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Crew, Mark D., Bounleut Phanavanh, and Carmen N. Garcia-Borges. "Sequence and mRNA expression of nonclassical SLA class I genes SLA-7 and SLA-8." Immunogenetics 56, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-004-0676-z.
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Raskin, Jeffrey Steven, Frank Lin, Murali Chintagumpala, Virendra Rajendrakumar Desai, Patrick J. Karas, Kathryn Wagner, Howard L. Weiner, Sandi Lam, and Daniel Curry. "139 Outcome of Stereotactic Laser Ablation of Primary Brain Tumors in Children." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.139.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION Stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) is an innovative minimally invasive strategy used to treat intracranial tumors. While it is applied commonly in adults as adjuvant therapy for high grade tumors, its use in children is less well understood. At Texas Children's Hospital (TCH), an interdisciplinary team considers SLA, with or without concomitant biopsy, as a diagnostic and treatment strategy in select cases. This study represents our institutional experience over 5 years using SLA for children with brain tumors. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for patients less than 18 years old undergoing SLA at TCH from 2012–2016. Demographics, medical history, and surgical outcomes were recorded. Biopsy diagnosis rate, adjuvant treatments, and tumor outcomes are noted. RESULTS >Fourteen children (7 males), with an average age at first surgery of 11.6 years, underwent SLA for WHO I (8), WHO II (1), WHO III (1), WHO IV (2) and unknown (2) tumors. Tumor locations were deep (periventricular, midbrain) in nine cases. Antecedent biopsy was diagnostic in 5 of the 7 patients (71%). SLA without concurrent biopsy was the solo treatment in the other 7 patients (50%). Complete ablation of tumors was confirmed radiographically in 11/14 children. Follow-up time was an average of 2 years. At follow up, 11 children had stable disease, 2 had recurrences, and there was 1 death. One patient developed acute postoperative hydrocephalus requiring temporary ventricular drain placement for cerebrospinal fluid diversion. CONCLUSION SLA is an effective novel adjunctive or primary treatment modality for primary brain tumors in children, with a low complication profile, even in deep locations, and may be easily paired with diagnostic biopsy.
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Hammer, Sabine E., Chak-Sum Ho, Asako Ando, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Mathieu Charles, Matthew Tector, A. Joseph Tector, and Joan K. Lunney. "Importance of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (Swine Leukocyte Antigen) in Swine Health and Biomedical Research." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115014.
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In pigs, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex, maps to Sus scrofa chromosome 7. It consists of three regions, the class I and class III regions mapping to 7p1.1 and the class II region mapping to 7q1.1. The swine MHC is divided by the centromere, which is unique among mammals studied to date. The SLA complexspans between 2.4 and 2.7 Mb, depending on haplotype, and encodes approximately 150 loci, with at least 120 genes predicted to be functional. Here we update the whole SLA complex based on the Sscrofa11.1 build and annotate the organization for all recognized SLA genes and their allelic sequences. We present SLA nomenclature and typing methods and discuss the expression of SLA proteins, as well as their role in antigen presentation and immune, disease, and vaccine responses. Finally, we explore the role of SLA genes in transplantation and xenotransplantation and their importance in swine biomedical models.
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Kusza, S., L. Flori, Y. Gao, A. Teillaud, R. Hu, G. Lemonnier, Z. Bősze, E. Bourneuf, S. Vincent-Naulleau, and C. Rogel-Gaillard. "Transcription specificity of the class Ib genes SLA-6, SLA-7 and SLA-8 of the swine major histocompatibility complex and comparison with class Ia genes." Animal Genetics 42, no. 5 (February 1, 2011): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02170.x.
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Eubank, Lynn. "SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION.Rod Ellis. (Oxford Introductions to Language Study, H. G. Widdowson, Series Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. x + 147. $10.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 20, no. 3 (September 1998): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263198323062.
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Imagine my surprise when I received an SLA textbook by Rod Ellis to review, and it turned out to be a paperback weighing only 7 ½ ounces! Something must be different, and indeed it is: This new volume is intended for the novice student (or for others without academic engagement in linguistics). For such an audience, the volume opens up a fresh niche for SLA classes, one that is not all that common, at least at North American universities.
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Thakur, Dinesh, Lakhbeer Singh, and Amit Chawla. "Reliability of leaf functional traits after delayed measurements." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 2 (2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19166.
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In this study, the effect of temporary storage (at 4°C) on measurement of leaf traits was tested. We collected leaf samples from 25 species, which represented different functional types in the high altitude vegetation of western Himalaya, to measure leaf area (LA), leaf rehydration, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Repeated trait measurements were performed for up to 7 days. We found that in all the species, LA increased in initial 24 h of rehydration and thereafter remained stable. Leaf rehydration was found to be sensitive to delayed measurements and changed significantly for up to 7 days. For SLA and LDMC, the effect of storage time was significant only for a few species. On the basis of our findings, we recommend that, for samples stored in dark at 4°C, LA, SLA and LDMC can reliably be estimated after a delay of up to 7 days. Further, these key leaf traits should be estimated only after 24 h of rehydration. Also, trait measurements after prolonged rehydration of leaves should be avoided. Outcomes of this study will be beneficial when a large number of samples are collected from locations far away from laboratory and temporary storage is necessitated before trait measurements.
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Gagliardi, Alexia G., Patrick M. Carry, Harin B. Parikh, Jessica L. Traver, David R. Howell, and Jay C. Albright. "ACL Repair With Suture Ligament Augmentation Is Associated With a High Failure Rate Among Adolescent Patients." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518825255.
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Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair technique avoids graft harvest and therefore the risk of donor site morbidity. However, early failure rates after ACL repair with suture ligament augmentation (SLA) remain high. Purpose: To compare surgical failure, functional outcomes, return to sport, and joint laxity between adolescents who underwent ACL repair with SLA and those who underwent ACL reconstruction with quadriceps tendon–patellar bone autograft (QPA). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Adolescent patients (7-18 years old) underwent ACL repair with SLA or ACL reconstruction with QPA. The authors collected data from those who had postoperative information pertaining to repaired ligament or graft failure, range of motion, complications, and return to sport at a minimum of 6 months after surgery. Participants were contacted after surgery to complete study questionnaires. Results: The cohort included 22 consecutive patients in the SLA group and 157 in the QPA group. The median duration of follow-up was 2.7 years (interquartile range, 2.0-3.6 years) in the QPA group and 3.2 years (2.2-3.4 years) in the SLA group. After adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, and time from injury to surgery, the hazard of graft failure in the SLA group was 10.66 times (95% CI, 3.41-32.92; P < .0001) that of the QPA group. The cumulative incidence of graft failure in the first 3 years after surgery was 48.8% (95% CI, 28.9%-73.1%) in the SLA group, as opposed to 4.7% (2.1%-10.3%) in the QPA group. There was no difference in return to sport between the groups. Among individuals who did not rerupture their ACL, International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores were comparable between the groups, as well as range of motion. Conclusion: The risk of failure was significantly increased in the SLA group relative to the QPA group. The high risk of failure for the SLA group in this short-term follow-up should be considered when selecting the treatment for adolescent patients with an ACL injury.
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Hu, Rui, Gaëtan Lemonnier, Emmanuelle Bourneuf, Silvia Vincent-Naulleau, and Claire Rogel-Gaillard. "Transcription variants of SLA-7, a swine non classical MHC class I gene." BMC Proceedings 5, Suppl 4 (2011): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1753-6561-5-s4-s10.
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Kim, J. E., H. Y. Son, H. S. Kim, E. G. Lee, and C. K. Lee. "224 DERIVATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PORCINE EMBRYONIC STEM-LIKE CELLS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab224.
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Pluripotent cells from porcine blastocysts can be used to serve as an in vitro model as well as an unlimited cell source for therapeutic xenotransplantation. In xenotransplantation, foreign organs and tissues are rejected because of the immune responses in the recipient. This rejection is determined by the naturally occurring cell surface antigen, major histocompatibility antigen (MHC), knowledge of which is essential to advance our understanding of the processes implicated in immune responses. In mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells, MHC expression patterns are changed upon their differentiation in vitro. Therefore, immunological characteristics of undifferentiated and/or differentiated pluripotent ES-like cells derived from porcine blastocysts could provide valuable information to xenotransplantation research. For such purposes, swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) isotype and its expression pattern were determined in porcine ES-like cells. Porcine inner cell masses from Day 7 in vivo-produced blastocysts were isolated by immunosurgery and seeded on a feeder layer. Isolated cells were cultured in a mixture of DMEM : HF-10 (1 : 1) with 15% FBS, 1.7 mM l-glutamine, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 1000 U mL-1 leukemia inhibitory factor, 40 ng mL-1 stem cell factor, and 20 ng mL-1 basic fibroblast growth factor in humidified environment of 5% CO2 in air at 38�C. Porcine ES-like cells showing typical morphology were subpassaged by physical separation. Embryoid body (EB) formation was induced by culturing small clumps of cells by the hanging drop method. Total RNA was extracted from porcine ES-like cell and EBs. PCR amplification was performed by using locus-specific primer pairs for swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) 1 and 2, followed by sequencing of amplified DNA fragments. These sequences were compared with known SLA sequences, and their SLA allele types were determined. Porcine ES-like cells showed the typical morphology of ES cells, closer to that of human than mouse cells. They showed typical expression of pluripotent stem cell markers, determined by immunochemistry and PCR analysis. When porcine ES-like cells formed EBs, differentiation specific markers of all 3 germ layers, �%-fetoprotein (endoderm marker), neurofilament (ectoderm marker), and cardiac troponin1 (mesoderm), were detected in the EBs. In porcine ES-like cells, two new alleles (SLA-1*06ck01 and *06ck02, and SLA-2*06ck01 and *06ck02) were identified. Therefore, our porcine ES-like cell line showed heterozygous allele isotypes in SLA-1 and SLA-2. EBs derived from porcine ES-like cells showed the same sequencing results, indicating no alteration of SLA-1 and SLA-2 isotypes in porcine ES-like cells and their differentiated derivatives. Further experiments for determining SLA-3 allele isotype in porcine ES-like cells and EBs and cell surface expression of the SLA antigens in these cells will be performed. In conclusion, porcine ES-like cells were established from in vivo-derived blastocysts and their SLA isotypes were consistent regardless of their differentiation.
