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Green, Benjamin Stephen. "A skopos-based analysis of Breytenbach’s Titus Andronicus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20107.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Breyten Breytenbach's Afrikaans translation of William Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus is a little known member of the corpus of Afrikaans Shakespeare plays. Published without annotations in South Africa in 1970 and performed in Cape Town in the same year, it has never been performed again and the text has attracted no academic review or led to any subsequent editions. However, situated in 1970 in the heyday of the Apartheid regime, the play's production broke attendance records in Cape Town and was accompanied by substantial public controversy. In this thesis, the author analyses Breytenbach's translation in order to determine whether the translator had an ideological agenda in performing the translation. The analysis is based on a preliminary discussion of culture and ideology in translation, and then uses the Skopostheorie methodology of Hans J. Vermeer (as developed by Christiane Nord) to assess the translation situation and the target text. The target text has been analysed on both a socio-political and microstructural level. The summary outcome of the analysis is that the translator may possibly have tried to promote an anti-Apartheid ideology by translating the play. The outcome is based on several contextual factors such as the socio-political situation in South Africa in which the translated play was published and performed, the translator's stated opposition to the Apartheid system, the choice of Titus Andronicus for translation and production, and to a lesser extent the level of public controversy that accompanied the target text's production in the theatre.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Breyten Breytenbach se Afrikaanse vertaling van William Shakespeare se Titus Andronicus is 'n min bekende eksemplaar van die versameling Shakespeare toneelstukke in Afrikaans. Dit is sonder enige annotasies in 1970 in Suid-Afrika uitgegee, en is dieselfde jaar in Kaapstad opgevoer. Sedertdien is dit nooit weer opgevoer nie, en die teks het geen akademiese kritiek ontlok nie. Die teks is ook nooit weer herdruk nie. Maar in 1970, tydens die toppunt van die Apartheidregime, het hierdie toneelstuk se opvoering bywoningsrekords oortref en dit is deur aansienlike openbare omstredenheid gekenmerk. In dié tesis ontleed die skrywer Breytenbach se vertaling om te bepaal of die vertaler 'n ideologiese agenda in die vertaling van die toneelstuk gehad het. Die ontleding word op 'n voorlopige bespreking van kultuur en ideologie in die vertaalproses gegrond, en maak dan gebruik van die Skopostheorie van Hans J. Vermeer (soos verwerk deur Christiane Nord) om die omstandighede ten tyde van die vertaalproses sowel as die doelteks self te ontleed. Die doelteks is op sowel sosiaalpolitiese as mikrostrukturele vlak ontleed. Die samevattende uitkoms van die ontleding is dat die vertaler moontlik 'n anti-Apartheid ideologie probeer bevorder het deur hierdie toneelstuk te vertaal. Hierdie uitkoms is gegrond op verskeie samehangende faktore, soos die sosiaalpolitiese omstandighede in Suid-Afrika waarin die toneelstuk uitgegee en opgevoer is, die vertaler se vermelde teenkanting teen die Apartheidstelsel, die keuse van Titus Andronicus vir vertaling en opvoering, en tot 'n mindere mate die vlak van openbare omstredenheid wat gepaard gegaan het met die doelteks se opvoering in die teater.
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Norberg, Ulf. "Übersetzen mit doppeltem Skopos : Eine empirische Prozess- und Produktstudie." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of German, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3382.
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The purpose of this experimental study is to examine the translation processes and the resulting translations of eight translators performing translation tasks from German into Swedish. The data about the translation processes were collected with the think-aloud technique, i.e. the translators were asked to verbalize as much of their thinking as possible while translating. The translators – four of whom had long working experience and the others substantially shorter experience – were asked to translate the same source text (a news item) for two different fictitious audiences: first for a morning newspaper and then for a children’s magazine.
With regards to the translation process, the results showed that the two categories of translators did not differ considerably from each other, neither in their dictionary use, nor in their overall accomplishment of the translation tasks. However, they did differ in their attitude. The less experienced translators were more involved in the process, which also led to quality improvements. At the same time, individual differences were substantial regarding all of the criteria examined.
The resulting translations (the products) were evaluated both by the researcher and by journalists from the newspapers or magazines in which the texts, according to the briefs, were to be published. The results showed small differences in text quality for the two categories of translators. According to the journalists, the less experienced translators even produced slightly better texts for the morning paper.
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Norberg, Ulf. "Übersetzen mit doppeltem Skopos : eine empirische Prozess- und Produktstudie /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3382.
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Cheung, Andrew. "Functional and foreignisation : applying skopos theory to bible translation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3547/.
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This thesis considers the practice of Bible translation from the perspective of contemporary translation studies and provides a fresh translation and accompanying commentary of aspects of Paul's Letter to the Romans. The emergence of functionalism, particularly skopos theory, in the latter part of the 20th century is seen as a key moment in the development of translation theory. The thesis argues that it has significant advantages over source text orientated approaches which have traditionally dominated Bible translation practice. An essential history documents this evolution of theoretical developments in translation study. The advantages of skopos theory over equivalence-based approaches are discussed with particular reference to Bible translation theory and the work of E. A. Nida. The functionalist approach increases the range of possible translations, with this thesis adopting a foreignising purpose in a new translation of Romans 1:1-15, 15:14-16:27. The foreignising approach owes its origins to F. Schleiermacher (popularised more recently by L. Venuti among others) and involves rendering a text so as to preserve or heighten the sense of otherness of the source text, thereby retaining something of the foreignness of the original. An accompanying commentary is provided to explain the translator's choices.
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Lindve, Katarina. "Syfte som karta och kompass under loopande översättning : En undersökning av skopos betydelse när en källtext översätts parallellt med två olika skopoi." Thesis, Stockholm University, The Institute for Interpretation and Translation Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42249.
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För att se hur olika skopoi påverkar en översättning översattes en källtext parallellt med vardera sitt specifika skopos. En facktext om vikingarna i Irland på 800-talet översattes dels för publicering i en fackbok, dels för publicering i en populärvetenskaplig tidskrift. För att analysera översättningsprocessen under de två översättningarna registrerades det som Christiane Nord (2005) kallar loopar, återkopplingar under översättningsprocessen när ny kunskap kräver en omformulering av strategin. I en egen metodutveckling av Nords modell registrerades och kategoriserades looparna. Den kvantitativa studien visar att klart flest loopar inträffar i inlednings- och avslutningsskedet av översättningen, oavsett skopos. Antalet loopar för ett skopos som går ut på att producera en nära översättning av denna vetenskapliga text, med dess specifika genremarkörer, är högre än antalet loopar vid produktionen av en kraftigt omarbetad populärvetenskaplig översättning. Den kvalitativa studien visar att kulturspecifika kategorier orsakar flest loopar och ofta kräver individuella strategier.
The Skopos theory, as formulated by Vermeer (1984), stresses that all translations have a purpose to fulfil. However, how this purpose is fulfilled depends on the strategy used by the translator. In order to see the effect of two different purposes for one and the same text, a study, conducted as two parallel annotated translations, was carried out on a scientific text about Vikings in Ireland. Nord‟s (2005) term and understanding of „translation loop‟ was used in order to pinpoint when and how often the different skopoi made it necessary to stop, make a loop, and adjust the translation strategy. The quantitative study shows a pattern where most loops occur at the start and at the end of the translation. The qualitative study of the translation loops shows that cultural aspects originate most loops, and they often demand individual strategies.
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Pisacane, Claudia. "Skopos Theory La figura del traduttore come decoder e re-encoder." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8926/.
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La Skopos Theory è una teoria introdotta nel mondo della traduzione dal linguista tedesco Hans Joseph Vermeer. Skopos è una parola di derivazione greca che significa “fine” o “scopo”. La teoria elaborata da Vermeer si basa sull’idea che ogni testo abbia uno skopos che determina i metodi e le strategie secondo le quali esso debba essere tradotto. Oltre alla Skopos Theory, che sarà la base della tesi, i testi a seguire verranno analizzati seguendo altri autori, quali Mona Baker e Laurence Venuti, che si rifanno all’idea di skopos e analizzano molto dettagliatamente la figura del traduttore come de-coder e re-encoder del testo.
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Gartner, Bernd. "True words are not beautiful : foreignising Ah Q to fulfil the skopos." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4291.
