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1

Lindve, Katarina. "Syfte som karta och kompass under loopande översättning : En undersökning av skopos betydelse när en källtext översätts parallellt med två olika skopoi." Thesis, Stockholm University, The Institute for Interpretation and Translation Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42249.

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För att se hur olika skopoi påverkar en översättning översattes en källtext parallellt med vardera sitt specifika skopos. En facktext om vikingarna i Irland på 800-talet översattes dels för publicering i en fackbok, dels för publicering i en populärvetenskaplig tidskrift. För att analysera översättningsprocessen under de två översättningarna registrerades det som Christiane Nord (2005) kallar loopar, återkopplingar under översättningsprocessen när ny kunskap kräver en omformulering av strategin. I en egen metodutveckling av Nords modell registrerades och kategoriserades looparna. Den kvantitativa studien visar att klart flest loopar inträffar i inlednings- och avslutningsskedet av översättningen, oavsett skopos. Antalet loopar för ett skopos som går ut på att producera en nära översättning av denna vetenskapliga text, med dess specifika genremarkörer, är högre än antalet loopar vid produktionen av en kraftigt omarbetad populärvetenskaplig översättning. Den kvalitativa studien visar att kulturspecifika kategorier orsakar flest loopar och ofta kräver individuella strategier.


The Skopos theory, as formulated by Vermeer (1984), stresses that all translations have a purpose to fulfil. However, how this purpose is fulfilled depends on the strategy used by the translator. In order to see the effect of two different purposes for one and the same text, a study, conducted as two parallel annotated translations, was carried out on a scientific text about Vikings in Ireland. Nord‟s (2005) term and understanding of „translation loop‟ was used in order to pinpoint when and how often the different skopoi made it necessary to stop, make a loop, and adjust the translation strategy. The quantitative study shows a pattern where most loops occur at the start and at the end of the translation. The qualitative study of the translation loops shows that cultural aspects originate most loops, and they often demand individual strategies.

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2

Green, Benjamin Stephen. "A skopos-based analysis of Breytenbach’s Titus Andronicus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20107.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Breyten Breytenbach's Afrikaans translation of William Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus is a little known member of the corpus of Afrikaans Shakespeare plays. Published without annotations in South Africa in 1970 and performed in Cape Town in the same year, it has never been performed again and the text has attracted no academic review or led to any subsequent editions. However, situated in 1970 in the heyday of the Apartheid regime, the play's production broke attendance records in Cape Town and was accompanied by substantial public controversy. In this thesis, the author analyses Breytenbach's translation in order to determine whether the translator had an ideological agenda in performing the translation. The analysis is based on a preliminary discussion of culture and ideology in translation, and then uses the Skopostheorie methodology of Hans J. Vermeer (as developed by Christiane Nord) to assess the translation situation and the target text. The target text has been analysed on both a socio-political and microstructural level. The summary outcome of the analysis is that the translator may possibly have tried to promote an anti-Apartheid ideology by translating the play. The outcome is based on several contextual factors such as the socio-political situation in South Africa in which the translated play was published and performed, the translator's stated opposition to the Apartheid system, the choice of Titus Andronicus for translation and production, and to a lesser extent the level of public controversy that accompanied the target text's production in the theatre.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Breyten Breytenbach se Afrikaanse vertaling van William Shakespeare se Titus Andronicus is 'n min bekende eksemplaar van die versameling Shakespeare toneelstukke in Afrikaans. Dit is sonder enige annotasies in 1970 in Suid-Afrika uitgegee, en is dieselfde jaar in Kaapstad opgevoer. Sedertdien is dit nooit weer opgevoer nie, en die teks het geen akademiese kritiek ontlok nie. Die teks is ook nooit weer herdruk nie. Maar in 1970, tydens die toppunt van die Apartheidregime, het hierdie toneelstuk se opvoering bywoningsrekords oortref en dit is deur aansienlike openbare omstredenheid gekenmerk. In dié tesis ontleed die skrywer Breytenbach se vertaling om te bepaal of die vertaler 'n ideologiese agenda in die vertaling van die toneelstuk gehad het. Die ontleding word op 'n voorlopige bespreking van kultuur en ideologie in die vertaalproses gegrond, en maak dan gebruik van die Skopostheorie van Hans J. Vermeer (soos verwerk deur Christiane Nord) om die omstandighede ten tyde van die vertaalproses sowel as die doelteks self te ontleed. Die doelteks is op sowel sosiaalpolitiese as mikrostrukturele vlak ontleed. Die samevattende uitkoms van die ontleding is dat die vertaler moontlik 'n anti-Apartheid ideologie probeer bevorder het deur hierdie toneelstuk te vertaal. Hierdie uitkoms is gegrond op verskeie samehangende faktore, soos die sosiaalpolitiese omstandighede in Suid-Afrika waarin die toneelstuk uitgegee en opgevoer is, die vertaler se vermelde teenkanting teen die Apartheidstelsel, die keuse van Titus Andronicus vir vertaling en opvoering, en tot 'n mindere mate die vlak van openbare omstredenheid wat gepaard gegaan het met die doelteks se opvoering in die teater.
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3

Norberg, Ulf. "Übersetzen mit doppeltem Skopos : Eine empirische Prozess- und Produktstudie." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of German, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3382.

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The purpose of this experimental study is to examine the translation processes and the resulting translations of eight translators performing translation tasks from German into Swedish. The data about the translation processes were collected with the think-aloud technique, i.e. the translators were asked to verbalize as much of their thinking as possible while translating. The translators – four of whom had long working experience and the others substantially shorter experience – were asked to translate the same source text (a news item) for two different fictitious audiences: first for a morning newspaper and then for a children’s magazine.

With regards to the translation process, the results showed that the two categories of translators did not differ considerably from each other, neither in their dictionary use, nor in their overall accomplishment of the translation tasks. However, they did differ in their attitude. The less experienced translators were more involved in the process, which also led to quality improvements. At the same time, individual differences were substantial regarding all of the criteria examined.

The resulting translations (the products) were evaluated both by the researcher and by journalists from the newspapers or magazines in which the texts, according to the briefs, were to be published. The results showed small differences in text quality for the two categories of translators. According to the journalists, the less experienced translators even produced slightly better texts for the morning paper.

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4

Norberg, Ulf. "Übersetzen mit doppeltem Skopos : eine empirische Prozess- und Produktstudie /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3382.

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5

Cheung, Andrew. "Functional and foreignisation : applying skopos theory to bible translation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3547/.

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This thesis considers the practice of Bible translation from the perspective of contemporary translation studies and provides a fresh translation and accompanying commentary of aspects of Paul's Letter to the Romans. The emergence of functionalism, particularly skopos theory, in the latter part of the 20th century is seen as a key moment in the development of translation theory. The thesis argues that it has significant advantages over source text orientated approaches which have traditionally dominated Bible translation practice. An essential history documents this evolution of theoretical developments in translation study. The advantages of skopos theory over equivalence-based approaches are discussed with particular reference to Bible translation theory and the work of E. A. Nida. The functionalist approach increases the range of possible translations, with this thesis adopting a foreignising purpose in a new translation of Romans 1:1-15, 15:14-16:27. The foreignising approach owes its origins to F. Schleiermacher (popularised more recently by L. Venuti among others) and involves rendering a text so as to preserve or heighten the sense of otherness of the source text, thereby retaining something of the foreignness of the original. An accompanying commentary is provided to explain the translator's choices.
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6

Žadauskienė, Inga. "Valstybės skolos naštos vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120613_135200-68386.

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Tyrimo objektas – skolos našta. Darbo tikslas – parengti metodiką ir įvertinti skolos naštą. Uždaviniai: 1. atskleisti valstybės skolos esmę, klasifikavimą bei skolinimosi tikslus; 2. išanalizuoti teigiamą ir neigiamą skolos poveikį ekonomikai; 3. nustatyti kokiais santykiniais rodikliais bei metodais vertinama skolos našta; 4. parengti skolos naštos įvertinimo metodiką; 5. įvertinti Lietuvos skolos naštą ir palyginti su kitomis Baltijos šalimis. Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizės ir sintezės metodas, matematinio modeliavimo ir apibendrinimo metodai, statistinių rodiklių rinkimo, palyginimo ir grafinio vaizdavimo būdai. Lietuvos valstybės skolos naštos įvertinimas atliktas 2001–2011 m. laikotarpiu. Tyrimo rezultatai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje atskleidus valstybės skolos esmę, sudėties svarbą, bei skolinimosi tikslus, nustatytas teorinis valstybės skolos poveikis ekonomikai. Antroje darbo dalyje, išanalizavus įvairių mokslininkų darbus, pateikti skolos naštos įvertinimo modeliai, išskiriami skolos naštos įvertinimo rodikliai, parengta skolos naštos įvertinimo metodika. Trečioje darbo dalyje, pagal siūlomą skolos naštos įvertinimo metodiką, įvertinta Lietuvos skolos našta, gauti rezultatai palyginami su kitomis Baltijos šalimis, nustatytos rezultatų priežastys. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuvos ir Latvijos didėjanti valstybės skola jau tapo neigiamai ekonomiką veikiančiu makroekonominiu rodikliu, kuris rodo, kad valstybės skola tampa našta ateities kartoms... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Object of the research – debt burden. Aim of the research – to prepare methods and to assess the debt burden. Objectives: 1. to reveal the essence of the public debt, classification and goals of borrowing; 2. to analyze the positive and negative effects of debt on the economy; 3. to determine the indicators and methods to be used in evaluating the debt burden; 4. to prepare methods for the debt burden assessment; 5. to assess the debt burden of Lithuania, to compare it with that of other Baltic countries. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, mathematical modeling, aggregation, statistical data collection, comparison, visualization techniques. The evaluation of Lithuanian public debt burden was carried out during the period of 2001-2011. Research results. The first part reveals the essence of the public debt, the importance of its composition and borrowing targets, determines the theoretical impact on the economy. The second part analyzes the models of the debt burden, distinguishes the figures of debt burden, prepares methodology the debt burden. The third part employs the methology of the debt burden of Lithuanian debt for future generations, compares the results obtained with those of the other Baltic countries, establishes reasons of results. The results show that growing national debt of Lithuania and Latvia has become a negative macro-economical indicator, which shows that public debt would be a burden for future generations. Lithuanian... [to full text]
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7

Barrsäter, Patrik, and Alice Roxendal. "En berättande skolas möjligheter." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för kultur, språk och medier (KSM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45646.

