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Ali, Mir Amaan, Kate T. Carroll, Robert C. Rennert, Thomas Hamelin, Leon Chang, Brian P. Lemkuil, Mayur Sharma, et al. "Stereotactic laser ablation as treatment for brain metastases that recur after stereotactic radiosurgery: a multiinstitutional experience." Neurosurgical Focus 41, no. 4 (October 2016): E11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.7.focus16227.
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OBJECTIVE Therapeutic options for brain metastases (BMs) that recur after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remain limited. METHODS The authors provide the collective experience of 4 institutions where treatment of BMs that recurred after SRS was performed with stereotactic laser ablation (SLA). RESULTS Twenty-six BMs (in 23 patients) that recurred after SRS were treated with SLA (2 patients each underwent 2 SLAs for separate lesions, and a third underwent 2 serial SLAs for discrete BMs). Histological findings in the BMs treated included the following: breast (n = 6); lung (n = 6); melanoma (n = 5); colon (n = 2); ovarian (n = 1); bladder (n = 1); esophageal (n = 1); and sarcoma (n = 1). With a median follow-up duration of 141 days (range 64–794 days), 9 of the SLA-treated BMs progressed despite treatment (35%). All cases of progression occurred in BMs in which < 80% ablation was achieved, whereas no disease progression was observed in BMs in which ≥ 80% ablation was achieved. Five BMs were treated with SLA, followed 1 month later by adjuvant SRS (5 Gy daily × 5 days). No disease progression was observed in these patients despite ablation efficiency of < 80%, suggesting that adjuvant hypofractionated SRS enhances the efficacy of SLA. Of the 23 SLA-treated patients, 3 suffered transient hemiparesis (13%), 1 developed hydrocephalus requiring temporary ventricular drainage (4%), and 1 patient who underwent SLA of a 28.9-cm3 lesion suffered a neurological deficit requiring an emergency hemicraniectomy (4%). Although there is significant heterogeneity in corticosteroid treatment post-SLA, most patients underwent a 2-week taper. CONCLUSIONS Stereotactic laser ablation is an effective treatment option for BMs in which SRS fails. Ablation of ≥ 80% of BMs is associated with decreased risk of disease progression. The efficacy of SLA in this setting may be augmented by adjuvant hypofractionated SRS.
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Rennert, Robert C., Kate T. Carroll, Mir Amaan Ali, Thomas Hamelin, Leon Chang, Brian P. Lemkuil, and Clark C. Chen. "Safety of stereotactic laser ablations performed as treatment for glioblastomas in a conventional magnetic resonance imaging suite." Neurosurgical Focus 41, no. 4 (October 2016): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.8.focus16217.
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OBJECTIVE Stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) is typically performed in the setting of intraoperative MRI or in a staged manner in which probe insertion is performed in the operating room and thermal ablation takes place in an MRI suite. METHODS The authors describe their experience, in which SLA for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment was performed entirely within a conventional MRI suite using the SmartFrame stereotactic device. RESULTS All 10 patients with GBM (2 with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation [mIDH1] and 8 with wild-type IDH1 [wtIDH1]) were followed for > 6 months. One of these patients underwent 2 independent SLAs approximately 12 months apart. Biopsies were performed prior to SLA for all patients. There were no perioperative morbidities, wound infections, or unplanned 30-day readmissions. The average time for a 3-trajectory SLA (n = 3) was 436 ± 102 minutes; for a 2-trajectory SLA (n = 4) was 321 ± 85 minutes; and for a single-trajectory SLA (n = 4) was 254 ± 28 minutes. No tumor recurrence occurred within the blue isotherm line ablation zone, although 2 patients experienced recurrence immediately adjacent to the blue isotherm ablation line. Overall survival for the patient cohort averaged 356 days, with the 2 patients who had mIDH1 GBMs exhibiting the longest survival (811 and 654 days). CONCLUSIONS Multitrajectory SLA for treatment of GBM can be safely performed using the SmartFrame stereotactic device in a conventional MRI suite.
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Stacey, Katryn J., and Jenefer M. Blackwell. "Immunostimulatory DNA as an Adjuvant in Vaccination against Leishmania major." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 3719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.8.3719-3726.1999.
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ABSTRACT Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) which contain immunostimulatory CG motifs (CpG ODN) can promote T helper 1 (Th1) responses, an adjuvant activity that is desirable for vaccination against leishmaniasis. To test this, susceptible BALB/c mice were vaccinated with soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) with or without CpG ODN as adjuvant and then challenged with Leishmania major metacyclic promastigotes. CpG ODN alone gave partial protection when injected up to 5 weeks prior to infection, and longer if the ODN was bound to alum. To demonstrate an antigen-specific adjuvant effect, a minimum of 6 weeks between vaccination and infection was required. Subcutaneous administration of SLA alone, SLA plus alum, or SLA plus non-CpG ODN resulted in exacerbated disease compared to unvaccinated mice. Mice receiving SLA plus CpG ODN showed a highly significant (P < 5 × 10−5) reduction in swelling compared to SLA-vaccinated mice and enhanced survival compared to unvaccinated mice. The modulation of the response to SLA by CpG ODN was maintained even when mice were infected 6 months after vaccination. CpG ODN was not an effective adjuvant for antibody production in response to SLA unless given together with alum, when it promoted production of immunoglobulin G2a, a Th1-associated isotype. Our results suggest that with an appropriate antigen, CpG ODN would provide a stable, cost-effective adjuvant for use in vaccination against leishmaniasis.
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Le Sage, Gregory Peter. "Thermal Frequency Drift of 3D Printed Microwave Components." Metals 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050580.
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Fabrication of microwave slot array antennas and waveguide bandpass and notch filters using 3D printing has significant advantages in terms of speed and cost even for parts with high mechanical complexity. One disadvantage of Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed, copper plated microwave components is that some SLA resins have a high Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), quoted in micrometers per meter per degree or 10−6 per degree. Compared to typically used metals such as aluminum (CTE 24 × 10−6·K−1) and copper (CTE 17 × 10−6·K−1), SLA resin can have CTE above 100 × 10−6·K−1. Resonant structures experience significant frequency drift with temperature changes on the order of 10–50 °C. The issue of 3D printed microwave structures changing frequency characteristics significantly with temperature shift has not been addressed or reviewed in current literature. We measured and simulated the effect of temperature change on a slot array, cavity notch filters, and post loaded waveguide bandpass filters. We tested several types of SLA resin, different plating techniques, and also Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and Binder Infusion metal 3D printing. Performance as a function of temperature is presented for these alternatives.
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Chen, Clark C., Robert Rennert, Usman Khan, Stephen B. Tatter, Melvin Field, Brian Toyota, Peter Edward Fecci, et al. "223 Procedural Safety of Stereotactic Laser Ablation (SLA) and Associated Hospital Stay: Outcome from the First Hundred Patient from LAANTERN Prospective Registry." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.223.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION We examined the procedural safety and length of hospital stay for patients who underwent stereotactic laser ablation (SLA). METHODS Patients undergoing stereotactic laser ablation were prospectively enrolled in the Laser Ablation of Abnormal Neurological Tissue using Robotic Neuroblate System (LAANTERN) registry. Data from the first 100 enrolled patients are presented. RESULTS >The demographic of the patient cohort consisted of 58% females and 42% males. The mean age and KPS of the cohort were 51 (±17) years and 83 (±15), respectively. 87% of the SLA-treated patients had undergone prior surgical or radiation treatment. In terms of indications, 84% of the SLAs were performed as treatment for brain tumor and 16% were performed as treatment for epilepsy. In terms of the procedure, 79% of the SLA patients underwent treatment of a single lesion. In 72% of the SLA treated patients, >90% of the target lesion was ablated. The average procedural time was 188.2 minutes (range: 48–368 minutes). The average blood loss per procedure was 17.7 cc (range: 0–300cc). In terms of hospitalization, the average length of Intensive Care stay was 38.1 hours (range 0335). The number of hours post-procedure before patient discharge was 61.1 hours (range 6–612). 85% of the patients were discharged home. There were 15 adverse events at the one-month follow-up (12%), with two events definitively related to the procedure (2%), including one patient with post-operative intraventricular hemorrhage and another with post-procedural gait compromise. CONCLUSION SLA is a minimally invasive procedure with favorable profile in terms of safety and hospital length of stay.
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Kusza, S., L. Flori, Y. Gao, A. Teillaud, R. Hu, G. Lemonnier, Z. Bősze, E. Bourneuf, S. Vincent-Naulleau, and C. Rogel-Gaillard. "Transcription specificity of the class Ib genes SLA-6, SLA-7 and SLA-8 of the swine major histocompatibility complex and comparison with class Ia genes." Animal Genetics 42, no. 5 (February 1, 2011): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02170.x.
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Nieuwhof, M., F. Garretsen, and J. C. van Oeveren. "Growth analyses of tomato genotypes grown under low energy conditions." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 39, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v39i3.16541.
