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Journal articles on the topic 'Skull vault'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Adasooriya, Dinuka, Minjae Kyeong, and Sung-Won Cho. "Sphenoid Bone Determines the Curvature of the Cranial Vault in Postnatal Skull Development in C57BL/6 Mice." Journal of Bone Metabolism 30, no. 1 (2023): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2023.30.1.93.

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Background: The skull is a complex structure formed by the craniofacial bones’ elaborate organization. The growth pattern in each craniofacial bone of the postnatal skull has been presented in wild-type mice. However, the skull’s growth pattern, determined by the craniofacial bones’ coordinated growth, is unfamiliar. This study aimed to examine the overall morphological change in the mid-sagittal plane of the postnatal mice’s skulls and interaction between the craniofacial bones.Methods: Geometric morphometric principal component analysis was performed in the mid-sagittal plane of 31 wild-type mice’s skulls from postnatal days 28 to 98. The relationship between the cranial base and cranial vault was investigated by comparing skulls with early fusion and non-fusion of intersphenoid synchondrosis (ISS).Results: The cranial vault flattening and sphenoid bone length increased with age. The cranial vault curvature and sphenoid base length showed a positive correlation that was confirmed by comparing the skulls with early fusion and non-fusion of ISS. The sphenoid bone length and cranial vault angle significantly decreased in the skulls with early fusion of ISS compared to non-fusion skulls.Conclusions: It is suggested that the cranial vault flattening is sphenoid bone length-induced but cranial vault length-independent during postnatal mice skull development.

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2

Colas, Lucie, Sabine Caron, and Anne Cotten. "Skull Vault Lesions: A Review." American Journal of Roentgenology 205, no. 4 (2015): 840–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.14.13415.

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3

Kim, Dong Hun, and Choong Gon Choi. "Imagings of Skull Vault Lesions." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 47, no. 2 (2002): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.2002.47.2.165.

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4

Sgouros, Spyros. "Skull vault growth in craniosynostosis." Child's Nervous System 21, no. 10 (2005): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-004-1112-2.

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5

Hegazy, Abdelmonem A., and Mohammad A. Hegazy. "Newborns’ Cranial Vault: Clinical Anatomy and Authors’ Perspective." International Journal of Human Anatomy 1, no. 2 (2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-18-2179.

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Cranial vault is the case surrounding the brain. Its structure differs in newborns than in adults in some aspects. Such differences should be clear for both health and family members. Moreover, the anatomy and embryology of fetal skull take a little attention in the previous literature and textbooks. Therefore, this short review aimed to clarify some aspects of anatomy and clinical importance of cranial vault features in newborns. The newborn vault is formed of multiple separate flat bones connected by fibrous tissues with wide soft gaps called fontanelles. Development of bones of skull vault is closely correlated with the expanding growth of the underlying brain. Such brain shouldn't be struggled by continuous tightening of the newborns' vault. Also, the newborn skull could be affected even by a fixed sleeping position.

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6

Di Ieva, Antonio, Laurent Audigé, Robert M. Kellman, et al. "The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification: Skull Base and Cranial Vault Fractures — Level 2 and 3 Tutorial." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 1_suppl (2014): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1389563.

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The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. The highest level 1 system distinguish four major anatomical units, including the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94). This tutorial presents the level 2 and more detailed level 3 systems for the skull base and cranial vault units. The level 2 system describes fracture location outlining the topographic boundaries of the anatomic regions, considering in particular the endocranial and exocranial skull base surfaces. The endocranial skull base is divided into nine regions; a central skull base adjoining a left and right side are divided into the anterior, middle, and posterior skull base. The exocranial skull base surface and cranial vault are divided in regions defined by the names of the bones involved: frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and occipital bones. The level 3 system allows assessing fracture morphology described by the presence of fracture fragmentation, displacement, and bone loss. A documentation of associated intracranial diagnostic features is proposed. This tutorial is organized in a sequence of sections dealing with the description of the classification system with illustrations of the topographical skull base and cranial vault regions along with rules for fracture location and coding, a series of case examples with clinical imaging and a general discussion on the design of this classification.

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7

Yahya Farah, Joris Uriel Mahussi ADJOGLO, Tounsi Abdoullah, et al. "Multiple solitary plasmocytoma with multifocal medullary asymptomatic presentation for diabetic patient (Case Report)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 1031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.3.2289.

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Multiple solitary plasmocytoma with multiple bone involvement, it’s very rare cases, in the literature, special skull vault associated with other medullary involvement, In our case is the first case report for multiple skull vault, with multiple focal medullary, asymptomatic for diabetic patient, also highlighted the accurate diagnostic of plasmocytoma and management.

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8

MORRISS-KAY, GILLIAN M. "Derivation of the mammalian skull vault." Journal of Anatomy 199, no. 1-2 (2001): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910143.x.