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Denna kunskapsöversikt har som syfte att belysa vilka effekter berättande arbetsmetoder kanha på elever i grundskolan. Utifrån frågeställningen “Vad säger forskning om hur berättande arbetsmetoder i skolan kan verka språkligt, kunskapsmässigt och socialt utvecklande för yngreelever?” har vi letat efter forskningsresultat i vetenskapliga tidskrifter och andra källor genom systematiska sökningar. En tematisk analys med utgångspunkt i grounded theory har gjorts påresultaten av en mängd litteratursökningar, där tio texter, åtta artiklar och två avhandlingar, som berör berättande har valts ut. Den tematiska analysen visade intressanta resultat inom yngre elevers utveckling av vokabulär, literacy, sociala kompetenser, kritiskt tänkande samt deras intresse och engagemang för undervisningen. Resultatet visar bland annat att berättande ger ett sammanhang vid inlärning av ord, att elever kan lära sig att relatera till andra genom attanvända berättande samt att berättande och berättelser kan användas för att få igång kritiskt tänkande genom förståelse och diskussioner efter en berättarstund. Utifrån vår resultatgenomgång och diskussion kan vi dra slutsatsen att berättande arbetsmetoder har positiv inverkan inom flera områden, som literacy och social utveckling, samt har stora möjligheter att vara ett bra verktyg i lärarens arsenal.
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8

Annani, Stella. "Traduire sans trop trahir. : Traduire un texte théorique sur la traduction avec la cohésion principale comme stratégie principale de traduction." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57873.

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Translating without betraying. Translating a theoretical text about translation, using the strengthening of cohesive links as the principal strategy of translation.   The aim of this study was to examine some aspects of the translation of a theoretical text on translation, written in French. In order to do that I started off by translating a passage of the book Introduction à la traductologie. Penser la traduction: hier, aujourd’hui, demain by Mathieu Guidère (2010). The book is intended for students and others interested in translation and translation studies. The theoretical framework of this study makes references to, among others, Blum-Kulka (1986) and to Vermeer (2012) and the skopos theory. As Guidère has a pedagogical aim with his book, it is particularly relevant to pay a special attention to the function of the text while translating. In several cases the source text proved to be both ambiguous and unclear. The skopos theory claims that the function of the target text should be at the center of the translator’s interest. The fact that the translation process requires an interpretation by the translator in the mediation of the message to be transmitted brings, according to Blum-Kulka (1986), about a text that is more redundant than the source text. This redundancy results in a higher level of cohesive explicitness that strengthens the textual cohesion. For this, Blum-Kulka (ibid) suggests that explicitness and greater cohesion can be seen as forming a general strategy in translation. To achieve a greater level of cohesion in the target text and to make it easier to read, I used some translation procedures, namely explicitness, simplification, reference and lexical cohesion (cf. Blum-Kulka 1986, Mauranen & Kujamäki 2004 and Halliday & Hassan 1976). I hope to have shown that these procedures were appropriate for the translation of this source text but also for the function of the target text. At the same time it turned out that these categories were in no way waterproof – on the contrary – many times they actually overlapped. I also found passages where textual coherence could not be achieved through translation strategies. In those cases, the translator faces the choice of either transmitting the inconsistency of the source text by translating them, or leaving the field of translation and rewriting the text. I opted for staying in the field of translation. The analysis of my own translation is of course a translation commentary rather than a scientific research. To really conduct a thorough research on translation procedures related to the function of the target text, you would have to analyze texts from other translators in order to have a more objective study object.
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9

Pisacane, Claudia. "Skopos Theory La figura del traduttore come decoder e re-encoder." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8926/.

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La Skopos Theory è una teoria introdotta nel mondo della traduzione dal linguista tedesco Hans Joseph Vermeer. Skopos è una parola di derivazione greca che significa “fine” o “scopo”. La teoria elaborata da Vermeer si basa sull’idea che ogni testo abbia uno skopos che determina i metodi e le strategie secondo le quali esso debba essere tradotto. Oltre alla Skopos Theory, che sarà la base della tesi, i testi a seguire verranno analizzati seguendo altri autori, quali Mona Baker e Laurence Venuti, che si rifanno all’idea di skopos e analizzano molto dettagliatamente la figura del traduttore come de-coder e re-encoder del testo.
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Kaya, Johannes. "Mobbning : En skolas förebyggande arbete." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4643.

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11

Carlsson, Tomas. "O färdighet : skolan skola skolas." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-89264.

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Hur ritar man en bra skola? Rolig, stimulerande, trivsam och trygg. Frisinnad nog att delta i skolans process av ofärdighet i idog strävan mot ständigt nya färdigheter. Som utvecklas hand i hand med eleven, läraren och pedagogiken.
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Liubeckas, Linas. "Lietuvos valstybės skolos priežiūros mechanizmas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20061229_172932-32485.

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Tema pasirinkta todėl, kad ji nėra iki šiol plačiai nagrinėta. Valstybės skola yra vienas iš svarbiausių valstybės ekonominio gyvenimo dalių, todėl būtina tą skolą tinkamai prižiūrėti. Darbe priežiūra siejama su valdymu. Valstybės skolos valdymas patikėtas Finansų ministerijai. Ji turi daugiausia įgaliojimų. Tačiau nereikia užmiršti ir Seimo bei Vyriausybės. Kiekvienais metais skolos valdytojų ataskaitą įvertina ir Valstybės kontrolė. Valstybės skolinimasis prasideda nuo imamo kredito. Kreditas virsta valstybės skola. Darbe pateiktos valstybinio kredito bei valstybės skolos teorijos, išnagrinėta kiekviena valstybės skolinimosi rūšis, jos ypatumai bei teisinis reglamentavimas, skolos grąžinimas, sankcijos už pavėluotą ar negrąžintą skolą. Buvo remiamasi ir lietuvių, ir užsienio autorių darbais, įstatymais, Vyriausybės nutarimais, finansų ministro įsakymais bei kitais teisės aktais.
This subject has been chosen because it has not been widely explored before. The State debt is one of the most important elements in the State’s economic life cycle and therefore it is necessary to supervise it properly. Supervision will be linked to the management in the work. State debt management is a function of the Ministry of Finance which has the main mandate. However, the Seimas (Parliament) and the Government should not be forgotten. Furthermore, every year the State Control evaluates debt managers’ report. State loan begins from the acquisition of the credit. Credit becomes the state debt. Presented theories include State credit and State debt, every kind of the State loan, its peculiarities and legal regulation, debt redemption and sanctions in case of late payments or unredeemed debt. It has been based on the works of both Lithuanian and foreign authors, laws, Government Resolutions, Minister of Finance orders and other legal acts. Foreign countries’ debt management practice has also been presented in the work. Summarized foreign countries’ practice and particular EU Member States experience of the debt management have been explored. Debt management theory offers recommendations which would allow debt to be managed effectively. Sweden and the United Kingdom with different from Lithuanian debt management model were chosen as a comparison for the more effective model. Based on the data from the Ministry of Finance, presented are State debt statistics for the... [to full text]
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Viburytė, Skaistė. "Įpėdinių atsakomybė už palikėjo skolas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20110709_152325-43419.

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Lietuvoje viena iš probleminių paveldėjimo teisės sričių yra įpėdinių atsakomybė už palikėjo skolas. Šiam teisiniam institutui vis dar skiriama nepakankamai dėmesio. Trūksta literatūros, kuri būtų prieinama bet kuriam visuomenės nariui, susidūrusiam su paveldėjimo neigiamomis pasekmėmis ar siekiančiam jų išvengti. Daugelis vis dar linkę manyti, jog priimant palikimą, prisiimamas tik jį sudarantis aktyvas. Tačiau situacija yra kitokia – tenka įvykdyti ir palikėjo turėtus skolinius įsipareigojimus, kadangi Lietuvoje, kaip ir kitose šiame darbe nagrinėtose kontinentinės teisės tradicijos valstybėse, pripažįstama neribota įpėdinių atsakomybė, kuri tam tikrais būdais gali būti apribojama tikrąja palikimo verte. Žmonės mažai yra girdėję ir apie galimybę apriboti savo atsakomybę už velionio skolas sudarant palikimo apyrašą. Tai kelia nerimą, nes tokia teisinė priemonė mūsų Civiliniame kodekse buvo įtvirtinta dar 2001 metais. Praėjo aštuoneri metai, o išsamių teisinių darbų šia tema nėra. Šis palikimo priėmimo būdas vis dar stokoja teisės mokslininkų ir praktikų dėmesio. Taip pat nėra jokių teisės aktų, detalizuojančių palikimo apyrašo turinį, nurodančių, kur suinteresuoti asmenys gali susipažinti su jau parengtu tokiu dokumentu ir pan. Įstatymų leidėjui reikėtų imtis veiksmų ne tik šioje srityje. Turėtų būti daugiau dėmesio skiriama ir palikimo priėmimui pradėjus faktiškai valdyti palikimą sudarantį turtą. Tai daugiausiai praktinių problemų keliantis palikimo priėmimo būdas. Pagal... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Heir’s responsibility for debts of the succession is in Lithuania one of the most problematical sphere of the inheritance law. It takes still not enough notice of this law’s institute. It lacks literature, which is approachable for any member of the society, who comes across negative effects of inheritance or who wants escape them. Many people think, that when they accept a succession, they accept just assets. But situation is different – they are obliged to pay the debts of the succession too, because Lithuania like and other in this work analyzed continental law countries, recognizes unlimited heir’s responsibility, which can be limit to the extent of the value of the property of the succession. The people know little about the possibility to limit their responsibility for the devisor’s debts when they make an inventory. It’s not good, because a law’s measure like this was brought in our Civil Code in 2001. It passed eight jears, but today we still don’t have exhaustive works on this theme. This method of the succession acceptance still lacks of consideration of the law scientists and practitioners. We don’t have laws, which detail content of the inventory and explain where the inventory may be consulted by persons concerned too. The legislator must do something not just in this law’s sphere. He must take more notice of the acceptance of succession, when the heir takes possession in fact of the property of the succession too. The possession in fact of the property of the... [to full text]
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Podolskytė, Greta. "Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolos vertinimas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140716_084124-07101.