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Growth analyses were carried out on young plants of 15 genotypes, grown initially at 19/14 degrees C day/night temperatures for an 8 h day at low light intensity and subsequently at the night temperatures of 6, 10 and 14 degrees C. Significant genotypic differences occurred for relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf weight ratio (LWR). RGR, LAR and SLA increased and LWR decreased at higher night temperatures. A strong negative correlation was observed between NAR and LAR and NAR and SLA whilst a positive correlation was noted between LAR and SLA. Plant weight was strongly influenced by seed size. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Chavoshian, Omid, Mahdieh Arabsalmani, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Ali Khamesipour, Azam Abbasi, Zahra Saberi, and Ali Badiee. "A Phospholipase-A Activity in Soluble Leishmania Antigens Causes Instability of Liposomes." Current Drug Delivery 17, no. 9 (October 27, 2020): 806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201817666200731164002.
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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the existence of phospholipase-A (PLA) activity in Soluble L. major Antigens (SLA) because of no reports for it so far. Liposomes were used as sensors to evaluate PLA activity. Objective: Liposomal SLA consisting of Egg Phosphatidylcholine (EPC) or Sphingomyelin (SM) were prepared by two different methods in different pH or temperatures and characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Methods: Lipid hydrolysis led to the disruption of EPC liposomal SLA in both methods but the Film Method (FM) produced more stable liposomes than the Detergent Removal Method (DRM). Results: The preparation of EPC liposomal SLA at pH 6 via FM protected liposomes from hydrolysis to some extent for a short time. EPC liposomes but not SM liposomes were disrupted in the presence of SLA. Conclusion: Therefore, a phospholipid without ester bond such as SM should be utilized in liposome formulations containing PLA as an encapsulating protein.
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Rawson, HM, PA Gardner, and MJ Long. "Sources of Variation in Specific Leaf Area in Wheat Grown at High Temperature." Functional Plant Biology 14, no. 3 (1987): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9870287.
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In the belief that specific leaf area (SLA, cm2 g1 dry weight) may be correlated with plant growth rate under certain conditions, and thus may be used in selecting genotypes for high growth rates, studies were commenced to examine the main sources of variation in SLA. In most studies, wheat plants were grown in controlled environments with high mean temperature and vapour pressure deficit and with varying radiation regimes. All environmental variables followed cosine patterns which in amplitude mimicked field conditions. Specific leaf area varied depending on: (1) location along a leaf: it decreased from tip to base by some 35%; (2) leaf age: SLA declined between leaf appearance and 10-12 days later then, after a plateau of varying length, it rose again; (3) leaf insertion: SLA of the flag leaf was the most stable with leaf age; (4) plant density: in canopies the final rise in SLA with leaf age occurred earlier than in spaced plants; (5) radiation: SLA declined at approximately 4 cm2 g-1 for each mol quanta m-2 day-1 increase in radiation; (6) genotype: SLA differed among genotypes and the ranking was unchanged by changes in radiation. In two genotypes studied in detail, higher SLA equated with faster leaf area production and larger leaves, but not with chlorophyll content per unit area, stornatal frequency or net CO2 exchange rate per unit area (CER), though it was noted that both SLA and CER changed inversely with leaf aging after the leaf was fully expanded. The importance of SLA in active (positive and negative) and passive roles in plant growth is discussed.
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Pena-Pino, Isabela, Jun Ma, Yusuki Hori, Elena Fomchenko, Kathryn Dusenbery, Margaret Reynolds, Christopher Wilke, et al. "SURG-02. Stereotactic Laser Ablation (SLA) followed by consolidation stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as a treatment strategy for brain metastasis that recurred locally after initial radiosurgery (BMRS): a collaborative institutional experience." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_3 (August 1, 2021): iii23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab071.095.
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Abstract Introduction In independent clinical trials, ~30% of brain metastases recur locally after radiosurgery (BMRS). For these lesions, treatment with stereotactic laser ablation (SLA, also known as laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT)) alone achieves a 12-month local control (LC12) of 54–85% while repeat SRS achieved LC12 of 54–79%. Here, we report favorable outcomes for BMRS treated with SLA followed by consolidation radiosurgery (SLA/cSRS). Methods Clinical outcome of 18 patients with 19 histologically confirmed BMRS treated with SLA followed by consolidation SRS and >3 months follow-up were collected retrospectively across three institutions. Local control was defined as stability or decrease in contrast-enhancing (CE) and FLAIR volume. Results SLA achieved ablation of 73–100% of the BMRS CE volumes. Consolidation hypo-fractionated radiosurgery (5 Gy x 5 or 6 Gy x 5) was carried out 16–40 days post-SLA (median of 26 days). With a median follow-up of 185 days (range: 93–1367 days) and median overall survival (OS) of 185 days (range: 99–1367 days), 100% LC12 was achieved. 13/18 (72%) patients that required steroid therapy prior to SLA/cSRS were successfully weaned off steroid by three months post-SLA/cSRS. Post-SLA, KPS declined for 3/19 (16%) patients and improved for 1/19 (5%) patients. No KPS changes occurred subsequent to consolidation SRS. There were no 30-day mortalities or wound complications. Two patients required re-admission within 30 days of SRS (severe headache that resolved with steroid therapy (n=1) and new-onset seizure (n=1)). Except for two patients who suffered histologically confirmed, local failure at 649 and 899 days, all other patients are either alive (n=5) or died from systemic disease progression (n=11). None of the treated patients developed symptomatic radiation necrosis. Conclusions This collaborative institutional experience support efficacy and safety of SLA followed by consolidation SRS as a treatment for BMRS. The treatment strategy warrants further investigations.
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Rodrigo, Daniel, Gustavo Cabello, Mariano Herrero, David Gonzalez, Federico Herrero, Luis Aracil, Sergio Morante, et al. "Retrospective Multicenter Study of 230 6-mm SLA-Surfaced Implants with 1- to 6-Year Follow-Up." International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 28, no. 5 (2013): 1331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/jomi.3129.
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Gagliardi, Alexia G., Patrick M. Carry, Harin B. Parikh, Jessica L. Traver, David R. Howell, and Jay C. Albright. "ACL Repair With Suture Ligament Augmentation Is Associated With a High Failure Rate Among Adolescent Patients." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518825255.
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Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair technique avoids graft harvest and therefore the risk of donor site morbidity. However, early failure rates after ACL repair with suture ligament augmentation (SLA) remain high. Purpose: To compare surgical failure, functional outcomes, return to sport, and joint laxity between adolescents who underwent ACL repair with SLA and those who underwent ACL reconstruction with quadriceps tendon–patellar bone autograft (QPA). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Adolescent patients (7-18 years old) underwent ACL repair with SLA or ACL reconstruction with QPA. The authors collected data from those who had postoperative information pertaining to repaired ligament or graft failure, range of motion, complications, and return to sport at a minimum of 6 months after surgery. Participants were contacted after surgery to complete study questionnaires. Results: The cohort included 22 consecutive patients in the SLA group and 157 in the QPA group. The median duration of follow-up was 2.7 years (interquartile range, 2.0-3.6 years) in the QPA group and 3.2 years (2.2-3.4 years) in the SLA group. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, and time from injury to surgery, the hazard of graft failure in the SLA group was 10.66 times (95% CI, 3.41-32.92; P < .0001) that of the QPA group. The cumulative incidence of graft failure in the first 3 years after surgery was 48.8% (95% CI, 28.9%-73.1%) in the SLA group, as opposed to 4.7% (2.1%-10.3%) in the QPA group. There was no difference in return to sport between the groups. Among individuals who did not rerupture their ACL, International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores were comparable between the groups, as well as range of motion. Conclusion: The risk of failure was significantly increased in the SLA group relative to the QPA group. The high risk of failure for the SLA group in this short-term follow-up should be considered when selecting the treatment for adolescent patients with an ACL injury.
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McCracken, D. Jay, Jon T. Willie, Brad A. Fernald, Amit M. Saindane, Daniel L. Drane, Daniel L. Barrow, and Robert E. Gross. "Magnetic Resonance Thermometry-Guided Stereotactic Laser Ablation of Cavernous Malformations in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Imaging and Clinical Results." Operative Neurosurgery 12, no. 1 (September 25, 2015): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000001033.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Surgery is indicated for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) that cause medically refractory epilepsy. Real-time magnetic resonance thermography (MRT)-guided stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) is a minimally invasive approach to treating focal brain lesions. SLA of CCM has not previously been described. OBJECTIVE To describe MRT-guided SLA, a novel approach to treating CCM-related epilepsy, with respect to feasibility, safety, imaging, and seizure control in 5 consecutive patients. METHODS Five patients with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing standard presurgical evaluation were found to have corresponding lesions fulfilling imaging characteristics of CCM and were prospectively enrolled. Each underwent stereotactic placement of a saline-cooled cannula containing an optical fiber to deliver 980-nm diode laser energy via twist drill craniostomy. MR anatomic imaging was used to evaluate targeting before ablation. MR imaging provided evaluation of targeting and near real-time feedback regarding the extent of tissue thermocoagulation. Patients maintained seizure diaries, and remote imaging (6-21 months postablation) was obtained in all patients. RESULTS Imaging revealed no evidence of acute hemorrhage following fiber placement within presumed CCM. MRT during treatment and immediate postprocedure imaging confirmed the desired extent of ablation. We identified no adverse events or neurological deficits. Four of 5 (80%) patients achieved freedom from disabling seizures after SLA alone (Engel class 1 outcome), with follow-up ranging 12 to 28 months. Reimaging of all subjects (6-21 months) indicated lesion diminution with surrounding liquefactive necrosis, consistent with the surgical goal of extended lesionotomy. CONCLUSION Minimally invasive MRT-guided SLA of epileptogenic CCM is a potentially safe and effective alternative to open resection. Additional experience and longer follow-up are needed.