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9

Honeybul, Stephen, and David Anthony Morrison. "Skull Vault Destruction After Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis." World Neurosurgery 78, no. 5 (2012): 553.e1–553.e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2011.12.009.

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10

Yahya, Farah, Uriel Mahussi ADJOGLO Joris, Abdoullah Tounsi, et al. "Multiple solitary plasmocytoma with multifocal medullary asymptomatic presentation for diabetic patient (Case Report)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 1031–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14062887.

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Multiple solitary plasmocytoma with multiple bone involvement, it’s very rare cases, in the literature, special skull vault associated with other medullary involvement, In our case is the first case report for multiple skull vault, with multiple focal medullary, asymptomatic for diabetic patient, also highlighted the accurate diagnostic of plasmocytoma and management.

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11

Duncan, Charles C. "Consultation with the Specialist." Pediatrics In Review 14, no. 10 (1993): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14.10.389.

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Skull fractures may be divided into the three following general categories: linear fracture of the cranial vault, depressed fractures, and basilar skull fractures. Neurologic care of infants and children should be based on neurologic condition rather than the presence or absence of a fracture. In other words, decisions regarding hospitalization should be based on the history and examination rather than the presence or absence, for example, of a linear calavarial vault fracture. Linear Fracture of the Cranial Vault Linear calavarial vault fractures in infants may be somewhat less common than in older children, but they occur with similar force because of the flexibility of the thinner bone. When fractures do occur, a sufficiently large loss of blood due to significant subgaleal or intracranial bleeding may cause shock. Hence, hematocrits need to be measured frequently in minor head injuries in infants who have skull fractures; other assessments of blood volume may need to be made as indicated clinically. Depressed Fractures The flexibility of the skull also leads to a higher incidence of depressed fractures or so called "ping pong" fractures, where the normal convex contour of the cranial vault is reversed in the presence of minimal or no break. Some ping pong fractures may elevate spontaneously, but the majority will remain depressed unless elevated surgically.

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12

Reshtin, Maksalmina, Ahmad Faeez, Haseeb Mehmood Qadri, Abdul Ghafoor, and Ahtesham Khizar. "Post-traumatic extensive chronic osteomyelitis of skull vault: An illustrative case report." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 40, no. 12(PINS) (2024): S75—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(pins).10977.

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Chronic osteomyelitis of the skull base is a commonly reported pathology in existing scientific literature, but chronic osteomyelitis of the skull vault (COSV) is a rarely documented disease. We report the case of a 38 years old Afghan male with a presenting complaint of irregular swelling on the skull vault for six months. The patient had a history of head trauma one year back with a compound depressed fracture which had been surgically managed then. Physical examination revealed a 15 x 15 cm hard, immobile swelling with an old scar mark over the scalp. Neuroimaging was consistent with diffuse, bilateral frontoparietal swelling of bony origin, sparing underlying brain parenchyma. Surgically excision of the lesion was done through a bicoronal skin flap and cranioplasty done at the same time. Histological findings of the specimen reported chronic osteomyelitis. However, microbiology revealed no growth in culture. Patient was discharged on the second postoperative day uneventfully. This case turns minds into keeping skull vault osteomyelitis as differential diagnosis besides other spontaneous bony lesions; e.g. fibrous dysplasia, osteoma and giant cell tumours. Abbreviations: COSV: Chronic osteomyelitis of skull vault, CT: Computed Tomography, MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, PMMA: Polymethylmethacrylate, SBO: Skull Base Osteomyelitis. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).10977 How to cite this: Reshtin M, Faeez A, Qadri HM, Ghafoor A, Khizar A. Post-traumatic extensive chronic osteomyelitis of skull vault: An illustrative case report. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(12):S75-S79. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.12(PINS).10977 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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13

Martin, Jovita, Anita Ramesh, Muhamed Kamaludeen, Udhaya, K. Ganesh, and Jude J. Martin. "Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Scalp and Cranial Vault." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/616813.

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Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the cranial scalp and skull vault is a rare disease. We are describing a case of the same in a 50-year-old man. He was presented with a diffuse swelling in the left side scalp since 4 months of duration and progressively enlarging in size. On local Examination of the scalp, there was a diffuse swelling in the left parietal and occipital region of scalp. Imaging showed diffuse infiltration of the skull vault with extracranial soft tissue masses. Further investigations with CT scan chest, abdomen, and pelvis did not reveal any other evidence of systemic lymphoma. Biopsy of one of the scalp masses showed a small to intermediate cell B-cell lymphoma. Other nine previously reported cases of primary skull vault lymphoma were reviewed.

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14

Verano, John W., Santiago Uceda, Claude Chapdelaine, Ricardo Tello, María Isabel Paredes, and Victor Pimentel. "Modified Human Skulls from the Urban Sector of the Pyramids of Moche, Northern Peru." Latin American Antiquity 10, no. 1 (1999): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972211.

