Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Skyfall'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Skyfall.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Wallinder, Sol. "Skyfall över Västerås : en konsekvensstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255823.
Full textHeavy rainfall can lead to large consequences for society, especially in a city since the urban environment is sensitive to extreme events. Västerås has earlier suffered heavy rains and according to the latest research, more intense future rainfall is to be expected. It’s therefore interesting to examine the possible implications of these rains. SMHI has produced a map of low areas in the city of Västerås. Based on this mapping, this study evaluated the occurrence of contaminated areas, residential areas, development areas, infrastructure, health centers, schools, power stations and prioritized pumps in low areas. This comparison has been made in ArcGIS. It could be established that many important objects are located in low areas and therefore have a risk of being flooded by heavy rain showers. This primarily concerns the hospital, smaller residential areas, underpasses and power stations. The results from the comparison with low areas were used as background information when the hospital was chosen for further studies. The hospital is an important public function that has previously been flooded by heavy rain showers. By using the program MIKE 21 Flow Model, a hydraulic model has been set up where a rain with a return period of 100 years has been simulated and its consequences on the catchment area has been explored. The simulation shows that large flooded areas will occur around the hospital and in residential areas. A large water depth is predicted to occur at the hospital's emergency entrance and along E 18 at Korsängsmotet and Folkparksmotet. Sensitivity analyses were also performed in the MIKE 21 Flow Model to investigate how different kinds of rain affect the results, and how sensitive the results are to the choice of Manning's M values. From the results it can be seen that intense rainfall means primarily a greater flooded surface and that a constant value of M = 40 had been a reasonable simplification for the simulated area. A simulation has been performed in MIKE 21 Flow Model with the heavy rain shower that fell over Västerås July 8, 2012. A comparison has also been made between the results from the hydraulic simulations and the mapping of low areas made by SMHI. It was found that many of the lower areas were not flooded, but also that several areas that were not found as low areas were flooded in simulated rainfalls.
Bredelius, Jonas. "Skyfall som orsak till extrem jorderosion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-346822.
Full textKraftig nederbörd kan orsaka omfattande erosionsskador på naturliga och antropogena formationer. Syftet med detta arbete är att beskriva tre av de mest omfattande erosionsorsakande regnvädren som har beskrivits i Sverige och hur förutsättningarna för detta väderfenomen påverkas av olika klimatscenarier. De beskrivna händelserna är Falu gruva 1666, Fulufjället 1997 och Hagfors 2004. Information om framtida förutsättningar för kraftiga skyfall har inhämtats genom SMHI:s klimatmodelleringsprogram. Vid samtliga lokaler finns det betydande deklination vilket är en kraftigt bidragande orsak till erosion när jorden mättas av vatten och börjar flyta. MSB och SGI har använt 17° som tröskelvärde vid inventering av riskområden. Även vegetationens och jordarternas sammansättning och vattenmättnad påverkar markens förmåga att motstå erosion. Känsliga områden för erosion kan identifieras men förekomsten av extrema regnoväder är svårberäknad då de dess förekomst är beroende av tillfälliga lokala faktorer. SMHI:s program för modelleringar visar dock en ökad intensitet för de kraftigare regnen även vid relativt måttliga globala temperaturhöjningar.
Lane, Jonathan. "Stad under vatten : Skyfall, ett window of opportunity för klimatanpassning?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14435.
Full textSebbfolk, Lisa, and Mikael Larsson. "Skyfall över städer : Från en reaktiv till en proaktiv samhällsplaneringsprocess." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209328.
Full textSteinwandt, Anna. "Dagvattenhantering i stadsmiljö : -hur kan dagvatten hanteras i den täta stadsstrukturen för att möta framtida klimatförändringar?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-903.
Full textReinhammar, Stina. "Minskad översvämningsrisk vid skyfall genom grön infrastruktur - ett gestaltningsförslag för Rönneholm, Malmö." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16409.
Full textSelin, Lisa. "Multikriterieanalys för val av hållbar dagvattenhantering med fokus på skyfall och tillgänglighet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414817.