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Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe yra analizuojami būdai ir metodai, kaip vertinti savivaldybės skolą bei įvertinama Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skola. Teorinėje dalyje analizuojama savivaldybės skola teoriniu aspektu: savivaldybės biudžeto ir skolos sampratos, savivaldybių skolinimosi tikslai ir limitai, savivaldybės skolos poveikis ekonomikai, skolos įvertinimo rodikliai ir metodai. Empirinėje dalyje įvertinama Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skola. Analizuojami 2009 - 2013 m. laikotarpio pagrindinių Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės finansinių bei miesto ekonominių rodiklių (savivaldybės pajamų, išlaidų, biudžeto deficito, skolos struktūros, taip pat miesto ekonominių, švietimo, socialinės apsaugos rodiklių) pokyčiai. Įvertinamas ekonomikos poveikis Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolai. Detaliam Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolos įvertinimui pagrindiniai rodikliai, padedantys įvertinti skolą, lyginami su kitomis savivaldybėmis. Nustatomos priemonės padėsiančios sumažinti Šiaulių miesto savivaldybės skolą.
The final bachelor work analyzes the ways and methods of municipal debt assessment and assesses Siauliai city municipality debt. Theoretical part of the work analyzes theoretical aspects of municipality debt: budget of municipality and debt concept, goals and limits of municipality borrowing, economic impact of municipality debt, debt assessment indicators and methods. Empiric part assesses the debt of Siauliai municipality. Variations of main financial and economic indicators of Siauliai municipality (municipality incomes, costs, budget deficit, debt structure, also indicators of economic, education and social protection) are assessed from 2009 till 2013.Economy impact to Siauliai municipality debt are assessed. Main Siauliai municipality debt indicators are compared with debt indicators of other municipalities for in depth debt assessment. Means to reduce Siauliai municipality debt are determined.
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Tassy, Martine. "L'émergence d'une littérature écrite dans une culture de tradition orale : analyse ethnologique des rapports entre langue et identité culturelle chez les Rom de Skopje." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX10035.

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La culture tsigane est une culture de tradition orale, divisee en de nombreux groupes possedant chacun ses propres particularites et son propre dialcte. Parmi eux, certains ont developpe une litterature ecrite de langue tsigane, essentiellement de la poesie et du theatre. C'est le cas de la communaute tsigane de la ville de skopje en macedoine ou depuis la fin des annees 40 ont ete publies et mis en scene de nombreux textes. L'emergence d'une litterature tsigane dans cette region, s'explique par un ensemble de facteurs complementaires : une sedentarite seculaire, l'acces a la scolarisation, l'exemple de la revendication identitaire macedonienne, la reconnaissance de la "nationalite" tsigane et la creation en 1991 du premier parti politique rom. A cet ensemble de conditions propres a la macedoine, s'ajoutent la reconnaissance officielle par l'onu en 1971 d'un peuple "rom", la decouverte par un nombre grandissant de rom de l'origine indienne de leur peuple et la multiplicatioin de congres internationaux sur la culture et la langue tsiganes, propres a renforcer le sentiment d'appartenance communautaire. L'emergence de l'ecriture marque donc une etape importante dans l'affirmation de l'identite tsigane ; elle apparait comme le lien fondamental entre tradition et modernite qui permet aux rom de s'adapter au monde non-tsigane dominant sans renoncer a leur specificite. Loin d'avoir denature l'originalite de la culture et de la langue tsiganes, l'ecriture est donc venue raviver l'interet pour des pratiques et des traditions orales menacees de dispartion par la participation grandissante a la vie de la societe non-tsigane
Gypsy culture is a culture of oral tradition, divided in several groups owing their own pecularities and dialect. Among them, some developed a gypsy written litterature, essentially poetry and theater. It's the case for the gypsy community of skopje in madedonia where since end of the 40 years a lot of texts were published and played. Emergency of gypsy litterature in this area can be explained by some claiming for identity, recognition of one gypsy "nationality" and creation in 1991 of the first gypsy political group. To this group of conditions proper to macedonia, we can add official recognition by onu in 1971 of "rom" nation, discovery by more gypsies of their indian origin and multiplication of international congresses about gypsy culture and language proper to reinforce the feeling of communautary belonging. Emergency of writting represents an important stage in gypsy identity statement. It appears as a fundamental tie between tradition and modernity what permeets to gypsies to adapt to the dominant non gypsy world without renouncing to their specifications. Far from having denaturated originality of gypsy culture and language, writting revived interest for practices and oral traditions menaced of disappearing by growing participation to the non-gypsy society
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16

Gartner, Bernd. "True words are not beautiful : foreignising Ah Q to fulfil the skopos." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4291.

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Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is an analysis of The True Story of Ah Q in English translation (in Chinese-English bilingual format). By applying new translation theories, specifically those of Christiane Nord and Lawrence Venuti, and by demonstrating their applicability it is hoped that this research project will contribute to these theories becoming more accepted in China. The skopos theory and the concepts domestication and foreignisation are the main translation theories utilised in this thesis. The research was begun with the hypothesis that the translators domesticated the English target text, based on Venuti’s belief that the majority of English translations domesticate the original. The two main research questions are: What is the dominant translation strategy utilised by the translators? Does this strategy fulfil the skopos (i.e. the aims of the translation)? The research will also give suggestions for an improved translation and a more effective translation strategy in light of the skopos. In addition, the study will determine whether the bilingual format is suited for the fulfilment of the current skopos. As pointed out in the publisher’s note, this Chinese-English bilingual version of The True Story of Ah Q is intended to exhibit this modern Chinese classic as a great piece of Chinese literature. The primary aim of the translation is to give readers a real experience of the depth and the heights of Chinese culture. The secondary aims of the translation focus on language learning as well as the function for translators (namely to use this translation as an example for future translations). This research project will determine if the translation has fulfilled these aims. The translation theories on which the analyses in this thesis are based are presented in the literature study (chapter 2). This provides the foundation for the comparison between the Chinese ST and the English TT, the evaluation of the translation, and subsequent conclusions. Chapters 3 and 4 present the application of the theory, divided into an analysis of the macro and microstructures respectively. Translation decisions are analysed on these two levels within the theoretical insights presented in chapter 2. It will be these chapters that provide the foundation for the research findings of this thesis. In cases where improvements of the translation are proposed, suggestions will be made and motivated by theoretical insights. The final chapter (chapter 5) will answer the research questions in detail, based on the individual analyses made in chapters 3 and 4 and motivate these answers based mainly on the translation theories of Nord and Venuti. These answers as well as the suggestions for an improved translation are the main contributions that this thesis makes to translation studies. Lastly, suggestions for further research are made in order to stimulate further research on English translations produced in China.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die Engelse vertaling van The true story of Ah Q geanaliseer. Met die studie word daar onder meer gepoog om, deur die toepassing van nuwe vertaalteorieë soos dié van Christiane Nord en Lawrence Venuti, en deur die illustrasie van die teorieë se toepasbaarheid, daartoe by te dra dat dié teorieë meer in China aanvaar word. Die skoposteorie en die konsepte domestikering (‘domestication’) en vervreemding (‘foreignisation’) verteenwoordig die vernaamste vertaalteorieë waarop hierdie tesis berus. Ter aanvang van die studie word die hipotese gestel dat die vertalers ’n domestikerende inslag aan die Engelse teks gegee het. Dit word gebaseer op die mening van Venuti wat glo dat die meerderheid Engelse vertalings ’n domestikerende weergawe van die oorspronklike teks verteenwoordig. Die twee primêre probleemstellings wat in hierdie studie gestel word, lui soos volg: Wat is die dominante vertaalstrategie wat deur die vertalers aangewend word? Vervul hierdie strategie die skopos (met ander woorde die doelstellings van die vertaling)? Die studie doen voorts ook voorstelle vir ’n verbeterde vertaling aan die hand en stel ook ’n meer effektiewe vertaalstrategie op grond van die skopos voor. Verder stel die studie ook vas of die tweetalige format inderdaad gepas is om die bestaande skopos te verwesenlik. Volgens die nota van die uitgewer, is die doel van hierdie Chinees-Engelse weergawe van The true story of Ah Q om dié moderne Chinese klassieke werk as ’n belangrike Chinese literêre teks daar te stel. Die primêre doelstelling van die vertaling is om lesers ’n ware ervaring te gee van die omvattendheid van die Chinese kultuur. Die sekondêre doelstellings van die vertaling fokus op die aanleer van taal, sowel as op die pragmatiese waarde daarvan vir vertalers (naamlik om die vertaling as voorbeeld te neem vir toekomstige vertalings). Hierdie ondersoek sal bepaal of die vertaling wel hierde doelstellings vervul het. Die vertaalteorieë waarop die analise in hierdie tesis berus, word in die literatuurstudie (hoofstuk 2) aangebied. Dit verskaf die basis vir die vergelyking tussen die Chinese .bronteks en die Engelsedoelteks, die evaluering van die vertaling, en die daaropvolgende gevolgtrekkings. Hoofstuk 3 en 4 handel oor die toepassing van die teorie, en is verdeel in die analise van die makro- en mikrostruktuur onderskeidelik. Besluite ten opsigte van die vertaling word op hierdie twee vlakke, en op grond van die teoretiese insigte wat in hoofstuk 2 aangebied word, gëevalueer. Dit is hierdie hoofstukke wat die basis vorm vir die navorsingsresultate van hierdie tesis. In gevalle waar verbeterings vir die vertaling aangebied word, word voorstelle op grond van die relevante teoretiese insigte gegee en gemotiveer. Die slothoofstuk (hoofstuk 5) beantwoord die navorsingsvrae in groter detail en is gebaseer op die afsonderlike analises in hoofstuk 3 en 4. Motiverings vir die antwoorde op hierdie vrae word gebaseer op die vertaalteorieë van veral Nord en Venuti. Hierdie antwoorde, sowel as die voorstelle ter verbetering van die vertaling, is die primêre bydrae van hierdie tesis tot vertaalstudie in die algemeen. Ten slotte word voorstelle vir verdere navorsing gemaak om só verdere ondersoeke oor Engelse vertalings wat in China geproduseer word, te stimuleer.
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17

Tan, Wen Qi. "Case study of Goldblatt's translation of The Garlic Ballads from skopos perspective." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954285.

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Wängman, Anna, and Ulrika Líndqvist. "Elevers uppfattningar om en skolas trygghetsplan." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3041.

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Abstrakt

Titel: Elevers uppfattningar om en skolas trygghetsplan ”Det är väl någonting som skolan har för att alla ska känna sig trygga”

Författare: Anna Wängman & Ulrika Lindqvist

Ty av arbete: Examensarbete (10p)

Handledare: Ingegerd Gudmundson Examinator: Maud Söderlund

Program: Lärarprogrammet, Högskolan i Gävle

Datum: December 2007

________________________________________

Syfte

Studiens syfte var att undersöka vad elever vet om skolans trygghetsplan och hur elever uppfattar skolans förebyggande arbete mot mobbning och kränkningar. Den empiriska undersökningen avsåg att besvara syftet utifrån fyra underfrågor som berör området.

Metod

Två metoder användes i form av enkätundersökning och gruppintervju. Elever i en klass i år 9 svarade på en enkätundersökning om mobbning och kränkande behandling och förebyggandet av dessa samt skolans trygghetsplan. Tre elever i denna klass deltog sedan i en gruppintervju i ämnet.