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AbstractRecent excavations in the urban sector of the Pyramids at Moche in northern coastal Peru exposed two modified human skulls that were placed in an adobe niche within a domestic structure 100 m west of the Pyramid of the Moon ca. A. D. 400-650. A portion of the cranial vault is cut away from the top of each skull, and one shows drilled holes for attachment of the mandible. The skulls show a close resemblance to certain Moche ceramic skull jars that have a similar opening at the top of the vessel. Osteological analysis indicates that both skulls are of young adult males. Cut marks on the external surfaces of the cranial vault, face, and mandible indicate that they were prepared from fleshed heads and not from dry skulls. The finds at Moche are the first documented examples of this form of cranial modification, although an early Spanish account describes a similar trophy vessel that belonged to the Inka Atahualpa. Comparison of the Moche modified skulls with Nasca trophy heads reveals that the two were prepared and used differently.

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15

Sundar, Vijay I., Jitendra Shekhawat, Ashok Gupta, and Virendra D. Sinha. "Post traumatic tubercular osteomyelitis of skull vault." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 04, S 01 (2013): S138—S141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.116471.

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16

Wittram, C., T. E. Nixon, and J. M. Mackenzie. "Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skull vault." European Journal of Radiology 19, no. 1 (1994): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0720-048x(94)00567-v.

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17

Glass, Ronald B. J., Sandra K. Fernbach, Karen I. Norton, Paul S. Choi, and Thomas P. Naidich. "The Infant Skull: A Vault of Information." RadioGraphics 24, no. 2 (2004): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.242035105.

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18

Reshtin, Maksalmina. "Post-traumatic extensive chronic osteomyelitis of skull vault: An illustrative case report." Biomedical and Clinical Research 2, no. 5 (2023): 01–05. https://doi.org/10.31579/2834-8486/013.

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Chronic osteomyelitis of the skull base is a commonly reported pathology in existing scientific literature, but chronic osteomyelitis of the skull vault (COSV) is a rarely documented disease. We report the case of a 38 years old Afghan male with a presenting complaint of irregular swelling on the skull vault for six months. The patient had a history of head trauma one year back with a compound depressed fracture which had been surgically managed then. Physical examination revealed a 15 x 15 cm hard, immobile swelling with an old scar mark over the scalp. Neuroimaging was consistent with diffuse, bilateral frontoparietal swelling of bony origin, sparing underlying brain parenchyma. Surgically excision of the lesion was done through a bicoronal skin flap and cranioplasty done at the same time. Histological findings of the specimen reported chronic osteomyelitis. However, microbiology revealed no growth in culture. Patient was discharged on the second postoperative day uneventfully. This case turns minds into keeping skull vault osteomyelitis as differential diagnosis besides other spontaneous bony lesions; e.g. fibrous dysplasia, osteoma and giant cell tumours.

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19

Koo, Zhao Peng, Sheue Feng Siew, and Mansharan Kaur Chainchel Singh. "Linear lucency of the skull vault: Fracture or accessory skull suture." Legal Medicine 54 (February 2022): 101971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101971.

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20

Boman, F., A. Froment, and P. Charlier. "Variations in the Thickness of the Cranial Vault in a Deformed Skull from Pre-Hispanic Ancón (Peru)." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris 28, no. 3-4 (2016): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-016-0160-y.

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A medical tomodensitometric study (TDM) was performed on a dry skull from the necropolis of Ancón in Peru. The skull, housed at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, displays an anteroposterior, brachycephalic, oblique, asymmetric, and bilobar deformation. TDM permitted 3-D reconstructions of the skull, endocranium, and vault thickness. The external surface displayed deformation and asymmetry in the bone structures and the endocranium demonstrated deformation and asymmetry in the brain lobes and superficial structures. The TDM demonstration of abnormal variations and pronounced asymmetry in the thickness of the vault strongly suggested that the deformation was ante mortem. The 3-D TDM reconstructions also helped to reconstruct the device used to deform the head.

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21

Limaiem, Faten, Selma Bellil, Khadija Bellil, et al. "Hydatid cyst of the cranial vault." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 3, no. 10 (2009): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.48.

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Only 0.5 to 2% of hydatid cysts are localized in the skeleton and of these, 3 to 4% are found in the skull. In this paper, the authors report a case of primary hydatidosis involving the cranial vault revealed by a bulging mass of the forehead and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure that occurred in a 22-year-old woman who came from a rural area. Through this case and literature review, the authors analyse the epidemiological, clinical and radiological aspects of skull hydatidosis. They conclude that hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any soft tissue swelling or osteolytic lesion in the scalp of patients living in endemic areas.