Full textWhen natural land is built up, rain and melt water cannot infiltrate into the soil and will instead run off along the surface. This water is called stormwater and can lead to problems in the society if it isn’t managed in an appropriate way. Accumulations of stormwater can for example damage properties and infrastructure. Stormwater can also contain dangerous substances that have been rinsed off the surface. Furthermore, if the stormwater is handled in a good way it can be seen as a resource, for example by creating pleasant outdoor environments. In order for all people to be able to take part of the environment and its benefits, it is important that it is designed in an accessible way. As cities grow, the proportion of hardened land is increasing, leading to challenges for stormwater management. In addition, a warmer climate leads to an increase in cloudbursts, where large amounts of stormwater can be generated in a short time. There is no actor in the society who is solely responsible for stormwater being handled in a proper way. Consequently, when a new area is to be established, conflicts of interest can occur when choosing stormwater management. Multicriteria analysis (MCA) is a tool that can be used to compare different alternatives based on the same criteria, and deal with conflicts of interest. The included alternatives are scored according to how they perform in the various criteria. If the criteria are prioritized differently they can be weighted, this is often done by different actors involved in the issue. A final grade can then be assigned to the alternatives. The aim of this study was to develop an MCA for sustainable stormwater management that includes both accessibility and cloudburst aspects. The MCA was built up to be applicable to an area in Vellinge municipality where a new business area was to be established. Different combinations of technical solutions for stormwater management for the business area were compared in the MCA. The criteria were weighted during a workshop with representatives from various administrations from Vellinge municipality. According to the score and the weighting, a combination of technical solutions for stormwater management including both accessibility and cloudburst aspects received the highest final grade. This combination included a ditch, two dry ponds, a pond with permanent water level and a stormwater patch. For the accessibility aspects, the design of the technical solutions was important. The stormwater patch was included in the combination to be able to manage cloudburst in the business area. The most important thing about implementing the MCA was to create a discussion and consensus among the stakeholders on the choice of stormwater management. Including accessibility and cloudburst aspects in the MCA led to these issues being raised during the workshop and this gave a rewarding discussion.
Faxe, Caroline. "Skillnad, repetition och klimatanpassning : Perspektiv på Stockholms stads miljöprogram." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298523.
Full textThrough applying planning theory inspired by the philosopher Gilles Deleuze, this essay has examined the City of Stockholm's Environmental Programme for the period 2020-2023. The premise has been a search for how the document functions, rather than a search for its meaning. That is, how it allocates responsibilities, legitimizes certain actions according to their problem definitions, as well as identifying what is immanent and transcendent in the text. The prospect is that these perspectives will help shed some light on what kind of difference can be made, and which inevitable repetitions will be made, through climate adaptation work within the current political structures.
Ek, Clara, and Lisa Hjelm. "HÅLLBAR URBAN DAGVATTENHANTERING UR ETT KLIMATANPASSNINGSPERSPEKTIV - EN STUDIE AV MALMÖ STAD." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22699.
Full textThe negative effects of climate change with associated extreme weather in the form ofstormwater demands a functioning urban structure. Ongoing urbanization with associatedexploitation and densification contributes to a constant increase in hard surfaces, whichreduces the possibility for stormwater to infiltrate. As cities grow there is an increasedrisk that management capacity will not be enough which will result in urban flooding.Climate change and urbanization thus require cities to be more resilient and sustainable.The approach for this study is a qualitative content analysis that is applied to policedocuments concerning stormwater management in Malmö city. With the aim toinvestigate how Malmö city works with stormwater management and gain a deeperunderstanding of the subject as well as to investigate what it is that prevents a moresustainable urban stormwater management. Furthermore, a questionnaire has been sent tothe relevant administrations in order to supplement the qualitative content analysis.The study is based on the theory of risk society based on Ulrich Beck's bookRisksamhället: på väg mot en annan modernitet (2000). On the basis of risk theory wehave studied Malmö city in order to see how they deal with stormwater as an issue inrelation to climate change as a risk. By studying the city of Malmö we have been able toobserve that there are weaknesses in the system that hinder a more sustainable stormwatermanagement. We can, based on the theory of risk society, conclude that Malmö city donot fully realize the extent of the risks the city faces. This because Malmö city has notapplied the stormwater management that a changing climate requires. The weaknessesthat prevent Malmö city from being a resilient city, that can handle an increased amountof downpour, is an inadequate, ineffective and a non clarified legislation, as well asurbanization where space for stormwater management is a priority issue. Furthermore, asan additional challenge, necessary long-term measures are not taken because of a shorttermthinking that concentrates on investment costs. These challenges thus prevent citiesfrom adapting to climate change. Furthermore climate change is a significant and difficultchallenge in itself, as it is difficult to predict which measures that are sufficient.