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GILBERT, HÉLÈNE, PASCALE LE ROY, DENIS MILAN, and JEAN-PIERRE BIDANEL. "Linked and pleiotropic QTLs influencing carcass composition traits detected on porcine chromosome 7." Genetical Research 89, no. 2 (April 2007): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672307008701.
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SummaryA multivariate QTL detection was carried out on fatness and carcass composition traits on porcine chromosome 7 (SSC7). Single-trait QTLs have already been detected in the SLA region, and multivariate approaches have been used to exploit the correlations between the traits to obtain more information on their pattern: almost 500 measurements were recorded for backfat thickness (BFT1, BFT2), backfat weight (BFW) and leaf fat weight (LFW) but only about half that number for intramuscular fat content (IMF), affecting the detection. First, groups of traits were selected using a backward selection procedure: traits were selected based on their contribution to the linear combination of traits discriminating the putative QTL haplotypes. Three groups of traits could be distinguished based on successive discriminant analyses: external fat (BFT1, BFT2), internal fat (LFW, IMF) and BFW. At least four regions were distinguished, preferentially affecting one or the other group, with the SLA region always influencing all the traits. Meishan alleles decreased all trait values except IMF, confirming an opportunity for marker-assisted selection to improve meat quality with maintenance of carcass composition based on Meishan alleles.
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Philit, F., B. Langevin, T. Petitjean, N. Vandenberghe, M. Magnet, and C. Guerin. "119 Assistance ventilatoire par trachéotomie à domicile chez 7 patients atteints de sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA)." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 21 (January 2004): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8425(04)71745-3.
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RENARD, C., and J. MOUROT. "Exemple d’approche fonctionnelle : le gras intramusculaire chez le porc." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (June 22, 2020): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3830.
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Nous avons utilisé alternativement les techniques d’analyse fonctionnelle, d’analyse génétique et de biologie moléculaire pour identifier les gènes qui ont un effet majeur sur le gras intramusculaire du porc indépendamment de ceux qui agissent sur l’épaisseur de du gras souscutané dorsal. L’ensemble des travaux met en évidence : l’influence prépondérante de la région péri-centromérique du chromosome 7, marquée par le complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité SLA, sur le taux de lipides intramusculaires ; le rôle clef de l’enzyme malique, une des enzymes de la lipogenèse, dans la synthèse lipidique intramusculaire tout au long du développement corporel du porc ; l’existence d’un gène proche de SLA, qui contrôle l’activité de cette enzyme et dont le profil est le suivant : ce n’est pas le gène codant pour l’enzyme malique, celui-ci étant localisé sur le chromosome 1, il n’agirait pas par activation de la transcription de la protéine, mais il pourrait intervenir sur le nombre, la différenciation, l’activation ou la migration des adipocytes dans les muscles.
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Oliveira, Mariana F. M., Fabrizio Caputo, Ricardo D. Lucas, Benedito S. Denadai, and Camila C. Greco. "Physiological and Stroke Parameters to Assess Aerobic Capacity in Swimming." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 7, no. 3 (September 2012): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.3.218.
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Purpose:To identify the speed corresponding to anaerobic threshold using the D-max method for both blood lactate and biomechanical stroke parameters determined in an incremental swimming test and to compare this information with the speed corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state (SMLSS).Methods:Five male long-distance swimmers and 8 triathletes (N = 13; age 23.8 ± 9.5 y, height 1.76 ± 0.1 m, weight 71.3 ± 9.8 kg) performed the following protocols: maximal 400-m test to determine maximal aerobic speed (S400); 7 × 200-m incremental test to determine the speed corresponding to the D-max point on the blood lactate (SLa), stroke-rate (SSR), stroke-length (SSL), and stroke-index (SSI) responses; and two to four 30-min submaximal tests to determine the SMLSS.Results:SLA (1.18 ± 0.08 m/s), SSI (1.18 ± 0.08 m/s), SSR (1.17 ± 0.1 m/s), and SSL (1.16 ± 0.09 m/s) were not significantly different from each other or from SMLSS (1.13 ± 0.08 m/s). There were high correlations between SLA, SSI, SSR, SSL, and SMLSS (r = .91, .89, .85, and .80, respectively). The typical errors of estimate for SLA (3.2%), SSI (3.7%), SSR (4.1%), and SSL (4.7%) suggest good validity of these variables to predict SMLSS. Furthermore, all physiological and biomechanical variables were moderately to highly correlated with S400 (r = .73–.95).Conclusions:It is possible to obtain a physiological index of aerobic capacity and performance using simple biomechanical measurements during an incremental test without performing blood lactate analyses.
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Nagamoto, Yukitaka, Motoki Iwasaki, Shinya Okuda, Tomiya Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Sugiura, Yoshifumi Takahashi, and Masayuki Furuya. "Anterior selective stabilization combined with laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy due to massive ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: report of early outcomes in 14 patients." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 33, no. 1 (July 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.1.spine191068.
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OBJECTIVESurgical management of massive ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is challenging. To reduce surgical complications, the authors have performed anterior selective stabilization combined with laminoplasty (antSS+LP) for massive OPLL since 2012. This study aimed to elucidate the short-term outcome of the antSS+LP procedure.METHODSThe authors’ analysis was based on data from 14 patients who underwent antSS+LP for cervical myelopathy caused by massive OPLL and were followed up for at least 2 years after surgery (mean follow-up duration 3.3 years). Clinical outcome was evaluated preoperatively, at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, and at the final follow-up using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system for cervical myelopathy and the recovery rate of the JOA score. The following radiographic parameters were measured preoperatively, immediately after surgery, at 1 year after surgery, and at the final follow-up: the C2–7 angle, measured on lateral plain radiographs, and the segmental lordosis angle (SLA), measured on sagittal CT scans. The correlation between radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes was evaluated.RESULTSThe mean JOA score increased from 10.4 before surgery to 13.6 and 13.8 at 6 months and 1 year after surgery, respectively; at the final follow-up the mean score was 13.4. This postoperative recovery was significant (p = 0.004) and was maintained until the final follow-up. No patient required revision surgery due to postoperative neurological deterioration. However, the C2–7 angle gradually deteriorated postoperatively. Similarly, the SLA was significantly increased immediately after surgery, but the improvement was not maintained. The recovery rate at the final follow-up correlated positively with the change in C2–7 angle (r = 0.60, p = 0.03) and the change in SLA (r = 0.72, p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSAntSS+LP is safe and effective and may be an alternative to anterior decompression and fusion for the treatment of patients with massive OPLL. No postoperative neurological complications or significant postoperative exacerbation of neck pain were observed in our case series. Not only reducing intervertebral motion and decompressing the canal at the maximal compression level but also acquiring segmental lordosis at the maximal compression level are crucial factors for achieving successful outcomes of antSS+LP.
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Tapia-Guarnizo, Jorge Luís, and Milton Alfredo Campoverde-Molina. "Análisis de gestión de incidencias de Tecnologías de la Información. Caso de estudio: Hospitales Generales Coordinación Zonal 7 - Salud." Polo del Conocimiento 4, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.23857/pc.v4i7.1027.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Este artículo presenta un análisis de la gestión de incidencias de Tecnologías de la Información (TI) en los hospitales generales que conforman la Coordinación Zonal 7 – Salud, Ecuador. El propósito de la investigación es evaluar la gestión realizada por los departamentos de TI desde el mes de enero del 2018 hasta abril del 2019 y verificar el cumplimiento normativo. A través de una revisión de varias fuentes bibliográficas se indago experiencias y resultados de trabajos de investigación similares relacionados con la gestión de incidencias. Luego se presentan los resultados obtenidos del análisis de 8.455 registros pertenecientes a tres hospitales juntamente con la información descrita en el Acuerdo de Nivel de Servicio (SLA, por sus siglas en inglés) vigente. Se realizó un análisis individual agrupando los registros por año (2018y 2019) y una comparativa con los datos obtenidos de ambos años. En los resultados, se puede evidenciar que en todos los hospitales es necesario registrar las peticiones de los usuarios categorizándolas como incidencias, requerimientos o problemas para realizar una gestión por separado. También, se debe mejorar la tipología de incidencias y alinear la matriz de registros con la información establecida en el SLA. Para establecer el nivel de cumplimiento se verificó que requisitos se están cubriendo de los establecidos en la norma UNE- ISO/IEC 20000-1. Con los datos obtenidos de la verificación, se promediaron y se corroboro el porcentaje de cubrimiento de la norma que es 64%. Se concluye que el personal de TI requiere gestionar incidencias, requerimientos y problemas de los usuarios por separado, mejorar el SLA y alinear la matriz con la información que este contiene; todo en base a lo establecido en la norma. Mejorar la clasificación de incidencias para lo cual se debe eliminar la tipología “Varios” y el tiempo para resolver incidencias con prioridad critica mediante el uso de una base de conocimiento. También, pueden empezar a identificar incidencias que se consideren graves para su posterior manejo y documentación.</p>
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Pujol, Marie-Isabelle, Yannice Faugère, Guillaume Taburet, Stéphanie Dupuy, Camille Pelloquin, Michael Ablain, and Nicolas Picot. "DUACS DT2014: the new multi-mission altimeter data set reprocessed over 20 years." Ocean Science 12, no. 5 (September 9, 2016): 1067–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016.