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22

Машрапов, Ш. Ж., А. А. Чожонов, у. М. Авазали та С. К. Каримов. "СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ В ВОПРОСЕ ПЛАСТИКИ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКИХ ДЕФЕКТОВ ЧЕРЕПА". Euroasian Health Journal, № 3 (22 липня 2024): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54890/1694-8882-2024-3-132.

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Целью данного исследования явилось усовершенствование наиболее простого и рационального способа краниопластических операций с применением трансплантатов и с помощью объективных методов исследования доказать, что применение в качестве пластического материала титановых сеток оказывает благоприятное влияние на головной мозг и способствует значительной нормализации нарушенных его функций. Работа основана на сравнительном анализе результатов краниопластических операций у 98 больных с посттравматическими дефектами черепа с использованием различных пластических материалов. Обследовано 98 пациентов с посттравматическими дефектами костей черепа. Возраст больных колебался от 17 до 82 лет. Среди них было 92 (93,9±5,4%) мужчин и 6 (6,1±2,3%) женщин. Из 98 больных с дефектами черепа, 50 больным произведена пластика дефекта черепа с использованием проткариловой пластины, а 48 больных оперированы с использованием титановых сеток. Ближайшие и отдаленные результаты краниопластики у больных с дефектами черепа с помощью трансплантатов из титановых сеток показали эффективность и удобность их применения. Бул илимий эмгектин максаты краниопластиканын трансплантаттарды колдонуу менен жасалуучу эң жөнөкөй жана рационалдуу ыкмасын өркүндөтүү, объективдүү изилдөө ыкмаларынын негизинде титан торчолорун пластикалык материал катары колдонуу мээге жагымдуу таасир берип, бузулган функциялардын маанилүү нормалдашуусуна алып келеээрин далилдөө болгон. Эмгек жарааттан кийинки баш сөөк дефектилери менен жабыркаган 98 бейтапты ар кылдуу ыкмалар менен хирургиялык даарылоонун жыйынтыктарын салыштырууга негизделген. Изилденген 98 бейтаптын 50нө протакрил пластинасын колдонуу менен, ал эми 48 бейтапка титан торчолорун колдонуу жолу менен краниопластикалык операциялар жасалган. Жарааттан кийинки баш сөөк дефектилери менен жабыркаган 98 бейтап. Жабыркагандардын жаштары 17 ден 82 ге чейин, алардын арасында 92 (93,9±5,4%) эркек жана 6 (6,1±2,3%) аял болгон. Операциялардын жакынкы жана алыскы жыйынтыктары жарааттан кийинки баш сөөк дефектилерди даарылоодо титан торчолорун колдонуу эффективдүү жана ыңгайлуу экендигин көрсөттү. The aim of this work was to improve the simple and rational method of cranioplastic surgery using grafts and to prove using objective methods of investigation that applying titanium meshes as grafts provides favorable effect to the brain and helps to significant improvement of destroyed functions. This work based on comparative results analysis of cranioplastic surgery using different plastic grafts for 98 patients with posttraumatic skull vault defects. Out of 98 patients with skull vault defects, in 50 patients plastic surgery for skull vault defects was performed using protacryl plates, and 48 patients were operated on using titanium meshes. There were investigared 98 patients with skull vault defects. The age of patients was from 17 to 82 years. Males are 92 (93,9±5,4%) and females - 6 (6,1±2,3%). Direct and remote results of cranioplastic surgery for skull vault defects have showed that using of titanium meshes to be the most effective and convenient method.

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23

MATSUDA, Masayuki, Takuya NAKAZAWA, Hirohiko KIZUKI, Kenichi MATSUMURA, Satoshi NAKASU, and Jyoji HANDA. "Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Skull Vault —Case Report—." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 36, no. 6 (1996): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.36.388.

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24

Kim, S., and J. Pyen. "P17.03 Primary skull vault lymphoma in elderly patients." Neuro-Oncology 18, suppl_4 (2016): iv77—iv78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/now188.277.

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25

Collins, Jessica, Amanda A. Gosman, and Hal S. Meltzer. "Growing Skull Fracture of Midline Posterior Cranial Vault." Journal of Pediatrics 166, no. 2 (2015): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.10.033.

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26

Celli, Paolo, Luigi Cervoni, and Claudio Colonnese. "Intraosseous schwannoma of the vault of the skull." Neurosurgical Review 21, no. 2-3 (1998): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02389323.

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27

Voinytska, O. M., O. Yu Vovk, and I. V. Chekanova. "Individual anatomical variability of the angular parameters of the parietal bones of the cranial vault in mature person." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 27, no. 4 (2023): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2023-27(4)-04.