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Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is an analysis of The True Story of Ah Q in English translation (in Chinese-English bilingual format). By applying new translation theories, specifically those of Christiane Nord and Lawrence Venuti, and by demonstrating their applicability it is hoped that this research project will contribute to these theories becoming more accepted in China. The skopos theory and the concepts domestication and foreignisation are the main translation theories utilised in this thesis. The research was begun with the hypothesis that the translators domesticated the English target text, based on Venuti’s belief that the majority of English translations domesticate the original. The two main research questions are: What is the dominant translation strategy utilised by the translators? Does this strategy fulfil the skopos (i.e. the aims of the translation)? The research will also give suggestions for an improved translation and a more effective translation strategy in light of the skopos. In addition, the study will determine whether the bilingual format is suited for the fulfilment of the current skopos. As pointed out in the publisher’s note, this Chinese-English bilingual version of The True Story of Ah Q is intended to exhibit this modern Chinese classic as a great piece of Chinese literature. The primary aim of the translation is to give readers a real experience of the depth and the heights of Chinese culture. The secondary aims of the translation focus on language learning as well as the function for translators (namely to use this translation as an example for future translations). This research project will determine if the translation has fulfilled these aims. The translation theories on which the analyses in this thesis are based are presented in the literature study (chapter 2). This provides the foundation for the comparison between the Chinese ST and the English TT, the evaluation of the translation, and subsequent conclusions. Chapters 3 and 4 present the application of the theory, divided into an analysis of the macro and microstructures respectively. Translation decisions are analysed on these two levels within the theoretical insights presented in chapter 2. It will be these chapters that provide the foundation for the research findings of this thesis. In cases where improvements of the translation are proposed, suggestions will be made and motivated by theoretical insights. The final chapter (chapter 5) will answer the research questions in detail, based on the individual analyses made in chapters 3 and 4 and motivate these answers based mainly on the translation theories of Nord and Venuti. These answers as well as the suggestions for an improved translation are the main contributions that this thesis makes to translation studies. Lastly, suggestions for further research are made in order to stimulate further research on English translations produced in China.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die Engelse vertaling van The true story of Ah Q geanaliseer. Met die studie word daar onder meer gepoog om, deur die toepassing van nuwe vertaalteorieë soos dié van Christiane Nord en Lawrence Venuti, en deur die illustrasie van die teorieë se toepasbaarheid, daartoe by te dra dat dié teorieë meer in China aanvaar word. Die skoposteorie en die konsepte domestikering (‘domestication’) en vervreemding (‘foreignisation’) verteenwoordig die vernaamste vertaalteorieë waarop hierdie tesis berus. Ter aanvang van die studie word die hipotese gestel dat die vertalers ’n domestikerende inslag aan die Engelse teks gegee het. Dit word gebaseer op die mening van Venuti wat glo dat die meerderheid Engelse vertalings ’n domestikerende weergawe van die oorspronklike teks verteenwoordig. Die twee primêre probleemstellings wat in hierdie studie gestel word, lui soos volg: Wat is die dominante vertaalstrategie wat deur die vertalers aangewend word? Vervul hierdie strategie die skopos (met ander woorde die doelstellings van die vertaling)? Die studie doen voorts ook voorstelle vir ’n verbeterde vertaling aan die hand en stel ook ’n meer effektiewe vertaalstrategie op grond van die skopos voor. Verder stel die studie ook vas of die tweetalige format inderdaad gepas is om die bestaande skopos te verwesenlik. Volgens die nota van die uitgewer, is die doel van hierdie Chinees-Engelse weergawe van The true story of Ah Q om dié moderne Chinese klassieke werk as ’n belangrike Chinese literêre teks daar te stel. Die primêre doelstelling van die vertaling is om lesers ’n ware ervaring te gee van die omvattendheid van die Chinese kultuur. Die sekondêre doelstellings van die vertaling fokus op die aanleer van taal, sowel as op die pragmatiese waarde daarvan vir vertalers (naamlik om die vertaling as voorbeeld te neem vir toekomstige vertalings). Hierdie ondersoek sal bepaal of die vertaling wel hierde doelstellings vervul het. Die vertaalteorieë waarop die analise in hierdie tesis berus, word in die literatuurstudie (hoofstuk 2) aangebied. Dit verskaf die basis vir die vergelyking tussen die Chinese .bronteks en die Engelsedoelteks, die evaluering van die vertaling, en die daaropvolgende gevolgtrekkings. Hoofstuk 3 en 4 handel oor die toepassing van die teorie, en is verdeel in die analise van die makro- en mikrostruktuur onderskeidelik. Besluite ten opsigte van die vertaling word op hierdie twee vlakke, en op grond van die teoretiese insigte wat in hoofstuk 2 aangebied word, gëevalueer. Dit is hierdie hoofstukke wat die basis vorm vir die navorsingsresultate van hierdie tesis. In gevalle waar verbeterings vir die vertaling aangebied word, word voorstelle op grond van die relevante teoretiese insigte gegee en gemotiveer. Die slothoofstuk (hoofstuk 5) beantwoord die navorsingsvrae in groter detail en is gebaseer op die afsonderlike analises in hoofstuk 3 en 4. Motiverings vir die antwoorde op hierdie vrae word gebaseer op die vertaalteorieë van veral Nord en Venuti. Hierdie antwoorde, sowel as die voorstelle ter verbetering van die vertaling, is die primêre bydrae van hierdie tesis tot vertaalstudie in die algemeen. Ten slotte word voorstelle vir verdere navorsing gemaak om só verdere ondersoeke oor Engelse vertalings wat in China geproduseer word, te stimuleer.
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Tan, Wen Qi. "Case study of Goldblatt's translation of The Garlic Ballads from skopos perspective." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954285.
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Annani, Stella. "Traduire sans trop trahir. : Traduire un texte théorique sur la traduction avec la cohésion principale comme stratégie principale de traduction." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57873.
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Translating without betraying. Translating a theoretical text about translation, using the strengthening of cohesive links as the principal strategy of translation. The aim of this study was to examine some aspects of the translation of a theoretical text on translation, written in French. In order to do that I started off by translating a passage of the book Introduction à la traductologie. Penser la traduction: hier, aujourd’hui, demain by Mathieu Guidère (2010). The book is intended for students and others interested in translation and translation studies. The theoretical framework of this study makes references to, among others, Blum-Kulka (1986) and to Vermeer (2012) and the skopos theory. As Guidère has a pedagogical aim with his book, it is particularly relevant to pay a special attention to the function of the text while translating. In several cases the source text proved to be both ambiguous and unclear. The skopos theory claims that the function of the target text should be at the center of the translator’s interest. The fact that the translation process requires an interpretation by the translator in the mediation of the message to be transmitted brings, according to Blum-Kulka (1986), about a text that is more redundant than the source text. This redundancy results in a higher level of cohesive explicitness that strengthens the textual cohesion. For this, Blum-Kulka (ibid) suggests that explicitness and greater cohesion can be seen as forming a general strategy in translation. To achieve a greater level of cohesion in the target text and to make it easier to read, I used some translation procedures, namely explicitness, simplification, reference and lexical cohesion (cf. Blum-Kulka 1986, Mauranen & Kujamäki 2004 and Halliday & Hassan 1976). I hope to have shown that these procedures were appropriate for the translation of this source text but also for the function of the target text. At the same time it turned out that these categories were in no way waterproof – on the contrary – many times they actually overlapped. I also found passages where textual coherence could not be achieved through translation strategies. In those cases, the translator faces the choice of either transmitting the inconsistency of the source text by translating them, or leaving the field of translation and rewriting the text. I opted for staying in the field of translation. The analysis of my own translation is of course a translation commentary rather than a scientific research. To really conduct a thorough research on translation procedures related to the function of the target text, you would have to analyze texts from other translators in order to have a more objective study object.
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VInter, Vanja. "Sex, slang and skopos : Analysing a translation of The Smart Bitches’ Guide to Romance." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85641.
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This paper analyses the translation methods used in translating a colloquial, culture-specific text containing allusions and informal language. The analysis focuses on the difficulties arising in the translation of culture-specific phenomena and aspects such as slang and cultural references as well as allusions and language play. The theoretical framework used for structuring the analysis is supported by the theories of Newmark (1988), Nida (1964), Schröter (2005), Reiss (1989), Pym (2010) and Leppihalme (1994), among others. The results indicate that the translation of culturally and connotatively charged words require knowledge and understanding of languages and cultures alike. Further, the results indicate that concept of a word or concept being ‘untranslatable’ may originate from such lack of understanding or knowledge and that further research on the subject is needed.
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Edlund, Larsson Hannah. "Hur man pratar teknik på svenska : - en funktionell teknisk översättning med översättningskommentar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182447.
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Denna uppsats kommenterar min översättning från engelska till svenska av kapitel sju ur The IT support handbook av Mike Halsey. Källtextanalysen visar att texten är pedagogisk men jargongartad på grund av sin breda målgrupp. Syftet är att ge lättläst information och instruktioner. På grund av detta valdes Vermeers Skoposteori och Nords instrumentella översättning som översättningsprincip. Jag använder Nords kategorier för översättningsproblem och översättningssvårigheter för att diskutera arbetet. Svårigheterna är beroende av översättare och situation. Kategoriseringen tyder på att översättningsstudenter kan ha goda språkliga färdigheter men bristande sakkunskap. Lösningarna på främst konventionsrelaterade och lingvistiska problem visar att måltexten anpassats till mottagaren, vilket resulterat i en instrumentell översättning. Samtidigt tilläts vissa främmande drag från källkulturen som kulturella referenser kvarstå, eftersom dessa redan inkorporerats i målkulturen.This essay covers my translation from English to Swedish of chapter seven of Mike Halsey’s The IT support handbook. The source text is pedagogical and easy to read, while also including a lot of jargon due to its broad target group. The purpose is giving easy to read information and instructions. The translation principle chosen is Vermeer and Nord’s skopos theory and instrumental translation. I use Nord’s categories of translation problems and difficulties for discussion. The difficulties suggest that translation students can have reliable linguistic skills but insufficient subject knowledge. The solutions for mainly convention-related and linguistic problems show how the target text has been adapted to its readers, resulting in an instrumental translation. Some cultural references remain in the target text however, since they were already incorporated into the target culture.
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Ollars, Jenny. "Aux frontières des langages administratifs : Des aspects structurels et terminologiques de la traduction en suédois d'un texte français portant sur l'espace Schengen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67740.
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The present study aims to analyse, from a functional perspective, the Swedish translation of an administrative text about how the border control in France is organised in cooperation between the border police and customs authorities. It is an informative text produced by French authorities at the request of the European Commission, and the translation for a Swedish-speaking audience in a national context (as opposed to a supranational, institutional one) will have a slightly different aim – or skopos, referring to the concept developed by Vermeer. The translated text is an excerpt from a survey, containing both questions and answers, that was sent out to various member countries. It is considered to belong to the text variety category that the Swedish EU translation units refer to as “communications” (meddelanden). Texts belonging to this category have a content that is political or administrative in nature, rather than legal or judicial. The source and target texts are studied in a contrastive manner, focusing on two major aspects: referential coherence and organisation terminology. Both aspects are examined in a quantitative and qualitative way, with the aim or skopos as a guiding principle when deciding on which translation strategies to adopt. More specifically, the first part of the study aims to examine if a reinforced referential coherence could contribute to attain the aim of “clear language” (klarspråk) which is a key feature in the language used by Swedish public authorities. The second part of the analysis focuses on terms referring to different organisational levels, and the functional equivalents that best suit the skopos of the target text, e.g. through the study of organisational charts. In conclusion, reinforced referential coherence seems to be one of the ways in which clear language can be achieved, and consideration of different hierarchical relations between terms is important when translating organisational terminology. The study overall highlights the importance of adapting the target text to its context and intended readers, for example by studying parallel texts.
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Attåsen, Micaela. "Sommarborna : En konstprosaisk översättning med kommentar av en skräcknovell av Shirley Jackson." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193660.
