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Journal articles on the topic 'Slag energy content'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Xie, Hongen, Wenzhou Yu, Zhixiong You, Xuewei Lv, and Chenguang Bai. "The Effect of Titanium Carbonitride on the Viscosity of High-Titanium-Type Blast Furnace Slag." Metals 9, no. 4 (2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040395.

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In this paper, the effect of titanium carbonitride (Ti(C,N)) on the viscosity of high-titanium-type blast furnace slags was investigated. The different Ti(C,N) contents were achieved by adjusting the reduction degree of TiO2 to reflect the real characteristics of the high-titanium slag. The results show that the viscosity of the slag increased with the increasing Ti(C,N) content and decreased with the rising temperature. A deviation between the measured and the fitted viscosity appeared as the content of the Ti(C,N) was beyond 4 wt%. Furthermore, the apparent viscous flow activation energy of

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2

Lin, Chi-Ming, C. W. Yu, W. Wu, C. C. Li, and K. L. Chang. "Effect of FeO-CaO-SiO₂-MgO-xAl₂O₃ Slags with 12.0~26.0 wt.% Al₂O₃ Content on Dephosphorization of Molten Steel." Key Engineering Materials 773 (July 2018): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.773.184.

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The purpose of this investigation is to understand the effect of FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-xAl2O3 slags with 12.0~26.0 wt.% Al2O3 content on dephosphorization of molten steel. The dephosphorization experiments of FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-xAl2O3 slags are evaluated by a heater of induction furnace at the temperature of 1823 K. The results show that the dephosphorization ability of FeO-CaO-SiO2-MgO-xAl2O3 slags significantly decreases with the increasing of Al2O3 content. The oxidative slag with 12.4 wt.% Al2O3 possesses the biggest dephosphorization ability (approximately 82.7%) in all conditions. When the Al2O

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3

Pfeiffer, Andreas, Kathrin Thiele, Gerald Wimmer, and Johannes Schenk. "Laboratory Scale Evaluation of the Slag Foaming Behavior." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1309, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1309/1/012007.

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Abstract Due to the ambitious climate targets of the European Union, one can expect that the electric arc furnace (EAF) will gain greater importance in the future of steelmaking. Since slag foaming is a decisive factor in an efficient process, understanding this phenomenon is essential when applying hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI). Therefore, a method was developed to check different slag compositions concerning their foaming behavior. Slag samples are melted, and a carbon carrier is added. After a selected reaction time, the crucible is quenched in liquid nitrogen, superficially free

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4

Liu, Hao, Yuelin Qin, Yanhua Yang, Qianying Zhang, and Nengyun Deng. "Influence of Al2O3 Content on the Melting and Fluidity of Blast Furnace Type Slag with Low TiO2 Content." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9502304.

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The increasing usage of iron ores with high Al2O3 content significantly increases the amount of Al2O3 in blast furnace slag and consequently affects its performance. This work uses slag sampled on site to study the effects of changes in Al2O3 content on the fluidity of the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2 slag system that is characterized by high Al2O3 and low TiO2 contents, as well as on the phase transition law during the cooling process. Slag viscosity exhibits a rising trend with an increase in Al2O3 content, and Al2O3 in the tested slag is alkaline. The viscous flow activation energy of molten sla

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5

Wang, Baoren, Hongying Yang, Zhenan Jin, Zhijian Liu, and Mingjun Zou. "Effect of Fe/SiO2 Ratio and Fe2O3 on the Viscosity and Slag Structure of Copper-Smelting Slags." Metals 12, no. 1 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010024.

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Secondary copper smelting is an effective means of treating waste resources. During the smelting process, the viscous behavior of the smelting slags is essential for smooth operation. Therefore, the effects of Fe/SiO2 ratio and Fe2O3 contents on the viscous behavior of the FeO−Fe2O3−SiO2−8 wt%CaO−3 wt%MgO−3 wt%Al2O3 slag system were investigated. The slag viscosity and activation energy for viscous flow decrease with increasing Fe/SiO2 from 0.8 to 1.2, and increase as the Fe2O3 content increases from 4 wt% to 16 wt% at Fe/SiO2 ratio of 1.2. However, under the conditions of Fe/SiO2 of 0.8 and 1

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6

Xiang, Dongwen, Fengman Shen, Xin Jiang, Qiangjian Gao, and Haiyan Zheng. "Effect of Unburned Pulverized Coal on the Melting Characteristics and Fluidity of Blast Furnace Slag." Crystals 11, no. 6 (2021): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060579.

