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Journal articles on the topic 'Skull care'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Craven, John. "The skull." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 6, no. 5 (2005): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/anes.6.5.156.65039.

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Craven, John. "The skull." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 9, no. 5 (2008): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.03.005.

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3

Shahed, Kazi Safowan, Hyeonu Heo, Guha Manogharan, and Yun Jing. "Development of binder-jetting based skull phantoms for transcranial ultrasound research." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (2023): A66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018181.

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Ultrasound imaging can be used in time sensitive and dynamic environments like trauma care due to its advantages, such as real-time, affordable, portable, noninvasive, and nonionizing. Despite these advantages, transcranial ultrasound is hindered for brain imaging by the severe phase aberration of the human skull. To study phase aberration, it is crucial to have a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the macro-/micro-structure of the skull and the speed of sound distribution in the skull. This is proven to be challenging with ex vivo skulls, because the properties of these sku

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4

Narejo, Mumtaz Ali, Ali Akbar, Muhammad Aslam Shaikh, Muhammad Munawar Ali, Safdar Hussain Arain, and Khairunisa Shaikh. "The Link Between Skull Fracture and Extradural Hematoma in Head Injury Patients who came to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (2022): 1400–1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221611400.

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Aim: The purpose of our current study is to see if there is any connection between skull fracture and extradural hematoma in head injury patients who came to the tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, this descriptive research was conducted at Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohtrama Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana. The research comprised those patients who have undergone extradural hematoma surgery during study period. Normal skull X-rays being taken, and the type and position of fractures were documented on the X-rays, CT scan, and during

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Katzen, J. Timothy, Reza Jarrahy, Joseph B. Eby, Ronald A. Mathiasen, Daniel R. Margulies, and Hrayr K. Shahinian. "Craniofacial and Skull Base Trauma." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 54, no. 5 (2003): 1026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000066180.14666.8b.

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6

Craven, John. "Anatomy of the skull." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 12, no. 5 (2011): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2011.02.003.

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Craven, John. "Anatomy of the skull." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 15, no. 4 (2014): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2014.01.011.

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8

Vaicys, Ceslovas, and Charles D. Hunt. "An Unstable Circumferential Skull Base Fracture." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 51, no. 3 (2001): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-200109000-00029.

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9

Anderson, Daniel R., and Mathew W. Lube. "Jugular Venous Air After Basilar Skull Fracture." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 64, no. 3 (2008): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e318047c093.

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10

Heary, Robert F., C. David Hunt, Abbott J. Krieger, Michael Schulder, and Chetan Vaid. "NONSURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMPOUND DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURES." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 35, no. 3 (1993): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199309000-00018.

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11

Miglietta, Maurizio A., and Mark P. Bernstein. "CT Evaluation of Frontodiagonal Skull Base Fracture." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 60, no. 3 (2006): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000205164.08297.33.

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12

Taufique, Zahrah, Nupur Bhatt, David Zagzag, Richard Lebowitz, and Seth Lieberman. "Revascularization of AlloDerm Used during Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 80, no. 01 (2018): 046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666851.

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Objectives AlloDerm is an acellular dermal matrix often used for reconstruction throughout the body. AlloDerm has been shown to undergo revascularization when used to reconstruct soft tissue such as in abdominal wall reconstruction. In this study, the authors review the literature on revascularization of AlloDerm and demonstrate the histologic findings of AlloDerm after implantation during skull base reconstruction. Study Design Literature review and case reports. Setting Tertiary Care Institution Participants Patients from a tertiary care institution Main Outcome Measures Histologic slides ar

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13

Moore, R. S. "Basal skull fracture with intracranial air." Emergency Medicine Journal 16, no. 5 (1999): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.16.5.384.

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14

Butler, J. "Antibiotics in base of skull fractures." Emergency Medicine Journal 17, no. 4 (2000): 286—a—287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.17.4.286-a.

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15

Ali, B. "Antibiotics in compound depressed skull fractures." Emergency Medicine Journal 19, no. 6 (2002): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.19.6.552.

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16

Bettan, Armel, Pierre-André Rodie-Talbere, Stéphane André Martin, and Karim Lakhal. "Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation after skull base surgery." Intensive Care Medicine 43, no. 9 (2017): 1409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-4866-1.