Resultat

8 av 13 elever vet att skolan har en trygghetsplan men de vet inte vad som står i den. 9 av 13 elever vet inte vad en trygghetsplan är. Resultatet visar att eleverna uppfattar att skolan arbetar förebyggande med hjälp av kamratstödjarverksamhet och enkätundersökningar angående mobbning. Drygt en tredjedel av eleverna uppfattar inte att skolan arbetar förebyggande mot mobbning och kränkningar.

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19

Kavoliūnas, Daumantas. "Lietuvos valstybės skolos valdymo teisinė analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080125_100529-12833.

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Valstybės skolos valdymas daro įtaką valstybės ekonomikai. Valstybės skolos valdymo santykiai yra plačiai reglamentuojami tiek Europos Sąjungos tiek ir Lietuvos valstybės institucijų priimtais teisės aktais. Juose nustatoma institucinė sistema, nurodomos subjektų teisės ir pareigos. Teisės aktuose taip pat formuojama skolos valdymo politika, detaliai išdėstomos skolinimosi procedūros.
State debt management has direct impact on state’s economical situation. State debt management is widely regulated by European Union’s and Lithuania’s laws. In that laws there are established institutional system, subject’s rights and duties, policy of state debt management and borrowing procedures.
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20

Edlund, Larsson Hannah. "Hur man pratar teknik på svenska : - en funktionell teknisk översättning med översättningskommentar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182447.

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Denna uppsats kommenterar min översättning från engelska till svenska av kapitel sju ur The IT support handbook av Mike Halsey. Källtextanalysen visar att texten är pedagogisk men jargongartad på grund av sin breda målgrupp. Syftet är att ge lättläst information och instruktioner. På grund av detta valdes Vermeers Skoposteori och Nords instrumentella översättning som översättningsprincip. Jag använder Nords kategorier för översättningsproblem och översättningssvårigheter för att diskutera arbetet. Svårigheterna är beroende av översättare och situation. Kategoriseringen tyder på att översättningsstudenter kan ha goda språkliga färdigheter men bristande sakkunskap. Lösningarna på främst konventionsrelaterade och lingvistiska problem visar att måltexten anpassats till mottagaren, vilket resulterat i en instrumentell översättning. Samtidigt tilläts vissa främmande drag från källkulturen som kulturella referenser kvarstå, eftersom dessa redan inkorporerats i målkulturen.
This essay covers my translation from English to Swedish of chapter seven of Mike Halsey’s The IT support handbook. The source text is pedagogical and easy to read, while also including a lot of jargon due to its broad target group. The purpose is giving easy to read information and instructions. The translation principle chosen is Vermeer and Nord’s skopos theory and instrumental translation. I use Nord’s categories of translation problems and difficulties for discussion. The difficulties suggest that translation students can have reliable linguistic skills but insufficient subject knowledge. The solutions for mainly convention-related and linguistic problems show how the target text has been adapted to its readers, resulting in an instrumental translation. Some cultural references remain in the target text however, since they were already incorporated into the target culture.
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Saliba, Cesar, and Klas Redenfors. "Da´ktylos skopi´a." Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34628.

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Arbetet är en studie för att försöka klargöra hurvida man kan säkra fingeravtryck med hjälp av enkla beprövade metoder samt nya och icke beprövade metoder. Dessa metoder är Kolpulvermetoden, Järnpulvermetoden samt den mindre prövade metoden med flytande kolpulver på porösa material såsom kartong och papper. För att kunna ge en förklaring till hur fingeravtryck säkras och lagras är det viktigt att gå in på bakgrunden till de biologiska faktorerna. De historiska faktorerna för hur fingeravtryck uppmärksammades under mitten av 1800-talet som en unik identifieringsmetod och hur man idag säkrar fingeravtryck och identifierar med hjälp av dessa. Bilder förekommande i arbetet, påvisar huvudsatserna, om hurvida ett fingeravtryck är oföränderligt och är ej likt något annat fingeravtryck. Tester som har utförts för att se hur fingeravtryck säkrats har kartlagts i arbetet i speciella tabeller. Dessa bör granskas med de kort som bifogas som bilaga då det annars kan vara svårt att tolka avtryckens kvalité. En sakkunnig (Thomas hoff, SKL) har inspekterat dessa och gett en preliminärbedömning om fingeravtrycken hade kunnat användas vid eventuell spårning i ett skarpt fall. Resultaten har redovisats i tabeller under ”resultat” och de har benämnts med siffor och inte hurvida de blev godkända eller ej. Avslutningsvis har en diskussion förts om hurvida arbetet fallit ut på önskad väg. Vilka mål som har uppnåtts, respektive vilka mål som inte har uppnåtts. Vad som kan ha påverkat utöver de faktorer som tillsattes under avtrycksprocessen, samt om metoderna hade kunnat göras på ett annorlunda sätt eller med andra förutsättningar. Huvudsakligen var intresset att förutsättningarna skulle vara så likt verkligheten som möjligt, därav de speciella testmetoderna.

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22

Tajzichová, Nikola. "Welfare v chovech skotu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258187.

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The thesis Welfare of cattle is focused on well-being of the dairy cattle, specifically from the professional expert perspective, representing these days one of the very actual quality of cattle breeding factor. The objective of the thesis was to summarise the newest expert findings in the area of dairy cattle welfare and to find out Czech Republic breeders opinion on the dairy cattle welfare assessment and on the suitability of criteria for such assessment. Cattle breeding represents one of the main sectors of the animal production, which serves as the primary source of milk, cheese and meat products. The quality of these products is directly dependant on the well-being of the cattle, which is at the same time essentially important for its complex good health condition, both physical and mental. In my thesis, I have focused on the animal welfare as such, and I analyse it in detail from different perspectives. The thesis also addresses the important evaluation project Welfare Quality, whose methodology could become a foundation for standardization of cattle well-being assessment and its certification by means of passporting products quality and origin. Further, the thesis elaborates on the alternatives of such products welfare passportisation, which could also provide for authentication of products quality and welfare of animals in the studs. I have used questionnaires for the empirical research, by means of which the dairy cattle breeders were interviewed. The questionnaires were composed of questions pertaining to basic information on concrete breeder and the stud, health condition of the animals, opinion of the breeder on animal welfare and suitable criteria for dairy cattle welfare assessment, and also questions addressing management and production characteristics of the stud. The thesis confirms the necessity of improvement of the awareness and knowledgeability of the breeders about the animals welfare, but also the need of animals life conditions improvement, and consequently the benefits of the introduction of welfare standardization and evaluation by means of all interested parties participation, and possibly also introduction of some form of certification of the quality and origin of the product, with respect to welfare.
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23

Persson, Kajsa, Anna Sannö, and Bladh Andreas Axelsson. "Skopalätt den enhandsfattade ergonomiska skopan för storkök." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1617.

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24

Hillberg, Helena, and Larsson Mona Forslund. "Att motverka mobbning : en skolas förebyggande arbete." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-839.

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Mobbning är ett problem som framför allt finns i skolans miljö och som kan leda till allvarliga konsekvenser för alla inblandade. Då begreppet har olika definitioner, kan det dessutom vara svårt att upptäcka. Den svenska skolan är obligatorisk och det förebyggande arbetet mot mobbning som där bedrivs är därför viktigt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur en skola definierar begreppet mobbning och om det påverkar det arbetssätt som används för att motverka mobbning. Undersökningen ägde rum på en grundskola med årskurserna F-6, där individuella intervjuer genomfördes med rektorn och två av skolans pedagoger. För att försäkra att de frågor som ställdes i undersökningen skulle bli besvarade, användes intervjumallar. Vid intervjuerna ställdes öppna frågor, då detta gav informanterna möjlighet till eftertanke. Resultatet visade att den undersökta skolan använde flera förebyggande åtgärder för att motverka mobbning och att informanterna hade samma grunddefinition av begreppet mobbning. Slutsatserna var att informanternas definition av begreppet mobbning hade viss inverkan på skolans förebyggande arbete och att personalens engagemang hade betydelse för det arbete som bedrevs.

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25

Johansson, Caroline. "Styrdokumenten i skolan- en skolas lokala läroplansarbete." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Educational Science (IUV), 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-757.

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Skolans styrdokument har varit på tapeten sedan den"nya"läroplanen Lpo-94 kom. Länge har diskussioner om det nya målrelaterade betygssystemet pågått på skolorna mellan lärare och skolledare och även på kommunal nivå. Denna läroplan innehåller många nya uppgifter för skolan i sig och även för läraren och eleverna. Frågan om vad som skall göras, och hur, har ofta dykt upp hos många lärare och det är det som jag har riktat in mig på. Hur ska man och hur har man tolkat läroplanen. Min grundtanke var att ge en bild över de styrdokument som finns men framförallt att ge en bild av hur dessa används i det verkliga livet på skolorna. Detta har jag lyckats med genom att läsa läroplansforskning om fenomenet läroplaner och hur de kan gestalta sig i skolan men också genom att göra en så kallad fältstudie på en av högstadieskolorna i landet. Jag ville bland annat få fram hur diskussionen på skolorna hade pågått sedan 1994 och hur den kanske hade förändrat sig, så här efter ett par år med Lpo-94.

Resultatet visar att återkommande samtal om de olika styrdokumenten är viktigt för ökad förståelse för och insikt om skolans samhällsuppdrag. Skolan arbetar mer målinriktat och lärarna samarbetar mer för att få en enhetlig bedömningsgrund.

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26

Zumaraitė, Birutė. "Lietuvos skolos vertybinių popierių rinkos pokyčių tendencijos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20140626_161806-28619.