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Annotation. Given the emergence of new modern methods and systems of instrumental research, modern morphology, in particular craniometry, prefers and is aimed at the study of anatomical structures during life. The purpose of our study is to establish the individual anatomical variability of the angular parameters of the parietal bones of the cranial vault of an adult. The morphometric study was conducted on 82 bone specimens and 48 tomograms. To establish the craniotype and divide the material into groups based on it, the main cranial index was calculated, which is determined by the percentage ratio of the width of the skull to its length. Along with this, the angular parameters on the left and right half of the skull vault, at the transition points of the interosseous seams surrounding the parietal bones, were studied. Variational and statistical analysis was performed with the help of Statistica 13.5.0.17 (trial version) and Microsoft Excel corporate package MS 365. It was established that in all cases the frontal angle exceeds the right angle, which is especially characteristic of mature people with a dolichocephalic head shape. In our opinion, this happens under the influence of an increase in the length and height of the cerebral part of the skull and the vault as a whole in dolihocephals. The anteroinferior (sphenoid) angle has characteristic values less than a right angle, namely, in people with a meso- and dolichocephalic head shape, with the exception of people with a brachycephalic shape, in which the transverse dimensions of the skull and its vault are significantly increased. The posterosuperior (occipital) angle has variable values that exceed an angle of 90°, especially in round-headed people (brachycephals). With brachycephaly, the range of the posteroinferior (mastoid) angle is increased to 150°-151°in men and 138°-146°in women with a gradual decrease in meso- and dolichocephaly. The conducted research showed that the corners of the parietal bone have a certain dependence on the shape and size of the cerebral part of the skull. The obtained results complement the existing data on the angular parameters of the parietal bones of the skull vault and can serve as a reference point and basis for further research with an in-depth study of the intravital morphology of these structures using modern instrumental research methods.

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28

Aoyama, Satoshi, Naoki Nitta, Suzuko Moritani, and Atsushi Tsuji. "Cranial vault lymphoma – A case report and characteristics contributing to a differential diagnosis." Surgical Neurology International 14 (March 24, 2023): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_1040_2022.

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Background: Lymphomas of the cranial vault are rare and are often misdiagnosed preoperatively as presumptive meningioma with extracranial extension. Case Description: A 58-year-old woman was referred and admitted to our department with a rapidly growing subcutaneous mass over the right frontal forehead of 2 months’ duration. The mass was approximately 13 cm at its greatest diameter, elevated 3 cm above the contour of the peripheral scalp, and attached to the skull. Neurological examination showed no abnormalities. Skull X-rays and computed tomography showed preserved original skull contour despite the large extra and intracranial tumor components sandwiching the cranial vault. Digital subtraction angiography showed a partial tumor stain with a large avascular area. Our preoperative diagnostic hypothesis was meningioma. We performed a biopsy and histological findings were characteristic of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A very high preoperative level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (5390 U/mL; received postoperatively) also suggested lymphoma. The patient received chemotherapy but died of disease progression 10 months after the biopsy. Conclusion: Several preoperative features of the present case are clues to the correct diagnostic hypothesis of cranial vault diffuse large B-cell lymphoma rather than meningioma, including a rapidly growing subcutaneous scalp mass, poor vascularization, and limited skull destruction relative to the size of the soft-tissue mass.

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29

Cho, Raymond I., and Alon Kahana. "Embryology of the Orbit." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 82, no. 01 (2021): 002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722630.

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AbstractThe orbit houses and protects the ocular globe and the supporting structures, and occupies a strategic position below the anterior skull base and adjacent to the paranasal sinuses. Its embryologic origins are inextricably intertwined with those of the central nervous system, skull base, and face. Although the orbit contains important contributions from four germ cell layers (surface ectoderm, neuroectoderm, neural crest, and mesoderm), a significant majority originate from the neural crest cells. The bones of the orbit, face, and anterior cranial vault are mostly neural crest in origin. The majority of the bones of the skull base are formed through endochondral ossification, whereas the cranial vault is formed through intramembranous ossification. Familiarity with the embryology and fetal development of the orbit can aid in understanding its anatomy, as well as many developmental anomalies and pathologic conditions that affect the orbit.

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Robertson, Emilie, Peter Kwan, Gorman Louie, Pierre Boulanger, and Daniel Aalto. "Skeletal Deformity in Patients With Unilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis: Perceptions of the General Public." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 13, no. 2 (2020): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1943387520911873.