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Sérazin, Guillaume, Thierry Penduff, Sandy Grégorio, Bernard Barnier, Jean-Marc Molines, and Laurent Terray. "Intrinsic Variability of Sea Level from Global Ocean Simulations: Spatiotemporal Scales." Journal of Climate 28, no. 10 (May 12, 2015): 4279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00554.1.
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Abstract In high-resolution ocean general circulation models (OGCMs), as in process-oriented models, a substantial amount of interannual to decadal variability is generated spontaneously by oceanic nonlinearities: that is, without any variability in the atmospheric forcing at these time scales. The authors investigate the temporal and spatial scales at which this intrinsic oceanic variability has the strongest imprints on sea level anomalies (SLAs) using a ° global OGCM, by comparing a “hindcast” driven by the full range of atmospheric time scales with its counterpart forced by a repeated climatological atmospheric seasonal cycle. Outputs from both simulations are compared within distinct frequency–wavenumber bins. The fully forced hindcast is shown to reproduce the observed distribution and magnitude of low-frequency SLA variability very accurately. The small-scale (L < 6°) SLA variance is, at all time scales, barely sensitive to atmospheric variability and is almost entirely of intrinsic origin. The high-frequency (mesoscale) part and the low-frequency part of this small-scale variability have almost identical geographical distributions, supporting the hypothesis of a nonlinear temporal inverse cascade spontaneously transferring kinetic energy from high to low frequencies. The large-scale (L > 12°) low-frequency variability is mostly related to the atmospheric variability over most of the global ocean, but it is shown to remain largely intrinsic in three eddy-active regions: the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Compared to its ¼° predecessor, the authors’ ° OGCM is shown to yield a stronger intrinsic SLA variability, at both mesoscale and low frequencies.
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Zhang, Bei-Li, Erika Zannou, and Frédéric Sannajust. "Effects of photoperiod reduction on rat circadian rhythms of BP, heart rate, and locomotor activity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): R169—R178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.1.r169.
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The effects of a photoperiod reduction in the entrainment of circadian rhythms of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) were determined in conscious Wistar rats by using radiotelemetry. Two groups of seven rats were maintained in a 12:12-h light-dark (12L/12D) photoperiod for 11 wk and then placed in a reduced photoperiod of 8:16-h light-dark (8L/16D) by advancing a 4-h darkness or by advancing and delaying a 2-h darkness for 6 wk. Finally, they were resynchronized to 12L/12D. Advancing a 4-h dark phase induced a 1-h advance of acrophase for SBP, DBP, and HR, but not for SLA. The percent rhythm, amplitude, and the 12-h mean values of all parameters were significantly decreased by the photoperiod reduction. When symmetrically advancing and delaying a 2-h dark phase, a 1 h 20 min delay of acrophases and a decrease in percent rhythms and amplitudes of SBP, DBP, HR, and SLA were observed. Only the 12-h mean values of HR and SLA were decreased. Our findings show that the cardiovascular parameters differ from SLA in phase-shift response to photoperiod reduction and that the adjustment of circadian rhythms to change from 12L/12D to 8L/16D photoperiod depends on the direction of the extension of the dark period.
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Leesungbok, Richard, Su-Jin Ahn, Suk-Won Lee, Geon-Ho Park, Joo-Sung Kang, and Jung-Joo Choi. "The Effects of a Static Magnetic Field on Bone Formation Around a Sandblasted, Large-Grit, Acid-Etched–Treated Titanium Implant." Journal of Oral Implantology 39, S1 (May 1, 2013): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00101.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the bone formation around commercial sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA)–treated titanium implants with or without a neodymium magnet in a rabbit tibia through histomorphometric analysis. Commercial SLA-treated implants with or without neodymium magnets were placed in 10 rabbits. After incising the flat part of the rabbit's tibia and installation of the specimens of titanium implants, the nonmagnet group was stitched without magnet insertion. On the other hand, the magnet group was inserted with neodymium magnet, fixed with pattern resin, and stitched. At 3 and 6 weeks after surgery, the animals were sacrificed, and the specimens were obtained. Undecalcified specimens were prepared for histomorphometric analysis of the bone-to-implant contact ratio (BIC) and bone volume (BV). The histomorphometric findings of the cortical bone showed that the mean BVs of the magnet group (3 weeks, 75.99%; 6 weeks, 82.94%) were higher than those of the nonmagnet group (3 weeks, 74.58%; 6 weeks, 78.75%), but there were no significant differences between the 2 groups (P > .05). In the marrow bone, the mean BICs of the magnet group (3 weeks, 10.36%; 6 weeks, 10.41%) were higher than those of the nonmagnet group (3 weeks, 6.41%; 6 weeks, 7.36%). After 3 weeks of installation, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P < .05). In rabbit tibia, the SLA-treated titanium implants with a neodymium magnet can trigger faster early peri-implant bone formation than those without a magnet.
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Feng, Zuying, Yan Li, Liang Hao, Yihu Yang, Tian Tang, Danna Tang, and Wei Xiong. "Graphene-Reinforced Biodegradable Resin Composites for Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Bone Structure Scaffolds." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 11, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9710264.
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A biodegradable UV-cured resin has been fabricated via stereolithography apparatus (SLA). The formulation consists of a commercial polyurethane resin as an oligomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a reactive diluent and phenylbis (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (Irgacure 819) as a photoinitiator. The tensile strength of the three-dimensional (3D) printed specimens is 68 MPa, 62% higher than that of the reference specimens (produced by direct casting). The flexural strength and modulus can reach 115 MPa and 5.8 GPa, respectively. A solvent-free method is applied to fabricate graphene-reinforced nanocomposite. Porous bone structures (a jawbone with a square architecture and a sternum with a round architecture) and gyroid scaffold of graphene-reinforced nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering have been 3D printed via SLA. The UV-crosslinkable graphene-reinforced biodegradable nanocomposite using SLA 3D printing technology can potentially remove important cost barriers for personalized biological tissue engineering as compared to the traditional mould-based multistep methods.
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Zaron, Edward D. "Predictability of non-phase-locked baroclinic tides in the Caribbean Sea." Ocean Science 15, no. 5 (October 2, 2019): 1287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1287-2019.
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Abstract. The predictability of the sea surface height expression of baroclinic tides is examined with 96 h forecasts produced by the AMSEAS operational forecast model during 2013–2014. The phase-locked tide, both barotropic and baroclinic, is identified by harmonic analysis of the 2-year record and found to agree well with observations from tide gauges and satellite altimetry within the Caribbean Sea. The non-phase-locked baroclinic tide, which is created by time-variable mesoscale stratification and currents, may be identified from residual sea level anomalies (SLAs) near the tidal frequencies. The predictability of the non-phase-locked tide is assessed by measuring the difference between a forecast – centered at T+36, T+60, or T+84 h – and the model's later verifying analysis for the same time. Within the Caribbean Sea, where a baroclinic tidal sea level range of ±5 cm is typical, the forecast error for the non-phase-locked tidal SLA is correlated with the forecast error for the subtidal (mesoscale) SLA. Root mean square values of the former range from 0.5 to 2 cm, while the latter ranges from 1 to 6 cm, for a typical 84 h forecast. The spatial and temporal variability of the forecast error is related to the dynamical origins of the non-phase-locked tide and is briefly surveyed within the model.
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Abu-Saad, Kathleen, Havi Murad, Rivka Barid, Liraz Olmer, Arnona Ziv, Nuha Younis-Zeidan, Vered Kaufman-Shriqui, et al. "Development and Efficacy of an Electronic, Culturally Adapted Lifestyle Counseling Tool for Improving Diabetes-Related Dietary Knowledge: Randomized Controlled Trial Among Ethnic Minority Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): e13674. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13674.