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A substantial amount of attention has been paid to viscosity due to its substantial effect on the fluid dynamics of molten blast furnace slag and slag metal reaction kinetics during the pyrometallurgy process. To clarify the influence mechanism of unburned pulverized coal (UPC) on blast furnace (BF) slag viscosity, the effects of different contents of UPC on the BF slag viscosity, free-running temperature and viscous flow activation energy were investigated. The slag viscosity was measured by the rotating cylinder method, and the microstructure of the cooled slag was observed by SEM. As a resu

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7

Kudyba, Artur, Shahid Akhtar, Inge Johansen, and Jafar Safarian. "Aluminothermic Reduction of Manganese Oxide from Selected MnO-Containing Slags." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020356.

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The aluminothermic reduction process of manganese oxide from different slags by aluminum was investigated using pure Al and two types of industrial Al dross. Two types of MnO-containing slags were used: a synthetic highly pure CaO-MnO slag and an industrial high carbon ferromanganese slag. Mixtures of Al and slag with more Al than the stoichiometry were heated and interacted in an induction furnace up to 1873 K, yielding molten metal and slag products. The characterization of the produced metal and slag phases indicated that the complete reduction of MnO occurs via the aluminothermic process.

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8

Kieush, Lina, and Johannes Schenk. "Investigation of the Impact of Biochar Application on Foaming Slags with Varied Compositions in Electric Arc Furnace-Based Steel Production." Energies 16, no. 17 (2023): 6325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176325.

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This paper investigates the influence of biochar, either as an individual component or in combination with high-temperature coke, on the slag foaming behavior. High-temperature coke serves as a reference. Three scenarios were considered to study the slag foaming behavior, each characterized by different slag chemical compositions. The results indicate that biochar can promote steady foaming for specific slags when the basicity (CaO/SiO2) falls within a range of 1.2 to 3.4. Experimental findings also reveal that stable foaming can be achieved when a mixture containing biochar and coke with a ra

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9

Zhang, Guopeng, Fengman Shen, Tianqing Zhang, Haiyan Zheng, Qiangjian Gao, and Xin Jiang. "Effect of TiC and Ti(C,N) on the viscosity of CaO-SiO₂-8.25%MgO-15%Al₂O₃-30%TiO₂ slags." Metallurgical Research & Technology 122, no. 1 (2024): 106. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2024099.

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Vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is a valuable mineral resource that as a raw material for blast-furnace ironmaking can lead to an increase in the mass fraction of TiO2 in slag. However, TiO2 will be excessively reduced in the process of ironmaking and produce the TiC and Ti(C,N) suspended in the slag, deteriorating the metallurgical properties of the slag. In this study, the effect of TiC and Ti(C,N) on the viscous flow characteristics of CaO-SiO2-8.25%MgO-15%Al2O3-30%TiO2 slags was investigated by the rotating cylinder method. The research results showed that in the five-element slag system

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10

Ju, J. T., J. L. An, and G. H. Ji. "Effect of CaF2 substitution with TiO2 on the crystallization characteristics of low-fluoride slag for electroslag remelting." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, no. 3 (2019): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb190215034j.

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The effect of CaF2 substitution with TiO2 on the crystallization characteristics of low-fluoride slag was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) combined with XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. The effective activation energy for crystallization of the slag was evaluated. The results showed that the liquidus temperature of the slag increased unnoticeably with increasing TiO2 content. Increasing TiO2 addition from 4.3 wt% to 13.0 wt% decreased the undercooling of the slag and enhanced the crystallization ability of the slag. There is no change in the types and precipitation sequence of th

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11

Gao, Y. M., Y. Jiang, and S. Huang. "Reduction of molybdenum oxide from steelmaking slags by pure liquid iron." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 48, no. 1 (2012): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb110620006g.

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The effects of reaction temperature, slag basicity and FeO concentration on the reduction of molybdenum oxide from steelmaking slags by pure liquid iron were investigated experimently. The reduction kinetics of molybdenum oxide by liquid iron was analysed. The reaction models were developed based on the condition that diffusion of [Mo] in liquid iron and CaMoO4 in slag is the control steps, respectively. These reaction models were tested using data from a series of experiments. The results indicate that under the present experimental conditions, the temperature and the FeO content, other than

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12

Liu, Wenguo, Xiangdong Xing, and Haibin Zuo. "The viscous behavior and potassium removal capacity of CaO–SiO2–8wt%MgO–17wt%Al2O3–2.5wt%BaO–K2O slag." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 2 (2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020013.