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Study Design: A two-alternative forced choice design was used to gather perceptual data regarding unicoronal synostosis (UCS). Objective: Cranial vault remodeling aims at improving the aesthetic appearance of infants with UCS by reshaping the forehead and reducing the potential for psychosocial discrimination. People's perception of craniofacial deformity plays a role in the stigma of deformity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between objective skull deformity in UCS patients and laypersons’ perception of skull normality. Methods: Forty layperson skull raters were recruited from the general public. Skull raters were asked to categorize 45 infant skull images as normal or abnormal. Twenty-one of the images were UCS skulls, and 24 were normal skulls. Skulls were displayed briefly on a computer to simulate a first impression scenario and generate a perceptual response. A χ 2 analysis and mixed-effects regression model were used to analyze the response data. Results: Members of the general public were good at distinguishing between skull groups, χ 2 (1) = 281.97, P < .001. In addition, skull raters’ responses were predicted by the severity of deformity in the UCS skulls ( b = −0.10, z = −2.6, P = .010, CI: −0.18, −0.02). A skull with a deformity value of 2.8 mm (CI: 1.8, 4.1) was equally likely to be rated normal or abnormal. Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the relationship between objective skull deformity in UCS and public perception. Laypersons were good at distinguishing the difference between normal and UCS skulls, and their perceptions of normality were predicted by the degree of skull deformity.

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Bloch, Orin, and Michael W. McDermott. "In Situ Cranioplasty for Hyperostosing Meningiomas of the Cranial Vault." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 1 (2011): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100011082.

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Abstract:Objective:Hyperostosis of the bone overlying meningiomas has been reported in up to 50% of cases. The skull becomes infiltrated by meningothelial tumor cells, necessitating removal of the hypertrophied bone to achieve a complete tumor resection. Unfortunately, aesthetic reconstruction of large bony defects can pose a significant challenge intra-operatively. Custom cranioplasty implants are very expensive and can only be fabricated after the bony defect exists, requiring a second surgery for implantation. Although numerous composite materials exist to repair the defects at the time of tumor resection, the challenge is to create an implant that fits appropriately without shifting and approximates the natural curvature of the skull. We have developed a technique for an “in situ cranioplasty” using a composite construct with strength in compression and tension.Technique:After the skull is reshaped by shaving down part of the hyperostotic bone, titanium mesh is molded to the surface of the skull and screwed into the surrounding normal bone. The bone flap is then removed by drilling a trough at the outer margin of the tumor-involved skull and removing a ring of normal surrounding bone. The central portion of tumor involved skull is then craniectomized. The mesh can be reapplied and the full thickness of the central bone can be reconstructed with polymethylmethacrylate, yielding a solid construct perfectly matched to the patient's natural head shape.Conclusion:This novel technique yields a sturdy, aesthetic, and cost-effective result which can be used to address any cranial vault defect at the time of tumor resection.

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Nitta, Naoki, Suzuko Moritani, Tadateru Fukami, and Kazuhiko Nozaki. "Characteristics of cranial vault lymphoma from a systematic review of the literature." Surgical Neurology International 13 (June 3, 2022): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_28_2022.

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Background: Cranial vault lymphomas are rare and their clinical features are often similar to those of cranial vault meningiomas. The objective of this review was to identify the features helpful for differentiating lymphomas of the cranial vault, from meningiomas which were the most common diagnosis before the definitive pathological diagnosis. Methods: The inclusion criterion was a histologically proven malignant lymphoma initially appearing in the calvarium. We conducted a literature search of the electronic PubMed and Ichushi-Web databases up to June 1, 2020. Cranial vault lymphoma that was diagnosed after an original diagnosis of lymphoma in a nodal or soft-tissue site was excluded from the study. Descriptive analyses were used to present the patient characteristics. Results: A total of 111 patients were found in 98 eligible articles. Almost all studies were case reports. The most common symptom was a growing subcutaneous scalp mass (84%) present for a mean duration of 5.9 months before the patient presented for treatment in analyzable cases; this fast growth may distinguish lymphomas from meningiomas. The tumor vascularization was often inconspicuous or poor, unlike well-vascularized meningiomas. A disproportionately small amount of skull destruction compared with the soft-tissue mass was observed in two-thirds of the analyzable cases. Conclusion: This qualitative systematic review identified several features of cranial vault lymphomas that may be useful in differentiating them from meningiomas, including a rapidly growing subcutaneous scalp mass, poor vascularization, and limited skull destruction relative to the size of the soft-tissue mass.

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Philpott, C., A. Wray, D. MacGregor, and L. Coleman. "Dural Infantile Hemangioma Masquerading as a Skull Vault Lesion." American Journal of Neuroradiology 33, no. 6 (2011): E85—E87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a2752.

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Munjal, Satyashiva, Amit Srivastava, Sunila Jain, and VeerSingh Mehta. "Skull vault plasmacytoma mimicking parasagittal meningioma: “Mini-brain appearance”." Asian Journal of Neurosurgery 14, no. 1 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ajns.ajns_219_17.

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Upreti, Dr Anmol. "Determination of age from fusion of skull vault sutures." International Journal of Forensic Medicine 1, no. 1 (2019): 04–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27074447.2019.v1.i1a.2.