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Background Ethnic minority populations exhibit disproportionately high rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Electronic health tools have the potential to facilitate the cultural adaptation and tailoring of T2DM education to improve the knowledge and management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective This study aimed (1) to develop an adaptable Interactive Lifestyle Assessment, Counseling, and Education (I-ACE) software to support dietitian-delivered lifestyle counseling among low-socioeconomic status (SES) ethnic minority patients with T2DM and (2) to evaluate its effect on DM-related dietary knowledge and management compared with standard lifestyle advice (SLA) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods The I-ACE software, developed in consultation with clinical dieticians, incorporates evidence-based dietary and physical activity (PA) recommendations and educational materials. The features and behavioral change techniques include quantitative lifestyle (dietary intake and PA) assessment and simulation, individually tailored education and recommendations, motivational interviewing, and goal setting. For the unblinded pilot RCT, 50 overweight or obese Arab adults (aged 40-62 years) with poorly controlled T2DM were recruited from primary care clinics and randomly assigned to receive 4 in-person, dietician-delivered counseling sessions over 6 months using either (1) the I-ACE tool (experimental arm) or (2) the SLA methods (comparison arm). All outcome assessments were face-to-face. DM-related dietary knowledge (primary outcome) was measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Lifestyle and other parameters were measured before, during, and after the intervention. Multiple linear regression and repeated measures linear mixed models were used to compare the changes in study outcomes and explore time trends in between-group and within-group changes. Results A total of 25 participants were enrolled in each arm, of whom 24 and 21 completed the final assessment of the primary outcome in the I-ACE and SLA arms, respectively. DM-related lifestyle knowledge increased more rapidly in the I-ACE arm than in the SLA arm (P value for study arm×time interaction=.02). Within the I-ACE arm, the mean (SE) differences in added sugar and dietary fiber intakes from baseline to 12 months were −2.6% (SE 1.0%) of total energy (P=.03) and 2.7 (SE 0.0) g/1000 kcal (P=.003), respectively. The odds of engaging in any leisure PA at 12 months tended to be higher in the I-ACE arm versus SLA arm, but did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio 2.8; 95% CI 0.7-11.6; P=.16). Both arms exhibited significant reductions in HbA1c (P value for change over time <.001). Conclusions The use of the I-ACE software in a 6-month, 4-session dietician-delivered lifestyle counseling intervention improved the efficiency of lifestyle education, compared with SLA, among low-SES, ethnic minority patients with T2DM. This pilot trial provides justification for conducting a large-scale trial to evaluate its effectiveness and applicability in routine clinical care among ethnically diverse populations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01858506; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01858506.
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Barnes, Ethann R., Amit J. Jhala, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Peter H. Sikkema, and John L. Lindquist. "Soybean and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) growth in monoculture and mixture." Weed Technology 33, no. 03 (March 13, 2019): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.119.
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AbstractUnderstanding how plants alter their growth in response to interplant competition is an overlooked but complex problem. Previous studies have characterized the effect of light and water stress on soybean or common ragweed growth in monoculture, but no study has characterized soybean and common ragweed growth in mixture. A field study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln to characterize the growth response of soybean and common ragweed with different irrigation levels and intraspecific and interspecific interference. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with irrigation level (0, 50%, 100% replacement of simulated evapotranspiration) as the main plot and common ragweed density (0, 2, 6, 12 plants m−1 row) as the subplot. Crop- and weed-free controls and three mixture treatments were included as subplots. Periodic destructive samples of leaf area and biomass of different organ groups were collected, and leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass partitioning, specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio (LAR) were calculated. Additionally, soybean and common ragweed yield were harvested, and 100-seed weight and seed production were determined. Soybean did not alter biomass partitioning, SLA, or LAR in mixture with common ragweed. Soybean LAI, biomass, and seed size were affected by increasing common ragweed density. Conversely, common ragweed partitioned less new biomass to leaves and increased SLA in response to increased interference. Common ragweed LAI, biomass, and seed number were reduced by the presence of soybean and increasing common ragweed density; however, seed weight was not affected. Results show that adjustment in biomass partitioning, SLA, and LAR is not the method that soybean uses to remain plastic under competition for light. Common ragweed demonstrated plasticity in both biomass partitioning and SLA, indicating an ability to maintain productivity under intra- and inter-specific competition for light or soil resources.
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Dietrich, Christian Andreas, Andreas Ender, Stefan Baumgartner, and Albert Mehl. "A validation study of reconstructed rapid prototyping models produced by two technologies." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/01091-727.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the accuracy (trueness and precision) of two different rapid prototyping (RP) techniques for the physical reproduction of three-dimensional (3D) digital orthodontic study casts, a comparative assessment using two 3D STL files of two different maxillary dentitions (two cases) as a reference was accomplished. Materials and Methods: Five RP replicas per case were fabricated using both stereolithography (SLA) and the PolyJet system. The 20 reproduced casts were digitized with a highly accurate reference scanner, and surface superimpositions were performed. Precision was measured by superimposing the digitized replicas within each case with themselves. Superimposing the digitized replicas with the corresponding STL reference files assessed trueness. Statistical significance between the two tested RP procedures was evaluated with independent-sample t-tests (P < .05). Results: The SLA and PolyJet replicas showed statistically significant differences for trueness and precision. The precision of both tested RP systems was high, with mean deviations in stereolithographic models of 23 (±6) μm and in PolyJet replicas of 46 (±13) μm. The mean deviation for trueness in stereolithographic replicas was 109 (±4) μm, while in PolyJet replicas, it was 66 (±14) μm. Conclusions: Comparing the STL reference files, the PolyJet replicas showed higher trueness than the SLA models. But the precision measurements favored the SLA technique. The dimensional errors observed in this study were a maximum of 127 μm. In the present study, both types of reproduced digital orthodontic models are suitable for diagnostics and treatment planning.
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Lorenc-Kubis, Irena, Agnieszka Łopuska, and Magellan Kalinowska. "Immunologically related lectins from stems and roots of developing seedlings of Cucurbita ficifolia: purification and some properties of root and stem lectins." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 70, no. 1 (2014): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2001.005.
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Hemagglutinating activity has been found in acetate extracts from roots and stems of squash seedlings (<em>Cucurbita ficifolia</em>). The hemaglutinating activity changes during seeds germination and seedling development. Dot blot and Western blot techniques have shown that proteins from these vegetative tissues cross-reacted with antibodies raised against endogenous cotyledons lectin CLBa and Con A.Lectins were isolated from stems and roots of 6-day old seedlings by precipitation with ethanol, affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose, gel filtration on Bio-gel P100 and separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Three purified lectins (RLA<sub>1</sub>, RLA<sub>2</sub>, RLA<sub>3</sub>) were obtained from roots and four from stems (SLA<sub>1</sub>, SLA<sub>2</sub>, SLA<sub>3</sub>, SLA<sub>4</sub>). The purified lectins from roots and stems agglutinated all human red blood cells, but sheep erythrocytes were most sensitive to agglutination. The hemagglutination of the root lectins RLA<sub>2</sub> and RLA<sub>3</sub> was inhibited by a very low concentration of arabinose, while RLA<sub>1</sub>, of xylose and Ga1NAc. Arabinose and Xylose were also found to be the most effective inhibitors of all stem lectins.
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Daly, Lauren T., Michael C. Daly, Amin Mohamadi, and Neal Chen. "Chronic Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament Disruption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Surgical Treatments." HAND 15, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718787289.
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Background: Although many techniques have been described, there is no clear optimal surgical treatment for chronic scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) disruption. Methods: We identified 255 articles reporting outcomes of SLIL reconstruction. Of these, 40 studies (978 wrists) met eligibility requirements and reported sufficient data on radiographic outcomes to be included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of preoperative and follow-up assessments including scapholunate gap (SLG) and scapholunate angle (SLA) were used to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For other radiographic or clinical outcomes, there were not enough reported data to calculate a pooled effect size, and pooled nonstandardized comparisons were made. Results: The SMD between preoperative and postoperative SLA in tenodesis reconstruction was 0.7 (CI, 0.29 to 1.11, P = .001) and 0.04 (CI, –0.27 to 0.38, P = .8) for capsulodesis reconstruction. For SLG, tenodesis demonstrated an SMD of 1.1 (CI, 0.6 to 1.55, P < .001) compared with 0.1 (CI, –0.36 to 0.59, P = .6) for capsulodesis reconstruction. Tenodesis had a significant improvement compared with capsulodesis in SLA ( P = .01) and SLG ( P = .005). Tenodesis also showed improvement in grip strength and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores. Conclusions: Comparing preoperative and postoperative radiographic measurements, tenodesis reconstruction demonstrated significantly improved SLG and SLA relative to capsulodesis. Interpreted in the context of the limitations, existing data demonstrates some benefit of tenodesis reconstruction.
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Young, Richard. "Input and Interaction." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 9 (March 1988): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500000842.
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The role that input plays in second language learning and the interactions between learners and other speakers of the language which provide some of that input are two of the most discussed topics in the contemporary field of second language acquisition [SLA]. Several surveys of the considerable body of literature on input and interaction have appeared recent books on SLA (Hatch 1983a ch. 9, Ellis 1985a ch. 6, Young and Doughty 1987, Chaudron 1988 chs. 3–5) and two collections of papers on input and interaction research have been published (Gass and Madden 1985, Day 1986). This essay will outline the main issues which have emerged form this scholarship and comment on some of the more important theroretical and empirical papers.
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Liu, Weizhen, Bing Du, Lei Zhou, Qin Wang, and Jingyi Wu. "Ultraviolet Functionalization Improved Bone Integration on Titanium Surfaces by Fluorescent Analysis in Rabbit Calvarium." Journal of Oral Implantology 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-17-00009.