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Abstract. The new DUACS DT2014 reprocessed products have been available since April 2014. Numerous innovative changes have been introduced at each step of an extensively revised data processing protocol. The use of a new 20-year altimeter reference period in place of the previous 7-year reference significantly changes the sea level anomaly (SLA) patterns and thus has a strong user impact. The use of up-to-date altimeter standards and geophysical corrections, reduced smoothing of the along-track data, and refined mapping parameters, including spatial and temporal correlation-scale refinement and measurement errors, all contribute to an improved high-quality DT2014 SLA data set. Although all of the DUACS products have been upgraded, this paper focuses on the enhancements to the gridded SLA products over the global ocean. As part of this exercise, 21 years of data have been homogenized, allowing us to retrieve accurate large-scale climate signals such as global and regional MSL trends, interannual signals, and better refined mesoscale features.An extensive assessment exercise has been carried out on this data set, which allows us to establish a consolidated error budget. The errors at mesoscale are about 1.4 cm2 in low-variability areas, increase to an average of 8.9 cm2 in coastal regions, and reach nearly 32.5 cm2 in high mesoscale activity areas. The DT2014 products, compared to the previous DT2010 version, retain signals for wavelengths lower than ∼ 250 km, inducing SLA variance and mean EKE increases of, respectively, +5.1 and +15 %. Comparisons with independent measurements highlight the improved mesoscale representation within this new data set. The error reduction at the mesoscale reaches nearly 10 % of the error observed with DT2010. DT2014 also presents an improved coastal signal with a nearly 2 to 4 % mean error reduction. High-latitude areas are also more accurately represented in DT2014, with an improved consistency between spatial coverage and sea ice edge position. An error budget is used to highlight the limitations of the new gridded products, with notable errors in areas with strong internal tides.
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Lima, Leonardo Nascimento, and Clemente Augusto Souza Tanajura. "A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF ALTIMETRY DATA ASSIMILATION ON SHORT-TERM PREDICTABILITY OF THE HYCOM OCEAN MODEL IN REGIONS OF THE TROPICAL AND SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v31i2.302.
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ABSTRACT. In this study, assimilation of Jason-1 and Jason-2 along-track sea level anomaly (SLA) data was conducted in a region of the tropical and South Atlantic (7◦N-36◦S, 20◦W up to the Brazilian coast) using an optimal interpolation method and the HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model). Four 24 h-forecast experiments were performed daily from January 1 until March 31, 2011 considering different SLA assimilation data windows (1 day and 2 days) and different coefficients in the parameterization of the SLA covariance matrix model. The model horizontal resolution was 1/12◦ and the number of vertical layers was 21. The SLA analyses added to the mean sea surface height were projected to the subsurface with the Cooper & Haines (1996) scheme. The results showed that the experiment with 2-day window of along-track data and with specific parameterizations of the model SLA covariance error for sub-regions of the METAREA V was the most accurate. It completely reconstructed the model sea surface height and important improvements in the circulation were produced. For instance, there was a substantial improvement in the representation of the Brazil Current and North Brazil Undercurrent. However, since no assimilation of vertical profiles of temperature and salinity and of sea surface temperature was performed, the methodology employed here should be considered only as a step towards a high quality analysis for operational forecasting systems. Keywords: data assimilation, optimal interpolation, Cooper & Haines scheme, altimetry data. RESUMO. Neste estudo, a assimilação de dados de anomalia da altura da superfície do mar (AASM) ao longo da trilha dos satélites Jason-1 e Jason-2 foi conduzida em uma região do Atlântico tropical e Sul (7◦N-36◦S, 20◦W até a costa do Brasil) com o método de interpolação ótima e o modelo oceânico HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model). Foram realizados quatro experimentos de previsão de 24 h entre 1 de janeiro e 31 de março de 2011, considerando diferentes janelas de assimilação de AASM (1 dia e 2 dias) e diferentes coeficientes na parametrização da matriz de covariância dos erros de AASM do modelo. A resolução horizontal empregada no HYCOM foi 1/12◦ para 21 camadas verticais. As correções de altura da superfície do mar devido à assimilação de AASM foram projetadas abaixo da camada de mistura através da técnica de Cooper & Haines (1996). Os resultados mostraram que o experimento com assimilação de dados ao longo da trilha dos satélites com a janela de 2 dias e com parametrizações da matriz de covariância específicas para sub-regiões da METAREA V foi o mais acurado. Ele reconstruiu completamente a altura da superfície do mar e também proporcionou melhorias na circulação oceânica reproduzida pelo modelo. Por exemplo, houve substancial melhoria da representação nos campos da Corrente do Brasil e Subcorrente Norte do Brasil. Entretanto, tendo em vista que não foi realizada a assimilação de perfis verticais de temperatura e de salinidade e da temperatura da superfície do mar, a metodologia apresentada deve ser considerada apenas como um passo na conquista de uma análise oceânica e de um sistema previsor de qualidade para fins operacionais. Palavras-chave: assimilação de dados, interpolação ótima, técnica de Cooper & Haines, dados de altimetria.
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Sánchez-González, Maria J., Maria C. Sánchez-Guerrero, Evangelina Medrano, Manuel E. Porras, Esteban J. Baeza, and Pilar Lorenzo. "Carbon dioxide enrichment: a technique to mitigate the negative effects of salinity on the productivity of high value tomatoes." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): e0903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016142-8392.
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The present study was conducted to determine the mitigating influence of greenhouse CO2 enrichment on the negative effects of salinity in Mediterranean conditions. Hybrid Raf (cv. Delizia) tomato plants were exposed to two salinity levels of the nutrient solution (5 and 7 dS/m) obtained by adding NaCl, and two CO2 concentrations (350 and 800 μmol/mol) in which CO2 enrichment was applied during the daytime according to a strategy linked to ventilation. Increasing water salinity negatively affected the leaf area index (LAI), the specific leaf area (SLA), the water use efficiency (WUE), the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and dry weight (DW) accumulation resulting in lower marketable yield. The high salinity treatment (7 dS/m) increased fruit firmness (N), total soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), whereas pH was reduced in the three ripening stages: mature green/breaker (G), turning (T), and pink/light red (P). Also, the increase in electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution led to a general change in intensity of the sensory characteristics of tomato fruits. On the other hand, CO2 enrichment did not affect LAI although SLA was reduced. RUE and DW accumulation were increased resulting in higher marketable yield, through positive effects on fruit number and their average weight. WUE was enhanced by CO2 supply mainly through increased growth and yield. Physical-chemical quality parameters such as fruit firmness, TA and pH were not affected by CO2 enrichment whereas SSC was enhanced. Greenhouse CO2 enrichment did mitigate the negative effect of saline conditions on productivity without compromising organoleptic and sensory fruit quality.
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Huang, Bo, Mengkai Guang, Jun Ye, Ping Gong, and Hua Tang. "Effect of Increasing Doses ofγ-Radiation on Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Grown on Smooth and Rough Titanium Surfaces." Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/359416.
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Radiation therapy for oral and maxillofacial tumors could damage bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in jaw, which caused dental implant failure. However, how radiation affects BMSCs on SLA (sandblasted with large-grits, acid-etched) surfaces is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of different dose ofγ-radiation on BMSCs on SLA and PT (polished titanium) surfaces. Rat BMSCs were radiated with 2, 4, and 8 Gyγ-radiation and then seeded on both surfaces. Cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation were tested. The osteogenesis and the adipogenesis ability were examined by Alizarin-Red and Oil-Red staining, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed to detect osteogenic (osteocalcin, OCN; runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2) and adipogenic (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, PPARγ) gene expression at days 7 and 14 postirradiation. Results showed thatγ-radiation reduced cell proliferation, adhesion, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation. 2 Gy radiation promoted adipogenic differentiation, but it was significantly decreased when dosage reached 4 Gy. In conclusion, results suggest thatγ-radiation influenced BMSCs behaviors in a dosage-dependent manner except adipogenic differentiation, low dose promoted it, and high dose inhibited it. This effect was influenced by surface characteristics, which may explain the different failure rate of various implants in patients after radiation.
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Cousens, R. D., J. W. Warringa, J. E. Cameron, and V. Hoy. "Early growth and development of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) in relation to wheat." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 7 (2001): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00150.