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Detta arbete utgörs av en skönlitterär översättning från engelska till svenska med tillhörande kommentar. Texten som har översatts är skräcknovellen The Summer People av den amerikanska författaren Shirley Jackson (1916–1965). En källtextnära översättningsprincip upprättades för översättningsarbetet baserat på teorier om skopos, polysystemteori samt domesticering/exotisering. Översättningskommentaren innehåller en redogörelse för de översättningsstrategier som tillämpats vad gäller överföring av källtextens kultur- och tidsspecifika referenser, talspråksmarkörer och stilistiska drag. Det utfördes även en mindre specialundersökning bestående av en kvalitativ jämförelse mellan svenska översättningar av Shirley Jacksons romaner utförda av Inger Edelfeldt och Torkel Franzén. Specialundersökningen visade att Edelfeldt tog sig något större friheter med texten, och framför allt Franzéns översättning hade stora likheter med den aktuella översättningen av The Summer People.This paper consists of a commented translation of literary fiction from English to Swedish. The translated text is a short story of the horror genre called The Summer People by the American author Shirley Jackson (1916–1965). A source text-oriented translation principle was established for the translation task based on theories such as skopos, polysystem theory and domestication/foreignization. The commentary contains an account for the translational strategies that were applied regarding transfer of culture- and period-specific references, indications of spoken language, and literary style in the source text. An additional minor study was also carried out, consisting of a qualitative comparison between translations of Shirley Jackson’s novels executed by Inger Edelfeldt and Torkel Franzén. The additional study showed that Edelfeldt made slightly more alterations of the text, and Franzén’s translation in particular showed striking similarities to the current translation of The Summer People.
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Benvenuti, Letizia. "Il traduttore come comunicatore multilingue: il caso del digital marketing." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13734/.
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Questo elaborato intende analizzare il ruolo della traduzione nel contesto geopolitico attuale, con particolare attenzione all’utilizzo della traduzione nell’ambito del marketing digitale. Tale analisi si focalizzerà sugli aspetti traduttologici, con una prospettiva interdisciplinare e multidisciplinare. Infine, si intende offrire una panoramica sul ruolo che il traduttore può rivestire nell’ambito del marketing digitale e dei possibili sbocchi occupazionali che ne possono derivare.
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Martin, Brett Jeremy. "The [skopos (romanized form)] of scripture as [paideia (romanized form)] Origen's hermeneutics, lectio divina, and a sacramental model of reading scripture /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Nogueira, Forssell Joel. "Horrorsköna slovisar : Att översätta nadsat i Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182263.
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This essay aims at analysing and understanding different choices made by Caj Lundgren when he translated Anthony Burgess’s novel A Clockwork Orange (1962), more specifically when he translated the fictive language called Nadsat, which is one of the features that made this novel famous. The method used to analyse Lundgren’s translation is based on Reiß and Veermer’s (1984/2014) concept of skopos and functional equivalence. Conclusions drawn are that Lundgren uses a compensatory translation strategy, and that a model can be created for identification of Russian words in the original text’s Nadsat and the transfer of these words to the target text as Swedish Nadsat. In a comparison between Lundgren and two Russian translators’ strategies, their strategies are shown to differ, which could be caused by different translation problems dependent on the target languages.Denna uppsats mål är att analysera olika val som Caj Lundgren gjorde i sin översättning av Anthony Burgess roman A Clockwork Orange (1962), specifikt avseende originalets fiktiva språk, som Burgess döpte till nadsat. Metoden som använts för analysen baseras på Reiß och Veermers (1984/2014) term skopos och funktionell ekvivalens. Slutsatser som dras är dels att Lundgren använder sig av en kompensatorisk strategi vid översättning, dels att ett schema kan uppställas för identifiering av ryska ord i originalets nadsat och deras överföring till måltexten som svensk nadsat. I en jämförelse mellan Lundgrens och två ryska översättares strategier visas att deras strategier skiljer sig åt, vilket kan bero på översättningsproblematik avhängig målspråken.
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Pelegri, Kristic Andrea Paz. "Approche fonctionnaliste de la langue au théâtre. Pour une version chilienne du Chant du Dire-Dire de Daniel Danis." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20487.
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L’étude proposée accompagne une traduction en espagnol d’un extrait du Chant du Dire-Dire de Daniel Danis en vue d’une production de la pièce par la compagnie Tiatro à Santiago du Chili. La méthodologie utilisée s’appuie sur la théorie fonctionnaliste du skopos (Vermeer 1978). Celle-ci envisage chaque traduction comme un acte de communication à part entière, indépendant de celui du texte source, puisqu’elle est destinée à un système socio-culturel différent et ainsi s’adresse à des usagers différents ; d’où la nécessité de soumettre le dispositif du texte source à ces nouveaux paramètres au moment d’établir le « projet » de la traduction. Cette approche fonctionnaliste remet en question le caractère prescriptif de certains concepts proposés pour traduire le théâtre, comme celui de « playability », « performability » ou de « théâtralité ». On constate que ces notions sont trop ambiguës et ne tiennent pas compte des particularités esthétiques de chaque pièce ou du contexte de la représentation. L’établissement du skopos, c’est-à-dire de l’objectif de notre propre traduction destinée à un public chilien, repose principalement sur une analyse dramaturgique et esthétique de la pièce de Danis. Les particularités du texte sont décrites, en particulier, le traitement de la langue, qui constitue le principal défi de la traduction. Celle-ci est étudiée dans ses rapports avec le théâtre québécois de « l’époque du joual » et avec l’oralité populaire pour cerner une singularité porteuse du projet dramaturgique de l’auteur. L’étude détaillée de la pièce est suivie d’une traduction commentée d’un « dire » intitulé Les traces du chaos dans la maison Durant. Cette traduction est présentée sous forme bilingue et accompagnée d’un commentaire explicitant les problèmes rencontrés et les solutions micro-structurelles proposées en fonction du skopos préalablement établi.
The present research complements a Spanish translation of an excerpt of Daniel Danis’ Le Chant du Dire-Dire (Song of the Say-Sayer) for a future production by the theatre company Tiatro in Santiago de Chile. The methodology is based on Vermeer’s skopos theory (1978), a functionalist approach to translation. This theory considers every translation an independent communicational act, different from the one established by the source text since it is destined to a different socio-cultural system and thus, different users. As such, it is necessary to adapt the source text system to these new parameters when defining the translation “project”. This functionalist approach puts into question some of the best known concepts advanced in theatre translation during the past twenty years, such as “playability”, “performability” or “theatricality”. They prove too vague and do not take into considering the aesthetic specificities of each play or the context to which they are destined. The parameters of the skopos, in the present case, that of a translation intended to be performed in front of a Chilean audience, is based on a detailed analysis of Danis’ play. This analysis defines the unique attributes of the text, specifically in regards to the use of language. The research also examines the relationship between the play’s language and the “époque du joual” (1960-1970’s) in québécois theatre, as well as its rapport with québécois vernaculars, insofar as they are key in the articulation of the playwright’s dramaturgical project. The analysis of the play is followed by an annotated translation of the “dire” entitled Les traces du chaos dans la maison Durant (Traces of chaos in the Lasting home). This translation, presented in a bilingual format, provides commentary explaining the different problems encountered during the process as well as the micro-structural adaptations proposed according to the pre-established skopos.
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Laurer, Janin. "The translation of song lyrics in popular music : German lyrics and their translation into English." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79882.
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This study investigates the translation of song lyrics and presents an analysis of translation outcomes. While the majority of previous studies regarding song translation focuses on the translation of lyrics from musicals and operas, this study focuses on the translation of popular song lyrics. The lyrics of eight German songs and their English versions were analysed using the approximation approach (Franzon 2009) which divides smaller textual units into the categories paraphrase, metaphrase and addition. The target texts (henceforth TT) were also categorised according to Peter Low’s (2013) song translation categories, translation, adaptation and replacement text. The aim of this study is to determine to what degree the meaning of the source texts (henceforth ST) is transferred into the TTs and to determine how Franzon’s approximation approach can be used to determine if the TTs are translations, adaptations, or replacement texts. This study found that all TTs were mostly made up of paraphrases and metaphrases, which means that all TT derived to most parts directly from the STs i.e. the TT was written using mostly direct and oblique translations. Due to the low frequency of additions and all significant details of the STs being transferred into the TTs, all song translations analysed in this study were categorised as translations.
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Arciniegas, Sara. "«Por no echar la soga tras el caldero» : Un análisis de la traducción al sueco de la novela Lazarillo de Tormes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174120.
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Traducir textos antiguos es un desafío para un traductor, porque además de ser competente en las lenguas tratadas, hay que poder interpretar el contexto cultural del texto original y reproducirlo para los lectores del texto meta. En esta tesina se ha analizado una traducción al sueco de la novela antigua La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades, de los traductores Lars Axelsson y Margareta Marin. El objetivo fue analizar cómo los traductores han superado los problemas y dificultades que se pueden encontrar al traducir un texto antiguo, y qué fue el resultado de una traducción así. Se ha usado una metodología para la traducción de Vinay y Darbelnet y la teoría de skopos de Vermeer, para llevar a cabo el análisis. En el resultado se ha visto que la traducción oblicua fue el método más usado, y el texto meta se diferencia del texto original en varias maneras. A pesar de esto, los traductores han logrado conservar la esencia del texto original en el texto meta.Translating ancient texts is a challenge for the translator. It is not enough to be competent in the languages in question, it is also necessary to be able to interpret the cultural context and reproduce it for the readers of the target text. In this thesis, the Swedish translation of La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades by the translators Lars Axelsson y Margareta Marin has been analyzed. The purpose was to analyze how the translators have overcome the problems and difficulties that can be encountered whilst translating an ancient text, and what was the result of such translation. A methodology for translation by Vinay and Darbelnet and the skopos theory by Vermeer have been used to carry out the analysis. As a result, it was seen that oblique translation was the most common method, and the target text is different than the original text in many ways. Despite this, the translators have succeeded with conserving the essence of the original text in the target text.
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Giardina, Eleonora. "Gaelic Literature in Translation: the Effect of English Within and Beyond the Contact Zone The Case of Italian Translations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17620/.