Thom, Nina. "Att systematiskt hantera kunskap vid planering av ny infrastruktur : En fallstudie om skyfallsskador på riksväg 90 i Kramfors kommun." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34656.
Full textNaturolyckor blir allt vanligare i samband med klimatförändringar och det är viktigt att anpassa samhället och dess infrastruktur för att motstå händelser som exempelvis skyfall. Nederbörd är en viktig klimatfaktor som påverkar transportsystemet och som årligen genererar i miljonbelopp i form av skador. Under de senaste 40 åren har andelen skyfall ökat och det kommer att öka mer i framtiden. Skyfallet som drabbade Kramfors kommun i september 2013 medförde översvämningar och flera förstörda vägar. Bland annat skadades riksväg 90 som nyligen både byggts om och fått en ny vägsträcka. Skyfall har också tidigare inträffat i kommunen. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka hur man på Trafikverket hanterar ny kunskap som man fått efter att naturolyckor inträffat och hur man använder denna vid planering av nya vägar. Utifrån syftet valdes fallstudien som metod. Information söktes från rapporter, myndighetsdokument och statliga utredningar för att kunna se hur Trafikverkets arbete ser ut och för att hitta utredningar runt händelsen på riksväg 90. Vidare utfördes intervjuer med informanter inom Trafikverket för att ta reda på hur arbetet med planering och utredning av vägar ser ut, samt för att få information runt arbetet med riksväg 90. Inom Trafikverket dras lärdom av naturolyckor och tidigare händelser, men lärandet är främst personbaserat och internt. Det finns inget system inom Trafikverket för att hantera ny kunskap eller samla in tidigare erfarenheter. Ny kunskap och nya förutsättningar används vid utredning och planering av vägar, men det påverkas av vilka personer som genomför dessa. Planeringen av riksväg 90 gjordes i enighet med de regelverk och planer som ska följas, men med ytterligare information om tidigare händelser och klimatanpassning i dessa hade kanske de skadorna som uppkom vid skyfallet på riksväg 90 kunnat undvikas.
Hård, Johnnie. "Pluvial översvämning, kartering av riskområden : Kullö, Rindö och Resarö i Vaxholms stad." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132343.
Full textFransson, Albert, and Eriksson August. "Klimatanpassning i svenska kommuner : En fallstudie." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16568.
Full textOlsenius, Björn, and Mattias Tornell. "Undersökning av en teknisk lösning för att minska risken för översvämning i lågstråk i en urban miljö vid större nederbörd." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53240.
Full textPurpose: In many cities there are areas that are lower than the surrounding terrain (low-lying areas). In these low-lying areas, there is a great risk that stormwater will accumu-late in the event of heavy rainfall and cause floods and damage to buildings and facili-ties. In this study, a review has been carried out of various theories, methods and appli-cations that can form the basis for a technical solution to solve the problem of flood risk in an urban environment with low-lying areas. Method: First, a literature study was conducted to, among other things, deepen the knowledge of the subject. Subsequently, four interviews were conducted where the goal was to utilize the knowledge that experts have about which technical solutions are suit-able in an urban environment and what costs different stormwater facilities have. The last step was to carry out a case study where a selected solution was studied with the aim of investigating the suitability of constructing that solution. Findings: The interviews showed that there are many parameters to take into account when designing and building stormwater facilities that are effective in the event of a downpour. Open solutions such as flood surfaces and ditches / canals were preferred as they were partly more efficient and partly because they were often cheaper to construct. The literature study also gave similar results, but there was greater variation in which solutions were suitable. The case study showed that the proposed solution could swal-low up to 60% of the precipitation in a 30-year rain but in the worst case only 16% of a 100-year rain. Implications: Judging by the results, the proposed solution was not sufficient to solve the flood problem in the event of a 100-year rain, which was the return time that Växjö municipality has the biggest problem with. To handle the large amount of precipitation, very large magazine volumes or many small solutions are needed in order for an ac-cepted level to be achieved, which the solution that was tested could not achieve. In the interviews, it also emerged that this was often the problem, which is basically due to too little available space and too much hardened surface. The recommendation will be to supplement with several other solutions or to install so-called cassettes under the street to increase storage capacity. Limitations: The result is limited by the fact that it is site-specific and thus more diffi-cult to apply in other locations. Since interviews have been conducted in several differ-ent municipalities, however, this aspect has diminished somewhat as many different opinions have been noted and presented. The calculations performed were not through a data modelling, which could possibly affect the reliability somewhat, even though according to the literature it was considered to maintain a sufficient level to be able to be used on smaller areas.