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17

Choby, Garret. "Skull Base Tumors: Therapeutic Challenges and Multi-Disciplinary Care." Cancers 16, no. 3 (2024): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030620.

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This special edition of Cancers, focusing on skull base tumors, highlights the unique pathologies affecting this anatomic location, as well as the multidisciplinary care necessary to treat these tumors [...]

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18

Koko, Aliyu Muhammad, and Ali Lasseini. "OTHR-16 UNVEILING THE GAMUT OF SKULL TUMORS: A CALL FOR COLLABORATIVE ONCOLOGICAL CARE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Neuro-Oncology Advances 6, Supplement_2 (2024): ii6—ii7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdae147.027.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Primary and metastatic tumours of the skull are relatively rare and have variable histological characteristics. They have been reported to represent 0.8 to 1% of all bone tumours and majority were malignant with attendant morbidity and mortality. With the current advances in neurosurgical techniques, neuroimaging and improvement in histopathological diagnosis more cases are expected to be diagnosed and treated successfully. Only few studies in literature focused on the profile and outcome of skull tumours especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to unravel the sp

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19

Spock, Todd, Remi Kessler, David Lerner, et al. "Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Protocol From the Frontlines: Transnasal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, no. 3 (2020): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820931836.

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Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the standard management paradigms for care of patients with sinus and skull base presentations due to concern for patient and health care provider safety, given the high aerosol-generating potential of endonasal procedures. Data Sources We reviewed the relevant literature complied from available sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and otolaryngology journals providing electronic manuscripts ahead of indexing or publication. Review Methods Incorporating available evidence and the projected infection control and resource

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20

Benito-Ruiz, J., P. Baena-Montilla, A. Navarro-Monzonis, E. Bonanad, and P. Cavadas. "Severe electric burn of the skull." Burns 20, no. 6 (1994): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(94)90021-3.

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21

Heary, R. F., C. D. Hunt, A. J. Krieger, M. Schulder, and C. Vaid. "NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OP COMPOUND DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURES." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 34, no. 1 (1993): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199301000-00047.

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22

Taha, A., Y. C. Gan, S. V. Chavda, and J. Wasserberg. "A review of base of skull fractures." Trauma 9, no. 1 (2007): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408607083961.

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23

Zilinskiene, Laura, Matthew R. Idle, and Steve Colley. "Emergency radiology: Maxillofacial and skull-base trauma." Trauma 16, no. 4 (2014): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408614539619.

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24

Yarnell, Philip R., and David Weiland. "Pneumocephalus in lightning injury with additional neurologic sequelae." Trauma 20, no. 1 (2016): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408616659684.

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Lightning strike injury may present with a variety of injuries including burns and the sequelae of falls following the strike, and any pneumocephalus is usually as a result of a basal skull fracture following a fall. We present a case of pneumocephalus without skull fracture following lightning strike in a 58-year-old male. He suffered bilateral tympanic membrane rupture and the air entered his skull via a congenital defect in petrous tegmen tympani. The patient suffered a range of neurologic symptoms that were not fully resolved six months following injury.

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25

Ahuja, Mayuri, Ruchi Srivastava, Surinder Gulati, Shelly Agarwal, and Nimmi Chutani. "The retained fetal skull: An obstetrician’s night mare." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.030.

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In the growing era where safe abortion practices are advocated, we still encounter the complications of illegal abortions. We present a case of 40-year-old P3L3A1 referred to our tertiary care center with history of massive bleeding following illegal second trimester abortion and USG revealing the retained fetal skull. The retained fetal skull was removed but there was torrential hemorrhage on attempting to remove the placental mass. Balloon tamponade and hemostatic agents failed leading to laparotomy and discovery of placenta accrete syndrome which eventually lead to hysterectomy, Intensive I

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26

Johnstone, A. J., S. H. Zuberi, and W. G. Scobie. "Skull fractures in children: a population study." Emergency Medicine Journal 13, no. 6 (1996): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.13.6.386.

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27

Munro, A. "Skull fracture and intracranial injury in children." Emergency Medicine Journal 18, no. 6 (2001): 467—a—468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.18.6.467-a.