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This study evaluated the effect of ultraviolet functionalization (UV) on bone integration ability in rabbit model, using epifluorescence microscopy. Each of 12 rabbits (n = 6) received randomly four titanium domes prepared with or without ultraviolet for 48 hours (UVC, λ = 250 ± 20 nm; Philips, Tokyo, Japan): (1) turned surface (T), (2) turned surface with UV (T-UV), (3) sandblasted (120 μm aluminum oxide) and etched by 18% hydrochloric acid and 49% sulphuric acid at 60°C for 30 min (SLA) and (4) SLA surface with UV (SLA-UV). Fluorochrome bone labels were marked by oxytetracycline at 25 mg/kg on 13th days and 14th days and calcein at 5 mg/kg on 3th days and 4th days before euthanization. The study samples were sacrified at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The undecalcified specimens were prepared. The newly formed total bone of cross-sectional area (TB, %), the mineralized trabecular bone of cross-sectional area (MB, %), and the new bone and dome contact (BDC, %) were measured and analyzed by fluorescence microscope and Image Pro Express 6.0. The data of MB and TB showed new bone regeneration was increased in all groups, but no signs of difference were found. However, the means BDC of UV treatment on turned surface at 4 weeks, the UV treated on SLA surface at 2 weeks and 4 weeks were statistically significantly higher than the control group (P < .05). Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that ultraviolet functionalization on the titanium surface could enhance the new bone tissues and titanium surface integration.
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Galler, Anne M. "Editorial." Education Libraries 16, no. 3 (September 5, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/el.v16i3.33.
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We are pleased to include two excellent papers which were presented at the Education Division sessions during the 1992 SLA Conference held in San Francisco (June 6-11 ). The first speaker, Dr. John V. Ogbu, is an eminent anthropologist, with degrees from Nigeria, Zambia, Princeton and the University of California where he obtained his Ph.D in Anthropology in 1971. (...)
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Kim, Nam-Ho, So-Hyoun Lee, Jae-Jun Ryu, Kyung-Hee Choi, and Jung-Bo Huh. "Effects of rhBMP-2 on Sandblasted and Acid Etched Titanium Implant Surfaces on Bone Regeneration and Osseointegration: Spilt-Mouth Designed Pilot Study." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/459393.
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This study was conducted to evaluate effects of rhBMP-2 applied at different concentrations to sandblasted and acid etched (SLA) implants on osseointegration and bone regeneration in a bone defect of beagle dogs as pilot study using split-mouth design.Methods. For experimental groups, SLA implants were coated with different concentrations of rhBMP-2 (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL). After assessment of surface characteristics and rhBMP-2 releasing profile, the experimental groups and untreated control groups (n= 6 in each group, two animals in each group) were placed in split-mouth designed animal models with buccal open defect. At 8 weeks after implant placement, implant stability quotients (ISQ) values were recorded and vertical bone height (VBH, mm), bone-to-implant contact ratio (BIC, %), and bone volume (BV, %) in the upper 3 mm defect areas were measured.Results. The ISQ values were highest in the 1.0 group. Mean values of VBH (mm), BIC (%), and BV (%) were greater in the 0.5 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL groups than those in 0.1 and control groups in buccal defect areas.Conclusion. In the open defect area surrounding the SLA implant, coating with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL concentrations of rhBMP-2 was more effective, compared with untreated group, in promoting bone regeneration and osseointegration.
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Lina Aris Ficayuma, Faishol Hadi, and Achmad Anang Darmawan. "Pelatihan Bahasa Inggris Menggunakan Birkenbhil Method Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Receptive Skill Siswa Kelas VII SMP IT Insan Kamil Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur." JURPIKAT (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) 2, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.37339/jurpikat.v2i1.533.
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English camp dengan beragam learning platform yang dilaksanakan pada 07 September- 04 Oktober 2020 bertujuan melatih peserta didik kelas VII SMP IT Insan Kamil Sidoarjo belajar meningkatkan kemampuan Bahasa Inggris dengan metode birkhenbhil. 133 peserta didik, 12 wali kelas, 12 pengajar Global English, 12 mahasiswa, orang tua, dan 6 dosen Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP Al Hikmah Surabaya telah terlibat. Materi utama menggunakan modul metode birkenbhil; dan modul speaking and grammar untuk active writing dan speaking. Asesmen berupa portfolio harian. Kegiatan amaliyah juga disertakan untuk penanaman character building. Fokus penelitian adalah dampak pelatihan kegiatan decoding text, reading aloud, dan fill in the blank dengan metode birkenbhil terhadap receptive skill dalam SLA. Ada 3 hasil utama yang ditemukan yaitu 1) laki-laki lebih unggul pada penguasan kosakata di decoding dan active listening, 2) perempuan lebih unggul pada comprehending the text, dan 3) pengaruh usia peserta didik berpengaruh pada proses SLA
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Felux, Ann-Katrin, Dieter Spiteller, Janosch Klebensberger, and David Schleheck. "Entner–Doudoroff pathway for sulfoquinovose degradation in Pseudomonas putida SQ1." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 31 (July 20, 2015): E4298—E4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1507049112.
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Sulfoquinovose (SQ; 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) is the polar head group of the plant sulfolipid SQ-diacylglycerol, and SQ comprises a major proportion of the organosulfur in nature, where it is degraded by bacteria. A first degradation pathway for SQ has been demonstrated recently, a “sulfoglycolytic” pathway, in addition to the classical glycolytic (Embden–Meyerhof) pathway in Escherichia coli K-12; half of the carbon of SQ is abstracted as dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) and used for growth, whereas a C3-organosulfonate, 2,3-dihydroxypropane sulfonate (DHPS), is excreted. The environmental isolate Pseudomonas putida SQ1 is also able to use SQ for growth, and excretes a different C3-organosulfonate, 3-sulfolactate (SL). In this study, we revealed the catabolic pathway for SQ in P. putida SQ1 through differential proteomics and transcriptional analyses, by in vitro reconstitution of the complete pathway by five heterologously produced enzymes, and by identification of all four organosulfonate intermediates. The pathway follows a reaction sequence analogous to the Entner–Doudoroff pathway for glucose-6-phosphate: It involves an NAD+-dependent SQ dehydrogenase, 6-deoxy-6-sulfogluconolactone (SGL) lactonase, 6-deoxy-6-sulfogluconate (SG) dehydratase, and 2-keto-3,6-dideoxy-6-sulfogluconate (KDSG) aldolase. The aldolase reaction yields pyruvate, which supports growth of P. putida, and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA), which is oxidized to SL by an NAD(P)+-dependent SLA dehydrogenase. All five enzymes are encoded in a single gene cluster that includes, for example, genes for transport and regulation. Homologous gene clusters were found in genomes of other P. putida strains, in other gamma-Proteobacteria, and in beta- and alpha-Proteobacteria, for example, in genomes of Enterobacteria, Vibrio, and Halomonas species, and in typical soil bacteria, such as Burkholderia, Herbaspirillum, and Rhizobium.
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Roccuzzo, Mario, and Thomas G. Wilson. "A prospective study evaluating a protocol for 6 weeks' loading of SLA implants in the posterior maxilla." Clinical Oral Implants Research 13, no. 5 (October 2002): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2002.130509.x.
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Johnstone, Patti M., Kelly R. Yeager, Marnie L. Pomeroy, and Nicole Hawk. "Open-Fit Domes and Children with Bilateral High-Frequency Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Benefits and Outcomes." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 04 (April 2018): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.17008.
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AbstractOpen-fit domes (OFDs) coupled with behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids were designed for adult listeners with moderate-to-severe bilateral high-frequency hearing loss (BHFL) with little to no concurrent loss in the lower frequencies. Adult research shows that BHFL degrades sound localization accuracy (SLA) and that BTE hearing aids with conventional earmolds (CEs) make matters worse. In contrast, research has shown that OFDs enhance spatial hearing percepts in adults with BHFL. Although the benefits of OFDs have been studied in adults with BHFL, no published studies to date have investigated the use of OFDs in children with the same hearing loss configuration. This study seeks to use SLA measurements to assess efficacy of bilateral OFDs in children with BHFL.To measure SLA in children with BHFL to determine the extent to which hearing loss, age, duration of CE use, and OFDs affect localization accuracy.A within-participant experimental design using repeated measures was used to determine the effect of OFDs on localization accuracy in children with BHFL. A between-participant experimental design was used to compare localization accuracy between children with BHFL and age-matched controls with normal hearing (NH).Eighteen children with BHFL who used CE and 18 age-matched NH controls. Children in both groups were divided into two age groups: older children (10–16 yr) and younger children (6–9 yr).All testing was done in a sound-treated booth with a horizontal array of 15 loudspeakers (radius of 1 m). The stimulus was a spondee word, “baseball”: the level averaged 60 dB SPL and randomly roved (±8 dB). Each child was asked to identify the location of a sound source. Localization error was calculated across the loudspeaker array for each listening condition.A significant interaction was found between immediate benefit from OFD and duration of CE usage. Longer CE usage was associated with degraded localization accuracy using OFDs. Regardless of chronological age, children who had used CEs for <6 yr showed immediate localization benefit using OFDs, whereas children who had used CEs for >6 yr showed immediate localization interference using OFDs. Development, however, may play a role in SLA in children with BHFL. When unaided, older children had significantly better localization acuity than younger children with BHFL. When compared to age-matched controls, children with BHFL of all ages showed greater localization error. Nearly all (94% [17/18]) children with BHFL spontaneously reported immediate own-voice improvement when using OFDs.OFDs can provide sound localization benefit to younger children with BHFL. However, immediate benefit from OFDs is reduced by prolonged use of CEs. Although developmental factors may play a role in improving localization abilities over time, children with BHFL will rarely equal that of peers without early use of minimally disruptive hearing aid technology. Also, the occlusion effect likely impacts children far more than currently thought.