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The viscous behavior and potassium removal capacity of CaO–SiO2–8wt%MgO–17wt%Al2O3–2.5wt%BaO–K2O slag system with CaO/SiO2 of 1.07 were studied. The effect of K2O content ranging from 0 to 5 wt% on the viscosity, slag structure, apparent activation energy and potassium removal rate of present slag were analyzed. The results showed that with increase of K2O content in slag, the viscosity and apparent activation energy tended to increase. When adding K2O into the present slag, K+ ion rather than Ba2+ could preferentially compensate [AlO4] tetrahedron and more complex network structures would be

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13

Tzevelekou, Theofani, Paraskevi Lampropoulou, Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou, et al. "Valorization of Slags Produced by Smelting of Metallurgical Dusts and Lateritic Ore Fines in Manufacturing of Slag Cements." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (2020): 4670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134670.

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A pyrometallurgical process was developed for the recycling of Ni bearing dusts and laterite ore fines by direct reduction smelting in DC (direct current) arc furnace. In the course of the performed industrial trials, besides the Ni-recovery in the liquid bath, slag composition was deliberately adjusted in order to produce a series of metallurgical slags with different chemical and mineralogical composition. The aim of this study was to investigate their suitability as clinker substitute in cement manufacturing. Examined parameters were slag FeOx content, basicity and applied cooling media (ai

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14

Lao, Yigui, Yunming Gao, Fangjie Deng, Qiang Wang, and Guangqiang Li. "Effects of basicity and CaF2 on the viscosity of CaF2–CaO–SiO2 slag for electroslag remelting process." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019066.

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Effects of the basicity and the CaF2 content on viscosity of CaF2–CaO–SiO2 slag with high CaF2 content for electroslag remelting process were investigated by the rotating cylinder method in the temperature ranging from 1773 to 1533 K. The relationship between the structure and the viscosity variation of the slag was also clarified by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of water-quenched slags. The results show that the viscosity gradually decreases with the increase in the basicity of the slag from 1 to 3 under the present experimental conditions. It is found that the CaO does

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15

Criado, Maria, Brant Walkley, Xinyuan Ke, John Provis, and Susan Bernal. "Slag and Activator Chemistry Control the Reaction Kinetics of Sodium Metasilicate-Activated Slag Cements." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124709.

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The reaction kinetics of four commercial ground granulated blast furnace slags with varying percentages of MgO (6 to 14 wt.%), activated with four different doses of sodium metasilicate, were evaluated using isothermal calorimetry. The reaction kinetics were strongly dependent on the dose of the alkaline activator used, and the chemical and physical properties of the slag. When using low concentrations of sodium metasilicate as an activator, the MgO content in the slag influences the kinetics of the reaction, while the CaO content plays a more significant role when the concentration of metasil

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16

Fang, Jinle, Zhuogang Pang, Xiangdong Xing, and Runsheng Xu. "Thermodynamic Properties, Viscosity, and Structure of CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2–Based Slag." Materials 14, no. 1 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010124.

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The effect of TiO2 and the MgO/Al2O3 ratio on the viscosity, heat capacity, and enthalpy change of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–TiO2 slag at constant heat input was studied. The variation of slag structure was analyzed by the calculation of activation energy and FTIR spectrum measurements. The results showed that the heat capacity and enthalpy change of the slag decreased with the increase of TiO2 content. Under constant heat supply, the fluctuations in slag temperature were relatively apparent, and the temperature of slag increased as the TiO2 content increased. The viscosity of slag decreased due to t

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17

Li, Ping, Jianhui Tang, Xudong Chen, Yin Bai, and Qiyao Li. "Effect of Temperature and pH on Early Hydration Rate and Apparent Activation Energy of Alkali-Activated Slag." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3531543.

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In order to investigate the effect of temperature and pH on the early hydration rate of alkali-activated slag (AAS), NaOH was used as alkali activator, and the nonevaporable water (NEW) content of the slag paste at different temperatures (5, 20 and 35°C) and pH (12.10, 12.55, 13.02, and 13.58) was measured. On the basis of the Arrhenius formula, the hydration rate of slag was characterized by the content of nonevaporative water, and the apparent activation energy of slag hydration at different pH was also obtained. The early hydration rate of slag was significantly affected by temperature and

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18

Prasad, A. D., and S. R. Sankaranarayanan. "Thermodynamic modeling of deoxidation products and inclusion chemistry in Mn/Si killed tire-cord steel." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 48, no. 1 (2012): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb101205001p.