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28

Jennett, B. "Skull X-rays after mild head injuries." Emergency Medicine Journal 4, no. 3 (1987): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.4.3.133.

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29

Hiremath, Pradeep, Pradeep Rangappa, Ipe Jacob, Sriram Patwari, and Karthik Rao. "Atypical skull base osteomyelitis in the intensive care unit: A case report." International Journal of Diagnostic Imaging 5, no. 1 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijdi.v5n1p15.

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Base of skull osteomyelitis is commonly seen as a complication of malignant otitis externa, involving the temporal bone. It initially presents with aural symptoms such as ear ache and discharge and cranial nerve palsies. We report an atypical presentation of skull base osteomyelitis that did not show signs of otitis externa. The patient presented with severe headache, drowsiness and signs of bulbar weakness including pooling of oropharyngeal secretions. Computerized Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies showed a bony erosion of the left side of base of skull involving th

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30

Shah, Jatin P., Mark H. Bilsky, and Snehal G. Patel. "Malignant tumors of the skull base." Neurosurgical Focus 13, no. 4 (2002): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2002.13.4.7.

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Malignant tumors of the skull base have traditionally been difficult to control because of adjacent crucial anatomical structures and because of the inherent difficulty in accessing/resecting tumors and reconstructing surgical defects. Techniques in craniofacial surgery for malignant tumors of the skull base have advanced significantly since their first description. Advances in neuroimaging, surgical technique, perioperative care, and adjuvant treatment have contributed to improved results. Because the majority of malignant tumors requiring craniofacial resection involve the anterior skull bas

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31

Aurangzeb Kalhoro, Muhammad Hamid Ali, Vashdev Khimani, Raiz Ahmed Raja, and Mahesh Kumar Luhano. "Depressed Skull Fracture Surgical Management and Outcome among Head Injury Patients: Experience at Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery 27, no. 4 (2023): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36552/pjns.v27i4.937.

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Objective: To evaluate outcomes in patients with managed depressed skull fractures operatively having head injuries. Methods: This study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. We analyzed 76 patients who underwent operative management for skull fractures. Patient selection included both children and adults with skull fractures evident on CT brain scans using bone windows. Results: Our study included 76 patients, with 48 males and 28 females, and a mean age of 28.68 ± 10.33 years. Among them, 45 (59.21%) were under 30 years old, and the highest incidence o

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Yadav, Vivek, Gajbhare Sunil Venkati, K. B. Shankar, and Anshuman Sicca. "Retrospective study of depressed skull fractures at tertiary care centre." IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences 6, no. 1 (2020): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2020.011.

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33

Choi, Yu-Yeol, Dong-Keun Hyun, Hyung-Chun Park, and Chong-Oon Park. "Pneumocephalus in the Absence of Craniofacial Skull Base Fracture." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 66, no. 2 (2009): E24—E27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000229049.11274.96.

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34

Cooper, David M., Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, David W. Macdonald, et al. "Getting to the Meat of It: The Effects of a Captive Diet upon the Skull Morphology of the Lion and Tiger." Animals 13, no. 23 (2023): 3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13233616.

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Zoo animals are crucial for conserving and potentially re-introducing species to the wild, yet it is known that the morphology of captive animals differs from that of wild animals. It is important to know how and why zoo and wild animal morphology differs to better care for captive animals and enhance their survival in reintroductions, and to understand how plasticity may influence morphology, which is supposedly indicative of evolutionary relationships. Using museum collections, we took 56 morphological measurements of skulls and mandibles from 617 captive and wild lions and tigers, reflectin

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35

Gorman, D. F. "The utility of post-traumatic skull X-rays." Emergency Medicine Journal 4, no. 3 (1987): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.4.3.141.

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36

Kalyanasundaram, Raghavendran. "A difficult extubation!" Anaesthesia, Pain & Intensive Care 27, no. 1 (2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.35975/apic.v27i1.2146.

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A difficult extubation! An 8 y old male child suffered from Crouzon syndrome, in whom intubation was perceived to be difficult, but extubation expected to be much more difficult. Crouzon syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of skull bones (craniosynostosis). This early fusion prevents the skull from growing normally and affects the shape of the head and face.