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I. Phillips, I. J. A. Robertson, N. "Osteomyelitis of the skull vault from a human bite." British Journal of Neurosurgery 11, no. 2 (1997): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688699746582.

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Yamamoto, Mitsuhiro, Mark H. Moore, and Ahmad Hanieh. "Growing Skull Fracture After Cranial Vault Reshaping in Infancy." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 9, no. 1 (1998): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001665-199801000-00015.

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Seo, Hwa-Seon, and Rosa Serra. "Tgfbr2 is required for development of the skull vault." Developmental Biology 334, no. 2 (2009): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.08.015.

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Jain, Ashish, Muhammad Haneef, Humam Tanki, et al. "Skull Vault Morphology in Subdural Hematomas: A Geometrical Analysis." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 12, no. 02 (2015): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1570092.

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Chen, Guiqian, Yifeng Yao, Guangtao Xu, and Xingen Zhang. "Regional difference in microRNA regulation in the skull vault." Developmental Dynamics 248, no. 10 (2019): 1009–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.97.

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Jiang, Xiaobing, Sachiko Iseki, Robert E. Maxson, Henry M. Sucov, and Gillian M. Morriss-Kay. "Tissue Origins and Interactions in the Mammalian Skull Vault." Developmental Biology 241, no. 1 (2002): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.2001.0487.

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Tedman, R. "Sex- and age-related variations in cranial measurements and suture closure in the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea (Peron, 1816)." Australian Journal of Zoology 51, no. 5 (2003): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02077.

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A total of 65 skulls of the Australian sealion, Neophoca cinerea, was examined to investigate the extent to which sexual dimorphism is reflected in cranial dimensions (n = 32) and skull growth, and to determine whether cranial sutures (n = 18) can be useful in age determination. All adult skull dimensions studied display significant sexual dimorphism. Skull growth ceases close to 4–7 years of age for females (Suture Fusion Rating, SFR 25–34) but skull growth in males continues until at least 16 years of age. In animals with a SFR ≥� 25, male skulls have a minimum condylobasal length of 272 mm, whereas female skulls have a maximum condylobasal length of 259 mm. The relatively early closure of the cranial vault sutures (cessation of brain growth) is balanced by the continued growth of the bony projections that provide muscle attachment (e.g. mastoid width). The later fusion of the snout and palate sutures corresponds with the continued growth of the snout and palate to match the prolonged growth of the mandibles. The upper sixth postcanine tooth was present in 43% of the adult female skulls, but only 15% of the adult male skulls. The data suggest that it may be possible to determine age(s) from examination of the sequence of fusion of cranial sutures as well as by calculation of an overall suture fusion rating for the skull.

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Narayanan, Geetha, K. P. Sreelesh, Thara Somanathan, and Lali V. Soman. "Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Cranial Vault." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, S 01 (2016): S109—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.196464.

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ABSTRACTPrimary Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS) arising from cranial bones is rare and accounts for only 1%–4% of all EWS. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with EWS of the frontoparietal region of the skull. She underwent excision following which she received combination chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide, and VP16 and local radiation of 45 Gy. She is alive in complete remission at 40 months.

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Bendon, Charlotte L., Fintan B. J. Sheerin, Steven A. Wall, and David Johnson. "The relationship between scaphocephaly at the skull vault and skull base in sagittal synostosis." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 42, no. 3 (2014): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2013.05.009.

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Liévin, Panu, Salma Lahlou, Abdelmajid Chellaoui, Khadija Ibahioin, Abdessamad Naja, and Abdelkrim Lakhdar. "Tumors of the Skull Vault in Three Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 6, no. 6 (2024): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2024.6.6.2176.

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Tumors of the vault of the skull are rare and truly diverse, dominated in frequency by secondary lesions. Data from the literature concerning the frequency of bone tumors and the cranial location of primary tumors vary from 0.8% to 2%. They can be incidentally discovered or revealed by local signs, the most frequently encountered being painful or painless cranial deformities. The clinic is generally not very suggestive of the tumor specifically in question, although it can guide through the signs and symptoms present (such as inflammation and pain). The neuroradiological assessment, essential for their management, is no longer conceivable without computed tomography. We have collected in this work, in the light of a retrospective study including 3 cases, the pathogenetic, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects within the Neurosurgery Department of the CHU Ibn Rochd of Casablanca of the tumoral lesions at the level of the vault of the skull. The etiological diagnosis of vault tumors is very polymorphic. We collected 3 cases whose average age was 30 years, with extremes ranging from 12 to 45 years with a female predominance, and whose histological diagnoses were all different from each other.

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Hossotani, Camila M. de S., José Ragusa-Netto, and Helder S. e. Luna. "Skull morphometry and vault sutures of Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla." Iheringia, Série Zoologia 107 (October 26, 2017): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017038.

