crucial realizar uma análise do género, antes de desempenhar a tarefa do tradutor, a fim de desvendar as características, e consequentemente as dificuldades tradutórias. A estrategia implementada no presente projecto baseia-se na teoria de Skopos, nomeadamente no modelo de análise proposto por Christiane Nord, e complementado pela tipologia textual de Katharina Reiss. Os capítulos traduzidos para o presente projeto vão ser apresentados como uma proposta para uma editora britânica. Portanto, parece necessário ajustar o texto de chegada às convenções da cultura de chegada. Os problemas encontrados foram cuidadosamente analisados, e subsequentemente as propostas de soluções, que podem ser aplicadas nos contextos semelhantes.This project aims to examine some major issues of Portuguese fantasy novel translation for the Anglophone literary market. On the basis of the personal experience obtained by rendering into English a part of the book A Profecia (“The Prophesy”) by António Costeira, it explores the main mechanisms of commercial translation in the context of fantasy productions. Before performing the translation task, it seems essential to carry out research into the fantasy genre, in order to disclose its characteristics and, in consequence, translation difficulties. The strategy implemented is based on Skopos theory, particularly on Christiane Nord’s pre-translation analysis model, complemented with Katharina Reiss’ text typology. The purpose of the chapters translated for this project is to serve as a proposal for the British publisher. Therefore, it seems necessary to adjust the target text to the target culture conventions. The translation problems encountered have been scrutinized and the solutions applied in the target text are expounded here, together with suggestions regarding procedures that can be used in similar contexts.
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Makamu, Thembheka Abraham. "Translation and interpretation of cultural concepts from Xitsonga into English." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23204.
Full textAbstract:
The study focused on the translation and interpretation of cultural concepts from Xitsonga into English. The main aim of the study was to formulate strategies and methods as well as techniques of translating cultural concepts from Xitsonga into English with the view towards bridging the gap between the two cultures. The study used a mixed method approach combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It examined the research problem by selecting respondents who deal with translation issues on a day-to-day basis and also observed how cultural concepts are presented in the bilingual dictionaries. This was done by comparing three languages i.e. Xitsonga, Northern-Sotho and Tshivenda. The researcher had to identify the afore-mentioned cultural concepts and to find if they were properly described or translated into English. The observation focused on the translation of both Xitsonga, Northern-Sotho and Tshivenda cultural fixed expressions which were given to translation studies students to translate into English. The aim was to find if they are able to give proper explanations or translation to the given expressions. Quantitatively, 24 out of the 30 questionnaires that were sent out to respondents, were returned to the researcher for presentation, analysis and interpretation.
The study found that translating cultural concepts is very challenging. These challenges are presented by lack of equivalence and not recognising the cultural concepts in the source text. The study however found that employing the right strategies, methods and techniques can assist in bridging the gap between the languages and cultures. The translator also needs to have an in-depth knowledge of the two cultures: Xitsonga and English.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
41
Boucher, Marie-Christine. "Hugo Loetscher et l’impureté linguistique : äs tischört und plutschins : traduction et analyse des procédés d’adaptation." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12449.
Full textAbstract:
Hugo Loetscher (1929-2009) a joué un rôle important dans la littérature suisse alémanique du 20e siècle. On lui accole souvent l’étiquette de « cosmopolite suisse », tant il a réussi le pari de s’intéresser au vaste monde sans jamais renier son milieu et son pays d’origine. L’essai dont il est question ici, äs tischört und plutschins. Über das Unreine in der Sprache, eine helvetische Situierung, adopte une perspective suisse pour proposer une réflexion sur le lien entre langue, littérature et nation, sur la place des langues minoritaires dans le monde globalisé et sur l’idéal – critiquable selon Loetscher – de « pureté » linguistique.