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Išsivysčiusiose šalyse vertybinių popierių rinka turi gilias vystimosi tradicijas ir bendroje finansų sistemoje vaidina svarbų vaidmenį. Būtent vertybinių popierių rinka sudaro sąlygas efektyviam finansinių lėšų pasiskirstymui tarp atskirų rinkos dalyvių. Svarbų vaidmenį kiekvienos šalies finansų sistemoje vaidina skolos vertybinių popierių rinka, ypatingai vyriausybės išleidžiami skolos vertybiniai popieriai, kurių dėka rinkoje efektyviau formuojamos kreditinės lėšos. Vyriausybės išleidžiamų skolos vertybinių popierių palūkanos yra pagrindinis rodiklis, lemiantis šalyje vyraujančias skolinimo ir skolinimosi palūkanų normas. Ūkio subjektas, išleisdamas skolos vertybinius popierius, gautas lėšas gali panaudoti turto apyvartumui didinti, apyvartinėms lėšoms finansuoti. Reikėtų paminėti tai, jog darbe bus analizuojami tik Lietuvos Vyriausybės bei įmonių skolos vertybiniai išleidžiami vidinei rinkai. Šių emitentų užsienyje leidžiami skolos vertybiniai popieriai reikalautų atskiros plačios analizės. Šio darbo objektas – skolos vertybinių popierių rinka Lietuvoje. jos pokyčiai bei tendencijos Lietuvoje nuo pirmųjų emisijų išleidimo iki 2006 m. pabaigos. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti Lietuvos skolos vertybinių popierių rinką, joje cirkuliuojančius skolos vertybinius popierius, išnagrinėti rinkos pokyčius nuo 1994 m., bei išvesti pagrindines tendencijas, vyraujančias skolos vertybinių popierių rinkoje. Norint įgyvendinti šiuos tikslus, iškelti tokie darbo uždaviniai: ... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Security market in economically strong countries has deep developing traditions and acts strong role in financial system. Debt securities market helps to allocate the financial recourses between separate institutions. Also the strong role in financial system plays debts securities market, especially government bonds that help to form the lending resources effectively. Interest rate of government bonds is the main point, which turns rates of lending and borrowing. The incomes, which are gained after issuing debt securities, can be used to increase working capital, or finance the current assets. This study is going to analyse debt securities issued by Lithuanian Government and companies, which are issued for domestic market. The debt securities that are issued for outside market can be the theme of the other study. The object of this study is Lithuania’s debt security market, their changes and tendencies since first emissions up to the year of 2006. The ambition of this study is to traverse debt securities market, securities circulating in it, analyse the market changes since 1994 to 2006 and make the main tendencies of debt securities market in Lithuania. To reach this ambition, these goals were set:  Traverse debt securities market, it functions and place in Lithuania’s financial system.  To mark the main types of bond, set the main methods of evaluating and determining the profitability of the bonds.  To set the main characteristics of treasury bills... [to full text]
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27

Ekelund, Karin. "Analys av en svensk skolas organisation, arbetslagen." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28295.

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Syftet med studien är att dels beskriva den studerade partnerskolans organisation i allmänhet, inklusive arbetslagen i synnerhet, dels analysera densamma. Målsättningen är att studien ska leda till organisationsmässiga förbättringsförslag som i sin tur kan bidra positivt till skolutvecklingen.I denna studie har intervjuer, enkäter och dagboksmetod använts. För att förstå hur främst lärarna och i viss mån ledningen och elever upplever och ser på organisationen, inkl arbetslagen, har relevant litteratur studerats för att kunna jämföra verkligheten med teorin och se om det går att hitta belägg/förklaringsorsaker för olika synsätt på organisationen.Resultaten pekar på ett missnöje med hela organisationen och ledningen från lärarna. De anser att organisationen är alltför byråkratisk och att de känner sig ”överkörda” genom att inte ha fått möjlighet att få vara med och påverka beslut. De anser att ledningen inte är tillräckligt lyhörd och att den inte är nog demokratisk och närvarande. I studien ges förbättringsförslag till skolans organisation inom följande områden: målsättningar och visioner, företagskultur, motivation, ledning och ledarskap, förändringsarbete och arbetslag.Nyckelord: arbetslag, demokrati, organisation och skolutveckling.
The purpose of this essay is to describe the organisation of a Swedish school, including a form of organisation called "Arbetslag" in Swedish, somewhat comparable with the english word "Teamwork". The aim is to be able to come up with ideas of improvement for the school´s organisation and development.Different methods have been used, such as interviews, questionnaires and diary-notes. Relevant litterature has been used to be able to compare theory with reality.The result indicates that the teachers are dissatisfied with the school´s organisation and the management of the school.The teachers feel that they have too little influence, that the organisation is too bureaucratic and that the management isn´t enough democratic.In the end of this essay you can find suggested areas of improvement for the school´s organisation within the following fields: goals and visions, company culture, motivation, management and leadership, working with changes within the organisation and teamwork.
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VInter, Vanja. "Sex, slang and skopos : Analysing a translation of The Smart Bitches’ Guide to Romance." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85641.

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This paper analyses the translation methods used in translating a colloquial, culture-specific text containing allusions and informal language. The analysis focuses on the difficulties arising in the translation of culture-specific phenomena and aspects such as slang and cultural references as well as allusions and language play. The theoretical framework used for structuring the analysis is supported by the theories of Newmark (1988), Nida (1964), Schröter (2005), Reiss (1989), Pym (2010) and Leppihalme (1994), among others. The results indicate that the translation of culturally and connotatively charged words require knowledge and understanding of languages and cultures alike. Further, the results indicate that concept of a word or concept being ‘untranslatable’ may originate from such lack of understanding or knowledge and that further research on the subject is needed.
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Říhová, Monika. "Ekonomické zhodnocení chovu masného skotu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257123.

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The objective of this dissertation is the evaluation of economic indicators of beef cattle farming on a specific family farm in the time period from 2013 to 2015 in Bukovina u Čisté village, Semily District. The family focuses on a crop and livestock production. The farming takes place on 110 hectares of land, the fertile ground makes 54 ha. The livestock production concentrates on breeding cows without any milk production and the bulls fattening. The amount of cows was 23 pieces to 27 pieces in the period from 2013 to 2015. Because of the crossbreeding the cows following breeds are represented: Czech Pied cattle (20 %), Limousin (72 %) and Charolais (8 %). In the bulls fattening area were more breeds represented caused by the purchased bulls. Breeds represented: Limousin (32 %), Czech Pied cattle (42 %), Blonde d Aquitaine (1 %), Aberdeen Angus (23 %) and Holstein cattle (3 %). The processing and evaluation of economic results was prevented by factors affecting the economics of farming. In the reproduction part are the factors - the calving interval, the age structure of the cows and the scatter of births during the year. The bulls fattening part contains the research of the bulls breeds representation, age structure and carcass weight. The economic indicators consist of the evaluation of the costs, revenues, profit and the level of profitability. The breeding was evaluated in the conclusion of this dissertation and the suggestions for improvement was recommended. The calving interval of the cows in 2013 lasted on average of 408 days, in 2014 decreased by 9 % to 373 days, and in 2015 decreased by further 9 % up to 337 days. Heifers reached 3 years of age at birthing. The oldest cows were 11 years old. The biggest group of cows was at the age of 7 years with a 27 % share. The Breeders preference is the calving during the winter to spring time period. In 2013 the birthing period lasted from February to July, in 2014 from March, except June and August, until October and in 2015 from February to August. For the entire period was 76 % of births in the barn and 24 % of births on pasture. In the entire period 76 % of births happened in the barn and 24 % of births on pasture. The bulls fattening contained 42 % of own breeding and the next part consist of purchased bulls. The largest group of bulls are Czech Pied cattle constituting of 42 %. Limousin Bulls breeds and Aberdeen Angus breeds created 21 % and 79 % out of that are owned by the breeder. The best average of hot carcass weight (HCW) was 399kg at Aberdeen Angus breed. The value of the carcass at Limousin bulls was 8 % lower and the bulls of the Czech Pied cattle was more than 20 % lower. The slaughter bulls were sold at an average age of 23 months and HCW 344 kg in 2013, in 2014 at the average age of 24 months and HCW 379 kg, in 2015 at the average age of 22 months and HCW 330 kg. The highest variability was recorded in the year 2015 with a value of 34,63 % and the lowest in 2013 with 8,80 %. During the time period the highest cost entry has not changed. Just the share was different. The feed entry share was at 61,7 % in 2013, at 68,89 % in 2014 and at 52,30 % in 2015. 95,7 % of the total cost was assigned to the own feeding. The expenses in 2013 were 912 919 CZK, in 2014 dropped to 845 368 CZK and in 2015 increased to 1 213 190 CZK. The cost of one feeding day per cattle in 2013 was 28,10 CZK, in 2014 decreased to 26,02 CZK and in 2015 increased to 37,35 CZK. The revenues were affected by the sale of cattle for slaughter. In 2013 was sold 21 pieces of cattle for a total amount of 545 040 CZK, in 2014 was sold 32 pieces of bulls in the total value of 977 643 CZK and in 2015 36 pieces of bulls in the total amount of 867 885,60 CZK. The sales of slaughter units in the total amount of revenue in 2013 did the share of 68,61 %, in 2014 increased to 72,25 % and in 2015 decreased to 59,20 %. In 2015 was the receipt share from slaughter bulls of 30 % based on the sale of alive bulls to Austria. Total revenues in 2013 were 823 517 CZK, in 2014 increased by 39 % to 1 353 080 CZK and in 2015 increased by 7 % to 1 466 062 CZK. The Profit was calculated in 2013 as a loss in the value of 89 402 CZK. In the subsequent years there was a profit. In 2014 profit in the amount of 507 712 CZK and in 2015 the profit decreased to 252 872 CZK. The profit ratio in 2013 amounted to a negative value - 10 %, in 2014 increased to 60 % and in 2015 dropped to 21 %.
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30

Beneš, Ondřej. "Porovnání automatických a tradičních systémů zakládání krmiva skotu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257267.

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The thesis describes the problems of traditional and automatic systems for the cattle feeding. The theoretical part briefly review the methods of cattle feeding and compared to traditional methods of feeding, less automated and highly automated technological lines for the cattle feeding. Intend of the work was to use the acquired knowledge and perform technical and economic assessment of various methods for the cattle feeding.
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31

Jansson, Jessica. "Mobbning : En skolas handlingsplan för att förebygga mobbning." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Education, Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-676.

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32

zeller, tiilikainen ylva. "En skolas organisering av arbetssättet med elevers olikheter." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Specialpedagogiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77616.