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Hossotani, Camila M. de S., Ragusa-Netto, José, Luna, Helder S. e (2017): Skull morphometry and vault sutures of Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla. Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e2017038) 107: 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017038, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017038

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Mishra, Keshav, Somnath Sharma, Devendra K. Purohit, and Arpita Jindal. "Chondrosarcoma of Cranial Vault: Case Report and Review of Literature." Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery 7, no. 2 (2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irjns.7.2.7.

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Background and Importance: Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant cartilage forming tumor, usually arising from long bones and rarely observed in the cranium. In the cranium, it commonly arises from the skull base with the skull vault being a highly unusual site. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 30-year female presenting with complaints of headache for 6 months. The patient was found to have large chondrosarcoma in the right frontoparietal region, which is an extremely rare location. The final diagnosis was based on histological examination, suggestive of well-differentiated chondrosarcoma [the World Health Organization (WHO); grade I]. Conclusion: Cranial vault chondrosarcoma is an uncommon histological diagnosis with surgery as the primary treatment option; however, adjuvant radiotherapy plays a definitive role, especially in aggressive or incomplete removed cases.

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Harisha, P. N., Singh Ghotra, and Amit Agrawal. "Giant osteoma of the skull vault: A rare case of mixed variety." Romanian Neurosurgery 30, no. 4 (2016): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2016-0088.

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Abstract Osteoma is the most common primary bone tumor in the craniofacial skeleton. However, most of these are small, asymptomatic and arise from the facial bones or in relation to the paranasal sinuses. Cranial vault osteomas, that too giant and symptomatic are much rarer. We report a case of sixty year-old gentleman presented with a very slowly increasing, painless, hard swelling on the left side of his head. Computerized tomography scan showed the left parietal calvarial tumor to be having large exostotic and enostotic components. He underwent an en-bloc excision of the tumor and cranioplasty. Giant, symptomatic cranial vault osteoma with concurrent exostotic and enostotic components is extremely rare. These lesions can be safely and completely excised with careful planning and attention to detail.

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Forseth, Kiefer James, Julia Schmidt, Amanda Gosman, Michael L. Levy, and Alexander A. Khalessi. "150 Intraoperative Photogrammetry for Quantitative Measurement of Cranial Vault Remodeling by Fronto-Orbital Advancement in Craniosynostosis." Neurosurgery 71, Supplement_1 (2025): 33. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000003360_150.

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INTRODUCTION: Premature fusion of cranial sutures inhibits skull growth perpendicular to the affected suture, resulting in cranial and skull base deformities with morphologic and functional consequence. Surgical intervention for craniosynostosis simultaneously corrects the bony deformity and expands the intracranial volume to improve cosmetic development and reduce intracranial pressure. This is accomplished with fronto-orbital advancement for metopic (30%) and unilateral coronal (10%) synostoses. Essential intraoperative feedback on vault remodeling is currently limited to qualitative judgement. METHODS: An iPhone 15 acquired simultaneous video and lidar for 60 seconds after bony exposure and after remodeling. Scale-invariant features (SIFT) were extracted and matched between frames, enabling camera pose estimation and dense point cloud reconstruction of scene geometry. The pre- and post-remodeling point clouds were aligned using M-estimator sample consensus (MSAC), which identified and registered the intact biparietal bony convexity. From the thin-cut preoperative CT, we generated a Laplacian-smoothed mesh surface of the skull. The pre-remodeling point cloud was aligned to this ground-truth mesh with landmark registration. RESULTS: Intraoperative imaging was completed in 5 patients (mean age 18 months). Absolute error (mean 2.3 mm) was measured using average Euclidean distance between bony landmarks on the preoperative CT mesh model and the pre-remodeling point cloud. Relative error (mean 1.8%) was measuring using the scaling factor derived from the affine transform between pre- and post-remodeling point clouds. Cranial vault symmetry was evaluated across the sagittal plane to highlight areas requiring correction. Cranial vault volume was calculated above a plane traversing the nasion and bilateral zygomatic roots (mean increase of 143 mL or 19%). CONCLUSIONS: Pairing widely available camera technology with this fast and robust algorithmic pipeline delivers timely intraoperative feedback to guide the definitive correction of cranial vault deformity without radiation.

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Herkes, Geoffrey K., Michael D. Partington, and Brian P. O'Neill. "Neurological Features of Cranial Vault Lymphomas: Report of Two Cases." Neurosurgery 29, no. 6 (1991): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199112000-00016.

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Abstract Two patients who had focal neurological deficits as the initial manifestation of a malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the skull are described. Soft-tissue masses and variable bone destruction were the predominant computed tomographic findings, and magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed meningeal involvement in one case and sinus thrombosis in the other. Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas initially appearing in the skull are rare, but these lesions should be considered in patients with a palpable scalp mass who have focal neurological signs.

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