Ce mémoire, en plus de présenter une traduction de l’essai de Loetscher, qui était jusqu’à ce jour inédit en français, réfléchit à l’actualité de ce texte dans le contexte québécois et au processus de traduction d’un auteur suisse germanophone pour un public francophone diversifié, en s’appuyant sur les théories de la stylistique comparée d’Alfred Malblanc et du skopos de Katharina Reiß et Hans J. Vermeer. Notre étude se penche d’une part sur le rôle d’éléments péritextuels comme les notes de bas de page qui, dans le processus d’adaptation, permettent au translatum, c’est-à-dire au résultat de l’acte de traduction, au texte cible, de respecter son objectif de départ, son skopos. D’autre part, l’analyse aborde la question d’une possible utilisation de régionalismes (québécois ou suisses) dans un translatum en français standard dont le texte source porte lui-même sur la diversité linguistique et les variantes régionales et dialectales.Hugo Loetscher (1929-2009) has played an important role in Swiss-German literature of the 20th century. He is often described as a “Swiss cosmopolitan” because of the way he managed to stay interested in what was happening in the whole wide world without ever disowning his social background and his country of origin. This thesis examines an essay, äs tischört und plutschins. Über das Unreine in der Sprache, eine helvetische Situierung, which adopts a Swiss perspective to deal with the relationship between language, literature and nation – the place of minority languages in the globalized world and on the ideal of linguistic “purity” deemed questionable by Loetscher Besides proposing a translation of Loetscher’s essay still unpublished in French, this thesis explores the pertinence of the aforementioned text in the current context in Québec and the translation process of a Swiss German author’s text for a diverse francophone public based on the theories of Alfred Malblanc (comparative stylistics), Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer (skopos theory). The study addresses on the one hand the role of peritextual elements, such as footnotes, for the adaptation process, allowing the translatum, the target text as a result of the translation act, to meet its initial goal; its skopos. On the other hand, the study reflects on the use of (québécois or Swiss) regionalisms in a translatum that is in standard French, how they relate to the source text’s focus on linguistic diversity, and regional and dialectal variations.
Hugo Loetscher (1929-2009) spielte eine wichtige Rolle in der deutschschweizerischen Literatur des 20. Jh. Oft wird er als „kosmopolitischer Schweizer“ beschrieben, da es ihm so gut gelungen ist, sich für die weite Welt zu interessieren, ohne seine Heimat zu verleugnen. Das in dieser Arbeit behandelte Essay – äs tischört und plutschins. Über das Unreine in der Sprache, eine helvetische Situierung – bietet eine schweizerische Perspektive auf die Beziehung zwischen Sprache, Literatur und Nation, die Stellung von Minderheitensprachen in der globalisierten Welt und das von Loetscher kritisierte Ideal einer „reinen“ Sprache an. Nach einer Übersetzung des im Französischen bisher unveröffentlichten Essays fokussiert diese Arbeit die Relevanz dieses Werkes im quebecischen Kontext und, anhand der Stylistique comparée von Alfred Malblanc und der Skopos-Theorie von Katharina Reiß und Hans J. Vermeer, den Übersetzungsprozess eines Deutschschweizer Autoren für ein vielfältiges französischsprachiges Publikum. Einerseits wird die Rolle peritextueller Elemente, u.a. Fußnoten, im Übersetzungsprozess analysiert, welche die Erfüllung des skopos – der Zweck – vom translatum – der Zieltext – ermöglichen. Andererseits wird eine mögliche Verwendung von (quebecischen oder helvetischen) Regionalismen in einem Standardfranzösischen Translat in Bezug auf sprachliche Vielfalt und regionale und dialektale Variationen behandelt.
42
Baloyi, Mafemani Joseph. "A comparative analysis of stylistic devices in Shakespeare’s plays, Julius Caesar and Macbeth and." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20036.
Full textAbstract:
The study adopts a theory of Descriptive Translation Studies to undertake a comparative analysis of stylistic devices in Shakespeare’s two plays, Julius Caesar and Macbeth and their Xitsonga translations. It contextualises its research aim and objectives after outlining a sequential account of theory development in the discipline of translation; and arrives at the desired and suitable tools for data collection and analysis.Through textual observation and notes of reading, the current study argues that researchers and scholars in the discipline converge when it comes to a dire need for translation strategies, but diverge in their classification and particular application for convenience in translating and translation. This study maintains that the translation strategies should be grouped into explicitation, normalisation and simplification, where each is assigned specific translation procedures. The study demonstrates that explicitation and normalisation translation strategies are best suited in dealing with translation constraints at a microtextual level.