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The present work deals with thermodynamic modeling of oxide systems, in the context of slags and inclusions in steelmaking. The work has emphasis on oxides encountered during the production of tire - cord steel. Control of inclusion chemistry and variation in eutectic temperature and eutectic composition of MnOAl2O3- SiO2 slag system have been studied, using Thermo-CalcR software. Relatively low liquidus temperatures are obtained for ratio of MnO/SiO2 = 0.5 - 1.5 and Al2O3 content from 10 - 20 mass%. It has been observed that the addition of Alumina leads to further increase in the liquidus te

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19

Li, Jianli, Qiqiang Mou, Qiang Zeng, and Yue Yu. "Experimental Study on Precipitation Behavior of Spinels in Stainless Steel-Making Slag under Heating Treatment." Processes 7, no. 8 (2019): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080487.

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The stability of chromium in stainless steel slag has a positive correlation with spinel particle size and a negative correlation with the calcium content of the spinel. The effect of heating time on the precipitation of spinel crystals in the CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3-Cr2O3-FeO system was investigated in the laboratory. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive and X-ray diffraction were adopted to observe the microstructure, test the chemical composition, and determine the mineral phases of synthetic slags, and FactSage7.1 was applied to calculate the crystallization process of the molten

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20

Xing, Xiangdong, Zhuogang Pang, Jianlu Zheng, Yueli Du, Shan Ren, and Jiantao Ju. "Effect of MgO and K2O on High-Al Silicon–Manganese Alloy Slag Viscosity and Structure." Minerals 10, no. 9 (2020): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090810.

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The viscosity, melting proprieties, and molten structure of the high-Al silicon–manganese slag of SiO2–CaO–25 mass% Al2O3–MgO–MnO–K2O system with a varying MgO and K2O content were studied. The results show that with the increase in MgO content from 4 to 10 mass%, the measured viscosity and flow activation energy decreases, but K2O has an effect on increasing those of slags. However, the melting temperature increases due to the formation of high-melting-point phase spinel. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were conducted to understand the variat

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21

Liu, Pan, Guangjing Chen, Gang Liu, et al. "Study on Impact Resistance of Alkali-Activated Slag Cementitious Material with Steel Fiber." Buildings 14, no. 11 (2024): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113442.

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Alkali-activated slag cementitious materials (AASCMs) use alkaline activators to activate blast furnace slag and waste slag to replace traditional Portland cement, which can reduce CO2 emissions. An impact resistance test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopic performance analysis of alkali-activated slag cementitious material specimens with four different steel-fiber contents are performed. The effects of steel-fiber volume content and strain rate on the dynamic elastic modulus Ed, dynamic compressive strength σd, dynamic peak compressive strain εc, and energy absorption of the AA

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22

Li, Chenxiao, Shuai Tong, Yuekai Xue, and Shuhuan Wang. "Influence of phase distribution of converter slag microzones on the occurrence of P." High Temperature Materials and Processes 40, no. 1 (2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2021-0012.

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Abstract The phase and element distribution of converter slag was analyzed with the backscattered electron (BSE) images of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy spectrum. The results show that the Ca and Si are attached in the slag micro-area, while the Fe is present in areas with less Ca and Si. Most of the P appear in areas with more Ca and Si. The content of SiO2 tends to increase with an increase in the CaO content in the slag micro-area. The activity of a CaO increases with an increase in the CaO content in the slag micro-area, while the activity of a FeO increases first and then

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23

Wang, Zeyu, Shengcai Chang, Qiang Ren, and Lifeng Zhang. "Effect of Ce₂O₃-bearing slag on inclusions in a low-carbon Al-killed steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 122, no. 2 (2025): 208. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2025004.

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In this paper, the effect of Ce2O3 bearing slag on inclusions was investigated in laboratory scale experiments by slag-steel reaction. The morphology and chemical composition of inclusions were analyzed using an automatic scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. In the case of the ratio of steel and slag was 10:1, dissolved cerium generated from the reaction between Ce2O3 in slag and [Al] in steel was transferred to molten steel. As the content of Ce2O3 in the slag increased, the average content of Al2O3 in inclusions decreased initially and then increased, th

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24

Peng, Leizhen, Zhouhua Jiang, Xin Geng, Fubin Liu, and Huabing Li. "Effect of B2O3 on the Crystallization Behavior of CaF2-Based Slag for Electroslag Remelting 9CrMoCoB Steel." Metals 9, no. 12 (2019): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9121331.

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The non-isothermal crystallization characteristics of the electroslag remelting (ESR)-type slag with varied B2O3 contents were investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallization mechanism of the B2O3-bearing slag was also identified based on kinetics analysis. The results showed that the primary crystalline phase was CaF2, there was no change in the type of the primary crystal as B2O3 content increased, and the morphology of the CaF2 crystal was mainly dendritic. The seq

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Gu, Shaopeng, Guanghua Wen, Zequan Ding, Junli Guo, Ping Tang, and Qiang Liu. "Effect of Bubbles on Crystallization Behavior of CaO–SiO2 Based Slags." Metals 9, no. 2 (2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020193.