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In un contesto di lingue minoritarie, come nel caso del gaelico scozzese, la traduzione letteraria verso lingue maggioritarie può avere una natura ambivalente: se da un lato garantisce la diffusione di una letteratura altrimenti isolata, dall’altro potrebbe perpetuare degli squilibri di potere che spesso caratterizzano i rapporti tra la cultura dominante e la cultura minoritaria. Se questo è specialmente vero nella traduzione dal gaelico all’inglese, lingua la cui espansione è avvenuta a scapito della cultura gaelica, è possibile che anche nelle traduzioni italiane, prodotte generalmente tramite la versione inglese, tali squilibri vengano riconfermati. Nella presente tesi verranno analizzate le circostanze che hanno portato alla minoritizzazione del gaelico, individuando certe dinamiche riconducibili al postcolonialismo. Si commenterà il dibattito prettamente scozzese sulle più comuni pratiche di traduzione e pubblicazione utilizzate nell’editoria gaelica, adottando una prospettiva che mutua dai Minority Translation Studies, secondo cui la traduzione, se usata correttamente, può essere uno strumento capace di invertire il declino di una lingua minoritaria. Infine, si analizzeranno le risposte dei poeti gaelici e dei traduttori che ne hanno reso le opere fruibili in Italia. La ricerca svelerà che le attuali pratiche editoriali riguardanti la poesia gaelica, spesso a favore di un pubblico anglofono, non rispecchiano la diversità di posizioni degli autori intervistati, e dunque si raccomanderà l’adozione di pratiche per un panorama editoriale più rappresentativo. Lo studio mostrerà anche come, nonostante i traduttori italiani abbiano generalmente adottato strategie per compensare la scarsa conoscenza del gaelico, maggiore consapevolezza e ulteriori strategie siano necessarie affinché le pratiche traduttive e editoriali in Italia possano essere il più possibile vantaggiose alla promozione e alla rivitalizzazione della lingua, della letteratura e della cultura gaeliche.
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Normandin, Julie Stéphanie. "Méthode de la lecture, lecture de la méthode : l'acte de lecture en didactique de la traduction (Canada)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19842.
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Cette étude entend questionner l’impensé de la lecture et de la textualité sous-jacent aux modèles traductologiques orientés vers le processus qui se sont imposés en didactique de la traduction au cours des quatre dernières décennies, tels que la théorie interprétative de l’École de Paris et la théorie fonctionnaliste du Skopos de l’École allemande, et qui sous-tendent actuellement la formation des traducteurs professionnels au Canada. On trouvera dans ces pages, après un survol de l’histoire de cette formation, une confrontation dialogique entre les fondements immanentistes des approches qui y sont dominantes et ceux de théories issues du champ littéraire ayant problématisé l’acte de lecture, ainsi que l’analyse de la traduction collective d’une œuvre de fiction (réalisée par une équipe de traducteurs diplômés du premier cycle) dont le but est d’étayer la critique métathéorique.
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Alsbjer, Lina. "La cultura sueca traducida al español : Un análisis de la traducción al español de la novela "Låt den rätte komma in"." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för spanska, portugisiska och latinamerikastudier, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40675.
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El objetivo del presente trabajo es investigar y analizar la traducción al español de la novela “Låt den rätte komma in” de John Ajvide Lindqvist, con el enfoque en los elementos de la cultura sueca. Aunque la traductología es una disciplina relativamente nueva en el campo de la ciencia, ya se han desarollado una multitud de teorías, y por tanto hay varios posibles puntos de partida para hacer un análisis. Tomamos el nuestro en la teoría del skopos de Reiss y Vermeer, que es apta para clasificar los modos de traducir y para analizar la intención de la traductora. Defendemos la hipótesis de que la traductora habrá usado las estrategias de traducción filológica y comunicativa, para lograr un texto terminal que es adaptado a las necesidades de los lectores de la cultura meta. Para realizar la investigación comparamos las partes del texto original que contengan elementos culturales relevantes con el texto terminal y hacemos un análisis en cada caso. Concluimos que la traductora ha usado más las estrategias de traducción literal y filológica, aunque a veces usa la estrategia literal a costa de la coherencia del texto terminal.
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Roccasalva, Candice. "Traduire la culture sociopolitique : Étude de la traduction française de noms propres liés à l’organisation politique et sociale en Suède." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-48590.
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The purpose of the present essay is to study the difficulties of translating, into French, Swedish proper names with a connection to the socio-political organisation of the country, i.e. names of Swedish national institutions and governemental bodies, unions and political parties as well as national and local non-profit organisations, and to discuss, in context, the validity of the various possible translation methods. The source texts used as primary material are excerpts from the book Porr, horor och feminister by Swedish author Petra Östergren (2006) in which she intends to offer a historical and at the same time critical insight into the debate about pornography and prostitution in Sweden. Drawing on both the skopos theory of Vermeer and Reiss and the theories about the translation of cultural elements developed by Swedish scholar Brynja Svane, the author of this essay will, as a first step, analyse the text type, skopos and target audience of both the source texts and the target texts, and, as a second step, sort out all instances of the chosen proper nouns according to the translation method used to render them. The motivations behind each translation choice, above all in accordance with the skopos of the texts but also with the stylistic requirements of the target language, will then be discussed and evaluated in details.
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Di, Rienzo Margherita. "DIVULGAZIONE SCIENTIFICA E TRADUZIONE Il caso di: Alla scoperta del microbioma umano. Flora batterica, nutrizione e malattie del progresso” di Fabio Piccini." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14163/.
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Ogni testo di divulgazione scientifica ha come suo obiettivo principale la diffusione tra un pubblico di non specialisti delle conoscenze ottenute attraverso la ricerca. Per ottenere questo risultato, un testo di divulgazione scientifica deve necessariamente utilizzare un linguaggio accessibile al pubblico al quale è destinato, un linguaggio che renda meno oscuro, meno incomprensibile il linguaggio utilizzato per la comunicazione tra gli scienziati. Esso trasforma il discorso scientifico modificandone il linguaggio, traducendolo nei termini del linguaggio comune .
Un testo di divulgazione scientifica può essere a sua volta oggetto di traduzione; la traduzione di questo genere di testi presenta caratteristiche particolari, in primo luogo in ragione del fatto che si tratta di un secondo grado di traduzione, poiché il testo di partenza costituisce già un adattamento in un linguaggio diverso di un altro o altri testi .
Questa traduzione “di secondo grado” costituisce l’oggetto delle pagine che seguono: cercheremo di fornire una descrizione che ne metta in luce le caratteristiche peculiari, di enumerare le difficoltà che essa può comportare e, nei limiti delle nostre possibilità, di proporre alcune strategie per risolverle.
Come fondamento di questa descrizione proponiamo la traduzione in francese di un testo di divulgazione in lingua italiana, dedicato a un tema di attualità scientifica: la ricerca relativa al microbioma umano.
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Гэ, М. Д., and M. D. Ge. "Перевод русско-китайских рекламных текстов : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/104042.
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Данная работа посвящена переводческому исследованию о переводе рекламных текстов с русского языка на китайский в свете теории скопоса. С развитием глобализации торговые обмены между странами всё более и более оживляются, многие компании и фирмы начали осуществлять транснациональные стратегии и активно расширять рынки за рубежом. На фоне информатизации люди стали обращать особое внимание на рекламирование, являющееся важным средством передачи информации о товарах и услугах. По указанной причине постепенно повышается статус перевода рекламных текстов, служащего посредничеством транснациональной торговли и межкультурной коммуникации. В последние годы китайско-российские экономические связи бурно развиваются, русская продукция в большом объёме продаётся на китайском рынке. В связи с этим исследование перевода рекламных текстов с русского на китайский язык имеет большое актуальное значение и необходимо на современном этапе развития межкультурных отношений. В 1970-е годы в Германии возникла новая теория перевода– функциональная теория перевода, основной частью которой является теория скопоса, ставит проблему перевода рекламных текстов под новый угол зрения. Основная идея теории такова: перевод – это особая форма деятельности человека, она имеет свою определенную цель, на основании которой можно принимать подходящие переводческие стратегии и методы в процессе перевода. Теория скопоса имеет своей целью перевод рекламы с оригинального языка, и этот перевод представляет собой целенаправленные тексты. Поэтому в данной работе теория скопоса может с успехом применяться для перевода рекламы. Теоретическая и практическая значимость данного исследования заключается в том, что, с одной стороны, была найдена новая теория для анализа переводных русских рекламных текстов, а с другой, результаты исследования могут способствовать дальнейшему укреплению и развитию торговых обменов и межкультурной коммуникации между Китаем и Россией.This work is devoted to the study of translation of advertising texts from Russian to Chinese according to skpos theory. With the development of globalization, trade between countries is becoming more and more active, and many enterprises and business firms have started to implement transnational strategies and actively expand overseas markets. In the context of informationization, people began to pay special attention to advertising, which is an important means of transmitting information about goods and services. For this reason, the status of translation of advertising texts is gradually increasing, becoming an intermediary for transnational trade and cross-cultural communication. In recent years, Russian-Chinese economic relations have developed rapidly, and Russian products are sold in large quantities to the Chinese market. In this regard, the study of translation of Russian advertising texts into Chinese is very important and necessary at the current stage of development of intercultural relations. In the 1970s, a new translation theory appeared in Germany - functional translation theory, the main part of which is the theory of scope, addressing the problem of translation of advertising texts from a new perspective. The main idea of the theory is that translation is a special form of human activity, which has its own specific objectives, on the basis of which it is possible to use appropriate translation strategies and methods in the translation process. The purpose theory aims to translate ads from the original language, and this translation represents the target text. Therefore, in this work, the purpose theory can be successfully applied to translate advertisements. The theoretical and practical significance of this study is that, on the one hand, a new theory is found for the analysis of translated texts of Russian advertisements, and on the other hand, the results of the research can further strengthen and develop trade and cross-cultural communication. Russian-Chinese communication. trade and cross-cultural Russian-Chinese communication.
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Westling, Måns. "A Qualitative Descriptive Translation Study of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8055.
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This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour.
By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.
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Zomegnan, Elisabet. "Traduire un portrait de Paris : Une étude sur les problèmes de traduction d’un récit de voyage du français au suédois." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78063.
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The aim of this essay is to investigate the translation problems translating a travel book about Paris, with cultural and historic connotations, from French, source language, into Swedish, target language. The method that is used is Nords’ text analysis model, which is functionalist and pragmatic. Her theory of action is based on Vermeers’ skopos theorie and on Reiss’ text typology. Nords’ looping model includes analysis, transfer and synthesis. She focuses on three important aspects which are the translation brief, the role of the source-text analysis and the importance of the functional hierarchy of translation problems. Nord proposes two different translation strategies: Documentary translation and Instrumental translation. The first one is source text oriented and the second one is target text oriented. Our study focuses on pragmatic and cultural equivalence concerning the different aspects as style, lexis (vocabulary) and syntax in the source language and the translation into the target language. The purpose of the translation is target text oriented which means that different strategies, as adaptations and explanations, are used in the target text. The conclusions that are drawn from this study are that historical and cultural connotations, that are present in the source text, require a deep knowledge on the French culture and language, this being a necessary competence for the translator to produce a comprehensible translation for the target text audience.