The sampled excerpts from both plays were examined on the preference for the analytical framework based on subjective sameness within a Skopos theory. The current study acknowledges that there is no single way of translating a play from one culture to the other. It also acknowledges that there appears to be no way the translator can refrain from the influence of the source text, as an inherent cultural feature that makes it unique. With no sure way of managing stylistic devices as translation constraints, translation as a problem-solving process requires creativity, a demonstration of mastery of language and style of the author of the source text, as well as a power drive characterised by the aspects of interlingual psychological balance of power and knowledge power. These aspects will help the translator to manage whatever translation brief(s) better, and arrive at a product that is accessible, accurate and acceptable to the target readership. They will also ensure that the translator maintains a balance between the two languages in contact, in order to guard against domination of one language over the other.
The current study concludes that the Skopos theory has a larger influence in dealing with anticipating the context of the target readership as a factor that can introduce high risk when assessing the communicability conditions for the translated message. Contrariwise, when dealing with stylistic devices and employ literal translation as a translation procedure to simplification, the translator only aims at simplifying the language and making it accessible for the sake of ‘accessibility’ as it remains a product with communicative inadequacies. The study also concludes by maintaining that translation is not only transcoding, but the activity that calls for the translator’s creativity in order to identify and analyse the constraints encountered and decide on the corresponding translation strategies.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
43
Goussard-Kunz, Irene Maria. "Facilitating African Language translation in the South African Department of Defence." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2105.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to determine whether the current African language translation facilitation course (ALTFC) held at the Directorate Language Services (D Lang) is in tune with contemporary trends in translator training, as well as the needs of the South African Department of Defence (DOD) and ALTFC candidates. In order to accomplish these aims, the research methodology was divided into a theoretical component in the form of a literature survey and an empirical component by means of questionnaire research. While the literature survey revealed that with the exception of using corpora of parallel texts, the ALTFC largely follows contemporary trends in translator training, the questionnaire research identified four problem areas, i.e. feedback on practical work, the time factor, the candidates' English proficiency and teacher enthusiasm. Based on the theoretical and empirical findings, four new ALTFC models were developed.Linguistics
MA (Linguistics)
44
Žáková, Radka. "Příspěvek k výzkumu makrostylistických posunů na příkladu románu M. Stavariče v českém překladu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-370061.
Full textAbstract:
1 ABSTRACT The goal of this diploma thesis is a complex analysis of the translation of the novel stillborn written by Michael Stavarič, translated into Czech by Radka Denemarková as Mrtvorozená Eliška Frankensteinová. The theoretical part presents the concept of translation norms (a starting point for reconstructing the translation method chosen), Skopos theory, the theory of metatexts, phenomena pertaining to self-translation (the new concept of "self-non-translation", i.e. the decision of an author-translator not to translate their own work) and Popovič's (1975, 1983) "typology of stylistic shifts and changes in translation" as a basic tool for the subsequent micro-textual contrastive analysis of selected parts of the translation. In the empirical part, the author and his work are briefly introduced, the thesis then provides a narratological analysis of the original; in the following part the translator and her work are introduced. This is followed by a description of the translation's reception in the Czech cultural environment based on an analysis of the available literary reviews ("epitexts") of the translation; these results are compared with the results of the analysis of the German literary reviews of the original. Additional information came from interviews with the author and the translator. A...
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Barba, Carlos E. "Theda Skopcol's theory of the potential autonomy of the state and its application to the case of the Mexican Revolution." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12209468.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-69).