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Surface longitudinal cracks are a serious problem and particularly prevalent in the casting of peritectic steel (carbon content between 0.10%C and 0.18%C, non-alloyed). It is usually alleviated by controlling the horizontal heat transfer from the steel shell to the mold through increasing the crystallization performance of slags. In the actual continuous casting process, a large number of bubbles are formed in the molten slags, and the crystallization properties of the mold fluxes are affected by bubbles. Therefore, an investigation of the influence of bubbles on the crystallization performanc

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26

Kwack, Taejun, Hyungsic Um, and Yongsug Chung. "Activation Energy of Alumina Dissolution in FeO-Bearing Slags." Metals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101702.

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The dissolution of Al2O3 non-metallic inclusions in slag containing FeO was investigated in this study. The slag system used in the experiments was a quaternary system of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO. The composition of the slag was studied by fixing the basicity (CaO/SiO2 ratio) to 1 and varying the FeO content to 10 and 20 wt%. In addition, the experimental temperature was varied to 1550 °C, 1575 °C, and 1600 °C to study the effect of temperature on the Al2O3 dissolution behavior. The experimental equipment used was a single hot thermocouple apparatus. The dissolution rate of Al2O3 particles increased

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27

Xu, Chen, Xiaolei Wang, Libo Liu, and Yancang Li. "Investigation on the Properties of Alkali-Activated Industrial Solid Waste and Excavated-Soil-Based Controlled Low-Strength Materials." Materials 18, no. 11 (2025): 2474. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112474.

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This study aims to address the challenge of backfill compaction in the confined spaces of municipal utility tunnel trenches and to develop an environmentally friendly, zero-cement-based backfill material. The research focuses on the excavation slag soil from a utility tunnel project in Handan. An alkali-activated industrial-solid-waste-excavated slag-soil-based controllable low-strength material (CLSM) was developed, using NaOH as the activator, a slag–fly ash composite system as the binder, and steel slag-excavated slag as the fine aggregate. The effects of the water-to-solid ratio (0.40–0.45

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Park, Ki-Bong, Yi-Sheng Wang, and Xiao-Yong Wang. "Property Analysis of Slag Composite Concrete Using a Kinetic–Thermodynamic Hydration Model." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (2021): 7191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167191.

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Slag is increasingly unitized for the production of sustainable concrete. This paper presents a procedure with which to analyze the property development of slag composite concrete. Experimental studies of the hydration heat and compressive strength development and simulation studies using a kinetic hydration model and a thermodynamic model were performed. First, we performed an experimental study of the isothermal hydration heat of cement–slag blends. Based on the results of the experimental study on cumulative hydration heat, the reaction degree of slag was determined. We found that the react

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29

Myasoedov, S. V., S. V. Filatov, V. V. Panteleev, V. S. Listopadov, and S. A. Zagainov. "Analysis of possible ways to reduce sulfur content in pig iron." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 11-12 (2021): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-11-12-878-882.

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One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency and intensity of blast furnace smelting, especially when using pulverized coal fuel, is to increase the hot strength of coke. In the conditions of OJSC NLMK, an oil additive was introduced into the coal charge to improve the coke quality. At the same time, sulfur content in the coke increases, and, consequently, sulfur content in the cast iron increases as well. In this regard, the task of finding ways to improve the desulfurization of cast iron in blast furnace becomes urgent. The main factors determining the desulfurization of cast iron are s

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30

Myasoedov, S. V., S. V. Filatov, V. V. Panteleev, V. S. Listopadov, and S. A. Zagainov. "Analysis of possible ways to reduce sulfur content in pig iron." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 63, no. 11-12 (2021): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2020-11-12-878-882.

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One of the ways to increase the energy efficiency and intensity of blast furnace smelting, especially when using pulverized coal fuel, is to increase the hot strength of coke. In the conditions of OJSC NLMK, an oil additive was introduced into the coal charge to improve the coke quality. At the same time, sulfur content in the coke increases, and, consequently, sulfur content in the cast iron increases as well. In this regard, the task of finding ways to improve the desulfurization of cast iron in blast furnace becomes urgent. The main factors determining the desulfurization of cast iron are s

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31

Stepanenko, D., and D. Togobitska. "Regarding the interaction and capture of metal droplets by blast furnace slag." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 30, no. 2 (2024): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2024.02.003.