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Raphanus raphanistrum was grown in monoculture and as a range of cohorts of emergence in mixture with wheat. Growth and development were recorded at frequent intervals up to anthesis of the wheat.R. raphanistrum remained shorter than wheat, only over-topping the crop prior to anthesis for 2 of 7 sowing dates. When expressed in terms of photothermal time, growth in monocultures was similar for all sowing dates except those for wheat in mid-summer. Even a short delay in R. raphanistrumemergence in mixture decreased its growth considerably; R. raphanistrum emerging more than 4 weeks after the crop had no detectable effect on the wheat. However, even R. raphanistrum plants emerging 10 weeks after the crop produced some seeds. In mixture, R. raphanistrum had a higher specific leaf area (SLA), reduced leaf partitioning, and taller stems than in monoculture. A physiological growth model based on parameters from monocultures was unable to predict growth in mixtures; inclusion of changes in SLA and height in mixture improved predictions in some cases. It is concluded that competition models based on monoculture parameters, although previously successful for species with similar height and phasic development, are unlikely to work for species that differ in these attributes. Further work is required on the physiology of plants within mixtures.
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Smith, T. P., G. A. Rohrer, L. J. Alexander, D. L. Troyer, K. R. Kirby-Dobbels, M. A. Janzen, D. L. Cornwell, C. F. Louis, L. B. Schook, and C. W. Beattie. "Directed integration of the physical and genetic linkage maps of swine chromosome 7 reveals that the SLA spans the centromere." Genome Research 5, no. 3 (October 1, 1995): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.5.3.259.
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Chaddad, Karim, AndréF H. Ferreira, Nico Geurs, and Michael S. Reddy. "Influence of Surface Characteristics on Survival Rates of Mini-Implants." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/100206-401.1.
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Abstract Objective: To compare the clinical performance and the survival rate of two mini-implant systems with different surface characteristics under immediate orthodontic loading. Materials and Methods: Seventeen machined titanium (MT) mini-implants and 15 sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) mini-implants were placed in 10 patients. The mini-implants were immediately loaded and the patients seen at 7, 14, 30, 60, and 150 days. Clinical parameters such as anatomical location, character of the soft tissue at the screw head emergence, type of mini-implant system, diameter, and length were analyzed. In addition, the insertion torque recorded at the time of insertion was also assessed. Survival rate and clinical parameters were evaluated by the chi-square exact tests using the SAS version 9.1. Results: The overall survival rate was 87.5%. Over the four failing mini-implants, three were MT and one SLA resulting in an individual survival rate of 82.4% and 93.4%, respectively. In the failure group, all the fixtures had their screw emergence at the oral mucosa and recorded a torque range of less than 15 Ncm. The insertion torque statistically influenced the survival rate of the mini-implants (P < .05). Surface treatment, anatomical location, as well as soft tissue emergence were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Surface characteristics did not appear to influence survival rates of immediately loaded mini-implants.
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Souza, Orivaldo Florencio de, Cândido Simões Pires Neto, and Fernando José De Sá Pereira Guimarães. "Comparison and cross-validation of anthropometric and bioelectric impedance equations to estimate lean body mass of ctro students." Revista Paulista de Educação Física 12, no. 2 (December 20, 1998): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.1998.139545.
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Este estudo objetivou comparar e realizar a validação cruzada da predição da massa corporal magra (MCM) proveniente de equações antropométricas e da impedância bioelétrica, utilizando a MCM obtida após a densidade corporal, M CM den, de alunos do Núcleo de Preparação de Oficiais da Reserva (NPOR), como variável critério. A amostra foi composta por 18 alunos (7 idade = 18,5 ± 0,4 anos) e as variáveis analisadas foram: massa corporal (MC), estatura (E), perímetro abdominal umbilical (pabu), dobra cutânea abdominal horizontal (dcabh) e densidade corporal pelo peso hidrostático. O aparelho Valhalla 1990B gerou a M C M valh, a resistência e reatância. A estatística constou da correlação de Pearson, coeficiente de determinação, regressão linear simples e teste t dependente. As equações antropométricas de Wilmore & Behnke (1969) (WB1 e WB2) e a de Slaughter & Lohman (1980) (SLA), as equações de impedância bioelétrica de Lohman (1992) (LOH), de Segal et alii (1988) (SEG) e a M C M valh informada pelo Valhalla 1990B, foram utilizadas como variáveis preditoras. Somente a equação antropométrica WB2 (MCM = 44,636 + 1,0817*MC - 0,7396*pabu) apresentou validação cruzada em relação a M CM den- A s equações WB1, LOH, SEG e M C M valh não foram validadas por apresentarem diferenças significativas com a M C M den ,e a de SLA por elevado erro padrão de estimativa
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Choi, Won-Suh, Jin-Sung Kim, Kyeong-Sik Ryu, Jung-Woo Hur, and Ji-Hoon Seong. "Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion at L5-S1 through a Unilateral Approach: Technical Feasibility and Outcomes." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2518394.
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Background. Minimally invasive spinal transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) at L5-S1 is technically more demanding than it is at other levels because of the anatomical and biomechanical traits.Objective. To determine the clinical and radiological outcomes of MIS-TLIF for treatment of single-level spinal stenosis low-grade isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5-S1.Methods. Radiological data and electronic medical records of patients who underwent MIS-TLIF between May 2012 and December 2014 were reviewed. Fusion rate, cage position, disc height (DH), disc angle (DA), disc slope angle, segmental lordotic angle (SLA), lumbar lordotic angle (LLA), and pelvic parameters were assessed. For functional assessment, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and patient satisfaction rate (PSR) were utilized.Results. A total of 21 levels in 21 patients were studied. DH, DA, SLA, and LLA had increased from their preoperative measures at the final follow-up. Fusion rate was 86.7% (18/21) at 12 months’ follow-up. The most common cage position was anteromedial (15/21). The mean VAS scores for back and leg pain mean ODI scores improved significantly at the final follow-up. PSR was 88%. Cage subsidence was observed in 33.3% (7/21).Conclusions. The clinical and radiologic outcomes after MIS-TLIF at L5-S1 in patients with spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis are generally favorable.
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Lilakhunakon, Charukrit, Jintamai Suwanpateeb, and Somying Patntirapong. "Inhibitory Effects of Alendronate on Adhesion and Viability of Preosteoblast Cells on Titanium Discs." European Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 03 (June 7, 2021): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726170.
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Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of alendronate (ALN; a bisphosphonate) on adhesion and viability of preosteoblasts using different cell passages on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces. Materials and Methods Preosteoblast, MC3T3, cells (passage 42; P42 and passage 62; P62) were cultured with ALN (1 and 5 µM) on cell culture plate for 7 days. Cells were lifted, counted, and seeded on SLA Ti surfaces. Cells were incubated on the discs for 6 hours to examine cell adhesion by using confocal microscopy and for 24 hours to determine cell viability by using MTT assay. Results ALN interfered with cell adhesion on Ti surfaces by reducing the cell number in both cell passages. Nuclei of untreated cells showed oval shape, whereas some nuclei of ALN-treated cells demonstrated crescent and condensed appearance. ALN at 1 and 5 µM significantly decreased nuclear area and perimeter in P42, while ALN at 5 µM reduced nuclear area and perimeter in P62. After 24 hours, cells (P42) grown on Ti surfaces showed decreased cell viability when culturing with 5 µM ALN. Conclusion ALN reduced cell adhesion and viability of preosteoblasts on Ti surfaces. ALN treatment seemed to exert higher inhibitory effects on nuclear shape and size as well as cell viability in lower cell passage. This led to the reduction in cell to implant surface interaction after encountering bisphosphonate treatment.
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Schütte, Florian, Peter Brandt, and Johannes Karstensen. "Occurrence and characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean." Ocean Science 12, no. 3 (May 13, 2016): 663–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-663-2016.
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Abstract. Coherent mesoscale features (referred to here as eddies) in the tropical northeastern Atlantic Ocean (between 12–22° N and 15–26° W) are examined and characterized. The eddies' surface signatures are investigated using 19 years of satellite-derived sea level anomaly (SLA) data. Two automated detection methods are applied, the geometrical method based on closed streamlines around eddy cores, and the Okubo–Weiß method based on the relation between vorticity and strain. Both methods give similar results. Mean eddy surface signatures of SLA, sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) anomalies are obtained from composites of all snapshots around identified eddy cores. Anticyclones/cyclones are identified by an elevation/depression of SLA and enhanced/reduced SST and SSS in their cores. However, about 20 % of all anticyclonically rotating eddies show reduced SST and reduced SSS instead. These kind of eddies are classified as anticyclonic mode-water eddies (ACMEs). About 146 ± 4 eddies per year with a minimum lifetime of 7 days are identified (52 % cyclones, 39 % anticyclones, 9 % ACMEs) with rather similar mean radii of about 56 ± 12 km. Based on concurrent in situ temperature and salinity profiles (from Argo float, shipboard, and mooring data) taken inside of eddies, distinct mean vertical structures of the three eddy types are determined. Most eddies are generated preferentially in boreal summer and along the West African coast at three distinct coastal headland regions and carry South Atlantic Central Water supplied by the northward flow within the Mauretanian coastal current system. Westward eddy propagation (on average about 3.00 ± 2.15 km d−1) is confined to distinct zonal corridors with a small meridional deflection dependent on the eddy type (anticyclones – equatorward, cyclones – poleward, ACMEs – no deflection). Heat and salt fluxes out of the coastal region and across the Cape Verde Frontal Zone, which separates the shadow zone from the ventilated subtropical gyre, are calculated.
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Winterbottom, Michael. "W. Hensellek, P. Schilling (edd.): Specimina eines Lexicon Augustinianum (SLA), 7. Vienna: österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1993. Loose-leaf, öS 242." Classical Review 45, no. 2 (October 1995): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00294882.