Smiyanov, Nikita. "Nutrients spreading with cloudburst modeling." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287367.
Full textKlimatförändringar och miljökatastrofer är starkt beroende händelser. Mänskligheten står inför betydande förändringar i miljöanpassningar och sanering av förorenade platser. Vatten är en värdefull resurs som bör skyddas och förhindras från farlig påverkan. Ett av de viktigaste vattenkvalitetsproblemen är överflödet av näringsämnen som orsakar alger som blommar. Många yt- och grundvattenkällor har förlorat förmågan att nyttjas som dricksvattenkällor samt källor för andra ändamål (rekreation, vattenförsörjning, bevattning etc.). Både näringsämnena och andra kemikalietyper påverkar vattenkvaliteten och klimatförändringarna, vilket gör det utmanande för det moderna samhället att upprätthålla god vattenkvalitet. Dessutom blir extrema regn i form av skyfall vanligare och ökning i avrinning från ytor som överstiger infiltrationskapaciteten under högintensiva regnhändelser. Vatten som inte kan infiltrera i marken kommer att rinna längst avrinningsområdet till låga punkter och infiltreras eller spridas till nedströms avrinningsområden. Den rinnande vatten kan innehålla farliga ämnen, t.ex. näringsämnen, vilket kan bidra till ökade föroreningar i närliggande vattendrag. Undersökningen görs i hur näringsämnen (P - fosfor och N - kväve) sprids beroende på ytavrinning från skyfall i Hörby kommun, Skåne, i södra Sverige. Områdets markanvändning undersöks, där genomträngliga och ogenomträngliga ytor definieras och klassificeras ytterligare i mer specifika undergrupper. Olika återkomsttider på regn används för att ge en förklaring på hur närsaltsspridningen sker och hur regnintensiteten påverkar spridningen av fosfor och kväve. Vidare upptäcks och undersöks källorna för näringsbelastning med en hydraulisk modell. Resultaten visar att den hydrodynamiska modellen kan användas för att visualisera spridningen och bestämma den ackumulerade näringsbelastningen i översvämningsområdet. Dessutom har skyfallskartering genomförts för att identifiera utsatta områden i landskapet och bestämma kritiska parametrar som fördelning och maximalt vattendjup. Metodens applikationsområde har diskuterats av kommersiellt intresse i att studera skyfall på ett enkelt och kostnadseffektivt sätt parallellt med närsaltsbelastningen.
Gjerstad, Lindgren Johanna. "Kartläggning av översvämningar med hydraulisk modellering och information från sociala medier : En fallstudie över Hallsberg." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298418.
Full textFlooding caused by heavy rain has in the recent past affected several cities around the world. Because of climate change heavy rains are likely to increase in intensity and the risk of flooding may therefore increase in the future. The consequences of heavy rains can be studied with hydraulic models, which enables simulation of future scenarios and provides information regarding both flood spread and the course of events. The making of reliable models that generate trustworthy results requires great access to information about water depths and the extent of previous floods. Data from traditional monitoring systems are usually not sufficient for this purpose and information from the public can in these cases be valuable. In recent years studies have explored how data can be extracted from pictures and movies posted on social media by witnesses to catastrophes like floods. The water spread and depth can be estimated from images and movies on these platforms. This study aimed to investigate how information from social media can be used to map the floods and how it can be utilized to improve hydraulic modelling of floods. A hydraulic model was created of Hallsberg, which suffered severe floods after heavy rains in 2015. The flood was also mapped with information of water depths that were estimated from pictures and movies on social media. The water spread and depth estimated by the two methods were then compared with each other. The hydraulic model consisted of a 2D-model describing the runoff in Hallsberg and a 1D-model of the river Storån that runs through the city. The models were linked together so that the water was allowed to flow between the models and the interaction between surface runoff and water flow in Storån could be described. The flood map generated with information from social media was created by interpolation of water depths estimated at various locations. The information from social media gave a good overview of the severely affected areas in central Hallsberg and was utilized in the process of making and improving the model. The water depths estimated with information from social media were slightly greater than those generated by the hydraulic model, which might be due to that the simulated scenarios differed slightly from the actual flood event in 2015. The water depth estimated from social media was a useful complement to other available data. The information can be used to improve models and control the quality of the results. The extraction and utilization of information from social media is an area of great potential and there might be much to gain from investigating this further in the future.