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The mechanism of capture of metal drops by the slag melt was investigated using blast furnace slag as an example. The role of the viscosity of the blast furnace slag in reducing iron loss at the output from the blast furnace is shown. Reducing the viscosity of slags contributes to the rapid settling of small drops of cast iron in the slag volume. It is noted that the CaO/SiO2 ratio is an important parameter that changes the viscosity of blast furnace slag. To ensure the minimum viscosity of blast furnace slag, it is necessary to establish the optimal chemical composition of the slag, in partic

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32

Iurii, Erokhin, Zakharov Anatolii, and Leonova Liubov. "Slags of chromium cast iron production from Alapaevsky plant (composition and geoecology)." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-5-90-99.

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Relevance. The Ural region has been the metallurgical center of Russia for more than 300 years, and a huge amount of waste slag has accumulated here. The study of the material composition of the slag is an urgent task. Many slags are potential ores that can be further processed. 98 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 5. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 Research aims to study of the mineral composition of slag from the Alapaevsky metallurgical plant, obtained in the production of chromium cast iron. Research methodology. The chemical composition of minerals was established using a

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Zhou, Chao-gang, Jing Li, Cheng-bin Shi, et al. "Dependence of Temperature and Slag Composition on Dephosphorization at the First Deslagging in BOF Steelmaking Process." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 4 (2016): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0187.

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AbstractEffects of temperature and slag composition on dephosphorization in a 120 ton top-bottom combined blown converter steelmaking process by double slag method were studied. The slag properties were determined by scanning electron microscope- energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the transition oxidation temperature between dephosphorization and decarbonization Tf is not the favorable temperature for the first deslagging. The optimum first deslagging temperature is confirmed to be approximately 1,673 K which is about 70 K higher than Tf. H

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Grytsenko, A. V., N. V. Vnykova, and O. I. Pozdnyakova. "Co-Combustion of Tire Pyrolysis Products and Wood Pellets." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 64, no. 4 (2021): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2021-64-4-363-376.

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Thermal power plants remain one of the main sources of environmental pollution. The deterioration of the quality of traditional carbon-containing energy resources leads to the need to develop technologies for co-combustion of biofuel and coal at small and large power plants. The paper proposes the concept of using solid waste from tire recycling by adding to the composition of the mixed fuel “coal – wood waste” as a substitute for coal slag, which is formed during the utilization of worn-out tires by pyrolysis. The aim of the work was to determine the possibility of increasing the calorific va

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Chong, Junkai, Yingying Shen, Peng Yang, et al. "Effects of B2O3 on Melting Characteristics and Temperature-Dependent Viscosity of High-Basicity CaO–SiO2–FeOx–MgO Slag." Materials 13, no. 5 (2020): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13051214.

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In order to reduce the amount of fluorite during the steelmaking process for environmental protection, it is essential to investigate the fluorine-free slag system. Thus, high-basicity CaO–SiO2–FeOx–MgO slag with B2O3 content from 0% to 15% was designed, and its melting characteristics and viscosity were investigated. The influence of B2O3 content on the phase diagram of the slag system was calculated using FactSage 7.3, and the break temperature was determined from the curves of temperature-dependent viscosity. The results show that, with the increase in B2O3 content, the melting characterist

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Liu, Jun, Chang Wei Xu, Yun Zhang, and Bing Zhang. "Effect of Slag Content on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Small Hollow Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1477.

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This paper introduced a method of saving materials and energy through making small hollow blocks with the slag admixture in the lightweight aggregate concrete. Through orthogonal design, this paper took slag content, water binder ratio and admixture dosage into consideration and focused on influence of slag content on the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow blocks. The results show that: when water binder ratio ，admixture dosage and curing system keep a fixed level, during the range of slag content 30%-40%, with the increase in slag content, the co

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Abulikemu, Yasen, Xiao Han, and Jing Li. "Mineralogical Phase of Slag and Its Effect on Dephosphorization during Converter Steelmaking Using Slag-Remaining Technology." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (2019): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2019-0047.

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AbstractTo achieve reuse of converter slag, the influence of the P2O5 content on the component activity of dephosphorization slag, the basicity of the slag, and the phosphorus content in liquid steel were studied and the influence of temperature on the end phosphorus content in liquid steel was analyzed. The results show that the slag remaining in the last heat still exhibited strong dephosphorization ability. Six heats of industrial basic oxygen furnace trials with a 100t-scale top–bottom combined blown converter were carried out using slag-remaining technology. The phases of dephosphorizatio

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Xin, Cai-ping, Feng Yue, Chen-xu Jiang, and Qi-fan Wu. "Study on Control of Inclusion Compositions in Tire Cord Steel by Low Basicity Top Slag." High Temperature Materials and Processes 35, no. 1 (2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2014-0143.