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Aineström, Catharina. "Kreativmetropole, Rundumsorgloswohlfühlpakete und Wunsch-Location : Berücksichtigung der Textfunktion und des Textstils bei der Übersetzung eines webbasierten Tourismustextes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20885.
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ABSTRACT This essay deals with translation issues, mainly in regard to text function and text norms, which arose during the transfer of a German source text, situated within the field of tourism, into a Swedish target text. Special attention was paid to anglicisms, a typical feature of German marketing language and also a key stylistic feature of the source text at hand. A challenge to translators in general is which textual and cultural considerations, besides considerations of language, should be taken into account in the translation process. In translation literature semantics and pragmatics have received considerable attention. The analysis in this particular essay was based on the skopos theory and Reiss’ translation-oriented text typology. The analysis showed that the source text has an operative function, meaning that it is aimed at influencing the reader in a specific direction, but at the same time fulfills an informative function. Both these functions must be reflected in the translation. The comparison of text norms of tourist texts showed that the use of anglicisms is less common in Swedish tourist texts than in German tourist texts, and therefore many of the anglicisms in the source text were exchanged for equivalent Swedish expressions in the target text. When an equivalent anglicism was not available, the denotation was expressed in accordance with the function of that particular linguistic element, which means that in some cases semantic equivalence was attained and in some cases priority was given to text-normative and pragmatic equivalence.
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Stefan, Landberg. "Skolors användning av grönområden : En studie om hur skolor använder utomhuspedagogik i grönområden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-155153.
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This study investigates how schools use green areas and what obstacles the schools meet in using green areas. In two different schools in the suburbs of Stockholm students from year 9, teachers and the school management have been interviewed. With the key concepts ofenvironmental justice, sense of place and outdoor education this study has been trying to get a deeper understanding of the schools use of green areas. According to the regulatory document LGR 11 schools must strive to make students aware of the environment close to them, something outside education have been shown to achieve. Teachers did not agree in what obstacles there was for having outdoor education in green areas and far from all the students were interested of being educated in green areas. The two schools had different approaches to outdoor education and usage of green areas. Why that is can is hard to answer but accordingto the school management from one of the schools it could have to do with lack of school traditions regarding outdoor education.
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Fuchs, Sandra Navarro. "Orientações culturais e suas implicações para a tradução funcionalista: um estudo na área do turismo à luz da Linguística de Corpus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-27082018-165601/.
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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação das diferenças de orientações culturais entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos a partir da análise de um corpus de resenhas de viajantes e aplicar esses resultados em uma proposta de tradução funcionalista na área do turismo. Cultura, neste trabalho, é entendida como sistema compartilhado para a interpretação da realidade e organização da experiência (Katan, 2004: 26), noção relacionada às orientações culturais ou tendências que as culturas desenvolvem para determinados padrões de percepção da realidade. Adotamos o referencial teórico de três áreas: Estudos Interculturais para a eleição do modelo de orientações culturais que norteia a análise (Hall, 1977; Hofstede, 2001; Trompenaars e Hampden-Turner, 2012; Walker et al. 2003); Linguística de Corpus e sua perspectiva da linguagem como sistema probabilístico (Sinclair, 1991); Teoria Funcionalista da Tradução (Vermeer, 1989) e seu enfoque na função comunicativa do texto final como o fio condutor das estratégias tradutórias. O corpus de estudo é composto por resenhas de hotéis extraídas do site TripAdvisor, escritas em inglês por americanos e em português por brasileiros. Foram compiladas 15 mil resenhas, totalizando 2.160.333 palavras, divididas em dois subcorpora em cada idioma: resenhas de americanos sobre hotéis nos EUA e sobre hotéis no Brasil; resenhas de brasileiros sobre hotéis nos EUA e sobre hotéis no Brasil. Esse corpus foi explorado com o auxílio do software WordSmith Tools 7 (Scott, 2016). No total, foram apresentadas nove análises, com base nas palavras-chave das cinco categorias semânticas estabelecidas: VALOR/JULGAMENTO Brazilian (standards) e star; ATENDIMENTO staff e complain; ESTADIA experience e disappointing; ESTRUTURA FÍSICA room e lobby; COMODIDADES breakfast. A cultura americana foi caracterizada pelas orientações à comunicação low context, ao individualismo, ao pensamento indutivolinear e ao universalismo. Dentre outras características, observou-se uma alta expectativa de que a estrutura física e os serviços prestados pelo hotel sejam consistentes e compatíveis com o padrão da rede e categoria de estrelas. A cultura brasileira demonstrou tendência às orientações à comunicação high context, ao coletivismo, ao pensamento dedutivo-sistêmico e ao particularismo. Como consequência, as resenhas dos brasileiros demonstram ser mais pautadas em descrições gerais e impressões pessoais do que em critérios concretos e objetivos. Esses e outros achados embasaram a proposta de tradução funcionalista (português > inglês) de um site de hotel, demonstrando que o conhecimento sobre as orientações culturais, quando aplicado à tradução no âmbito do turismo, permite que se produza um texto final alinhado à sua função informativa e persuasiva.The aim of this research is to carry out a cross-cultural corpus-based analysis of Brazilian and American travelers reviews, interpreting results within the theoretical frame of cultural orientations. We then apply the findings to a functionalist translation of a tourism text. Culture is defined as a \"shared system for interpreting reality and organizing experience\" (Katan, 2004: 26), which is closely related to the concept of cultural orientations or tendencies that cultures develop towards certain patterns of perception. This research draws on the principles of three major areas: Intercultural Studies for selecting the cultural orientations model that underpins the analysis (Hall, 1977; Hofstede, 2001; Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner, 2012; Walker et al., 2003); Corpus Linguistics and its perspective of language as a probabilistic system (Sinclair, 1991); and the Skopos Theory of Translation (Vermeer, 1989) that sees the communicative function of the target text as the guiding principle behind translation strategies. The study corpus is comprised of TripAdvisor hotel reviews written in English by American travelers and in Portuguese by Brazilian travelers. A total of 15,000 reviews and 2,160,333 words were compiled, divided into two subcorpora in each language: American reviews of hotels in the USA and hotels in Brazil; Brazilian reviews of hotels in the USA and hotels in Brazil. This corpus was explored with the aid of WordSmith Tools 7 (Scott, 2016). A total of nine analyses were presented, based on keywords from five semantic categories: VALUE/JUDGMENT - \'Brazilian (standards)\' and \'star\'; SERVICE - \'staff\' and \'complain\'; STAY - \'experience\' and \'disappointing\'; PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES - \'room\' and \'lobby\'; AMENITIES - \'breakfast\'. Americans displayed a low-context orientation to communication, linear-inductive orientation to thinking as well as individualism and universalistic orientations. As a consequence, Americans showed high expectation for consistency and compatibility among hotel physical attributes, services provided and hotel chain or star rating. Brazilians exhibited cultural orientations towards high-context communication, deductive-systemic thinking, particularism and collectivism. Among other characteristics, Brazilian reviews proved to be mostly based on general descriptions and personal impressions rather than concrete and objective criteria. These and other findings created the basis for our functionalist approach to a translation (Portuguese > English) of a hotel website, thus showing that an understanding of cultural orientations plays a role in tourism translation, helping ensure the target tourism text reaches its informative and persuasive functions.
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Parmbäck, Helene. "Transhumances, troilles et trinqueballes : Une approche fonctionnaliste de la traduction de termes liés au milieu montagnard français." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65950.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the author’s Swedish translation of French specific terms linked to a particular theme: mountain life in old time France. Which translation techniques are used, and how can these be related to the target text’s function? This is done from a functionalist point of view, where Reiss and Vermeer’s skopos theory and Nord’s translation brief model provide a theoretical base. This approach is used in combination with terminological concepts and Vinay and Darbelnet’s different translation techniques. These are slightly modified to accommodate for other elements, such as the voluntary omission of a term. The source text is a chapter from a book on the Hautes-Alpes, translated for the Swedish Alpine Club’s imaginary jubilee book on mountain life around the world. A total of 98 different terms are identified and classified into three groups according to their characteristics: special terms, local terms and general terms. The approach is mainly a qualitative one, analyzing a selection of terms. Some quantitative data is presented as a reference point for the analysis. The results suggest that the definition of a skopos does not provide any clear indications regarding the translation technique used, and there does not seem to be any strong causal relations between the type of term, the skopos and the translation technique. The translation techniques using equivalence, modulation, omission and explanatory additions are the most commonly used. In each individual translation case, there is an interaction between the rule of coherence and the rule of fidelity. This requires a great deal of flexibility when it comes to finding a target text solution that is coherent for the reader identified in the translation brief. No standardized solutions are offered and the skopos oriented translation will use a wide variety of translation techniques.
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Nielsen, Oskar. "Dazai på svenska : En kommenterad översättning av novellerna 走れメロス – Hashire Merosu (”Spring, Moerus!”) och 富嶽百景 – Fugaku Hyakkei (”Hundra vyer över Fuji”) av Osamu Dazai." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117809.
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Denna uppsats består av två översättningar av den japanska författaren Osamu Dazais noveller Spring, Moerus! och Hundra vyer över Fuji från japanska till svenska samt en analys som ur ett litteratur-vetenskapligt perspektiv hjälper till att fastställa översättningsstrategin – att göra en adekvansinriktad och främmandegörande översättning. Översättningarna följs av en översättningsteoretisk kommentar som fokuserar på de tre problemområdena grammatik och lexikon, menings- och styckesstruktur samt passivering. Ett litteraturvetenskapligt perspektiv för källtextanalysen visar sig vara mycket tillämpbart för dessa texter på grund av deras genre, jag-romanen, som är typisk för japansk 1900-talslitteratur. Källtexterna och måltexterna finns med som bilagor.This essay consists of two translations of the two Japanese short stories Hashire Merosu and Fugaku Hyakkei (in Swedish Spring Moerus! and Hundra vyer över Fuji) by the author Osamu Dazai from Japanese to Swedish. An analysis through a literary science perspective helps to establish the translation strategy, which is to make an adequate and foreignized translation. The translations are followed by a theoretical translation annotation which focuses on the issues of grammar and lexicon, sentence and paragraph structure along with the usage of the passive form. A literary science perspective on the source text analysis proves to be very applicable for these texts because of their genre, the I-novel, which is typical for 20th century Japanese literature. The source and target texts are available as appendixes at the end of the essay.