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P.Praveen Kumar, K.Priyatharsini, and S.Balasubramanian. "Estimation of Pattern of Skull Fractures in Homicidal Deaths: An Autopsy Based Cross Sectional Study Conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, no. 1 (2024): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/kvapxj72.

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The head is the most vital part of the body among various organs as the injury to the head will result in fataloutcomes compared to injuries sustained to other parts of the body. There has been an increased global incidence of head injuries in case of homicidal deaths. The present study aims to estimate the various patterns of the skull fractures in case of homicidal deaths and also the nature of injury causing such skull fractures in homicidal deaths.The present cross-sectional study revealed that out of 4036 autopsies, there were 74 cases of homicidal deaths with 67 male and 7 female cases.

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38

Rimmer, Ryan A., Chandala Chitguppi, Glen D’Souza, et al. "Preoperative Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Prior to Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: A Survey of the North American Skull Base Society." Allergy & Rhinology 11 (January 2020): 215265672096880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2152656720968801.

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Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a commonly seen comorbidity in patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery and its presence may influence perioperative decision-making. Current practice patterns for preoperative screening of OSA are poorly understood. Objective The objective of this study was to assess how endoscopic skull base surgeons screen for OSA, and how knowledge of OSA affects perioperative decision-making. Methods Seven question survey distributed to members of the North American Skull Base Society. Results Eighty-eight responses (10% response rate) were received. 60

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39

Cho, Min-Jeong, Loa L. Borchert, and Alex A. Kane. "Diagnostic Yield of Routine Skull Radiographs in Infants with Deformational Plagiocephaly." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 5 (2017): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-277.

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Objective Differentiating synostotic and nonsynostotic plagiocephaly can be challenging, and many providers routinely obtain screening skull radiographs when evaluating an infant with plagiocephaly. However, the diagnostic yield of radiographs has not been studied in this clinical setting. Design This study was a retrospective chart review. Setting The study took place in a tertiary care center. Patients We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients referred to Children's Medical Center (Dallas, TX) between the years 2010 to 2012 with a diagnosis of plagiocephaly. After an initial ev

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40

Knudson, Sean Allen, Kristopher M. Day, and Raymond J. Harshbarger. "Pediatric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Frontal Sinus: A Case Report." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 56, no. 8 (2019): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665619831165.

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An 11-year-old male presented with right proptosis, bulbar conjunctivitis, and diplopia. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing mass involving the superio-medial orbit, ethmoids, frontal sinus, and anterior cranial fossa with skull base destruction. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed via CT-guided biopsy. As a component of multidisciplinary care, the patient underwent frontal sinus cranialization, with orbital and skull base reconstruction. Trauma reconstructive principles guided recreation of orbital, frontal sinus, and anterior skull base a

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41

Deye, Katherine P., Rachel P. Berger, and Daniel M. Lindberg. "Occult abusive injuries in infants with apparently isolated skull fractures." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 74, no. 6 (2013): 1553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e31828b7fc4.

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42

Law, E. J., D. R. Spurrier, S. A. Madison, and J. M. Still. "Burns of the skull with underlying intracranial meningioma." Burns 18, no. 5 (1992): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(92)90046-w.

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43

Altaf, Rabail, Abdul Razaque, Mohsin Hussain, et al. "The Role of Radiology (X-Ray versus Computed Tomography) in Medicolegal Cases Presented at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery 25, no. 2 (2021): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36552/pjns.v25i2.534.

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Objectives: A prospective observational study was aimed to assess the role of plain radiographs and computed tomography in detecting head injuries presented at the medicolegal office at the Forensics and Radiology Departments, Gambat Medical Hospital, Sindh. Material and Methods: All cases referred from the Medicolegal Office (MLO) with head injury were included. All victims underwent X-ray head and computed tomography skull was done with 1 or 1.5 cm thick axial sections without administration of intravenous contrast. The radiological reports of X-ray head and CT scans were documented an

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44

Jung, Thomas M., Raj P. Terkonda, Stephen J. Haines, Scott Strome, and Lawrence J. Marentette. "Outcome Analysis of the Transglabellar/Subcranial Approach for Lesions of the Anterior Cranial Fossa: A Comparison with the Classic Craniotomy Approach." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 116, no. 6 (1997): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70241-9.