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AbstractTop slag melting experiment was conducted in a silicon molybdenum furnace with tire cord steel billet. The influence of top slag composition on the plasticity of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO inclusion and inclusion plasticization conditions was calculated by thermodynamic software FactSage. Use the thermodynamic calculation to guide the laboratory experiments to study slag compositions influence inclusions composition. Then industrial experiments were conducted based on the theoretical calculation and results of laboratory experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spe

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Isaksson, Jenny, Tommy Vikström, Andreas Lennartsson, and Caisa Samuelsson. "Influence of Process Parameters on Copper Content in Reduced Iron Silicate Slag in a Settling Furnace." Metals 11, no. 6 (2021): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060992.

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During the pyrometallurgical extraction of copper, a significant fraction of this metal is lost with discard slag, which decreases profits and overall copper recovery. These copper losses can be reduced by using a settling furnace, in which suspended droplets containing copper separate from slag under the influence of gravity. An industrial trial was conducted in a settling furnace to increase the knowledge of the effect of temperature and settling time on the copper content of slag, and thus enhance the settling process to increase copper recovery. Slag samples were collected from four sample

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Kang, Yue, Chao Liu, Yuzhu Zhang, and Hongwei Xing. "Influence of Crystallization Behavior of Gas Quenching Blast Furnace Slag on the Preparation of Amorphous Slag Beads." Crystals 10, no. 1 (2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010030.

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Slag beads with different crystal content could be obtained through the gas quenching blast furnace slag (BFS) process. In order to increase the additional value of the slag beads as much as possible, it was necessary to restrain the crystallization of the slag beads as much as possible. In this paper, the mineral types and crystallization temperatures of BFS with different basicities and cooling rates were studied by using Factsage thermodynamic software, XRD, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) experiments, which obtained the gas quenching temperature and the cooling rate needed to r

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Žibret, Lea, Katarina Šter, Maruša Borštnar, Mojca Loncnar, and Sabina Dolenec. "The Incorporation of Steel Slag into Belite-Sulfoaluminate Cement Clinkers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041840.

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The potential use of steel slag from treated steel slag in belite-sulfoaluminate cements was investigated in this study. Cement clinkers with two phase compositions were synthesized, allowing the incorporation of different amounts of steel slag. The phase composition and microstructure of cement clinkers at three different sintering temperatures were studied by X-ray powder diffraction and the Rietveld method, as well as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. The results showed that the targeted phase composition of clinkers was achieved at a sintering temperature of

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Huang, Yi, Yu Li, Zhaoyang Cheng, and Wei Feng. "Hot Modification of Silicomanganese Slag in Its Crystallization and Viscosity Properties for Preparation of Cast Stone." Ceramics 8, no. 1 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8010022.

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The direct hot modification and subsequent preparation of qualified building materials from molten slag has gained significant attention at present due to its characteristics of saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions. Molten silicomanganese slag, discharged at 1500–1600 °C with high content of SiO2 and Al2O3 (above 50 mass%), was suitable for the preparation of casting stone. To ensure a qualified casting stone, the study focused on improving the crystallization properties and fluidity of molten silicomanganese slag by modifying of its composition, crystallization, structure, and viscosity.

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Ju, Jiantao, Haibo Cao, Wenke Guo, Ning Luo, Qiming Zhang, and Yonggang Wang. "Experimental Study on Calcination of Portland Cement Clinker Using Different Contents of Stainless Steel Slag." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102305.

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In order to increase the utilization rate of stainless steel slag, reduce storage needs, and mitigate environmental impacts, this study replaces a portion of limestone with varying amounts of stainless steel slag in the calcination of Portland cement clinker. The study primarily examines the influence of stainless steel slag on the phase composition, microstructure, compressive strength, and free calcium oxide (ƒ-CaO) content of Portland cement clinker. The results show the following: (1) Using stainless steel slag to calcine Portland cement clinker can lower the calcination temperature, reduc

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Wang, Mengqi, Jian Xu, Xuejing Zhang, Longzhen Tan, and Yuan Mei. "Mechanical Performance Optimization and Microstructural Mechanism Study of Alkali-Activated Steel Slag–Slag Cementitious Materials." Buildings 14, no. 5 (2024): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051204.