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Žadauskienė, Inga. "Valstybės skolos naštos vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120613_135200-68386.
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Tyrimo objektas – skolos našta.
Darbo tikslas – parengti metodiką ir įvertinti skolos naštą.
Uždaviniai:
1. atskleisti valstybės skolos esmę, klasifikavimą bei skolinimosi tikslus;
2. išanalizuoti teigiamą ir neigiamą skolos poveikį ekonomikai;
3. nustatyti kokiais santykiniais rodikliais bei metodais vertinama skolos našta;
4. parengti skolos naštos įvertinimo metodiką;
5. įvertinti Lietuvos skolos naštą ir palyginti su kitomis Baltijos šalimis.
Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizės ir sintezės metodas, matematinio modeliavimo ir apibendrinimo metodai, statistinių rodiklių rinkimo, palyginimo ir grafinio vaizdavimo būdai.
Lietuvos valstybės skolos naštos įvertinimas atliktas 2001–2011 m. laikotarpiu.
Tyrimo rezultatai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje atskleidus valstybės skolos esmę, sudėties svarbą, bei skolinimosi tikslus, nustatytas teorinis valstybės skolos poveikis ekonomikai. Antroje darbo dalyje, išanalizavus įvairių mokslininkų darbus, pateikti skolos naštos įvertinimo modeliai, išskiriami skolos naštos įvertinimo rodikliai, parengta skolos naštos įvertinimo metodika. Trečioje darbo dalyje, pagal siūlomą skolos naštos įvertinimo metodiką, įvertinta Lietuvos skolos našta, gauti rezultatai palyginami su kitomis Baltijos šalimis, nustatytos rezultatų priežastys.
Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvos ir Latvijos didėjanti valstybės skola jau tapo neigiamai ekonomiką veikiančiu makroekonominiu rodikliu, kuris rodo, kad valstybės skola tampa našta ateities kartoms... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Object of the research – debt burden. Aim of the research – to prepare methods and to assess the debt burden. Objectives: 1. to reveal the essence of the public debt, classification and goals of borrowing; 2. to analyze the positive and negative effects of debt on the economy; 3. to determine the indicators and methods to be used in evaluating the debt burden; 4. to prepare methods for the debt burden assessment; 5. to assess the debt burden of Lithuania, to compare it with that of other Baltic countries. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, mathematical modeling, aggregation, statistical data collection, comparison, visualization techniques. The evaluation of Lithuanian public debt burden was carried out during the period of 2001-2011. Research results. The first part reveals the essence of the public debt, the importance of its composition and borrowing targets, determines the theoretical impact on the economy. The second part analyzes the models of the debt burden, distinguishes the figures of debt burden, prepares methodology the debt burden. The third part employs the methology of the debt burden of Lithuanian debt for future generations, compares the results obtained with those of the other Baltic countries, establishes reasons of results. The results show that growing national debt of Lithuania and Latvia has become a negative macro-economical indicator, which shows that public debt would be a burden for future generations. Lithuanian... [to full text]
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Braga, Guilherme da Silva. "Arthur Machen e O grande deus Pã : uma proposta funcionalista de tradução retrospectiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143657.
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A partir da teoria do escopo formulada por Katharina Reiß e Hans Vermeer em Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) e de uma expansão do modelo de análise textual de relevância tradutória apresentado por Christiane Nord em Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), a presente tese de doutorado apresenta um novo modelo teórico para a execução da TRADUÇÃO RETROSPECTIVA, definida como a tradução a posteriori de um TP (texto precursor) ainda inédito na cultura-alvo que mantenha uma relação de influência e/ou precedência cronológica com um TS (texto sucessor) já traduzido anteriormente para a cultura-alvo, de maneira que a tradução de TP cause a impressão de ser anterior e/ou de ter influenciado a tradução de TS. A tradução retrospectiva tem por objetivo simular, na culturaalvo, a relação existente entre o original de TP e o original de TS na cultura-fonte através de uma inversão das relações de influência literária segundo os moldes propostos por Jorge Luis Borges no ensaio “Kafka y sus precursores”. Uma vez exposto o modelo teórico, o trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o volume O grande deus Pã, totalmente concebido em função de uma tradução retrospectiva do TP The Great God Pan, de Arthur Machen, feita com uma visada sobre o TS “The Dunwich Horror”, de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, traduzido anteriormente por mim.By building on the Skopos theory proposed by Katharina Reiß and Hans Vermeer in Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie (1984) and on an expansion of the model for text analysis in translation presented by Christiane Nord in Textanalyse und Übersetzen (1988), this doctoral dissertation introduces a new theoretical model for RETROSPECTIVE TRANSLATION, defined as an a posteriori translation of a PT (precursor text) still unpublished in the target culture which in turn maintains a relationship of influence and/or chronological precedence with an ST (successor text) previously translated in the target culture, so that the translation of PT may seem to have anticipated and/or influenced the translation of ST. The objective of a retrospective translation is to simulate, in the target culture, the existing relation between the original of PT and the original of ST in the source culture by promoting an inversion of traditional literary influence relations inspired by Jorge Luis Borges's essay “Kafka and his precursors”. Once the theoretical model is laid out, there follows a case study of the volume O grande deus Pã, entirely conceived around a retrospective translation of the PT The Great God Pan, by Arthur Machen, done with a backward glance toward the ST “The Dunwich Horror”, by Howard Phillips Lovecraft, previously translated by me.
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Brock, Johanna. "Traduire, un jeu d'enfants? : Les enjeux de la traduction en suédois d'un livre documentaire français pour enfants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89003.
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The aim of this essay is to identify and find solutions to some of the difficulties occurring when translating into Swedish a French non-fiction book for children. Solid research has already been done about translating children’s literature. However, these studies often focus on novels and picture books and rarely non-fiction books. The source text used as primary material for our translation and the essay is an extract from the non-fiction book Petites et grandes histoires des animaux disparus, written and illustrated by Damien Laverdunt and Hélène Rajcak and published in 2010 by the French publishing house Actes Sud. The book presents 27 extinct animals and the history about them and their extinction. Basing this essay on research about translating for children, we will begin with an analysis of the skopos – Reiss and Vermeer’s skopos theory about aim and function – of the source and target text, to be able to conceive the translation for our target reader and the socio-cultural and linguistic context in which the reader is living. Monica Reichenberg’s study about different versions of text-books, and their effect on a Swedish child reader’s comprehension including strategies to create a dynamic and intelligible text, will then help us to find the correct translation strategy for our target text. Finally, cultural references and their translation will be discussed considering Venuti’s studies about “domestication” and “foreignization” and Oittinen’s theories about children’s literature and “domestication”. During the essay, the translator’s choices and the motivations behind them will all be discussed taking into consideration the skopos and the linguistic and socio-cultural context of the target reader.
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Liubeckas, Linas. "Lietuvos valstybės skolos priežiūros mechanizmas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20061229_172932-32485.
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Tema pasirinkta todėl, kad ji nėra iki šiol plačiai nagrinėta. Valstybės skola yra vienas iš svarbiausių valstybės ekonominio gyvenimo dalių, todėl būtina tą skolą tinkamai prižiūrėti. Darbe priežiūra siejama su valdymu. Valstybės skolos valdymas patikėtas Finansų ministerijai. Ji turi daugiausia įgaliojimų. Tačiau nereikia užmiršti ir Seimo bei Vyriausybės. Kiekvienais metais skolos valdytojų ataskaitą įvertina ir Valstybės kontrolė. Valstybės skolinimasis prasideda nuo imamo kredito. Kreditas virsta valstybės skola. Darbe pateiktos valstybinio kredito bei valstybės skolos teorijos, išnagrinėta kiekviena valstybės skolinimosi rūšis, jos ypatumai bei teisinis reglamentavimas, skolos grąžinimas, sankcijos už pavėluotą ar negrąžintą skolą. Buvo remiamasi ir lietuvių, ir užsienio autorių darbais, įstatymais, Vyriausybės nutarimais, finansų ministro įsakymais bei kitais teisės aktais.This subject has been chosen because it has not been widely explored before. The State debt is one of the most important elements in the State’s economic life cycle and therefore it is necessary to supervise it properly. Supervision will be linked to the management in the work. State debt management is a function of the Ministry of Finance which has the main mandate. However, the Seimas (Parliament) and the Government should not be forgotten. Furthermore, every year the State Control evaluates debt managers’ report. State loan begins from the acquisition of the credit. Credit becomes the state debt. Presented theories include State credit and State debt, every kind of the State loan, its peculiarities and legal regulation, debt redemption and sanctions in case of late payments or unredeemed debt. It has been based on the works of both Lithuanian and foreign authors, laws, Government Resolutions, Minister of Finance orders and other legal acts. Foreign countries’ debt management practice has also been presented in the work. Summarized foreign countries’ practice and particular EU Member States experience of the debt management have been explored. Debt management theory offers recommendations which would allow debt to be managed effectively. Sweden and the United Kingdom with different from Lithuanian debt management model were chosen as a comparison for the more effective model. Based on the data from the Ministry of Finance, presented are State debt statistics for the... [to full text]
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Podolskytė, Greta. "Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolos vertinimas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140716_084124-07101.