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Revilla-Leon, Marta, Marina Olea-Vielba, Ana Esteso-Díaz, Iñaki Martinez-Klemm, Jose Manuel Reuss Rodriguez-Vilaboa, and Mutlu Özcan. "New fabrication method using additive manufacturing technologies for the pattern of pressed lithium disilicate onlay restorations." Brazilian Dental Science 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i4.1364.
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<p>There are 7 categories for the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and a wide variety of materials that can be used to build a computer aided designed (CAD) 3-Dimensional (3D) object. The present article reviews the main AM processes for polymers for dental applications: stereolithography (SLA), direct light processing (DLP), material jetting (MJ) and material extrusion (ME). The manufacturing process, accuracy and precision of these methods will be reviewed, as well as, their prosthodontic applications.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>3D printing; Additive manufacturing technologies; Direct light processing; Fused deposition modelling; Material extrusion; Material jetting; Multijet printing; Prosthodontics; Stereolitography.</p>
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Hasson, S., V. Lucarini, M. R. Khan, M. Petitta, T. Bolch, and G. Gioli. "Early 21st century climatology of snow cover for the western river basins of the Indus River System." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 4, 2013): 13145–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-13145-2013.
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Abstract. In this paper we assess the snow cover and its dynamics for the western river basins of the Indus River System (IRS) and their sub-basins located in Afghanistan, China, India and Pakistan for the period 2001–2012. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) daily snow products from Terra (MOD) and Aqua (MYD) have been first improved and then analysed on seasonal and annual basis against different topographic parameters (aspect, elevation and slope). Our applied cloud filtering technique has reduced the cloud cover from 37% (MOD) and 43% (MYD) to 7%, thus improving snow cover estimates from 7% (MOD) and 5% (MYD) to 14% for the area of interest (AOI) during the validation period (2004). Our results show a decreasing tendency for the annual average snow cover for the westerlies-influenced basins (Upper Indus Basin, Astore, Hunza, Shigar, Shyok) and an increasing tendency for the monsoon-influenced basins (Jhelum, Kabul, Swat and Gilgit). Regarding the seasonal snow cover, decrease during winter and autumn and increase during spring and summer has been found, which is consistent with the observed cooling and warming trends during the respective seasons. Sub-basins at relatively higher latitude/altitude show higher variability than basins at lower latitude/mid-altitude. Northeastern and northwestern aspects feature larger snow cover. The mean regional snow line altitude (SLA) zones range between 3000 and 5000 m a.s.l. for all basins. Our analysis provides an indication of a decrease in the regional SLA zone, thus indicating a change in the water resources of the studied basins, particularly for the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). Such results are consistent with the observed hydro-climate data, recently collected local perceptions and glacier mass balances for the investigated period. Moreover, our analysis suggests some potential for the seasonal stream flow forecast as a significant negative correlation has been detected for the inter-annual variability of winter snow cover and value of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index of the previous autumn.
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Sarchielli, P., R. Tarducci, O. Presciutti, F. Vicinanza, G. Guercini, G. P. Pelliccioli, G. Gobbi, and V. Gallai. "Spettroscopia protonica in vivo nello studio della sclerosi laterale amiotrofica." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 13, no. 1 (February 2000): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090001300111.
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Il presente studio è stato volto a verificare le modificazioni di alcuni metaboliti cerebrali in corso di SLA mediante RM spettroscopica cerebrale e quantificazione assoluta dei metaboliti. Sono stati studiati 12 pazienti affetti da sclerosi laterale amiotrofica, di sesso maschile ed età media: 53,0 ± 5,32 anni, 7 nella forma definita e 5 nella forma probabile. Lo studio ha evidenziato, a livello della sostanza grigia dell'area motoria primaria, una riduzione significativa dei livelli di N-Acetil-Aspartato rispetto ai soggetti di controllo (8,5 ± 0,6 mM vs 10,4 ± 0,7 mM, p< 0,001), più marcata nei pazienti ad esordio bulbare ed in quelli con evidenze neuroradiologiche di ipointensità di segnale a carico della corteccia motoria. Non erano evidenti differenze significative relativamente ai valori di N-Acetil-Aspartato tra pazienti con diagnosi definita e quelli con forma probabile.
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Shukla, Aparna, Siddhi Garg, Manish Mehta, Vinit Kumar, and Uma Kant Shukla. "Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 1245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1245-2020.
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Abstract. The importance of updated knowledge about the glacier extent and characteristics in the Himalaya cannot be overemphasized. Availability of precise glacier inventories in the latitudinally diverse western Himalayan region is particularly crucial. In this study we have created an inventory of the Suru sub-basin in the western Himalaya for the year 2017 using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. Changes in glacier parameters have also been monitored from 1971 to 2017 using temporal satellite remote-sensing data and limited field observations. Inventory data show that the sub-basin has 252 glaciers covering 11 % of the basin, having an average slope of 25±6∘ (standard deviations have been italicized throughout the text) and dominantly north orientation. The average snow line altitude (SLA) of the basin is 5011±54 m a.s.l. with smaller (47 %) and cleaner (43 %) glaciers occupying the bulk area. Long-term climate data (1901–2017) show an increase in the mean annual temperature (Tmax and Tmin) of 0.77 ∘C (0.25 and 1.3 ∘C) in the sub-basin, driving the overall glacier variability in the region. Temporal analysis reveals a glacier shrinkage of ∼6±0.02 %, an average retreat rate of 4.3±1.02 m a−1, debris increase of 62 % and a 22±60 m SLA increase in the past 46 years. This confirms their transitional response between the Karakoram and the Greater Himalayan Range (GHR) glaciers. Besides, glaciers in the sub-basin occupy two major ranges, the GHR and Ladakh Range (LR), and experience local climate variability, with the GHR glaciers exhibiting a warmer and wetter climate as compared to the LR glaciers. This variability manifests itself in the varied response of GHR and LR glaciers. While the GHR glaciers exhibit an overall rise in SLA (GHR: 49±69 m; LR: decrease of 18±50 m), the LR glaciers have deglaciated more (LR: 7 %; GHR: 6 %) with an enhanced accumulation of debris cover (LR: 73 %; GHR: 59 %). Inferences from this study reveal prevalence of glacier disintegration and overall degeneration, transition of clean ice to partially debris-covered glaciers, local climate variability and non-climatic (topographic and morphometric)-factor-induced heterogeneity in glacier response as the major processes operating in this region. The Shukla et al. (2019) dataset is accessible at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904131.
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Wongnoi, Settawoot, Poramate Banterng, Nimitr Vorasoot, Sanun Jogloy, and Piyada Theerakulpisut. "Physiology, Growth and Yield of Different Cassava Genotypes Planted in Upland with Dry Environment during High Storage Root Accumulation Stage." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040576.
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Additional information on the physiological performances for different cassava genotypes would support better decision-making about desirable genetic resources for water-limited conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological expression and yield of eight different cassava genotypes grown under a dry environment during high storage root accumulation. The eight cassava genotypes, i.e., Kasetsart 50, Huay Bong 80, Rayong 5, Rayong 7, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, Rayong 90, and CMR38-125-77 were evaluated under rain-fed upland conditions at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, during 2018 to 2020. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used. Soil moisture contents, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm and Fv′/Fm′), net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance, water use efficiency (WUE), relative water content (RWC) for leaf, leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), starch content, crop dry weight, and starch yield were observed at 180, 270, and 360 days after planting (DAP), and weather data during the experimental period were also recorded. The results from both 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 indicated that Pn was positively and significantly correlated with stomatal conductance and Fv/Fm during the high storage root accumulation stage (270 and 360 DAP) with soil moisture content lower than field capacity. CMR38-125-77 had satisfactory performances in Pn, RWC, Fv/Fm, Fv′/Fm′, stomatal conductance, LAI, SLA, WUE, biomass, starch content, and starch yield at a last growth stage with soil moisture content lower than permanent wilting point. Significant association between crop dry weight and WUE at 360 DAP was recorded, and CMR38-125-77 and Kasetsart 50 were classified as favorable genotypes with high WUE and biomass.
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Almas, Khalid, Esam Tashkandi, Philippe Aramouni, Elie Zebouni, and Salam Dib. "Fracture Resistance and Failure Location of Zirconium and Metallic Implant Abutments." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 7 (2008): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-7-41.
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Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure location of single-tooth, implant-supported, all-ceramic restorations on different implant abutments subjected to a maximum load. Methods and Materials Forty Certain 3i implants and 20 ITI Straumann implants were used in this study in combination with 20 UCLA abutments, 20 ZiReal abutments, and 20 synOcta Ceramic Blanks to form three groups according to abutment type. All 60 abutments were prepared with standard measurements: a 1.0 mm deep chamfer, 2.0 mm of incisal reduction, and a total height of 7 mm. Sixty IPS Empress 2 full ceramic crowns were fabricated and cemented on each abutment with a resin cement. Static loading was simulated under maximum loading and fracture locations were noted. Results The mean load to failure data and standard deviations for the three groups were as follows: Group 1 (792.7 N ± 122.5) and Group 3 (793.6 ± 162.3) showed no significant difference in fracture resistance while the values for specimens in Group 2 (604 N ± 191.1) had the lowest mean value and were significantly lower. In Group 1, 16 crowns and four abutment fractures were reported, while in Group 3, 17 crowns and three abutments fractured. Group 2 actually showed three types of fractures. Two specimen fractures were located at the implant level, six with fractures occuring within the Empress 2 all-ceramic crown, and the remaining 12 failures were located at the abutment level. Conclusion Within the limitations of this laboratory study, the following conclusions were drawn: The mean load-to-failure values for all three groups were well above the reported normal maximal incisal load range. The load to failure for both the zirconium oxide (ZrO2) abutments (ZiReal on 3i Certain implants and synOcta Ceramic Blanks on SLA ITI Straumann implants) had mean fracture loads of 792.7 N (+122.6) and 604.2 N (+191.2), respectively. The zirconium oxide (ZrO2) ZiReal and titanium (UCLA) abutments on the 3i Certain implants had statistically significantly higher fracture loads (792.7 N and 703.7 N, respectively) than those recorded for the 3i Ceramic Blank abutments on the SLA ITI Straumann implant (604.2 N). The ITI Straumann Ceramic Blank abutments showed uniform fracture behavior. Fracture mainly emanated from the cervical buccal aspect of the abutment. Clinical Significance The three abutments tested showed they can withstand clinical loads above the normal range of mastication. Citation Aramouni P, Zebouni E, Tashkandi E, Dib S, Salameh Z, Almas K. Fracture Resistance and Failure Location of Zirconium and Metallic Implant Abutments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:041-048.