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The optimal proportion of alkali-activated steel slag–slag cementitious materials is investigated by considering the combined effects of steel slag content, alkali content, water glass modulus, and water–binder ratio using the Box–Behnken design in response surface methodology. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images are conducted. The microstructural mechanism is elucidated based on the chemical composition, surface morphology, and microscale pore (crack) structures of

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Krivenko, Pavlo, Igor Rudenko, Oleksandr Gelevera, and Natalia Rogozina. "OBTAINING DECORATIVE ALKALINE-ACTIVATED CEMENT BY USING SLAGS WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF IRON OXIDE." Collected scientific works of Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 198 (May 12, 2022): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.198.2021.256531.

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Decorative cements have always been in high demand in the construction industryand the demand for them and the requirements for their performance are constantly growing. Butdecorative cements based on white clinker Portland cement have the same disadvantages astraditional Portland cement, namely: high energy intensity, low environmental friendliness, highprice. Not all countries produce it and have to import it, which further increases its cost. White clinkercements do not always provide sufficient stability of decorative and operational characteristics ofmaterials based on them. Therefore, an

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АДИЛОВ Г.А. "ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПИРОМЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ КОНВЕРТЕРНЫХ ШЛАКОВ НИКЕЛЕВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА". Научный журнал "Вестник Актюбинского регионального университета имени К. Жубанова" 80, № 2 (2025): 313–19. https://doi.org/10.70239/arsu.2025.t80.n2.37.

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The paper considers the possibility of processing converter nickel slags from the South Ural Nickel Combine in order to extract residual metals and obtain marketable products. The initial slag contains significant amounts of iron, nickel, and sulfur in the phases of fayalite and pyrite. Experiments have been conducted on the reduction firing of pellets of a mixture of slag and thermal coal at 1000 °C in a Tamman resistance furnace. It has been established that at this temperature, partial reduction of iron occurs with the formation of a metallic phase containing about 1% nickel, but without th

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Kovalov, Oleksandr, Dmytro Taraduda, Vitalii Sobyna, and Ihor Neklonskyi. "Prospects for the of Use Ash and Slag Waste of Thermal Power Plants as Raw Materials for the Extraction of Vanadium and Nickel Compounds." Key Engineering Materials 1002 (December 19, 2024): 73–89. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ji8dah.

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The scope of generation, accumulation and use of ash and slag waste of thermal power plants in different countries has been analyzed. The results of the study of the phase, mineralogical and chemical composition of ash and slag waste obtained with the dominance of solid and liquid fuel in the energy balance have been presented. It has been shown that the newly formed and previously accumulated ashes and slags of thermal power plants, with their correct and effective use, are a powerful source of expansion of raw materials in various industries. The existing methods of using ash and slag waste,

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Liu, Jian Hua, Jing Long Chu, Tian Yan Xue, Yan Fang Han, and Tao Qi. "Kinetics on the Desiliconization during Alkaline Leaching of Titanium Slag." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1322.

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In order to reduce the silicon content to the maximum allowed value for the production of high-purity titanium dioxide, a hydrometallurgical process on the desiliconization during alkaline leaching of titanium slag under atmospheric pressure was studied. The effect of leaching temperature, initial NaOH concentration, leaching time and mass ratio of alkali to slag, on the efficiency of silicon removal were investigated. The results show that when the mass concentration of NaOH is 30%, mass ratio of alkali to slag 3:1, the leaching temperature 120°C and the retention time about 120min, the conte

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Safavi Nick, Reza, Virpi Leinonen, Juha Mäyrä, and Johan Björkvall. "Towards Greener Industry: Modelling of Slag Heat Recovery." Metals 11, no. 7 (2021): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11071144.

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The steel industry, in accordance with the momentum of greener industry, has welcomed the changes and is actively pursuing that objective. One such activity is the commitment to energy recovery from by-products such as slag since the average energy content of ferrous slags is around 1 to 2 GJ/tslag. The recovered energy could, then, be used in heating or drying process among others. The RecHeat was designed and modelled iteratively to achieve an optimised heat recovery apparatus. The model shows that the temperature of different sections of the heat exchanger part varies from 170 to 380 °C aft

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Li, Shannan, Jianli Li, Yue Yu, and Hangyu Zhu. "Effect of Cr2O3 on Physicochemical Properties of CaO-SiO2-FetO Slags during BOF Smelting Process of Chromium-Bearing Iron." Metals 12, no. 7 (2022): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12071110.

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The productivity of basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) smelting process is directly affected by the slag-forming speed during the initial stage of converter. Therefore, it is essential to study the effect of different Cr2O3 content on the physicochemical properties of the primary slag in the smelting process of chromium-bearing semi-steel. In this work, Factsage8.1 software, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and a high-temperature melting point tester were used to study the effects of different Cr2O3 content on the melting temperature, so

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