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Nemutamvuni, Mulalo Edward. "Investigating the effectiveness of available tools for translating into tshiVenda." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25563.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishAbstracts in English and Venda
This study has investigated the effectiveness of available tools used for translating from English into Tshivenḓa and vice versa with the aim to investigate and determine the effectiveness of these tools. This study dealt with the problem of lack of effective translation tools used to translate between English and Tshivenḓa. Tshivenḓa is one of South Africa’s minority languages. Its (Tshivenḓa) lack of effective translation tools negatively affects language practitioners’ work. This situation is perilous for translation quality assurance. Translation tools, both computer technology and non-computer technology tools abound for developed languages such as English, French and others. Based on the results of this research project, the researcher did make recommendations that could remedy the situation. South Africa is a democratic country that has a number of language-related policies. This then creates a conducive context for stakeholders with language passion to fully develop Tshivenḓa language in all dimensions. The fact is that all languages have evolved and they were all underdeveloped. This vividly shows that Tshivenḓa language development is also possible just like Afrikaans, which never existed on earth before 1652. It (Afrikaans) has evolved and overtaken all indigenous South African languages. This study did review the literature regarding translation and translation tools. The literature was obtained from both published and unpublished sources. The study has used mixed methods research, i.e. quantitative and qualitative research methods. These methods successfully complemented each other throughout the entire research. Data were gathered through questionnaires and interviews wherein both open and closed-ended questions were employed. Both purposive/judgemental and snowball (chain) sampling have been applied in this study. Data analysis was addressed through a combination of methods owing to the nature of mixed methods research. Guided by analytic comparison approach when grouping together related data during data analysis and presentation, both statistical and textual analyses have been vital in this study. Themes were constructed to lucidly present the gathered data. At the last chapters, the researcher discussed the findings and evaluated the entire research before making recommendations and conclusion.
Iyi ṱhoḓisiso yo ita tsedzuluso nga ha kushumele kwa zwishumiswa zwi re hone zwine zwa shumiswa u pindulela u bva kha luambo lwa English u ya kha Tshivenḓa na u bva kha Tshivenḓa u ya kha English ndivho I ya u sedzulusa na u lavhelesa kushumele kwa izwi zwishumiswa uri zwi a thusa naa. Ino ṱhoḓisiso yo shumana na thaidzo ya ṱhahelelo ya zwishumiswa zwa u pindulela zwine zwa shumiswa musi hu tshi pindulelwa vhukati ha English na Tshivenḓa. Tshivenḓa ndi luṅwe lwa nyambo dza Afrika Tshipembe dzine dza ambiwa nga vhathu vha si vhanzhi. U shaea ha zwishumiswa zwa u pindulela zwine zwa shuma nga nḓila I thusaho zwi kwama mushumo wa vhashumi vha zwa nyambo nga nḓila I si yavhuḓi. Iyi nyimele I na mulingo u kwamaho khwaḽithi ya zwo pindulelwaho. Zwishumiswa zwa u pindulela, zwa thekhnoḽodzhi ya khomphiyutha na zwi sa shumisi thekhnoḽodzhi ya khomphiyutha zwo ḓalesa kha nyambo dzo bvelelaho u tou fana na kha English, French na dziṅwe. Zwo sendeka kha mvelelo dza ino thandela ya ṱhoḓisiso, muṱoḓisisi o ita themendelo dzine dza nga fhelisa thaidzo ya nyimele. Afrika Tshipembe ndi shango ḽa demokirasi ḽine ḽa vha na mbekanyamaitele dzo vhalaho nga ha dzinyambo. Izwi zwi ita uri hu vhe na nyimele ine vhafaramikovhe vhane vha funesa nyambo vha kone u bveledza Tshivenḓa kha masia oṱhe. Zwavhukuma ndi zwa uri nyambo dzoṱhe dzi na mathomo nahone dzoṱhe dzo vha dzi songo bvelela. Izwi zwi ita uri zwi vhe khagala uri luambo lwa Tshivenḓa na lwone lu nga bveledzwa u tou fana na luambo lwa Afrikaans lwe lwa vha lu si ho ḽifhasini phanḓa ha ṅwaha wa 1652. Ulu luambo (Afrikaans) lwo vha hone shangoni lwa mbo bveledzwa lwa fhira nyambo dzoṱhe dza fhano hayani Afrika Tshipembe. Kha ino ṱhoḓisiso ho vhaliwa maṅwalwa ane a amba nga ha u pindulela na nga ha zwishumiswa zwa u