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Anchondo, J. A., M. M. Wall, V. P. Gutschick, and D. W. Smith. "Growth and Yield of Iron-deficient Chile Peppers in Sand Culture." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 2 (March 2002): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.2.205.
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Growth and yield responses of `New Mexico 6-4' and `NuMex R Naky' chile pepper [Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Longum Group)] to four Fe levels were studied under sand culture. A balanced nutrient solution (total nutrient concentration <2 mmol·L-1) was recirculated continuously to plants potted in acid-washed sand from the seedling stage to red fruit harvest. Plants received 1, 3, 10 or 30 μm Fe as ferric ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxyphenyl-acetate). Plant growth was determined by leaf area, specific leaf area [(SLA), leaf area per unit dry weight of leaves], instantaneous leaf photosynthetic rates, and dry matter partitioning. Low Fe (1 or 3 μm Fe) in the nutrient solution was associated with lower relative growth rates (RGR), increased SLA, and higher root to shoot ratios (3 μm Fe plants only) at final harvest. High Fe levels (10 or 30 μm Fe) in the nutrient solution were associated with an increased yield of red fruit and total plant dry matter. RGR of low-Fe young chile plants was reduced before any chlorotic symptoms appeared.
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Furey, Matthew J., Neil J. White, and Gurpreet S. Dhaliwal. "Scapholunate Ligament Injury and the Effect of Scaphoid Lengthening." Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, no. 01 (December 20, 2019): 076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401014.
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Abstract Objective We hypothesized that lengthening the scaphoid in a model of scapholunate ligament injury (SLI) will result in correction of radiographic markers of dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) deformity. Materials and Methods An SLI with DISI deformity was created by sectioning the SL ligament, the palmar radiocarpal ligaments, and scapho-trapezio-trapezoid ligaments of a cadaveric upper extremity (n = 5). The wrist was radiographed in both anteroposterior and lateral planes to confirm creation of SLI and DISI. The scaphoid was then osteotomized at its waist. A series of grafts (1–8 mm) were then placed at the osteotomy site. Radiographs were completed at each length. The main outcome measures were scapholunate interval (SL, mm), scapholunate angle (SLA, degrees), and radiolunate angle (RLA, degrees). These values, measured following the insertion of varying graft lengths, were compared with baseline measurements taken “post-injury” status. Results The ability to create an SLI with DISI was confirmed in the postinjury group with a statistically significant change in RLA, SLA, and SL compared with preinjury. With osteotomy and progressive insertion of spacers, the values improved into the accepted normal ranges for RLA (6 mm) and SLA (4 mm) with scaphoid lengthening. Conclusions In this cadaveric model of SL injury, radiographic markers of DISI were returned to within normal ranges with scaphoid osteotomy and lengthening. Clinical Relevance The results of this study add insight into wrist kinematics in our injury model and may represent a potential future direction for surgical treatment of SLI.
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CaramÍs, João, Duarte Marques, Rita Alves, David Braz, Helena Francisco, Andrè Chen, Filipe Freitas, and Gonçalo CaramÍs. "Retrospective study of short SLA‐surfaced implants (6 and 8 mm) with 1‐ to 4‐Years Follow‐up." Clinical Oral Implants Research 30, S19 (September 2019): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/clr.367_13509.
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Park, K. W., J. Y. Yoo, K. M. Choi, S. P. Hong, G. S. Han, E. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, et al. "276 PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC MINI-PIG CELL LINES EXPRESSING HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS US2." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab276.
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Xenotransplantation has the potential to resolve the chronic shortage of donor organs if immunological barriers can be overcome. In particular, the initial type of rejection following xenotransplantation is acute cellular rejection by host CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells that react to the donor class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein US2 specifically targets class I MHC heavy chains for dislocation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome. In this study, the recombinant expression vector pCX-US2 was stably transfected into mini-pig fetal fibroblasts by lipofection. The integration of US2 into the host genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot assay. The reduction of swine leukocyte antigen class I (SLA-I, MHC protein class I) by US2 was detected by flow cytometry analysis (FACS). FACS analysis of US2 clonal cell lines demonstrated substantial reductions in SLA surface expression. The decrease in the level of class I MHC expression for US2 clonal cell lines ranged from 22 to 34% relative to the non-transfected control. US2 clonal cell lines were also tested to determine if the resulting reduction in cell surface SLA would reduce in vitro cytotoxicity by CTL. The US2 clonal cell line demonstrated 5- to 6-fold reduction of specific lysis by primed CD8+ CTL. In conclusion, US2 can directly protect pig clonal cell lines from human CTL cells. These results indicate that the expression of US2 in pig cells may provide a new approach toward overcoming CTL-mediated immunity to xenotransplantation. This work was supported by the National Livestock Research Institute (6132-211-303-1).
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Shukla, Aparna, Siddhi Garg, Manish Mehta, Vinit Kumar, and Uma Kant Shukla. "Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 1245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1245-2020.
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Abstract. The importance of updated knowledge about the glacier extent and characteristics in the Himalaya cannot be overemphasized. Availability of precise glacier inventories in the latitudinally diverse western Himalayan region is particularly crucial. In this study we have created an inventory of the Suru sub-basin in the western Himalaya for the year 2017 using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. Changes in glacier parameters have also been monitored from 1971 to 2017 using temporal satellite remote-sensing data and limited field observations. Inventory data show that the sub-basin has 252 glaciers covering 11 % of the basin, having an average slope of 25±6∘ (standard deviations have been italicized throughout the text) and dominantly north orientation. The average snow line altitude (SLA) of the basin is 5011±54 m a.s.l. with smaller (47 %) and cleaner (43 %) glaciers occupying the bulk area. Long-term climate data (1901–2017) show an increase in the mean annual temperature (Tmax and Tmin) of 0.77 ∘C (0.25 and 1.3 ∘C) in the sub-basin, driving the overall glacier variability in the region. Temporal analysis reveals a glacier shrinkage of ∼6±0.02 %, an average retreat rate of 4.3±1.02 m a−1, debris increase of 62 % and a 22±60 m SLA increase in the past 46 years. This confirms their transitional response between the Karakoram and the Greater Himalayan Range (GHR) glaciers. Besides, glaciers in the sub-basin occupy two major ranges, the GHR and Ladakh Range (LR), and experience local climate variability, with the GHR glaciers exhibiting a warmer and wetter climate as compared to the LR glaciers. This variability manifests itself in the varied response of GHR and LR glaciers. While the GHR glaciers exhibit an overall rise in SLA (GHR: 49±69 m; LR: decrease of 18±50 m), the LR glaciers have deglaciated more (LR: 7 %; GHR: 6 %) with an enhanced accumulation of debris cover (LR: 73 %; GHR: 59 %). Inferences from this study reveal prevalence of glacier disintegration and overall degeneration, transition of clean ice to partially debris-covered glaciers, local climate variability and non-climatic (topographic and morphometric)-factor-induced heterogeneity in glacier response as the major processes operating in this region. The Shukla et al. (2019) dataset is accessible at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904131.
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Salvi, Giovanni E., Guido Gallini, and Niklaus P. Lang. "Early loading (2 or 6 weeks) of sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) ITI® implants in the posterior mandible." Clinical Oral Implants Research 15, no. 2 (April 2004): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01014.x.
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Nagamoto, Yukitaka, Motoki Iwasaki, Shinya Okuda, Tomiya Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Sugiura, Yoshifumi Takahashi, and Masayuki Furuya. "Anterior selective stabilization combined with laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy due to massive ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: report of early outcomes in 14 patients." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 33, no. 1 (July 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.1.spine191068.
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OBJECTIVESurgical management of massive ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is challenging. To reduce surgical complications, the authors have performed anterior selective stabilization combined with laminoplasty (antSS+LP) for massive OPLL since 2012. This study aimed to elucidate the short-term outcome of the antSS+LP procedure.METHODSThe authors’ analysis was based on data from 14 patients who underwent antSS+LP for cervical myelopathy caused by massive OPLL and were followed up for at least 2 years after surgery (mean follow-up duration 3.3 years). Clinical outcome was evaluated preoperatively, at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, and at the final follow-up using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system for cervical myelopathy and the recovery rate of the JOA score. The following radiographic parameters were measured preoperatively, immediately after surgery, at 1 year after surgery, and at the final follow-up: the C2–7 angle, measured on lateral plain radiographs, and the segmental lordosis angle (SLA), measured on sagittal CT scans. The correlation between radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes was evaluated.RESULTSThe mean JOA score increased from 10.4 before surgery to 13.6 and 13.8 at 6 months and 1 year after surgery, respectively; at the final follow-up the mean score was 13.4. This postoperative recovery was significant (p = 0.004) and was maintained until the final follow-up. No patient required revision surgery due to postoperative neurological deterioration. However, the C2–7 angle gradually deteriorated postoperatively. Similarly, the SLA was significantly increased immediately after surgery, but the improvement was not maintained. The recovery rate at the final follow-up correlated positively with the change in C2–7 angle (r = 0.60, p = 0.03) and the change in SLA (r = 0.72, p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSAntSS+LP is safe and effective and may be an alternative to anterior decompression and fusion for the treatment of patients with massive OPLL. No postoperative neurological complications or significant postoperative exacerbation of neck pain were observed in our case series. Not only reducing intervertebral motion and decompressing the canal at the maximal compression level but also acquiring segmental lordosis at the maximal compression level are crucial factors for achieving successful outcomes of antSS+LP.