Henrich, Michael. "The influence of temporal rainfall distribution and storm movement on flood depth in urban pluvial cloud burst modeling." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-265572.
Full textPluviala översvämningar är den typen, som är både svårast att reda ut och samtidigt den minst utforskade fenomenen inom urban hydrologi. Medan ansträngningar görs för att förbättra kunskapsläget, ligger den största svårigheten i nederbördens skepnad. Det är konvektiva regn som utgör de flesta av de starkare korttids regntillfällen i urbana områden och är också regntypen som förväntas att öka mest i framtiden. Regncellerna har en tydligare avgränsning, en större intensitet, mindre utsträckning, och en kortare livscykel än frontala regn. I kombination med den låga tillgängligheten av regnmätarnätverk med hög täthet i positioneringen av mätare, samt den låga tidsupplösningen av mätningar i intervaller av 15 minuter gör att konvektiva regn fortfarande är svåra att analysera och ännu svårare att förutse. Upplösningen av molnradar bilder av 2x2 km som tas varje 15:de minut är för grova och algoritmer för felreducering av bilder från radarbaserad nederbördsdata (HIPRAD) för analys av regn mönster är inte tillräckligt noggranna, för sig, för att kunna analysera egenskaperna av sådana regnfält och de processerna som karakteriserar dessa. Den spatiala variationen inom regnceller, deras utveckling och förfall, avståndet mellan dem samt riktningen och hastigheten kan ändå undersökas med hjälp av kombinationen av regnmätarnätverk och radar bilder för att uppnå mer realistiska korttids nederbördsscenarier för användning i hydrauliska model. Studier, som har undersökt regn i rörelse har varit fokuserade på två huvudområden: Betydelsen av riktningen, i vilken regnet rör sig, där den största effekten som denna riktningsbias kan uppnå, har döpts resonans effekt och i samband med ytreducering (areal reduction) av punkt nederbörd. De flesta av dessa studier har genomförts med hjälp av statistiska metoder och laboratorieexperiment. I denna studie skapades en hydraulisk modell baserad på en realistisk terräng av ett existerade urbant område, en yta på 28 km i Falun, för att testa den nyligen utvärderade informationen om temporala intensitets fördelningen som representerar det svenska klimatet. Regndatat producerades och tillhandahölls av SMHI och representerar en mätserie från regnmätare över en period av 20 år. Som referens modellerades även ett Chicago regn (CDS). Med hjälp av en MIKE21 hydraulisk modell, simulerades ett stationärt scenario och fyra rörelseriktningar för varje empirisk hyetograf. Resultaten visade att de empiriska regntyperna skapade översvämningar med 20-50% lägre vattendjup än CDS regnet. Att modellera rörelsen resulterade i 4-20% lägre vattennivåer jämfört med respektive stationär scenario. I några enstaka tillfällen, i en av evalueringspunkterna, skapade de rörliga scenarierna större resultat, med lite över 1% i det största fallet. Det drogs slutsatsen att konceptet av areal reduction genom molnrörelse verkar vara korrekt och skulle kunna hjälpa att förbättra sättet att modellera regn generellt, men också specifikt för skyfalls scenarier med korta varaktigheter över urbana avrinningsområden. Man kom ytterligare till slutsatsen att framtida studier i samband med de fysiska processerna i regnceller skulle kunna användas för att höja noggrannheten av ytreducering av nederbörd för mer realistiska hydrauliska modeller, som i sin tur kunde minska överdesign.
Elfström, Daniel, and Max Stefansson. "How design storms with normally distributed intensities customized from precipitation radar data in Sweden affect the modeled hydraulic response to extreme rainfalls." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-437729.