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Alsadon, Abdullah A. "Growth Analysis of Two Pea Cultivars as Influenced by Planting Date." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 785E—785. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.785e.
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`Lincoln' and `Rondo' pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L. subsp. hortense) were planted at early, midseason, and late dates during 1989–90 and 1990–91 growing seasons. Plant growth analysis data were collected via weekly harvests throughout the growing season. Plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight were measured, and LAI, SLA, and SLW were also determined. Derived growth quantities such as RGR, NAR, and CGR were calculated. `Rondo' plants were taller, larger in leaf area, had more vegetative and dry weight, and were earlier in flowering than `Lincoln' plants. Leaf area was not significantly affected by planting date. Optimum LAI was obtained between harvests 7 and 9, which coincides with the time of highest values of NAR and CGR. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained between growth attributes in both seasons, and, in most cases, for all planting dates.
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Díez-Bedmar, María Belén, and Pascual Pérez-Paredes. "Noun phrase complexity in young Spanish EFL learners’ writing." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 4–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.17058.die.
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Abstract The research reported in this article examines Noun Phrase (NP) syntactic complexity in the writing of Spanish EFL secondary school learners in Grades 7, 8, 11 and 12 in the International Corpus of Crosslinguistic Interlanguage. Two methods were combined: a manual parsing of NPs and an automatic analysis of NP indices using the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Syntactic Sophistication and Complexity (TAASSC). Our results revealed that it is in premodifying slots that syntactic complexity in NPs develops. We argue that two measures, (i) nouns and modifiers (a syntactic complexity index) and (ii) determiner + multiple premodification + head (a NP type obtained as a result of a corpus-driven analysis), can be used as indices of syntactic complexity in young Spanish EFL learner language development. Besides offering a learner-language-driven taxonomy of NP syntactic complexity, the paper underscores the strength of using combined methods in SLA research.
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Khurana, E., and J. S. Singh. "Impact of life-history traits on response of seedlings of five tree species of tropical dry forest to shade." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 6 (October 20, 2006): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003518.
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Seedling growth under three shade levels was studied at Varanasi, India, for five tree species of tropical dry forest, which differed in life-history traits. Three of these were small-seeded pioneer (Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica and Phyllanthus emblica) and the other two were large-seeded non-pioneer (Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia chebula) species. Seedlings of all the species were subjected to three light levels (80–100%, 20–30% and 3–7% of full sunlight) comparable to sunlit gaps and shaded microsites in the dry forest. After 4 mo of shade treatment, height, basal area, biomass and other growth traits, viz. RGR (relative growth rate), NAR (net assimilation rate), and SLA (specific leaf area) were determined. Etiolation and plasticity indices were calculated. Reduction in seedling height, biomass and relative growth rates and enhancement in SLA due to shade was greater for small-seeded pioneer species. Seedlings from large-seeded non-pioneer species exhibited a stronger etiolation response to shade than seedlings from small-seeded species. Phenotypic plasticity indices for basal area, plant biomass and relative growth rate were greater for the three small-seeded early successional species (A. procera, A. nilotica and P. emblica), indicating their specialization in a more favourable light environment such as large gaps and forest peripheries. The non-pioneer and pioneer species differed only in the degree of shade tolerance, and we suggest that dry forest species cannot be strictly categorized into two distinct groups (shade tolerant vs. intolerant), rather shade preference and gap preference would be the more expressive terms. Marked environmental heterogeneity in terms of irradiance and the phenology of dry tropical trees permits coexistence of species of varying ecological traits, contributing to the maintenance of diversity in the dry forest.
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Constans, Megan, Marvin Ssemadaali, Oleksandr Kolyvushko, and Sheela Ramamoorthy. "Antigenic Determinants of Possible Vaccine Escape by Porcine Circovirus Subtype 2b Viruses." Bioinformatics and Biology Insights 9s2 (January 2015): BBI.S30226. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bbi.s30226.
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Currently available commercial vaccines against porcine circovirus strain 2 (PCV2) solely target the PCV2a genotype. While PCV2 vaccines are highly effective in preventing clinical signs, PCV2b has dominated over the PCV2a genotype in prevalence, corresponding with the introduction of PCV2a vaccines. A recently emerged PCV2b recombinant with an additional amino acid in the capsid protein, designated the mutant PCV2b (mPCV2b), is cause for concern due to its increased virulence and rapid spread. The accumulation of recent evidence for the increased genetic diversity in PCV2 suggests that current vaccines against PCV2a may be inducing selection pressure and driving viral evolution. In this study, the hypothesis that differences in key immune epitopes between the PCV2a vaccine strains, a classical PCV2b strain called PCV2b 41513 obtained from a vaccine-failure case, and mPCV2b strains could promote vaccine escape was tested using immuno-informatic tools. In the major viral proteins, 9 of the 18 predicted swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) class-I epitopes, 8 of the 22 predicted SLA class-II epitopes, and 7 of the 25 predicted B cell epitopes varied between the vaccine and field strains. A majority of the substitutions in both the T- and B-cell epitopes were located in the capsid protein. Some B- and T-cell epitopes that were identified as immunogenic in the vaccine strain were not identified as epitopes in the field strains, indicating a subtle shift in the antigenic profile of the field strains. Several nonconserved epitopes had both predicted B- and T-cell functions. Therefore, substitutions in the dual epitopes could affect both arms of the immune response simultaneously, causing immune escape. Our findings support further rational design of PCV2 vaccines to increase the current threshold of protection.
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Hu, Rongdong, Guangming Liu, Jingfei Jiang, and Lixin Wang. "A New Resources Provisioning Method Based on QoS Differentiation and VM Resizing in IaaS." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/215147.
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In order to improve the host energy efficiency in IaaS, we proposed an adaptive host resource provisioning method, CoST, which is based on QoS differentiation and VM resizing. The control model can adaptively adjust control parameters according to real time application performance, in order to cope with changes in load. CoST takes advantage of the fact that different types of applications have different sensitivity degrees to performance and cost. It places two different types of VMs on the same host and dynamically adjusts their sizes based on the load forecasting and QoS feedback. It not only guarantees the performance defined in SLA, but also keeps the host running in energy-efficient state. Real Google cluster trace and host power data are used to evaluate the proposed method. Experimental results show that CoST can provide performance-sensitive application with a steady QoS and simultaneously speed up the overall processing of performance-tolerant application by 20~66%. The host energy efficiency is significantly improved by 7~23%.
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Bala, P., and S. Sikder. "Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Terminal Heat Stress in Northern Bangladesh." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 21, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v21i1.39358.
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This study was conducted in Crop Physiology and Ecology research field of Hajee Mohammad Danesh science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the two successive years of 2011-12 and 2012-13 to identify morpho-physiological attributes of wheat genotypes in response to terminal heat stress. In this respect, three sowing dates at November 27 (normal), December 17 (late) and January 7 (very late growing condition) and eight wheat genotypes viz., Pavon-76, Prodip, BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-26, BAW-1143, BAW-1146, BAW-1147 and BAW-118 were evaluated. Growth and morphological changes of wheat genotypes were evaluated in relation to heat tolerance in field condition. Growth attributes such as LAR, SLA and LWR for all the genotypes declined throughout the advancement of growth stages in both the growing seasons and at heat stress condition values of all the parameters such as plant height and grain yields were reduced compared to normal condition.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 25-37
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Yukhno, Yulia, and Vasyl Zhmurko. "Effects of E-genes and photoperiod duration on assimilation processes in isogenic lines of soybean." ScienceRise: Biological Science, no. 1(26) (March 31, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-8025.2021.229512.