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Hada, Tamaki, Manabu Kanazawa, Maiko Iwaki, Toshio Arakida, Yumika Soeda, Awutsadaporn Katheng, Ryosuke Otake, and Shunsuke Minakuchi. "Effect of Printing Direction on the Accuracy of 3D-Printed Dentures Using Stereolithography Technology." Materials 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2020): 3405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153405.
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This study evaluated the effects of the differences in the printing directions of stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D)-printed dentures on accuracy (trueness and precision). The maxillary denture was designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software with an STL file (master data) as the output. Three different printing directions (0°, 45°, and 90°) were used. Photopolymer resin was 3D-printed (n = 6/group). After scanning all dentures, the scanning data were saved/output as STL files (experimental data). For trueness, the experimental data were superimposed on the master data sets. For precision, the experimental data were selected from six dentures with three different printing directions and superimposed. The root mean square error (RMSE) and color map data were obtained using a deviation analysis. The averages of the RMSE values of trueness and precision at 0°, 45°, and 90° were statistically compared. The RMSE of trueness and precision were lowest at 45°, followed by 90°; the highest occurred at 0°. The RMSE of trueness and precision were significantly different among all printing directions (p < 0.05). The highest trueness and precision and the most favorable surface adaptation occurred when the printing direction was 45°; therefore, this may be the most effective direction for manufacturing SLA 3D-printed dentures.
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Rizo-Gorrita, María, Ignacio Fernandez-Asian, Andreina Garcia-de-Frenza, Celia Vazquez-Pachon, Maria-Angeles Serrera-Figallo, Daniel Torres-Lagares, and Jose-Luis Gutierrez-Perez. "Influence of Three Dental Implant Surfaces on Cell Viability and Bone Behavior. An In Vitro and a Histometric Study in a Rabbit Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 13, 2020): 4790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144790.
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The chemical composition and the surface characteristics of dental implants are factors that have a decisive effect on the osseointegration process. The surface characterization at the compositional and topographic level of three dental implants available in the market was performed with different surface treatments: (1) sandblasted and acid etched surface (SLA), (2) hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) blasted surface (HA/TCP), and (3) HA-blasted and non-etching acid washed surface (HA + AW). In addition, an in vitro viability study of MG-63 osteoblast cells was performed with a JC-1 test. To complete the study, an in vivo study was conducted in New Zealand rabbits. The study analyzed the histometric characteristics of the bone formed around the implants at the level of area, volume, bone density, accumulated bone density, and bone–implant contact (BIC). The rabbits were sacrificed at 6 weeks after implants were placed in the tibial metaphysis. No statistically significant differences were observed at the level of cell viability or histometric parameters between the different study groups (p > 0.05). SLA and HA/TCP surfaces were the ones that obtained a higher BIC value. Taking into account the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the different implant surfaces analyzed favor a good bone response.
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Etemad-Shahidi, Yasaman, Omel Baneen Qallandar, Jessica Evenden, Frank Alifui-Segbaya, and Khaled Elsayed Ahmed. "Accuracy of 3-Dimensionally Printed Full-Arch Dental Models: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 3357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103357.
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The use of additive manufacturing in dentistry has exponentially increased with dental model construction being the most common use of the technology. Henceforth, identifying the accuracy of additively manufactured dental models is critical. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature and evaluate the accuracy of full-arch dental models manufactured using different 3D printing technologies. Seven databases were searched, and 2209 articles initially identified of which twenty-eight studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. A meta-analysis was not possible due to unclear reporting and heterogeneity of studies. Stereolithography (SLA) was the most investigated technology, followed by digital light processing (DLP). Accuracy of 3D printed models varied widely between <100 to >500 μm with the majority of models deemed of clinically acceptable accuracy. The smallest (3.3 μm) and largest (579 μm) mean errors were produced by SLA printers. For DLP, majority of investigated printers (n = 6/8) produced models with <100 μm accuracy. Manufacturing parameters, including layer thickness, base design, postprocessing and storage, significantly influenced the model’s accuracy. Majority of studies supported the use of 3D printed dental models. Nonetheless, models deemed clinically acceptable for orthodontic purposes may not necessarily be acceptable for the prosthodontic workflow or applications requiring high accuracy.
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Lecointre, A., T. Penduff, P. Cipollini, R. Tailleux, and B. Barnier. "Depth dependence of westward-propagating North Atlantic features diagnosed from altimetry and a numerical 1/6° model." Ocean Science 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2008): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-4-99-2008.
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Abstract. A 1/6° numerical simulation is used to investigate the vertical structure of westward propagation between 1993 and 2000 in the North Atlantic ocean. The realism of the simulated westward propagating signals, interpreted principally as the signature of first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves (RW), is first assessed by comparing the simulated amplitude and zonal phase speeds of Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) against TOPEX/Poseidon-ERS satellite altimeter data. Then, the (unobserved) subsurface signature of RW phase speeds is investigated from model outputs by means of the Radon Transform which was specifically adapted to focus on first-mode baroclinic RW. The analysis is performed on observed and simulated SLA and along 9 simulated isopycnal displacements spanning the 0–3250 m depth range. Simulated RW phase speeds agree well with their observed counterparts at the surface, although with a slight slow bias. Below the surface, the simulated phase speeds exhibit a systematic deceleration with increasing depth, by a factor that appears to vary geographically. Thus, while the reduction factor is about 15–18% on average at 3250 m over the region considered, it appears to be much weaker (about 5–8%) in the eddy-active Azores Current, where westward propagating structures might be more coherent in the vertical. In the context of linear theories, these results question the often-made normal mode assumption of many WKB-based theories that the phase speed is independent of depth. Alternatively, these results could also suggest that the vertical structure of westward propagating signals may significantly depend on their degree of nonlinearity, with the degree of vertical coherence possibly increasing with the degree of nonlinearity.
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Lecointre, A., T. Penduff, P. Cipollini, R. Tailleux, and B. Barnier. "Depth dependence of westward-propagating North Atlantic features diagnosed from altimetry and a numerical 1/6° model." Ocean Science Discussions 4, no. 6 (November 12, 2007): 817–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-4-817-2007.
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Abstract. A 1/6° numerical simulation is used to investigate the vertical structure of westward propagation between 1993 and 2000 in the North Atlantic ocean. The realism of the simulated westward propagating signals, interpreted principally as the signature of first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves (RW), is first assessed by comparing the simulated amplitude and zonal phase speeds of Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) against TOPEX/Poseidon-ERS satellite altimeter data. Then, the (unobserved) subsurface signature of RW phase speeds is investigated from model outputs by means of the Radon Transform which was specifically adapted to focus on first-mode baroclinic RW. The analysis is performed on observed and simulated SLA and along 9 simulated isopycnal displacements spanning the 0–3250 m depth range. Simulated RW phase speeds agree well with their observed counterparts at the surface, although with a slight slow bias. Below the surface, the simulated phase speeds exhibit a systematic deceleration with increasing depth, by a factor that appears to vary geographically. Thus, while the reduction factor is about 15–18% on average at 3250 m over the region considered, it appears to be much weaker (about 5–8%) in the eddy-active Azores Current, where westward propagating structures might be more coherent in the vertical. These results suggest that the often-made normal-mode assumption of many WKB-based extended theories that the phase speed is independent of depth might need to be revisited. They also suggest that the vertical structure of westward propagating signals could significantly depend on their degree of nonlinearity, with the degree of vertical coherence possibly increasing with the degree of nonlinearity.
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Oluwole, O. O., D. Bayene, E. Okoth, P. Roger, and G. O. Omitogun. "Comparative genomics of swine leukocyte antigen class I of Nigerian and Kenyan pigs." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.843.
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The classical genes are a member of immunoglobulin gene family that is involved in the presentation of antigen peptides. They are located in every nucleated cell surface, except in neurons and trophoblasts. They are synthesized in infected cell (viral infection), binding to viral proteins and giving rise to Swine Leucocyte Antigen (SLA) I- antigen complex. In the study, the SLA class I gene of Nigerian pigs with pigs from Kenya along with archived sequences from Asia and American pigs available on Genbank to gain a better understanding of matrilineal origin of Nigerian and Kenyan pigs. Gain insight into demographic distribution, their domestication and adaptation were compared. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from 90 pigs (60 Nigerian pigs (NP) and 30 pigs from Kenya) using Invitrogen Kit, quantified by using Nanodrop, and amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction. The expected bands were purified and sequenced for SLA class I. The sequences were aligned and phylogenetic tree was analyzed by using MEGA 6. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tools) was conducted in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). The sequences of Nigerian pigs and Kenya pigs were compared with published pig data in GenBank. Neighboring Joint (NJ) tree constructed with sequences from Nigeria, Kenya and other pigs from GenBank revealed that some of the NP clustered together with Asian pigs at the middle of the tree while some clustered just above the Kenyan below the tree and the outgroup homosapien stood out. The result from the calculation of total number of segregating sites gave the negative Tajima's D value (-0.181) while the non-significant difference (p > 0.05) obtained from the result showed that the null hypothesis was not rejected. In conclusion, there is genetic difference between the Nigerian and Kenyan pigs based on the phylogeny tree constructed. There is an excess of low frequency polymorphisms relative to population size. This may be as a result of evolutionary forces during course of adaptation in tropical countries in Africa.