pindulela. Maṅwalwa e a vhalwa o wanala kha zwiko zwo kanḓiswaho na zwiko zwi songo kanḓiswaho. Ino ṱhoḓisiso yo shumisa ngona dza ṱhoḓisiso dzo ṱanganyiswaho, idzo ngona ndi khwanthithethivi na khwaḽithethivi. Idzi ngona dzo shumisana zwavhuḓisa kha ṱhoḓisiso yoṱhe. Data yo kuvhanganywa hu tshi khou shumiswa dzimbudziso na u tou vhudzisa hune afho ho shumiswa mbudziso dzo vuleaho na dzo valeaho. Ngona dza u nanga sambula muṱoḓisisi o shumisa khaṱulo yawe uri ndi nnyi ane a nga vha a na data yo teaho na u humbela vhavhudziswa uri vha bule vhaṅwe vhathu vha re na data yo teaho ino ṱhoḓisiso. viii Tsenguluso ya data ho ṱanganyiswa ngona dza u sengulusa zwo itiswa ngauri ṱhoḓisiso ino yo ṱanganyisa ngona dza u ita ṱhoḓisiso. Sumbanḓila ho shumiswa tsenguluso ya mbambedzo kha u sengulusa data. Data ine ya fana yo vhewa fhethu huthihi musi hu tshi khou senguluswa na u vhiga. Tsenguluso I shumisaho mbalo/tshivhalo (khwanthithethivi) na I shumisaho maipfi kha ino ngudo dzo shumiswa. Ho vhumbiwa dziṱhoho u itela u ṱana data ye ya kuvhanganywa. Ngei kha ndima dza u fhedza, muṱodisisi o rera nga ha mawanwa, o ṱhaṱhuvha ṱhoḓisiso yoṱhe phanḓa ha u ita themendelo na u vhina.
African Languages
M.A. (African Languages)
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Trunkát, Marek. "Algoritmy v teorii reprezentací." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328276.
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This thesis deals with an implementation of algorithm for computation of generator of almost split sequences ending at an indecomposable nonprojective module of path algebra over finite quiver. Algorithm is implemented in algebra system GAP (Groups, Algorithms, Programming) with additional package QPA (Quivers and Path Algebras). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Daffue, Jacobus Petrus. "Die geleenthede wat aan leerlinge in die sekondêre skool gebied word vir die ontwikkeling van verantwoordelikheid." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11205.
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D.Ed. (Psychology of Education)A democratic and prosperous society necessitates responsible behaviour from its members. The observation is often made that responsible behaviour is often absent or underdeveloped in society, especially amongst the schoolleaving youth. The development of responsible, well-trained schoolleavers is universally seen as the task of the school. This is because the development of responsibility is usually associated with the aims of the education process and the attainment of adulthood. It is at school that the opportunities may arise to teach, take and experience responsibility. Any of the activities at school may present opportunities which either contribute to the development of responsibility or inhibit it. Great emphasis is placed on the rights of children, yet too little is made of the opportunities which may assist in creating the perception amongst children that they are able to accept and act responsibly. The aspect of creating positive perception about a pupil's own ability is a very important aspect of education as a whole and should be developed to the fullest extent, in order teach and develop responsibility. Schools should take cognizance of this and endeavour to create a climate for pupils in which to accept responsibility. The invitational approach in education is based on the assumption of the perceptual tradition that all people have unrealized potential that may be developed within a climate of trust, intentionality, respect and optimism. In this approach all the participants in the educational process are regarded as responsible, capable and valuable. What teachers believe the pupils to be, they convey to them through their actions, words and the opportunities they present to them. These perceptions influence behaviour. It is therefore imperative that positive perceptions about pupils' ability to accept responsibility and to act independently are created and enhanced. The role of the school in the development of responsibility, the opportunities present for the development of pupils' acceptance of responsibility and the lack of responsible behaviour amongst school leavers, as indicated by employers, prompted the following questions: • does the school present pupils with opportunities to accept responsibility? • to what extent do pupils experience the opportunities to accept responsibility as such?