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The aim of the research. To reveal the patterns of genetic control of assimilation processes in isogenic by E-genes lines of soybean conditions of different photoperiod duration. Materials and methods. The plant material – 5 isolines of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Cv. Clark: short-day (SD) lines (genotypes E1E2E3, E1e2e3) and neutral-day (ND) lines (genotypes e1E2e3, e1e2E3, e1e2e3). From the third true leaf stage, one part of the plants was grown on a natural day (16 hours), and the other was exposed to a short day (9 hours). On the day of the start of the experiment, after 7 and 14 days, the dry weight of leaves and stems, the number and area of leaves were measured, based on which assimilation indices were calculated – RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA, LWR. Results. During the studied ontogenetic period (two weeks) in all isolines, regardless of the genotype by E-genes and the duration of the photoperiod, the assimilation processes increased. The RGR and NAR under the short day decreased in the first week and then increased in the second week of the experiment. The degree of change in the indices varied depending on the isoline genotype by E-genes. The LAR and LWR were lower under the short day in SD lines. These indices were the same in the ND lines under short and long day. Under the short photoperiod the SLA in SD lines was higher, and in ND lines it was practically the same for both photoperiods. Conclusions. The assimilation processes in the studied isogenic lines during the experience (two weeks) increase, but less intensively under short-day conditions. The studied lines, differed in the nature and intensity of assimilation processes, depending on the genotype by E-genes. Assimilation processes in the studied soybean lines are probably determined by the interaction of E-genes and the duration of the photoperiod, which is one of the important conditions for the adaptation of soybean to the environmental factors
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Sezin, M., L. Croharé, and J. C. Ibañez. "Microscopic Study of Surface Microtopographic Characteristics of Dental Implants." Open Dentistry Journal 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601610010139.
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Objective:To determine and compare the micro topographic characteristics of dental implants submitted to different surface treatments, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Materials and Methods:Implants were divided into 7 groups of 3 specimens each, according to the surface treatment used: group 1: Osseotite, BIOMET 3i; group 2: SLA surface, Institut Straumann AG; group 3: Oxalife surface, Tree-Oss implant; group 4: B&W implant surface; group 5: Q-implant surface; group 6: ML implant surface; group 7: RBM surface, Rosterdent implant. The surfaces were examined under SEM (Carl Zeiss FE-SEM-SIGMA). Image Proplus software was used to determine the number and mean diameter of pores per area unit (mm). The data obtained were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. A confocal laser microscope (LEXT-OLS4100 Olympus) was used to conduct the comparative study of surface roughness (Ra). Data were analyzed using Tukey's HSD test.Results:The largest average pore diameter calculated in microns was found in group 5 (3.45 µm+/-1.91) while the smallest in group 7 (1.47µm+/-1.29). Significant differences were observed among each one of the groups studied (p<0.05). The largest number of pores/mm2was found in group 2 (229343) and the smallest number in group 4 (10937). Group 2 showed significant differences regarding the other groups (p<0.05). The greatest roughness (Ra) was observed in group 2 (0.975µm+/-0.115) and the smallest in group 4 (0.304µm+/-0.063). Group 2 was significantly different from the other groups (p<0.05).Conclusion:The micro topography observed in the different groups presented dissimilar and specific features, depending on the chemical treatment used for the surfaces..
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Stalmaszczyk, Piotr. "LANGUAGE AND THE LEXICON: AN INTRODUCTION. David Singleton. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xii + 244. $65.00 cloth, $19.95 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, no. 3 (August 4, 2003): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263103220192.
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David Singleton observes in the opening lines of Language and the lexicon that “almost everything in language is related in some way or other to words” (p. 1). There is little wonder, therefore, that the lexicon has been at the center of linguistic research and controversies for a long time. Organized into 10 chapters, this book offers a concise overview of major topics in contemporary research. The first chapter provides necessary background information and an overview of the volume. The remaining nine chapters cover a wide range of issues relevant to the lexicon, lexicology, and lexicography. Chapter 2 looks at the lexicon-syntax interface and introduces some contemporary approaches to linguistics and to the lexicon in particular. Chapter 3 presents basic aspects of morphology and word formation, whereas chapter 4 deals with “lexical partnerships,” especially collocations, and rudimentary information on language corpora. Chapter 5 turns to lexical semantics and problems involved in analyzing meaning, and chapter 6 briefly investigates the relations between words, sounds, signs, and writing systems. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on different dimensions of lexical change. Chapter 7 tackles the social, regional, and situational aspects of lexical variation, and chapter 8 describes lexical change, historical processes, language contact, and lexical engineering. Chapter 9 explores the mental lexicon and models of lexical processing. This chapter includes a disappointingly short section on the lexicon in SLA. Finally, the last chapter surveys key concepts and developments in lexicography.
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Ростроса, Полина, Polina Rostrosa, Александр Санин, Aleksandr Sanin, Александр Наровлянский, Aleksandr Narovlyanskiy, Александр Пронин, Aleksandr Pronin, Татьяна Кожевникова, and Tat'yana Kozhevnikova. "Increasing the natural resistance and survival of minks in case of unfavorable course of Aleutian disease." Russian veterinary journal 2019, no. 6 (November 27, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2019-2019-6-14-19.
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Aleutian mink disease (AMD) caused by parvovirus is a real curse of the industrial mink breeding worldwide. Most minks infected with the AMD virus die, so the symptomatic treatment is aimed to extend the life of diseased minks until the fur maturation. This review contains an analysis of data obtained from the use of Gamavit (GM) and Phosprenyl (PP), which are widely used in practical veterinary medicine, including in fur animals, and have therapeutic efficacy for treating other parvovirus infections of carnivores.
Both drugs were administered to minks by mixing with feed at the rate of 0.1 ml per kg of body weight for GM and 0.05 ml per kg of body weight for PP.
In efficiency studies of the drugs on healthy animals, it was shown that they had a positive effect on the resistance of animals to adverse impacts (infections, feeding disorders, weaning). GM was most effective for increasing the fertility and number of kits per female, as well as for reducing the alimentary anemia, while PP was effective for increasing the survival rate of kits and contributed to their growth. Both drugs stimulated phagocytosis, increased SBA and SLA.
The combined use of PP and GM increased the survival rate of young animals by 7.3% and the number of kits per female by 0.45 animals, as well as increased the number of defect-free skins by 7%. In addition, it eliminated anemia and increased the level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in minks affected with AMD, although they did not reach the lower limit of the norm. Moreover, the use of PP and GM increased the number of kits per female by 0.7 animals vs. control, while the mortality rate of young animals reduced by 9.8%.
Thus, the combined use of GM and PP in minks can increase the main natural resistance indicators (SBA, SLA levels, phagocytosis indicators, the absorption ability of peripheral blood granulocytes, the activity of natural killer cells) and significantly reduce anemia. Furthermore, the combined use of the drugs can increase the survival rate of young animals, the number of kits per female, reduce the live weight decrease in kits and increase the number of defect-free skins.
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Pinardi, N., I. Allen, E. Demirov, P. De Mey, G. Korres, A. Lascaratos, P. Y. Le Traon, C. Maillard, G. Manzella, and C. Tziavos. "The Mediterranean ocean forecasting system: first phase of implementation (1998–2001)." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2003): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-3-2003.
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Abstract. The Mediterranean Forecasting system Pilot Project has concluded its activities in 2001, achieving the following goals: 1. Realization of the first high-frequency (twice a month) Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) system for the Mediterranean Sea with XBT profiles for the upper thermocline (0–700 m) and 12 n.m. along track nominal resolution; 2. Realization of the first Mediterranean Multidisciplinary Moored Array (M3A) system for the Near-Real-Time (NRT) acquisition of physical and biochemical observations. The actual observations consists of: air-sea interaction parameters, upper thermocline (0–500 m) temperature, salinity, oxygen and currents, euphotic zone (0–100 m) chlorophyll, nutrients, Photosinthetically Available Radiation (PAR) and turbidity; 3. Analysis and NRT dissemination of high quality along track Sea Level Anomaly (SLA), Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from satellite sensors to be assimilated into the forecasting model; 4. Assembly and implementation of a multivariate Reduced Order Optimal Interpolation scheme (ROOI) for assimilation in NRT of all available data, in particular, SLA and VOS-XBT profiles; 5. Demonstration of the practical feasibility of NRT ten day forecasts at the Mediterranean basin scale with resolution of 0.125° in latitude and longitude. The analysis or nowcast is done once a week; 6. Development and implementation of nested regional (5 km) and shelf (2–3 km) models to simulate the seasonal variability. Four regional and nine shelf models were implemented successfully, nested within the forecasting model. The implementation exercise was carried out in different region/shelf dynamical regimes and it was demonstrated that one-way nesting is practical and accurate; 7. Validation and calibration of a complex ecosystem model in data reach shelf areas, to prepare for forecasting in a future phase. The same ecosystem model is capable of reproducing the major features of the primary producers’ carbon cycle in different regions and shelf areas. The model simulations were compared with the multidisciplinary M3A buoy observations and assimilation techniques were developed for the biochemical data. This paper overviews the methodological aspects of the research done, from the NRT observing system to the forecasting/modelling components and to the extensive validation/calibration experiments carried out with regional/shelf and ecosystem models. Key words. Oceanography: general (ocean prediction; instruments and techniques) Oceanography: physical (currents)
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Mardana, Ida Bagus Putu. "IBW DI KAWASAN GREENBELT KECAMATAN SUKASADA KABUPATEN BULELENG." JURNAL WIDYA LAKSANA 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jwl.v3i2.9167.