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Busse, H. A., W. Jogo, M. Fofanah, H. Tesfay, M. Hadush, E. Kiflom, and S. Schulz. "Participatory Assessment of Factors Influencing Nutrition and Livelihoods in Rural Ethiopia: Implications for Measuring Impacts of Multisector Nutrition Programs." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 38, no. 4 (April 13, 2017): 468–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572117703265.
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Agricultural interventions more effectively improve nutrition when they are adapted to local contexts and engage multiple sectors. However, evidence is limited for how to design and measure the impacts of such interventions. We piloted a participatory methodology to collect community feedback to inform the design and selection of measures for a multisector nutrition intervention in Ethiopia. Study participants were purposively recruited from 6 rural districts in Tigray and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ regions. Qualitative data were collected from 12 focus group discussions with smallholder farmers (men and women) participating in a nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention. The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) combined with an ecological systems model informed the survey tool and analyses. Analyses revealed 3 key findings. First, there were regional differences in how communities defined assets important for nutrition. Second, when asked to prioritize which assets were most important, communities selected every SLA capital category; however, the types of assets within each category differed by region. Third, the most commonly reported barriers to good nutrition were traditional feeding behaviors (eg, men eating before women) and lack of nutrition knowledge. How households use assets to enhance nutrition is influenced by diverse and dynamic cultural, social, economic, and ecological factors. The participatory methods piloted in this study present a novel approach to identify contextually relevant household, community, and institutional assets used to support food and nutrition security.
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Lilakhunakon, Charukrit, Jintamai Suwanpateeb, and Somying Patntirapong. "Inhibitory Effects of Alendronate on Adhesion and Viability of Preosteoblast Cells on Titanium Discs." European Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 03 (June 7, 2021): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726170.
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Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of alendronate (ALN; a bisphosphonate) on adhesion and viability of preosteoblasts using different cell passages on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces. Materials and Methods Preosteoblast, MC3T3, cells (passage 42; P42 and passage 62; P62) were cultured with ALN (1 and 5 µM) on cell culture plate for 7 days. Cells were lifted, counted, and seeded on SLA Ti surfaces. Cells were incubated on the discs for 6 hours to examine cell adhesion by using confocal microscopy and for 24 hours to determine cell viability by using MTT assay. Results ALN interfered with cell adhesion on Ti surfaces by reducing the cell number in both cell passages. Nuclei of untreated cells showed oval shape, whereas some nuclei of ALN-treated cells demonstrated crescent and condensed appearance. ALN at 1 and 5 µM significantly decreased nuclear area and perimeter in P42, while ALN at 5 µM reduced nuclear area and perimeter in P62. After 24 hours, cells (P42) grown on Ti surfaces showed decreased cell viability when culturing with 5 µM ALN. Conclusion ALN reduced cell adhesion and viability of preosteoblasts on Ti surfaces. ALN treatment seemed to exert higher inhibitory effects on nuclear shape and size as well as cell viability in lower cell passage. This led to the reduction in cell to implant surface interaction after encountering bisphosphonate treatment.
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Jakhar, Somveer, Himanshi Dhiman, and Harikesh Saharan. "Analysis of Functional Leaf Trait Variation among the Dominant Understorey Species in the Pine Forest of Morni Hills, Panchkula, Haryana." Journal of Tropical Life Science 11, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.11.02.13.
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The functional diversity is an essential concept in the field of ecology. It refers to the relative abundance, range, and value of the functional traits present in a given community or ecosystem. Plant functional traits (leaf traits, stem traits, root traits, etc.) create a link between an ecosystem processes and plant physiology and thus offer a powerful means to study the global change on vegetation dynamics and ecosystem processes. When plant species grown in different environments, their physiological and functional traits get modifed due to changes in site-specific conditions. In the present study, leaf functional traits (leaf size-LS, specific leaf areaSLA, leaf dry matter content-LDMC, leaf nitrogen content-LNC, leaf phosphorus content-LPC and leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio-N:P) of twelve dominant understorey species (6 shrubs and 6 herbs) were examined in the Pine forest of Morni Hills range of lower Shivaliks, Haryana, India. During the study, the maximum value of leaf size was obtained for Murraya koenigii and Cynoglossum zeylanicum, while the maximum value of LDMC was obtained for Toxicodendron parviflorum and Dicliptera chinensis among shrubs and herbs respectively. Other than this, highest value of SLA, LPC and LNC were calculated for Parthenium hysterophorus among shrubs and Oxalis corniculata among herbs. The calculated values were also found to be significantly correlated among the selected plant species. The SLA was found to be negatively correlated with, LDMC and LPC whereas positively correlated with LNC and N:P. The present study represents a step forward in the direction of functional ecology performed in the forest ecosystems of Haryana. This study is essential for predicting the patterns of community assembly as well as for describing species contributions to ecosystem processes.
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Aravind Shanmugasundaram, Sunil, Jafar Razmi, Md Jamal Mian, and Leila Ladani. "Mechanical Anisotropy and Surface Roughness in Additively Manufactured Parts Fabricated by Stereolithography (SLA) Using Statistical Analysis." Materials 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2020): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112496.
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In this study, the degree of mechanical anisotropy was investigated through tensile testing of specimens built in different orientations and designed according to the ASTM D638 standard. The mechanical properties that were evaluated include Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percentage elongation. Additionally, physical properties, such as mean surface roughness (Ra), density and dimension of the cross-sectional area, were also measured. These properties were then compared with the available standard data to see how SLA performs comparing to the traditional manufacturing methods. The obtained modulus of elasticity and UTS values of the printed samples were 2481 ± 50 MPa and 51.9 ± 1.3 MPa respectively, which were very similar to the standard data (2550 and 52 MPa, respectively) as provided by the material suppliers. The percentage elongation values (4.8% ± 0.4%) were a bit lower than the expected value of 6%. However, the surfaces of all the printed samples were quite smooth, with a surface roughness range of 2.28 ± 0.59 µm. A design of experiments was created to study the influence of the independent variables such as build orientation and angular orientation on the mechanical properties. Extensive statistical analysis, using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA), was performed to examine the effect of these independent variables on the mechanical properties. The SLA printed parts can be classified as isotropic since the build orientation and the angular orientation did not have a statistically significant impact on the mechanical properties. The effect of aging on the mechanical properties was also evaluated and it shows that the specimens that had been aged for a longer time resulted in superior mechanical properties. For example, the UTS increased from 24 to 54 MPa when the sample aligned parallel to the XY plane was aged from 1 week to 6 months, respectively. This significant increase implies that aging has a substantial effect on the mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by stereolithography. The resin used for this study, Visijet Sl Clear, produced very consistent mechanical properties in different directions.
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Bravo-Parra, Marlene, Marina Arenas-Padilla, Valeria Bárcenas-Preciado, Jesús Hernández, and Verónica Mata-Haro. "The Probiotic BB12 Induces MicroRNAs Involved in Antigen Processing and Presentation in Porcine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030687.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) mediate the regulation of gene expression. Several reports indicate that probiotics induce miRNA-mediated immunomodulation at different levels, such as cytokine production and the up-regulation of several markers related to antigen presentation in antigen-presenting cells. The objective of this work was to identify target genes of miRNAs that are involved in the processing and presentation of antigens in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) stimulated with the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 (BB12). First, an in silico prediction analysis for a putative miRNA binding site within a given mRNA target was performed using RNAHybrid software with mature sequences of differentially expressed miRNAs retrieved from a Genbank data set that included BB12-stimulated and unstimulated porcine monocytes. From them, 23 genes resulted in targets of 19 miRNAs, highlighting miR-30b-3p, miR-671-5p, and miR-9858-5p, whose targets were costimulatory molecules, and were overexpressed (p < 0.05) in BB12-stimulated moDCs. The analysis of moDCs showed that the percentage of cells expressing SLA-DR+CD80+ decreased significantly (p = 0.0081) in BB12-stimulated moDCs; interleukin (IL)-10 production was unchanged at 6 h but increased after 24 h of culture in the presence of BB12 (p < 0.001). In summary, our results suggest that SLA-DR and CD80 can be down-regulated by miRNAs miR-30b-3p, miR-671-5p, and miR-9858-5p, while miR-671-5p targets IL-10.
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Kim, Young-Kyun, Jong-Hwa Kim, Yang-Jin Yi, Min-Jung Kwon, and Pil-Young Yun. "Prospective Comparative Study of Tapered Implants with SLA Surfaces in the Maxillary Posterior Area According to 3- and 6-Month Loading Time." International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 35, no. 2 (March 2015): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/prd.1789.
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