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The classic approach to anterior skull base lesions uses bifrontal craniotomies together with lateral rhinotomies. This approach requires frontal lobe retraction and is associated with postoperative anosmia and the development of frontal lobe encephalomalacia. The transglabellar/subcranial approach permits removal of anterior skull base lesions without frontal lobe retraction and avoids facial scars. No studies to date, however, have directly compared the two approaches in terms of patient morbidity. The present retrospective study compares the two approaches when used for the removal of anter

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45

Onnicev, Igor E., Valery V. Stets, Ekaterina G. Kolobaeva, and Vladimir P. Antohov. "Principles of intensive therapy for gunshot wounds of the skull and brain." Medical Bulletin of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko 3, no. 4 (2023): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53652/2782-1730-2022-3-4-42-49.

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With the modern development of battlefield medicine and air ambulance evacuation, the quality of medical care is undergoing changes. As for neurosurgical combat trauma, the provision of medical care for this patient population requires more specialization, closer to the front line and reduction of stages. The article summarizes the results of experience in the treatment of gunshot wounds to the head. The severity of injuries to the skull and brain on admission was assessed using the Injury Severity Score. The condition of 67% of those admitted was considered severe, the mortality rate was 0.8%

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Teeratakulpisarn, Panu, Phati Angkasith, Thanakorn Wannakul, et al. "What are the strongest indicators of intracerebral hemorrhage in mild traumatic brain injury?" Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 6, no. 1 (2021): e000717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2021-000717.

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BackgroundAlthough there are eight factors known to indicate a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), identification of the strongest of these factors may optimize the utility of brain CT in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of ICH based on baseline characteristics/mode of injury, indications for brain CT, and a combination of both to determine the strongest indicator.MethodsThis was a descriptive, retrospective, analytical study. The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of mild TBI, high risk of ICH, and having undergone a CT

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Jimenez, Adrian E., Adham M. Khalafallah, Shravika Lam, et al. "Predicting High-Value Care Outcomes After Surgery for Skull Base Meningiomas." World Neurosurgery 149 (May 2021): e427-e436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.02.007.

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48

Valencia-Sanchez, Bastien A., Jeeho D. Kim, Sheng Zhou, et al. "Special Considerations in Pediatric Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 7 (2024): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071924.

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Originally pioneered in adults, endoscopic endonasal approaches for skull base pathology are being increasingly applied as a minimally invasive alternative for young children. Intrinsic anatomic differences between these patient populations have sparked discussions on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these techniques in pediatric patients. This work aims to serve as a primer for clinicians engaged in the rapidly evolving field of pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery. A succinct overview of relevant embryology, sinonasal anatomy, and diagnostic workup is presented to emphasize key di

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49

Ganagalakshmi, Gokulram, Sudalaimuthu, and Narasimhan. "Pattern Of Fatal Head Injury Due To Vehicular Accidents In Tertiary Care Centre." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 18, no. 4 (2024): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/y731f361.

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Head injury is an important cause of mortality worldwide. The present study was undertaken on 100 cases of vehicular accidents, which were autopsied at Thirunelveli Medical college over a period of one year from 2019-2020.Most of accidents has taken place during 8PM to 12 AM with a marked male preponderance of 83%.Vulnerable age group was found to be 21 to 40 years. Two wheeler occupants were commonly involved. Skull fractures were present in 65% of cases. Base of skull fractures found to be 23%,fracture of vault were found in 12%,linear fracture 50% .Among intra cranial hemorrhages, Subdural

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Leibuss, Roberts, Arnija Reihmane, Lāsma Baltace, et al. "Cerebral Oximetry Measurements Results Depending on a Preclinical Skull Phantom Model." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 75, no. 5 (2021): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2021-0054.

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Abstract It is more common to perform non-invasive examination during general anaesthesia to ensure effective perioperative patient care. To achieve these results, researchers and clinicians are seeking out different technologies and developing new equipment. One such apparatus is a cerebral oximeter, which is used during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass for neuroprotection management for reducing risk of postoperative neurological injury (cerebral stroke, neurocognitive dysfunction, and cerebral haemorrhage). A cerebral oximeter performs non-invasive transcutaneous measurements usi

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