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En skolas organisering anses idag vara viktigare än organisationen, det är i handlingsnäten i organiseringen som organisationen byggs. Organisering av en skolas arbetssätt har samband med pedagogers möjligheter att arbeta med elevers olikheter. Samarbete blir betydelsefullt. Gemensamma visioner och mål får betydelse för samarbetet. För pedagogerna underlättas arbetet om samarbete organiseras in i verksamheten och vision och mål är tydliga. Forskning visar på skolor som är framgångsrika. I skolorna har mål, samarbete och positivt klimat samband med elevernas resultat. I en inkluderad undervisningsmiljö bör dessa faktorer vara tillgodosedda. Studien är en etnografisk studie som pågått genom olika fältstudier i utbildningen till specialpedagog. Syftet med studien är att se hur organisering sker av arbetssättet i en skola som ger uttryck för att utgå från elevers olikheter. Skolan är en högstadiefriskola och arbetar målmedvetet med elevernas olikheter. Analysen i studien har utgått från organisationsteori, socialpsykologisk teori, symbolisk interaktionism, teorier om roller och gruppdynamik, framgångsrika skolor, handlingsteori och pedagogiska synsätt. Resultatet visar att organiseringen av skolans arbetssätt leder till en formell organisering som är uppgiftsorienterad och en informell organisering som är relationsorienterad. I den formella organiseringen finns skolans vision och pedagogiska synsätt som bas till den struktur som innehåller ett tydligt arbetssätt, delaktighet, är flexibelt efter elevers olikheter och har fokus på kunskap. Den formella organiseringen har konkreta verktyg/artefakter som stöd i organiseringen, loggbok och handledande samtal. Den informella organiseringen uttrycker de relationer som den formella organiseringen grundlägger. Elever och lärare möts genom kunskapandet, blir synliggjorda, möts i samspel, respekt, ansvar, krav och empowerment. Den formella och den informella organiseringen leder till att lärare och elever får systemiska roller. Centralt blir samspel och kommunikation mellan alla aktörer. Arbetssättets organisering för att möta elevers olikheter bygger på medveten pedagogik och ansvarstagande från lärare. Lärares handledande samtal med eleven femton minuter varje vecka är centralt på skolan. Elever uttrycker lärares vägledning som betydelsefull. Vägledningen blir komplex då elever uttrycker både ett beroende av lärares vägledning men också att den leder till autonomi. Genom att organisering av arbetssättet utgår från elevers olikheter leder olikheter inte till svårigheter i undervisningen. Skolans fokus ligger på kunskapandet och skolarbetet blir uppgiftsfokuserat. Det leder till att samarbetet mellan lärare och elever blir en relation. Skolans fokus på kunskapandet blir även en norm på skolan. I studien gjordes en kartläggning av den formella och informella organiseringen för att kritiskt granska och förstå hur en verksamhet bäst tillgodoser elevers olikheter i lärandet genom samarbete och positivt klimat.
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33

Jokantaitė, Vykinta. "Palikimo priėmimas ir paveldėtojo atsakomybė už palikėjo skolas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20101124_204052-99300.

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Darbo tyrimo objektas: palikimo priėmimo teorinės ir praktinės problemos. Tai problemiškos Lietuvos teisės instituto srities, kuri iki šiol kelia teorinių ir praktinių problemų, o vienas iš palikimo priėmimo būdų vis dar stokoja teisės mokslininkų ir praktikų dėmesio, nagrinėjimas. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas apibrėžti palikimo priėmimo sąvoką, nustatyti palikimo priėmimo reikšmę įpėdiniams ir apskritai paveldėjimo teisiniuose santykiuose, išanalizuoti palikimo priėmimo būdų teorines ir praktines problemas, surasti tų problemų sprendimo būdus. Siekiant šio tikslo keliami uždaviniai – išanalizuoti šiuos klausimus: kodėl reikia priimti palikimą; nuo kada įpėdinis laikomas priėmusiu palikimą; kas yra įpėdinio nuosavybės teisės į palikimą atsiradimo pagrindas; nuo kurio momento įpėdinis perima palikėjo teises ir pareigas; kodėl negalima priimti/atsisakyti tik dalies palikimo; ar galima įpėdiniui pasirinkti paveldėjimo pagrindą; kas yra palikimo priėmimas; ar galima palikimą priimti su sąlygomis; kodėl negalima anuliuoti palikimo priėmimo; ar reikia teismo leidimo priimti palikimą asmens iki 18 m. vardu; ką reiškia civilinių teisinių santykių subjektų autonomijos principas paveldėjimo teisėje; kokios palikimo atsisakymo pasekmės; ar galima pagal Lietuvos teisę atsisakyti palikimo kieno nors naudai; ar galima atsisakyti palikimo jau priėmus jį; kodėl negalima atšaukti palikimo priėmimo atsisakymo; per kiek laiko galima priimti palikimą ir jo atsisakyti; kokiais būdais gali būti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Research subject: theoretical and practical issues of the bequest acceptance. It is an attempt to analyze rather problematic sphere of the Law Institute of Lithuania, that is still raising theoretical as well as practical problems, and one of the methods of the bequest acceptance still lacks of consideration of the law scientists and practitioners. The main goal of the work is to define a concept of the bequest acceptance, determine importance of the bequest acceptance to legatees and in descent legal relationship in general, analyze theoretical and practical issues of the methods of bequest acceptance, search for the problems’ solutions. With the view of the goal following tasks are raised – to analyze these questions: why should the bequest be accepted; since when is the legatee considered as the one who accepted bequest; what is the basis of origin of the ownership rights of legatee; from which moment does the legatee take over the testator rights and duties; why is it not possible to accept/resign only part of bequest; is legatee allowed to choose the basis of descent; what is the bequest acceptance; is it possible to accept bequest with the conditions; why is it not possible to revoke bequest acceptance; is it necessary to obtain court decision in order to accept bequest on behalf of the person under 18; what does it mean the principal of autonomy of the subjects of civil legal relationship in descent law; what are the consequences of bequest abandonment; is it possible... [to full text]
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34

Jurgaitytė-Jurčienė, Vilma. "Įpėdinių atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas institutas: lyginamieji aspektai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20140627_180957-17903.

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Įpėdinių atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas institutas: lyginamieji aspektai Nepaisant paveldėjimo teisės problemų aktualumo bei socialinio jautrumo, paveldėjimo teisės problemos nėra populiari tema tarp teisės mokslininkų. Lietuvoje apskritai mažai kalbama šiuo klausimu, todėl lieka daug neaiškumų įpėdiniams, priimant palikimą ir atsakant už palikėjo skolas. Nors palikimo priėmimas imperatyviai reglamentuotas civilinės teisės normomis, teorinių ir praktinių neaiškumų paveldėjimo teisės normas taikant praktikoje pasitaiko dažnai. Šiam socialiai aktualiam teisės institutui trūksta aiškumo ir teisės normų detalumo, stokojama įvairiapusio teisės normų aiškinimo, taip pat pasigendama didesnio teisės mokslininkų dėmesio ir tyrinėjimo. Siekiant atskleisti įpėdinių atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas instituto ypatumus, šiuo magistro darbu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti, kokios būna įpėdinių atsakomybės sistemos užsienio šalyse, kokia įpėdinių atsakomybės sistema Lietuvoje. Todėl šiame darbe detaliai nagrinėjama, kokie yra palikimo priėmimo būdai ir jų sukeliamos teisinės pasekmės, kokios skolos yra paveldimos, ar įmanoma, siekiant išvengti atsakomybės už palikėjo skolas, atsisakyti arba nepriimti palikimo, kada ir kokiais atvejais palikimo priėmimas ir atsisakymas yra ribojamas įstatymų, ar mirusio asmenų kreditorių interesai gali būti apsaugomi ir kokiais būdais. Tam, kad suprasti, kokie Lietuvos paveldėjimo teisės normų privalumai ir trūkumai, šiame darbe lyginsime su analogiškomis kitų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The Institute of the Successors’ Liability for the Bequeather’s Debts: some Comparative Aspects Despite relevance and social sensitivity, succession law problems are not very popular subject among the law scientists. In general in Lithuania is very little spoken on this issue, so many uncertainties remain to the successors accepting the legacy and responsibility of bequeather’s debts. Although the acceptance of the succession is mandatory regulated by civil law, theoretical and practical uncertainties of succession law in this field are common. This socially relevant institute is lacking clarity and particularity of legal norms, the diverse interpretations of successions norms, as well as more interest and research among the law scientists. In order to reveal the specifics of the institute of successors’ liability for the bequeather’s debts, in this master’s work the main goal was to find out what are the successors’ liability systems in foreign countries and what is in Lithuania. Therefore, the research examines what are the methods of the acceptance of succession and their legal consequences, which debts are inheritable, is it possible to refuse the succession in order to avoid liability for bequeather’s debts, in which cases the refusal of succession is limited by law, what are the ways to protect the interests of creditors of the deceased person. In order to understand the advantages and disadvantages of Lithuanian succession law, in this research will be compared with... [to full text]
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35

Sidjimovska, Ivana [Verfasser], Christine [Akademischer Betreuer] Hill, Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Eckardt, Boris [Akademischer Betreuer] Buden, Frank [Gutachter] Eckardt, and Susanna [Gutachter] Schönberg. "Recounting Skopje. Skopje 2014: Symbolic and Citizens' Narratives / Ivana Sidjimovska ; Gutachter: Frank Eckardt, Susanna Schönberg ; Christine Hill, Frank Eckardt, Boris Buden." Weimar : Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200856392/34.

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36

Fransi, Slava, and Nathalie Kinaji. "Upplevelser av en skolas brottsförebyggande arbete : En kvalitativ studie av skillnader och likheter i elevers erfarenheter av en skolas brottsförebyggande arbete." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-45339.

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Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur elever som har gått på samma högstadieskola upplever skolans brottsförebyggande arbete. Studiens deltagare är unga vuxna som relativt nyligen avslutat sin skolgång. Ett antal av de intervjuade har själva begått brott. Det vi har studerat är skillnader i deras erfarenheter av samma skolas brottsförebyggande arbete. För att kunna besvara våra forskningsfrågor har vi valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod. Empirin samlades in genom intervjuer med semistrukturerade frågor. Vi har använt oss av en tematisk analys där vi belyser olika områden. Resultatet har sedan tolkats med stöd av Hirschis teori om sociala band. Vad vi kommit fram till är att flera av de informanter som själva hade begått brott inte enbart ansåg att skolan inte varit brottsförebyggande, utan även att den påverkade deras egna livsval i negativ riktning.
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37

Blatský, Jaroslav. "Zhodnocení reprodukčních ukazatelů ve stádě skotu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257599.

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The aim was to evaluate the reproductive performance of the dairy herd. Data were obtained on the farm ZZN Strakonice center Sousedovice from cows culled during 2015. The center treats an average of 250 cows that are kept free of manure and farm milked at four milking robots Lely - Astronaut. The most important reproduction traits were summarized and subsequently statistically processed. Monitored were fertility parameters, milk yield and lifetime production, which were derived from a zootechnical records and monthly reports from milk recording system on 100 dairy cows. With increasing milk yields were deteriorating reproduction parameters such as artificial insemination index, insemination interval and number of days open. For the entire group of cows was monitored milk productivity and reproduction parameters related to parity. The average milk yield in the selected cows was 8579 kg of milk per lactation. With parity increased milk yield per lactation. As well as the average daily milk production and average milk production per day of calving interval. Insemination index and days open length were significantly longer for 2nd lactation where a large increase in milk yield negatively affected these parameters. Furthermore, we evaluated the lifetime milk production. The highest average yield per lactation reached cows cullet later than on 4th lactation. In these cows was detected milk production per lactation for 1000 kg higher than in cows that finished only 2 or 3 lactations. The lowest average yield per lactation was in cows that finished only two lactation. Furthermore, cows were evaluated according to the lactation curve. It was found that with increasing lactation persistence increases milk production but deteriorate the reproduction traits as a days open, insemination interval and insemination index. It was also found that with increasing lactation persistence decreases the longevity. Furthermore, we observed the level of milk productivity according to insemination index and found, that with increasing milk production increase insemination index.
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Slavíková, Eva. "Hodnocení welfare v ekologických chovech skotu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258602.