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Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe yra analizuojami būdai ir metodai, kaip vertinti savivaldybės skolą bei įvertinama Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skola. Teorinėje dalyje analizuojama savivaldybės skola teoriniu aspektu: savivaldybės biudžeto ir skolos sampratos, savivaldybių skolinimosi tikslai ir limitai, savivaldybės skolos poveikis ekonomikai, skolos įvertinimo rodikliai ir metodai. Empirinėje dalyje įvertinama Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skola. Analizuojami 2009 - 2013 m. laikotarpio pagrindinių Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės finansinių bei miesto ekonominių rodiklių (savivaldybės pajamų, išlaidų, biudžeto deficito, skolos struktūros, taip pat miesto ekonominių, švietimo, socialinės apsaugos rodiklių) pokyčiai. Įvertinamas ekonomikos poveikis Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolai. Detaliam Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolos įvertinimui pagrindiniai rodikliai, padedantys įvertinti skolą, lyginami su kitomis savivaldybėmis. Nustatomos priemonės padėsiančios sumažinti Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolą.The final bachelor work analyzes the ways and methods of municipal debt assessment and assesses Siauliai city municipality debt. Theoretical part of the work analyzes theoretical aspects of municipality debt: budget of municipality and debt concept, goals and limits of municipality borrowing, economic impact of municipality debt, debt assessment indicators and methods. Empiric part assesses the debt of Siauliai municipality. Variations of main financial and economic indicators of Siauliai municipality (municipality incomes, costs, budget deficit, debt structure, also indicators of economic, education and social protection) are assessed from 2009 till 2013.Economy impact to Siauliai municipality debt are assessed. Main Siauliai municipality debt indicators are compared with debt indicators of other municipalities for in depth debt assessment. Means to reduce Siauliai municipality debt are determined.
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Fails, Simone S. G. C. "Algumas Teorias da Tradução e Suas Implicações na Tradução do Conto "Mammon and the Archer" de O. Henry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3871.
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This paper contains an overview of some of the main 20th Century tendencies in translation theory. It focus especially on matters of equivalence, dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, skopos, abusive fidelity and foreignizing translation or resistant translation and their implications for actual translations. This paper also includes translations prepared according to the principles of abusive fidelity, equivalence and dynamic equivalence, which are compared and commented.
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Kavoliūnas, Daumantas. "Lietuvos valstybės skolos valdymo teisinė analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080125_100529-12833.
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Valstybės skolos valdymas daro įtaką valstybės ekonomikai. Valstybės skolos valdymo santykiai yra plačiai reglamentuojami tiek Europos Sąjungos tiek ir Lietuvos valstybės institucijų priimtais teisės aktais. Juose nustatoma institucinė sistema, nurodomos subjektų teisės ir pareigos. Teisės aktuose taip pat formuojama skolos valdymo politika, detaliai išdėstomos skolinimosi procedūros.State debt management has direct impact on state’s economical situation. State debt management is widely regulated by European Union’s and Lithuania’s laws. In that laws there are established institutional system, subject’s rights and duties, policy of state debt management and borrowing procedures.
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Zumaraitė, Birutė. "Lietuvos skolos vertybinių popierių rinkos pokyčių tendencijos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20140626_161806-28619.
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Išsivysčiusiose šalyse vertybinių popierių rinka turi gilias vystimosi tradicijas ir bendroje finansų sistemoje vaidina svarbų vaidmenį. Būtent vertybinių popierių rinka sudaro sąlygas efektyviam finansinių lėšų pasiskirstymui tarp atskirų rinkos dalyvių. Svarbų vaidmenį kiekvienos šalies finansų sistemoje vaidina skolos vertybinių popierių rinka, ypatingai vyriausybės išleidžiami skolos vertybiniai popieriai, kurių dėka rinkoje efektyviau formuojamos kreditinės lėšos. Vyriausybės išleidžiamų skolos vertybinių popierių palūkanos yra pagrindinis rodiklis, lemiantis šalyje vyraujančias skolinimo ir skolinimosi palūkanų normas. Ūkio subjektas, išleisdamas skolos vertybinius popierius, gautas lėšas gali panaudoti turto apyvartumui didinti, apyvartinėms lėšoms finansuoti. Reikėtų paminėti tai, jog darbe bus analizuojami tik Lietuvos Vyriausybės bei įmonių skolos vertybiniai išleidžiami vidinei rinkai. Šių emitentų užsienyje leidžiami skolos vertybiniai popieriai reikalautų atskiros plačios analizės. Šio darbo objektas – skolos vertybinių popierių rinka Lietuvoje. jos pokyčiai bei tendencijos Lietuvoje nuo pirmųjų emisijų išleidimo iki 2006 m. pabaigos. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti Lietuvos skolos vertybinių popierių rinką, joje cirkuliuojančius skolos vertybinius popierius, išnagrinėti rinkos pokyčius nuo 1994 m., bei išvesti pagrindines tendencijas, vyraujančias skolos vertybinių popierių rinkoje. Norint įgyvendinti šiuos tikslus, iškelti tokie darbo uždaviniai: ... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Security market in economically strong countries has deep developing traditions and acts strong role in financial system. Debt securities market helps to allocate the financial recourses between separate institutions. Also the strong role in financial system plays debts securities market, especially government bonds that help to form the lending resources effectively. Interest rate of government bonds is the main point, which turns rates of lending and borrowing. The incomes, which are gained after issuing debt securities, can be used to increase working capital, or finance the current assets. This study is going to analyse debt securities issued by Lithuanian Government and companies, which are issued for domestic market. The debt securities that are issued for outside market can be the theme of the other study. The object of this study is Lithuania’s debt security market, their changes and tendencies since first emissions up to the year of 2006. The ambition of this study is to traverse debt securities market, securities circulating in it, analyse the market changes since 1994 to 2006 and make the main tendencies of debt securities market in Lithuania. To reach this ambition, these goals were set: Traverse debt securities market, it functions and place in Lithuania’s financial system. To mark the main types of bond, set the main methods of evaluating and determining the profitability of the bonds. To set the main characteristics of treasury bills... [to full text]
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Abrahamsson, Liselott. "Fristående skolor." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-618.
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Detta examensarbete handlar bl.a. om hur man kan gå tillväga om man vill starta en fristående skola. Arbetet tar också upp några olika inriktningar en friskola kan ha, (t.ex. Waldorf och Montessori) och beskriver lite av deras bakgrund och pedagogik. Eftersom friskolor idag är ett hett debatteringsämne i både tidningar och tv finns även ett avsnitt med där lite olika inslag i debatten finns representerade. I arbetet redovisas också den enkätundersökning jag gjort med syftet att ta reda på om det möjligtvis finns några skillnader mellan friskoleelever och elever i den kommunala skolan när det gäller deras syn på lärande, kunskap och skolan. De resultat jag kan utläsa av undersökningen pekar mot att friskoleleverna i den här undersökningen är positivare och mer nöjda med sin skola och personalen där än vad eleverna från de medverkande kommunala klasserna är.
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Lindström, Nilsson Maria. "Derformitetskirurgi i växande barns ryggar : En intervjustudie om föräldrars upplevelser." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177044.
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Introduction: Children in early age diagnosed with scoliosis and in need of surgery will grow up to undergo several operations in the back. Parents play a major role in the care of their children during hospitalization. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate parents´ experiences of having a child diagnosed with scoliosis before the age of five undergoing repeated surgeries in the back. Method: The study had a qualitative descriptive design. Five parents with children aged 5-15 years, who have undergone several operations were interviewed about there experiences of the child’s illness and treatment. Phenomenological-hermeneutical analyze where used. Results: The parents felt a sense of shock when they were told about their child’s diagnose and treatment. Continuity of personnel and clear information about there child’s illness and treatment has been considered important. The repeated operations and hospital stays have given them experience of their children’s reactions and needs, which has created a sense of calm with the parents Conclusion: Information and continuity were important component to make the parents feel included and confident. The experiences of the recurring operations provided some form of security as they recognized the child’s reactions as the same time the parents concern about the child relating to the operations will always be.Inledning: Barn som i tidig ålder får diagnos skolios och behöver opereras, kommer under uppväxten att genomgå flera operationer i ryggen. Föräldrarna har en stor roll vid vården av deras barn. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka föräldrars upplevelser av att ha ett barn som före fem års ålder diagnostiserats med skolios och genomgått upprepade operationer i ryggen. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ deskriptiv design. Fem föräldrar med barn i ålder 5-15 år som genomgått upprepade skoliosoperationer intervjuades om sina upplevelser av barnets sjukdom och behandling. Fenomenologisk-hermeneutisk analysmetod användes. Resultat: Föräldrarna upplevde en känsla av chock när de fick beskedet att deras barn hade skolios och behövde operera ryggen. Kontinuitet hos personalen och tydlig information om barnets sjukdom och behandling har upplevts viktig av föräldrarna. De upprepade operationerna och sjukhusvistelserna har gett föräldrarna erfarenheter om barnets reaktioner och behov under vårdtillfället vilket skapat en trygghet. Sina egna känslor av oro, rädsla och maktlöshet har de försökt att undanhålla barnet. Slutsats: Informationen och kontinuitet var viktiga komponenter för att föräldrarna skulle känna sig delaktiga och trygga. Erfarenheten av de upprepade operationerna gav trygghet då föräldrarna kände igen barnets reaktioner samtidigt som oron över barnet i samband med operationerna aldrig försvinner.
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Kemp, Christiaan Theodorus. "Skool." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6894.
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Jurgaitytė-Jurčienė, Vilma. "Įpėdinių atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas institutas: lyginamieji aspektai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20140627_180957-17903.
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Įpėdinių atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas institutas: lyginamieji aspektai Nepaisant paveldėjimo teisės problemų aktualumo bei socialinio jautrumo, paveldėjimo teisės problemos nėra populiari tema tarp teisės mokslininkų. Lietuvoje apskritai mažai kalbama šiuo klausimu, todėl lieka daug neaiškumų įpėdiniams, priimant palikimą ir atsakant už palikėjo skolas. Nors palikimo priėmimas imperatyviai reglamentuotas civilinės teisės normomis, teorinių ir praktinių neaiškumų paveldėjimo teisės normas taikant praktikoje pasitaiko dažnai. Šiam socialiai aktualiam teisės institutui trūksta aiškumo ir teisės normų detalumo, stokojama įvairiapusio teisės normų aiškinimo, taip pat pasigendama didesnio teisės mokslininkų dėmesio ir tyrinėjimo. Siekiant atskleisti įpėdinių atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas instituto ypatumus, šiuo magistro darbu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti, kokios būna įpėdinių atsakomybės sistemos užsienio šalyse, kokia įpėdinių atsakomybės sistema Lietuvoje. Todėl šiame darbe detaliai nagrinėjama, kokie yra palikimo priėmimo būdai ir jų sukeliamos teisinės pasekmės, kokios skolos yra paveldimos, ar įmanoma, siekiant išvengti atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas, atsisakyti arba nepriimti palikimo, kada ir kokiais atvejais palikimo priėmimas ir atsisakymas yra ribojamas įstatymų, ar mirusio asmenų kreditorių interesai gali būti apsaugomi ir kokiais būdais. Tam, kad suprasti, kokie Lietuvos paveldėjimo teisės normų privalumai ir trūkumai, šiame darbe lyginsime su analogiškomis kitų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The Institute of the Successors’ Liability for the Bequeather’s Debts: some Comparative Aspects Despite relevance and social sensitivity, succession law problems are not very popular subject among the law scientists. In general in Lithuania is very little spoken on this issue, so many uncertainties remain to the successors accepting the legacy and responsibility of bequeather’s debts. Although the acceptance of the succession is mandatory regulated by civil law, theoretical and practical uncertainties of succession law in this field are common. This socially relevant institute is lacking clarity and particularity of legal norms, the diverse interpretations of successions norms, as well as more interest and research among the law scientists. In order to reveal the specifics of the institute of successors’ liability for the bequeather’s debts, in this master’s work the main goal was to find out what are the successors’ liability systems in foreign countries and what is in Lithuania. Therefore, the research examines what are the methods of the acceptance of succession and their legal consequences, which debts are inheritable, is it possible to refuse the succession in order to avoid liability for bequeather’s debts, in which cases the refusal of succession is limited by law, what are the ways to protect the interests of creditors of the deceased person. In order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of Lithuanian succession law, in this research will be compared with... [to full text]
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Raudžiūtė, Vainora. "Biudžeto deficito ir valstybės skolos analizė 1990 - 2008 metais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_102834-56352.