Full textIntensiva men kortvariga skyfall kan orsaka omfattande översvämningsproblematik i urbana områden. Trots att sådana kortvariga skyfall oftast är av konvektiv karaktär, där regnintensiteten kan variera avsevärt inom relativt små områden, används idag uniforma designregn där maxintensitet antas över hela avrinningsområdet. Detta riskerar att leda till en överskattning av hydrauliska responser, och följaktligen överdimensionering av dagvattensystem. Denna studie syftar till att utreda hur den hydrauliska responsen av skyfall påverkas av regnets spatiala variation, i relation till avrinningsområdets storlek. Ytterst handlar det om att möjliggöra förbättrad skyfallskartering i Sverige. Initialt undersöktes den spatiala variationen hos kraftiga regn i Sverige, genom en studie av radardata tillhandahållen av SMHI. Utbredningen av regnmängd ackumulerad över två timmar från kraftiga regnceller undersöktes utifrån antagandet att intensiteten hos konvektiva regnceller kan approximeras som spatialt gaussfördelad. Baserat på resultatet skapades tre gaussfördelade testregn vars spatiala variation ansågs utgöra ett representativt urval från radarstudien. För att undersöka hur de hydrauliska responserna skiljer sig åt mellan de gaussfördelade testregnen och uniforma referensregn, modellerades såväl test- som referensregn i MIKE 21 Flow model. Modelleringen utfördes på en idealiserad stadsmodell anpassad efter svenska urbana förhållanden, bestående av fyra nästlade kvadratiska avrinningsområden av olika storlekar. De hydrauliska responser som undersöktes var maximalt utflöde, maximal andel översvämmad yta samt medelvärdesbildat maximalvattendjup, alltså toppresponser. Jämfört med spatialt varierade gaussregn centrerade kring utloppen överskattade ett uniformt designregn med testregnens maximala volym de hydrauliska toppresponserna med 1-8 %, oberoende av avrinningsområdets storlek. Uniforma designregn skalade med area reduction factor (ARF), vilken medelvärdesbildar gaussregnets nederbörd över avrinningsområdet, underskattade istället toppresponsen jämfört med gaussregnen. ARF-regnets underskattning ökade kraftigt med avrinningsområdets storlek, från mindre än 5 % för ett avrinningsområde på 4 km2, till 13 - 69 % för ett avrinningsområde på 36 km2. Slutsatsen kan dras att avrinningsområdets storlek upphör att påverka den hydrauliska toppresponsen, då tiden det tar för hela avrinningsområdet att samverka till toppresponsen överstiger tiden till denna respons. Hur mycket regnet varierar över det område som under regnhändelsen hinner samverka till toppresponsen, kan antas avgöra hur mycket ett designregn utan ARF överskattar toppresponserna. Överstiger avrinningsområdet denna storlek kommer ett ARF-regn att underskatta toppresponserna, och underskattningen förstärks med ökande avrinningsområdesstorlek. Den kraftiga temporala toppigheten hos den CDS-hyetograf som användes i studien riskerar att underskatta skillnaderna i hydraulisk topprespons mellan testregnen och ett uniformt regn utan ARF, medan skillnaden mellan testregn och uniforma regn med ARF istället riskerar att överskattas.
Skidmore, Monique. "Flying through a skyful of lies : survival strategies and the politics of fear in urban Myanmar (Burma)." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35670.
Full textAn important culturally constructed strategy of survival in Myanmar entails the detaching of agency from the body while the mind "flies" to freedom. This strategy has a long history not only in Burmese, but also in other Southeast Asian histories, myths, and legends. Just as Burmese wizards fly to a mythical landscape in the foothills of the Himalayas when released from their physical bodies, so too do heroin addicts, prostitutes, psychiatric patients, and the urban poor flee to Burmese fantasylands to escape the domination of the military regime. This strategy, one of many adopted by urban residents, denies the State the final prize it so desperately craves: the willing participation of Burmans in a military society, the complete internalization of totalitarian ideology such that no other ideologies can exist and no space is left for their creation and negotiation. In the conclusion I argue that the regime is aware that it has faded in this task.