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Ethical issues in livestock breeding have been in focus of public interest recently. A strong attention is paid to living space, ability to express natural behaviour, and good care of animals known as welfare. Presented thesis aims in evaluation of animal welfare indicators on 20 farms with organic dairy production using the methodology of Welfare Quality (WQ). The following criteria were assessed: absence of prolonged hunger and thirst, comfort around resting, ease of movement, absence of injuries, disease, and pain induced by management procedures, expression of social and other behaviours, human-animal relationship, and emotional state. These criteria are combined into four basic principles: good feeding, good housing, good health, and appropriate behaviour. Principal attention is paid to the relationship between animal welfare and health. Most farms showed high scoring of good feeding including the proportion of very lean cows and sufficient water supply. Good housing got also high evaluation, because the organic farming standards require loose housing and majority of time spent grazing on pastures. Lower scoring of good health was caused by dehorning on a part of farms, which decreases the absence of injuries evaluation. Farms had mostly low proportion of lame cows, cows with lesions and hairless patches, and cows with discharges and diarrhoea; no cow had mastitis. No expression of agonistic behaviour was recorded, the scoring of human-animal relationship and positive emotional state was fairly good, too. Obtained scores were generally higher compared to results from conventional farms published in literature. All farms were evaluated as enhanced or excellent. Larger herds had generally lower scoring of human-animal relationship, but higher scoring of positive emotional state. Farms with dehorned animals exhibited lower proportion of very lean cows and nasal discharge. A higher percentage of lame cows was found on farms with worse cleanliness compared to farms with cleaner conditions. Proportion of lame cows correlated with the proportion of very lean cows, and together with the proportion of cows with integument alterations it was influenced by the comfort around resting. It was confirmed that good conditions of cow breeding and good welfare lead to better health and behaviour of animals. Organic farming creates favourable conditions for good animal health and welfare. The output of the thesis provides farmers an evaluation of animal welfare on their farms and a comparison with other farms.
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Chárová, Karolína. "Hodnocení welfare ve vybraných chovech skotu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-315921.

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This thesis is focused on evaluation of welfare quality in dairy cows at 10 farms (factory farming) in the Czech Republic. Studies concerned with this topic are showing that the quality of welfare and the farm environment has a significant influence on their efficiency. Welfare evaluation in this thesis was done in accordance to European project Welfare Quality. In processing of this thesis was evaluated ten of totally twelve criterions; absence of prolonged hunger and thirst, comfort around resting, ease of movement, absence of injuries, diseases and painful procedures, expression social and other behaviours, and good human animal relationship. From four principles based on criterions above, i.e. good feeding, good housing, good health and appropriate behaviour, were only three evaluated. Most of the farms had a low scoring of good feeding including part of very lean cows and bad access to the water. Favourable was evaluation of good housing, because 60% of farms had above-standard results. Lower evaluation was in the principle of good health due to dehorning on all monitored farms. Czech farms had significantly higher percent of very lean cows comparing to foreign breeds. Lameness in the Czech Republic was different in comparison with foreign studies. Small part of cows suffering of discharge, cough, or hampered respiration was detected. Number of animals suffering from diarrhoea is comparable to foreign studies. Expression of agonistic behaviour was minimal in monitored farms. That is displayed in excellent evaluation of criteria expression of social behaviour. Almost all farms had acceptable evaluation of good human animal relationship. Hypothesis, that in farms with lower quality of environment is higher percentage of cows that hobble, than in farms with better quality of environment, was not confirmed. Another hypothesis was partly confirmed. The farms with higher percentage of cows with health issues struggle with problems during the rest time, than the farm with lower percentage of cows with health issues. Part of cows that lameness correlate with part of cows with patches and part of very lean cows is affiliated to part of cows with diarrhoea. Welfare quality in monitored herds, were at an acceptable level. Most need to improve the area of good feeding, but for accurate results it would be appropriate to evaluate a greater number of farms.
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Ollars, Jenny. "Aux frontières des langages administratifs : Des aspects structurels et terminologiques de la traduction en suédois d'un texte français portant sur l'espace Schengen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67740.

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The present study aims to analyse, from a functional perspective, the Swedish transla­tion of an administrative text about how the border control in France is organised in cooperation between the border police and customs authorities. It is an informative text produced by French authorities at the request of the European Commission, and the translation for a Swedish-speaking audience in a national context (as opposed to a supranational, institutional one) will have a slightly different aim – or skopos, referring to the concept developed by Vermeer. The translated text is an excerpt from a survey, containing both questions and answers, that was sent out to various member countries. It is considered to belong to the text variety category that the Swedish EU translation units refer to as “communications” (meddelanden). Texts belonging to this category have a content that is political or administrative in nature, rather than legal or judicial. The source and target texts are studied in a contrastive manner, focusing on two major aspects: referential coherence and organisation terminology. Both aspects are examined in a quantitative and qualitative way, with the aim or skopos as a guiding principle when deciding on which translation strategies to adopt. More specifically, the first part of the study aims to examine if a reinforced referential coherence could contribute to attain the aim of “clear language” (klarspråk) which is a key feature in the language used by Swedish public authorities. The second part of the analysis focuses on terms referring to different organisational levels, and the functional equivalents that best suit the skopos of the target text, e.g. through the study of organisational charts. In conclusion, reinforced referential coherence seems to be one of the ways in which clear language can be achieved, and consideration of different hierarchical relations between terms is important when translating organisational terminology. The study overall highlights the importance of adapting the target text to its context and intended readers, for example by studying parallel texts.
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41

Raudžiūtė, Vainora. "Biudžeto deficito ir valstybės skolos analizė 1990 - 2008 metais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_102834-56352.

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Finansų teisės magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali dėl dabartinės pasaulio valstybių ekonominės situacijos, nes susiduriama su finansiniais sunkumais, dėl kurių valstybės yra priverstos skolintis viduje ir užsienyje, tuo pačiu didėjant biudžeto deficitui. Kadangi Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos valstybių ekonomika dažnai vertinama bendrai kaip Baltijos regiono, šio darbo objektas – Baltijos valstybių biudžeto deficitas ir valstybės skola 1990 – 2008 m., kuris tiriamas turint tikslą atskleisti biudžeto deficito ir valstybės skolos atsiradimo, kitimo priežastis, jų tarpusavio santykį. Šiam tikslui pasiekti apžvelgiamas Baltijos valstybių biudžeto deficitas, valstybės skola analizuojamu laikotarpiu, nustatomos valstybių priemonės, darančios įtaką šių dviejų analizuojamų reiškinių atsiradimui, kitimui, bei kylantys padariniai vidutiniuoju bei ilguoju laikotarpiu. Darbe keliama hipotezė, kad pagrįstai Baltijos valstybių ekonomika vertinama bendrai kaip Baltijos regiono, analizuojant pagal biudžeto deficito ir valstybės skolos kriterijus. Išsikeltam tikslui pasiekti analizuojamos ekonomikos teorijos, tiriančios biudžeto deficitą, valstybės skolą, jų santykį, teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys biudžeto subalansuotumą, valstybės skolinimąsi, Baltijos valstybių konvergencijos programos, statistiniai šalių duomenys, Europos Sąjungos Komisijos, Tarybos rekomendacijos bei išvados. Atlikus šį tiriamąjį darbą, hipotezė, kad pagrįstai Baltijos valstybių ekonomika vertinama bendrai kaip... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The subject of Master‘s work in Financial Law is relevant because of the current global economic situation: because of the emerged financial difficulties countries are in need to borrow. However, budget deficit would also increase. The economy of Lithuania, Latvia an Estonia is commonly considered as the Baltic Region economy and the subject of this research is budget deficit and public debt of Baltic States‘ from 1990 to 2008. The main objective is to ascertain what causes budget deficit‘s and public debt‘s uprising, its‘ changing and the dependance between both of them. To reach the aforesaid objective we analyse facts about budget deficit and public debt in Baltic States. We also find the factors that influence its‘ uprising, changing and results in medium and long term. We bring forward the hypothesis that the economy of the three Baltic States is reasonably considered as the economy of the whole Baltic Region while analysing it in confirmity with the criterion of budget deficit and public debt. To reach the objectives we analyse the economical theories about budget deficit, public debt and relations between them; legal acts that regulate how to balance a budget, governments‘ borrowing policy; Baltic States‘ convergence program, statistics of these three countries; guidelines and conclusions of European Commission and Council. After accomplishing the research the hypothesis that the economy of the three Baltic States is reasonably considered as the economy of the whole... [to full text]
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42

Tarasiukaitė, Raimonda. "Vyriausybės ir savivaldybių skolos vertybiniai popieriai: teisinio reglamentavimo problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20110709_152333-32268.

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Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas VVP ir SVP išleidimas, kaip būdas į valstybės ir savivaldybių biudžetus pritraukti piniginių lėšų, kurias būtų galima naudoti visuomenei svarbiems uždaviniams įgyvendinti. Kadangi skolos vertybinius popierius leidžia ir privatūs subjektai, šiame darbe yra aptariamos viešosios valdžios subjektų leidžiamų skolos vertybinių popierių ypatybės. Skolinimasis išleidžiant VVP ir SVP yra sudėtingas reiškinys, susidedantis iš atskirų etapų, kuriuose dalyvauja skirtingi subjektai, turintys tik jiems būdingas teises ir pareigas. Kadangi svarbiausi subjektai, be abejo, šiame procese yra VVP ir SVP išleidžiantys subjektai bei investuotojai, daugiausia dėmesio šiame darbe yra skiriama jų tarpusavio santykių analizei ir reglamentavimui, siekiant išsiaiškinti pagrindines problemas, kurios jiems gali kilti, nes kuo daugiau spragų ir problemų pasitaiko jų reglamentavime, tuo labiau šie subjektai bus linkę naudotis kitu skolinimosi būdu.
There is considering the emission of government and municipal bonds as a way draw up assets for budget of state and municipality. This assets will be used for socially essential tasks. Because private persons issue debt securities too, in this work will be discuss caracteristics of debt securities issued by public government. Borrowing on the way of debt securities is a complicated phenomenon consisted of different stages in these are attending different subjects possessed only them typical rights and duties. The most attention is giving for analysis of relationship of issuers of government and municipal securities and investors and for the regulation of their relationship, because they are basic subjects in this process. In this work is trying to explore basic problems able arising for these subjects, because the more lacuna and problems are in their regulation the more these subjects will be used other borrowing way.
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43

Attåsen, Micaela. "Sommarborna : En konstprosaisk översättning med kommentar av en skräcknovell av Shirley Jackson." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193660.