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Finansų teisės magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali dėl dabartinės pasaulio valstybių ekonominės situacijos, nes susiduriama su finansiniais sunkumais, dėl kurių valstybės yra priverstos skolintis viduje ir užsienyje, tuo pačiu didėjant biudžeto deficitui. Kadangi Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos valstybių ekonomika dažnai vertinama bendrai kaip Baltijos regiono, šio darbo objektas – Baltijos valstybių biudžeto deficitas ir valstybės skola 1990 – 2008 m., kuris tiriamas turint tikslą atskleisti biudžeto deficito ir valstybės skolos atsiradimo, kitimo priežastis, jų tarpusavio santykį. Šiam tikslui pasiekti apžvelgiamas Baltijos valstybių biudžeto deficitas, valstybės skola analizuojamu laikotarpiu, nustatomos valstybių priemonės, darančios įtaką šių dviejų analizuojamų reiškinių atsiradimui, kitimui, bei kylantys padariniai vidutiniuoju bei ilguoju laikotarpiu. Darbe keliama hipotezė, kad pagrįstai Baltijos valstybių ekonomika vertinama bendrai kaip Baltijos regiono, analizuojant pagal biudžeto deficito ir valstybės skolos kriterijus. Išsikeltam tikslui pasiekti analizuojamos ekonomikos teorijos, tiriančios biudžeto deficitą, valstybės skolą, jų santykį, teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys biudžeto subalansuotumą, valstybės skolinimąsi, Baltijos valstybių konvergencijos programos, statistiniai šalių duomenys, Europos Sąjungos Komisijos, Tarybos rekomendacijos bei išvados. Atlikus šį tiriamąjį darbą, hipotezė, kad pagrįstai Baltijos valstybių ekonomika vertinama bendrai kaip... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The subject of Master‘s work in Financial Law is relevant because of the current global economic situation: because of the emerged financial difficulties countries are in need to borrow. However, budget deficit would also increase. The economy of Lithuania, Latvia an Estonia is commonly considered as the Baltic Region economy and the subject of this research is budget deficit and public debt of Baltic States‘ from 1990 to 2008. The main objective is to ascertain what causes budget deficit‘s and public debt‘s uprising, its‘ changing and the dependance between both of them. To reach the aforesaid objective we analyse facts about budget deficit and public debt in Baltic States. We also find the factors that influence its‘ uprising, changing and results in medium and long term. We bring forward the hypothesis that the economy of the three Baltic States is reasonably considered as the economy of the whole Baltic Region while analysing it in confirmity with the criterion of budget deficit and public debt. To reach the objectives we analyse the economical theories about budget deficit, public debt and relations between them; legal acts that regulate how to balance a budget, governments‘ borrowing policy; Baltic States‘ convergence program, statistics of these three countries; guidelines and conclusions of European Commission and Council. After accomplishing the research the hypothesis that the economy of the three Baltic States is reasonably considered as the economy of the whole... [to full text]
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Tarasiukaitė, Raimonda. "Vyriausybės ir savivaldybių skolos vertybiniai popieriai: teisinio reglamentavimo problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20110709_152333-32268.
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Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas VVP ir SVP išleidimas, kaip būdas į valstybės ir savivaldybių biudžetus pritraukti piniginių lėšų, kurias būtų galima naudoti visuomenei svarbiems uždaviniams įgyvendinti. Kadangi skolos vertybinius popierius leidžia ir privatūs subjektai, šiame darbe yra aptariamos viešosios valdžios subjektų leidžiamų skolos vertybinių popierių ypatybės. Skolinimasis išleidžiant VVP ir SVP yra sudėtingas reiškinys, susidedantis iš atskirų etapų, kuriuose dalyvauja skirtingi subjektai, turintys tik jiems būdingas teises ir pareigas. Kadangi svarbiausi subjektai, be abejo, šiame procese yra VVP ir SVP išleidžiantys subjektai bei investuotojai, daugiausia dėmesio šiame darbe yra skiriama jų tarpusavio santykių analizei ir reglamentavimui, siekiant išsiaiškinti pagrindines problemas, kurios jiems gali kilti, nes kuo daugiau spragų ir problemų pasitaiko jų reglamentavime, tuo labiau šie subjektai bus linkę naudotis kitu skolinimosi būdu.There is considering the emission of government and municipal bonds as a way draw up assets for budget of state and municipality. This assets will be used for socially essential tasks. Because private persons issue debt securities too, in this work will be discuss caracteristics of debt securities issued by public government. Borrowing on the way of debt securities is a complicated phenomenon consisted of different stages in these are attending different subjects possessed only them typical rights and duties. The most attention is giving for analysis of relationship of issuers of government and municipal securities and investors and for the regulation of their relationship, because they are basic subjects in this process. In this work is trying to explore basic problems able arising for these subjects, because the more lacuna and problems are in their regulation the more these subjects will be used other borrowing way.
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Lindahl, Fredrik, and Beatrise Holm. "Konkurrens inom skolväsendet. : En studie om lärares åsikter om konkurrens mellan skolor och konkurrensens påverkan på deras arbete." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-62819.
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Denna studie baseras på en undersökning om konkurrens mellan skolor. Skolan är ständigt aktuell och något som engagerar de flesta. Syftet med denna studie är att söka förståelse för åsikterna hos ett antal lärare i Sverige rörande skolkonkurren och dess eventuella påverkan på dem i deras arbete. Studien grundar sig på en kvalitativ studie bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex stycken verksamma lärare från både fristående och kommunala skolor. Resultatet presenteras utifrån frågeställningen där vi besvarat frågorna i ordning. Undersökningen visar att samtliga lärare inom både de kommunala och de fristående skolorna överlag är negativa till dagens konkurrenssituation, men trots detta finns det några faktorer som lyfts upp som positiva. Samtliga lärare var eniga om att konkurrensen påverkar dem i deras arbete. Några stora skillnader gällande åsikter mellan fristående och kommunal verksamhet har vi inte funnit.
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Hubert, Johannes. "Blaue Bäume unter grünem Himmel?" Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-143442.
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Die Arbeit prüft, inwieweit die Übersetzungstheorien von Otto Kade et al., Werner Koller und die Skopostheorie das Problem der kulturgebundenen Farbwortvielfalt bei der Übersetzung zu lösen versuchen. Im ersten Teil wird hierfür der Grundstein gelegt, indem interdisziplinäres Wissen auf die Bildung von Farbbezeichnungen, ihrer Herkunft und ihrer biologischen und physikalischen Grundsätze angewendet wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch die Sapir-Whorf-Hypothese diskutiert. Die Etymologie bestehender Farbbezeichnungen verschiedenster Sprachen bildet dabei das Zentrum, sowohl für die Erklärung der Farbwahrnehmung und die Kulturgebundenheit ihrer Bezeichnungen als auch der Neuschöpfung von Farbbezeichnungen in den Übersetzungssituationen. Anhand fiktiver Übersetzungssituationen aus dem Alltag wird der Übersetzungsprozess für jede Übersetzungstheorie simuliert und aus ihrer Sicht verfolgt. Im Abschluss werden die Ergebnisse gegenübergestellt und diskutiert.
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Kerpeten, Hulya. "Güleninspirerade skolor i Skandinavien : Gülenrörelsen och dess skolor runt om i världen." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3780.
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Akpinar, Madeleine, and Meggi Gökmen. "Olika skolor- Lika möjligheter?" Thesis, Stockholm University, The Stockholm Institute of Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7864.
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Vår uppsats handlar om hur en invandrartät och icke invandrartät skola arbetar för att förbättra elevernas skolprestationer vad gäller betygen. Då den ena skolan är invandrartät utgör svenska2 och modersmålsundervisningen grunden för deras kunskapsinhämtande. Eftersom denna skola har en hög andel invandrarelever får de också tillägg till grundpengen vilket ger dem större frihet att fördela resurserna inom verksamheten. Den andra skolan, som har få invandrarelever, får däremot inget tillägg till grundpengen trots att även de har elever som är i behov av stöd. Där får skolledningen istället försöka fördela resurserna på bästa vis. Metoden vi använde oss utav var kvantitativ då vi hämtade statistik genom Statistiska Centralbyrån och Skolverket. Den kvantitativa informationen från statistiken har vi tolkat genom intervjuer med rektorer på vardera skolan samt ställt kompletterande frågor till utbildningskontoret i den ena kommunen. Frågorna till utbildningskontoret behövdes för att förklara lite mer detaljerat hur de delar ut resurser till skolorna i den icke invandrartäta kommunen då detta inte kunde besvaras av skolledningen. Dessa intervjuer utgjorde den kvalitativa metoddelen i arbetet. Det vi kom fram till var att skolorna har olika slags problematik att ta itu med och tillvägagångssättet därmed blir annorlunda. Rektorerna på de två skolorna gör allt som står i deras makt för att kunna erbjuda eleverna en så god skolgång som möjligt efter de resurser som de har att fördela.