I also examine the possibility that the existence of multiple Burmese worlds or realities, in conjunction with a strong belief in the miraculous may offer new ground for research into the trauma of survivors of violence and terror. The construction of madness, death, and reanimation in Burmese culture, grounds particular survival strategies in logical, hopeful, and perhaps curative, rationalities.
Skidmore, Monique. "Flying through a skyful of lies, survival strategies and the politics of fear in urban Myanmar, Burma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/NQ50073.pdf.
Full textQuina, Ana Cristina Corrula. "Da cibercultura ao product placement: A caracterização do protagonista em 007: "007 - contra Goldfinger", "007 - morre noutro dia" e "007 - skyfall"." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/22894.
Full textNowadays we are currently surrounded by advertising. It exists in all communication channels, but the advance of technology has led to an increase of communication tools, also brought tools that allow us to pass without being constantly the target of advertising. To circumvent these tools, such as the zapping effect or the advertising blockers, the brands had to choose new ways to promote themselves. They opted to invest their products in cinematographic productions, becoming the real sources of film financing. This technique of communication is called product placement, which is the insertion of brands in various forms, such as logos, products or even in the middle of the text, in a film production. To understand this advertising tool, we turn to a content analysis of three films whose main character is James Bond. Through this analysis, we intend to know how and what brands that are directly associated with the character and how they influence it.
Larsson, Per. "Samnyttjad mark och urbana allmänningar : En fallstudie av skyfallsanpassning i Malmö och Köpenhamn." Licentiate thesis, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-17686.
Full textBased on a case study, comparing the municipal storm water adaptation plans and its recent implementation in the twin cities of Malmö and Copenhagen, the dissertation analyse the possibilities and practical challenges of combined use of urban land. The continuing process of urban densification, where urban land is seen as a strictly limited and often contentious resource, accompanied by the challenge of climate change through an expected increase of precipitation and risk of urban flooding, provides the background for this study. The ultimate concern, however, is not on storm water adaptation as such, but on the opportunities and obstacles to combine different uses of land within the same area, and how local governments approach this issue. In the analysis, governance theories are used to elucidate obstacles to combined use of land on structural level as well as within its practical realisation. A comparison between the cities demonstrates that the institutional preconditions for combined land use differ, but also, that the difference is reinforced by the ability of the local governments to make use of public policy instruments in order to implement storm water adaptation through combined use of land. The analysis also draws upon commons theory and theories of urban commons. These fields of research have similarities with combined use of land regarding the need of institutional structures to govern land management without claiming ownership. Furthermore, the dissertation describes two forms of combined use of land in terms of urban commons. The first form views the urban commons as an object highlighting its material and institutional aspects. 16 Here, the urban commons forms a network of both public and private property, each one adapted to bring relief to the common sewage system, in order to avoid it from being flooded in case of cloudbursts. This form of urban commons constitutes an object where its parts are associated through its functional relatedness, but keeps its diverse ownership and management. The second form describes the urban commons as a process, where the opportunity to combine different land uses opens up for inclusive participation from the citizens. Through initiatives from citizens and encouragement from the municipality for citizens to participate in the planning of public space, social values are created and added to the local community. Values such as well-being, sense of security and belonging as well as other aspects of liveability. This citizen participation produces expressions of the urban commons as a process, while the object itself, the physical urban space, will continue to be regarded either as a municipally owned public resource, or as a common resource within private ownership. The opportunities of combined use of land is described in the dissertation as a largely uncharted potential to seek synergies and functional integration between land uses and functions in the urban space. Looking from a resource-based perspective, combined use of land is seen as a tool to bridge boundaries in the urban space. Both boundaries that are created through planning, and those created through division into property units, although, without challenging the rights of ownership nor the intentions of physical planning. Through the resource-based perspective, combined use of land is able to equip both public space and private property with opportunities to contribute with qualities to the city, that is, positive external effects. The main obstacles, as extracted from the case studies, are explained from a municipal institutional perspective and contains three main elements: a narrow sectional perspective, a strict division between public and private land, and the importance of public policy instruments. The dissertation concludes by indicating rich opportunities for both local governments and private property owners to develop urban space through developing combined use of land. This requires institutional 17 change towards collaboration and cooperation, not the least within the municipal organisation itself, where land can be considered the scarce resource it is, and therefore needs to be shared and used as beneficially as possible.
Graff, Gordon James. "Skyfarming." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6291.
Full text