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Detta arbete utgörs av en skönlitterär översättning från engelska till svenska med tillhörande kommentar. Texten som har översatts är skräcknovellen The Summer People av den amerikanska författaren Shirley Jackson (1916–1965). En källtextnära översättningsprincip upprättades för översättningsarbetet baserat på teorier om skopos, polysystemteori samt domesticering/exotisering. Översättningskommentaren innehåller en redogörelse för de översättningsstrategier som tillämpats vad gäller överföring av källtextens kultur- och tidsspecifika referenser, talspråksmarkörer och stilistiska drag. Det utfördes även en mindre specialundersökning bestående av en kvalitativ jämförelse mellan svenska översättningar av Shirley Jacksons romaner utförda av Inger Edelfeldt och Torkel Franzén. Specialundersökningen visade att Edelfeldt tog sig något större friheter med texten, och framför allt Franzéns översättning hade stora likheter med den aktuella översättningen av The Summer People.
This paper consists of a commented translation of literary fiction from English to Swedish. The translated text is a short story of the horror genre called The Summer People by the American author Shirley Jackson (1916–1965). A source text-oriented translation principle was established for the translation task based on theories such as skopos, polysystem theory and domestication/foreignization. The commentary contains an account for the translational strategies that were applied regarding transfer of culture- and period-specific references, indications of spoken language, and literary style in the source text. An additional minor study was also carried out, consisting of a qualitative comparison between translations of Shirley Jackson’s novels executed by Inger Edelfeldt and Torkel Franzén. The additional study showed that Edelfeldt made slightly more alterations of the text, and Franzén’s translation in particular showed striking similarities to the current translation of The Summer People.
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44

Rosén, Patrik, and Jenny Nilsson. "Gröna generationsskifte : Inriktning mot skogs- och skogsskadekonton." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7439.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera gällande rätt och de olika överlåtelsemetoder som finns vid gröna generationsskiften. Uppsatsen kommer särskilt uppmärksamma effekterna av de nya bestämmelserna, gällande skogs- och skogsskadekonto, som föreslagits av regeringen och som avses träda i kraft från och med januari 2009. Jämte det kommer även övriga skatterättsliga effekter uppmärksammas.

Överlag är Sveriges företagare svaga vad gäller att planera sina generationsskiften, vilket kan leda till problem eftersom ett väl genomfört generationsskifte tar mellan tre till fem år. Det är inte enbart de ekonomiska och juridiska aspekterna som måste behandlas, utan hänsyn måste även tas till de så kallade mjuka värdena. Frågor som vem som ska ta över och hur fastigheten ska värderas måste få sina svar. Det är viktigt att ha en öppen kommunikation inom familjen så ingen känner sig åsidosatt.

Oplanerade generationsskiften sker när den äldre generationen avlider och tillgångarna övergår genom arv. Huvudregeln är att den efterlevande maken ärver all kvarlåtenskap. Därefter är det den legala arvsordningen som avgör vem som har rätt till tillgångarna, vilket kan leda till att en icke lämpad person eller personer som inte kan komma överens får ta över fastigheten med samäganderätt. Planerade generationsskiften genomförs under den äldre generationens livstid. Valet av metod avgörs från fall till fall och det finns inget generellt svar på vilket alternativ som ska rekommenderas.

Det är huvudsaklighetsprincipen som avgör om en överlåtelse ska klassas som köp eller gåva. Ges ett vederlag som överstiger taxeringsvärdet på fast egendom klassas överlåtelsen som köp, understiger vederlaget taxeringsvärdet klassas det som gåva. Det är direkt avgörande för om en kapitalvinst realiseras eller ej.

Skogs- och skogsskadekonton ger en skogsbrukare möjlighet att fördela de ojämna resultaten i ett skogsbruk över flera år. Med dagens bestämmelser får inte skogs- och skogsskadekonton skattefritt överföras utan måste tas upp till beskattning i inkomstslaget näringsverksamhet. Regeringen har lagt fram ett förslag som kommer att möjliggöra en överlåtelse av skogs- och skogsskadekonton i samband med arv, testamente, bodelning och gåva till närstående. Syftet till lagförslaget är att underlätta generationsskiften av skogsfastigheter.

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45

Stajszczak, Tomasz. "Skopos Theory and Computer Games in Translation: Storytelling and Play as Key Functions in Computer-Game Language Assets." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2651.

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The dissertation’s subject is the translation of linguistic assets featured in computer games, discussed from the perspective of the Skopos theory, which belongs to the discipline of translation studies. As an interactive multimedia form of entertainment, computer games communicate with their users via a number of linguistic forms, which, in turn, make use of the audiovisual possibilities of this medium. Seeing as contemporary computer games constitute a significant global industry, there has been for a considerable amount of time now a demand for the translation of games and the release thereof onto the global market. As result, computer games have become a crucial object of software localisation. In the functional perspective of Skopos theory the purpose, or the skopos, of the text created as a result of the process of translation becomes the priority of translational strategies and decisions. The target text is intended to function in accordance with the requirements of the translation’s commissioner in a new target cultural context where it is received by a new target audience. It is the understanding of this dissertation’s author that as a result of what has been stated above, there exists a significant correlation between the interests of game-asset translation and Skopos theory, which has been discussed in the attached work.
Przedmiotem rozprawy jest tłumaczenie zasobów językowych gier komputerowych omówione z perspektywy teorii Skoposu należącej do dziedziny translatoryki. Jako interaktywna, multimedialna forma rozrywki gry komputerowe komunikują się ze swoimi użytkownikami za pomocą licznych form językowych, które z kolei korzystają z audiowizualnych możliwości tego medium. Ponieważ współczesne gry komputerowe stanowią znaczącą, globalną branżę, już od dłuższego czasu istnieje zapotrzebowanie na przekład gier i wypuszczanie danych tytułów na światowy rynek, co czyni je przedmiotem praktyki lokalizacji oprogramowania. W funkcjonalnej perspektywie teorii Skoposu priorytetem dla decyzji i strategii przekładowych tłumacza jest cel, bądź skopos, tworzonego tekstu docelowego, który ma funkcjonować zgodnie z wymaganiami zleceniodawcy w odbiorze przez nowych odbiorców w nowym kontekście kulturowym. W rozumieniu autora dysertacji w związku z powyższymi stwierdzeniami istnieje znaczna zbieżność w ukierunkowaniu teorii Skoposu oraz praktyki tłumaczenia zasobów językowych gier, która zostaje omówiona w załączonej pracy.
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46

Kukrechtová, Barbora. "Mezi doslovností a purismem - překlady německé rodinné korespondence Karla Havlíčka." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343864.

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This thesis analyzes the Czech translations of Karel Havlíček's German family correspondence. The translations are from the turn of the 20th century, from the 1940s, and from the present day. In the introduction, the present-day situation concerning the publication of Havlíček's correspondence is outlined. After that, the thesis focuses on the skopos theory as the main theoretical base for the analysis. Then the thesis turns to the life of Karel Havlíček with a focus on his student years. In the analytical section, the individual translators and the origination of the translations are introduced. Selected translations are then analyzed. The primary objective of the thesis is the evaluation of translation strategies and methods used by the translators of Karel Havlíček's family correspondence with regard to translation conventions and social and historical changes.
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47

PRAŽÁKOVÁ, Lenka. "Jindřich Skopec - kněz a historik." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-252322.

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This submitted diploma thesis deals with the life of Jindřich Skopec (1873-1942), who worked as a priest, an archivist, a teacher of theology at a secondary school and a historian. His interests were multilateral, but he indelibly imprinted his name in the past thanks to his unflagging diligence and his honest work. He built his eternal memorial with his careful word processing of the work called "The memories of František Jan Vavák, neighbour and mayor in Milčice". These "Memories" were published in five books and the publisher was "Dědictví svatojánské". Thus, he became an honorary membership of history research group. Publishing of these "Memories" was Skopec´s life work and unforgettable legacy for the future generation. He also deeply stuck in mind of his contemporaries, because he dedicated his life to education of youth. He taught them to religious belief, moral and deeply humility. The diploma thesis is ever the first that tries to contain the life of this outstanding priest and historian from his early childhood over his clerical activity to his research activity.
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48

MACKOVÁ, Alžběta. "Porovnání užitkovosti a plodnosti českého strakatého skotu a montbeliardského skotu." Master's thesis, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-43586.

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49

KOSOBUDOVÁ, Hana. "Kongenitální choroby skotu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137031.

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In the framework of this thesis was performed genotyping of 46 specimens of the breed Czech red cattle from the University farm in Czech Budejovice, which monitored the incidence of autosomal recessive genetic disorders, specifically bovine citrullinemia (BC) in exon 5 and deficiency of blood coagulation factor XI (FXI) in exon 9 and 12. Genotyping for BC was done using PCR/RFLP methods and for the disorder FXI in both exons genotypes were determined on the basis of different length of fragments using PCR technology and horizontal agarose electrophoresis. The presence of mutant allele was detected only in the locus for BC and that is in 7 heterozygous carriers, who produced three bands with a length of 185 bp fragments, 103 bp and 82 bp. The frequency of mutant allele and the frequency of heterozygous carriers to 7.6% and 15.2%. Results of the study show that the presence of mutant allele for BC in our tested panel of animals is relatively high. In the future it will be necessary to adopt measures that will lead to the elimination of this allele. Otherwise, its further dissemination would have a negative impact on the health of the population and there might occur complications in the regeneration of Czech red cattle, which is one of our farm animal genetic resources. The literature review deals with the problems of congenital disorders and discusses the importance of health heredity and understanding of the genomic information of cattle.
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50

CHEN, TZU-HSUAN, and 陳姿璇. "The Application of Skopos Theory-The Case of THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUS." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2f8cj9.

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碩士
長榮大學
翻譯學系碩士班
101
This thesis translates the English version of Herodotus’ masterpiece—the History of Herodotus into Chinese, and then analyzes and discusses the translating process based on Skopos theory by Germany scholar, Han J. Vermeer. Skopos theory is a reader-oriented theory, focusing on the readability and acceptability of readers of translated texts. In addition, this thesis will use translated texts as examples to discuss translation techniques. The thesis consists of six chapters: Chapter One states the purpose and motive of the thesis; Chapter Two contains the introduction of the History of Herodotus, and the background knowledge of Skopos theory. Chapter Three discusses the methodology and translating process of the thesis. Chapter Four is the translated text of Clio, the first chapter of the History of Herodotus. Chapter Five covers the analysis of the translation techniques used in the translated text. Chapter Six is the conclusion and the last part of the thesis.
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