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Kawasan greenbelt merupakan wilayah konservasi air dan vegetasi hijau (greenbelt zone) yang membentang dari dataran rendah ke perbukitan bedugul berpotensi bagi pengembangan wisata desa, agrowisata, kerajinan kreatif-inovatif, pertanian dan peternakan sebagai sumber kehidupan masyarakat di kecamatan Sukasada. Kegiatan IbW kawasan greenbelt di kecamatan Sukasada kabupaten Buleleng Provinsi Bali, menyasar pada 4(tempat) desa, yakni desa Ambengan, desa Gitgit, desa Wanagiri, dan desa Pancasari bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan aset wilayah dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan program ipteks peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam pertanian-peternakan-perikanan, pendidikan lifeskill, kewirausahaan, pembinaan adat-istiadat, keagamaan, lembaga sosial, sanitasi, dan kepariwisataan. Metode pelaksanaan IBW dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat menggunakan pendekatan SLA (Sustainable Livelihoods Approach). Kegiatan IbW selama tiga tahun diharapkan menghasilkan luaran: (1) Rencana strategis (Renstra) dan pemetaan wilayah, (2) Terwujudnya demplot industri kecil pengolahan kelapa, (3) terwujudnya sentra industri kecil/skala rumah tangga, (4) Terwujudnya demplot peternakan-pertanian ramah lingkungan, (5) terwujudnya produk wisata rural- agrotourism culture, (7) Terwujudnya kelompok belajar kelas kecil tingkat SD, tingkat SMP dan mekanisme pengelolaanya berbasis desa pekraman, (8) Peningkatan kesehatan sanitasi lingkungan, (9) Terwujudnya managemen mitigasi bencana alam berbasis masyarakat, dan (10) publikasi ilmiah hasil program IbW pada jurnal nasional.
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Kemp, Anna, John Glover, David B. Preen, Max Bulsara, James Semmens, and Elizabeth E. Roughead. "From the city to the bush: increases in patient co-payments for medicines have impacted on medicine use across Australia." Australian Health Review 37, no. 1 (2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah11129.
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Aim. To determine whether the national declines in prescription medicine use occurring after the 2005 21% increase in co-payments affected all areas of Australia or were specific to remote and disadvantaged areas. Methods. Observed dispensing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and statins were obtained for 1392 statistical local areas (SLA) of Australia in 2004 and 2006. Expected dispensing was based on national dispensing rates and was age standardised to each SLA. Expected dispensing for 2006 was based on pre-2005 prescription trends. Ratios of observed to expected dispensing (dispensing ratios) for each SLA were calculated. Mean dispensing ratios for each medicine and year were calculated for all remoteness and disadvantage groups. Generalised regression models compared the percentage change in dispensing ratios from 2004 to 2006. Results. Between 2004 and 2006 PPI dispensing fell significantly in major cities (−13.7%, 95% CI = –17.3–−9.8), inner regional (−14.0, 95%CI = −19.5–−8.2), outer regional (−14.6%, 95%CI = −19.9–−9.0) and remote areas (−9.4%, 95%CI = −16.4–−1.8). Statin dispensing fell in all groups but the most remote (range 6–7%). When focussing on disadvantage, PPI dispensing fell significantly in all groups (range 12–15%). Statins dispensing did not fall significantly in the most disadvantaged areas (−2.9%, 95%CI = −8.6–3.2) but did in the least (−6.5%, −11.3–−1.5) and second-least (−5.8, −10.5–−0.9) disadvantaged areas. Dispensing of PPIs and statins in the most remote and disadvantaged areas remained substantially below levels expected for Australia after the 21% co-payments increase. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the 2005 21% in patient co-payments adversely affected prescription medicine use in all areas of Australia and was not specific to remote or disadvantaged areas. Indeed, dispensing of statins fell significantly in all but the most remote and disadvantaged areas, and the existing gap in dispensing of PPIs and statins was not widened by the co-payments increase. PPIs, which are used at above-prevalence rates in Australia and have cheaper over-the-counter substitutes available, were more sensitive to co-payment increases than were statins. What is known about the topic? Despite high levels of chronic illness in geographically remote and socially disadvantaged areas of Australia, prescription medicine use is generally lowest in these areas. In 2005, co-payments for publically subsidised medicines increased by 21%. After this increase, utilisation of many medicines fell at the national level. It is not known whether these falls in utilisation were specific to remote or disadvantaged areas or if decreases occurred across all areas of Australia. What does this paper add? Between 2004 and 2006 PPI dispensing decreased significantly across all remoteness groups (major cities, inner regional, outer regional and remote areas) and statin dispensing fell significantly in all but remote areas. When focusing on disadvantage groups, dispensing of PPIs fell across Australia, and statins fell significantly in all but the most disadvantaged areas. What are the implications for practitioners? The effect of the 2005 21% increase in co-payments was not specific to remote or disadvantaged areas and was associated with decreases in dispensing across Australia.
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Jung, Susanne, Lauren Bohner, Marcel Hanisch, Johannes Kleinheinz, and Sonja Sielker. "Influence of Implant Material and Surface on Differentiation and Proliferation of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 13, 2018): 4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124033.
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For the guided regeneration of periimplant hard and soft tissues, human adipose-derived stromal cells (hADSC) seem to be a promising source for mesenchymal stromal cells. For this, the proliferation and differentiation of hADSC were evaluated on titanium and zirconia dental implants with different surface treatments. Results were compared to edaphic cells as human osteoblasts (hOB) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Primary cells were cultured on (1) titanium implants with a polished surface (Ti-PT), (2) sandblasted and acid-etched titanium (Ti-SLA), (3) sandblasted and alkaline etched zirconia (ZrO2-ZLA) and (4) machined zirconia (ZrO2-M). The cell proliferation and differentiation on osteogenic lineage were assessed after 1, 7 and 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and a modified Levene test with a statistical significance at p = 0.05. PostHoc tests were performed by Bonferroni-Holm. Zirconia dental implants with rough surface (ZrO2-ZLA) showed the highest proliferation rates (p = 0.048). The osteogenic differentiation occurred early for zirconia and later for titanium implants, and it was enhanced for rough surfaces in comparison to polished/machined surfaces. Zirconia was more effective to promote the proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs in comparison to titanium. Rough surfaces were able to improve the biological response for both zirconia and titanium.
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Bayley, Robert. "UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE CHANGE.April M. S. McMahon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xi + 361. $17.95 cloth, $14.36 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 19, no. 3 (September 1997): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263197253064.
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This book, based on an undergraduate course at Cambridge University, provides a comprehensive introduction to language change. Chapter 1 sets forth the history of the study of language change and the basic questions in the field. The remainder of the book is divided into two parts. Chapters 2–7 examine internally motivated change at the phonological, syntactic, semantic, and lexical levels. Within each chapter, the author outlines important theoretical positions, from the Neogrammarians to the generative work of Lightfoot and more recent studies of grammaticalization. Although, as McMahon notes, the separation of types of language change by levels involves considerable idealization, the result is greater clarity of organization. The second part (Chapters 8–12), which is concerned with language contact, language variation, pidgins and creoles, language attrition and death, and linguistic evolution, is organized topically. It is this section that is perhaps of most interest to students of SLA. As in the first section, McMahon reviews the perspectives on language change that emerge from a wide variety of classic studies, including Bickerton's work on Guyanese Creole and Dorian's studies of East Sutherland Gaelic. Although specialists might be disappointed to see their favorite studies missing, the examples provide an effective introduction for the intended audience of undergraduates.
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Mackey, Alison, Susan Gass, and Kim McDonough. "HOW DO LEARNERS PERCEIVE INTERACTIONAL FEEDBACK?" Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 4 (December 2000): 471–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100004010.
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Theoretical claims about the benefits of conversational interaction have been made by Gass (1997), Long (1996), Pica (1994), and others. The Interaction Hypothesis suggests that negotiated interaction can facilitate SLA and that one reason for this could be that, during interaction, learners may receive feedback on their utterances. An interesting issue, which has challenged interactional research, concerns how learners perceive feedback and whether their perceptions affect their subsequent L2 development. The present research addresses the first of these issues–learners' perceptions about interactional feedback. The study, involving 10 learners of English as a second language and 7 learners of Italian as a foreign language, explores learners' perceptions about feedback provided to them through task-based dyadic interaction. Learners received feedback focused on a range of morphosyntactic, lexical, and phonological forms. After completing the tasks, learners watched videotapes of their previous interactions and were asked to introspect about their thoughts at the time the original interactions were in progress. The results showed that learners were relatively accurate in their perceptions about lexical, semantic, and phonological feedback. However, morphosyntactic feedback was generally not perceived as such. Furthermore, the nature as well as the content of the feedback may have affected learners' perceptions.
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Jung, Susanne, Lauren Bohner, Marcel Hanisch, Johannes Kleinheinz, and Sonja Sielker. "Influence of Implant Material and Surface on Mode and Strength of Cell/Matrix Attachment of Human Adipose Derived Stromal Cell." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114110.
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A fundamental step for cell growth and differentiation is the cell adhesion. The purpose of this study was to determine the adhesion of different cell lineages, adipose derived stromal cells, osteoblasts, and gingival fibroblast to titanium and zirconia dental implants with different surface treatments. Primary cells were cultured on smooth/polished surfaces (titanium with a smooth surface texture (Ti-PT) and machined zirconia (ZrO2-M)) and on rough surfaces (titanium with a rough surface texture (Ti-SLA) and zirconia material (ZrO2-ZLA)). Alterations in cell morphology (f-actin staining and SEM) and in expression of the focal adhesion marker were analysed after 1, 7, and 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with a statistical significance at p = 0.05. Cell morphology and cytoskeleton were strongly affected by surface texture. Actin beta and vimentin expressions were higher on rough surfaces (p < 0.01). Vinculin and FAK expressions were significant (p < 0.05) and increased over time. Fibronectin and laminin expressions were significant (p < 0.01) and did not alter over time. Strength of cell/material binding is influenced by surface structure and not by material. Meanwhile, the kind of cell/material binding is regulated by cell type and implant material.