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Čermáková, Iveta. "Konzumace alkoholu mládeží: testování Skogovy teorie distribuce alkoholové konzumace." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-287416.
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This master thesis presents a theory of distribution of alcohol consumption by a Norwegian sociologist Ole-Jørgen Skog (1985), which has had an influence on many alcohol policies. Skog's theory described the relationship between the average alcohol consumption in the population and the consumption at all levels of consumption (from light to heavy drinkers). A change in the average consumption of the population is always followed by a change at each level of consumption; Skog describes this relationship as log-linear (multiple) and argues that the largest changes appears at the level of light drinkers. Another key point of this thesis is to describe the development of underage alcohol consumption in the Czech Republic, compared with Finland, which is the subject of the second chapter. A comparison with Finland was chosen based on the results of an international survey ESPAD, which showed that both countries have different trends in alcohol consumption by youth, and in its excessive form as well (Hibell et al., 2012). Data analysed in this thesis come from international surveys ISRD and ESPAD, which consistently showed that alcohol consumption increases over time among Czech youth, while it decreases in Finland. Furthermore, the Czech Republic has higher prevalence of alcohol consumption. In the...
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Hubert, Johannes. "Blaue Bäume unter grünem Himmel?: Über Wahrnehmung und Benennung von Grundfarben und den übersetzungstheoretischen Umgang mit ihren Bezeichnungen." Master's thesis, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12461.
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Die Arbeit prüft, inwieweit die Übersetzungstheorien von Otto Kade et al., Werner Koller und die Skopostheorie das Problem der kulturgebundenen Farbwortvielfalt bei der Übersetzung zu lösen versuchen. Im ersten Teil wird hierfür der Grundstein gelegt, indem interdisziplinäres Wissen auf die Bildung von Farbbezeichnungen, ihrer Herkunft und ihrer biologischen und physikalischen Grundsätze angewendet wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch die Sapir-Whorf-Hypothese diskutiert. Die Etymologie bestehender Farbbezeichnungen verschiedenster Sprachen bildet dabei das Zentrum, sowohl für die Erklärung der Farbwahrnehmung und die Kulturgebundenheit ihrer Bezeichnungen als auch der Neuschöpfung von Farbbezeichnungen in den Übersetzungssituationen. Anhand fiktiver Übersetzungssituationen aus dem Alltag wird der Übersetzungsprozess für jede Übersetzungstheorie simuliert und aus ihrer Sicht verfolgt. Im Abschluss werden die Ergebnisse gegenübergestellt und diskutiert.:Inhaltsverzeichnis
I Abkürzungsverzeichnis 4
1 Einleitung 5
2 Farben: Wahrnehmung und Benennung 8
2.1 Sinnesorgane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2 Auge und „Farbensehen“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.1 Warum Farbe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.2 Farbwahrnehmung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.3 Farbwahrnehmung versus Sprache und Denken . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Farbe und Kultur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3.1 Grundfarbwörter – Berlin und Kay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.3.2 Etymologie der Grundfarbbezeichnungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.3.3 Farbbezeichnungen als Metonymie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3.4 Grundfarbwörter diachron betrachtet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.4 Zusammenfassung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3 Zur Übersetzung von Grundfarbwörtern 51
3.1 Einordnung und Begriffsklärung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.1.1 Übersetzbarkeit, Übersetzungsschwierigkeit oder
Übersetzungsproblem? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.1.2 Übersetzungssituationen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.1.3 Übersetzungseinheit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.1.4 Zwei Übersetzungsfälle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.2 Leipziger Schule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.3 Äquivalenzkonzept nach Werner Koller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.4 Skopostheorie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.5 Vergleich und Diskussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4 Schluss 98
5 Literaturverzeichnis 100
A Abbildungen 106