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Journal articles on the topic 'Slags'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Li, Qi Nan, Guo Jun Ma, Xiang Zhang, and Xun Cai. "Characteristics of Metallurgical Waste Slag and its Heating Behavior in a Microwave Field." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.574.

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Four kinds of typical metallurgical waste slags were characterized with their chemical composition, crystalline phases, microstructure and thermal behavior. The heating behavior of these slags in a microwave field were also examined. The results show that there is a high content of CaO in these waste slags. When the metallurgical waste slags were heated from room temperature to 1300°C, the weight loss of Blast Furnace (BF) slag and ladle furnace (LF) refining slag are only 2.25% and 0.9%, respectively, while the weight loss of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag

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2

Matino, Ismael, Alice Petrucciani, Antonella Zaccara, Valentina Colla, Maria Ferrer Prieto, and Raquel Arias Pérez. "Characterization of EAF and LF Slags Through an Upgraded Stationary Flowsheet Model of the Electric Steelmaking Route." Metals 15, no. 3 (2025): 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15030279.

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The current, continuous increase in attention toward preservation of the environment and natural resources is forcing resource-intensive industries like steelworks to investigate new solutions to improve resource efficiency and promote the growth of a circular economy. In this context, electric steelworks, which inherently implement circularity principles, are spending efforts to enhance valorization of their main by-product, namely slags. A reliable characterization of the slag’s composition is crucial for the identification of the best valorization pathway, but, currently, slag monitoring is

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3

Gupta, Avishek Kumar, Matti Aula, Jouni Pihlasalo, Pasi Mäkelä, Marko Huttula, and Timo Fabritius. "Preparation of Synthetic Titania Slag Relevant to the Industrial Smelting Process Using an Induction Furnace." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031153.

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A high titania slag that is used as a feedstock for TiO2 manufacturing is obtained by ilmenite smelting (FeO.TiO2). The composition of the slag obtained by smelting is dependent on the composition of the mineral used for slag preparation, i.e., ilmenite in our study. At the laboratory scale, ilmenite slags are mostly obtained by using ilmenite as the raw material. An easy and simple way would be to prepare the synthetic slag using the individual components and heating them to high temperature in a furnace. The titania slag has a high oxidizing nature and requires an inert atmosphere to prevent

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4

Ho, Hsing-Jung, Atsushi Iizuka, and Hironari Kubo. "Identification of suitable conventional cooling methods for direct aqueous carbonation of blast furnace slags and their mechanism." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 32, no. 7 (2025): 1566–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-024-3054-x.

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Abstract The iron and steel industries generate large amounts of unavoidable CO2 emissions as well as considerable quantities of slags. More than one-half of the emitted CO2 is produced in blast furnaces during ironmaking, and thus it is meaningful to use blast furnace slags to capture CO2 while addressing the byproducts and flue gas of ironmaking. Mineral carbonation of slags is a promising route to achieve carbon neutrality and effective slag utilization. To exploit slag more effectively and capture CO2 in flue gas, an in-depth investigation into the carbonation of blast furnace slags genera

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5

Matinde, E. "Presidential Address: Metallurgical slags: A drive to circularity and search for new research agenda." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 124, no. 9 (2024): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2024/2024.

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Poor phase separation and fine dissemination of the desired components within congruous slag phases are key challenges limiting the recoverability of values from slags by conventional beneficiation methods. Slag microstructure conditioning is a pragmatic approach to increasing the value-in-use of discard slags, especially when integrated with the broader smelter infrastructure. Although not yet tested on oxide slag systems, this paper explores the potential application of magnetohydrodynamic principles to the crystallization behaviour of bulk slags. Integrating the slag microstructure conditio

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Wiraseranee, C., T. Yoshikawa, T. H. Okabe, and K. Morita. "Effect of Al2O3, MgO, and CuOx on the dissolution behavior of rhodium in the Na2O-SiO2 slags." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 2 (2013): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb121221018w.

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Aiming to optimize rhodium recovery in the high temperature recycling process by minimizing rhodium loss into slags in an oxidizing atmosphere by controlling slag composition, the effects of representative slag components, such as Al2O3, MgO, and CuOx, on the dissolution behavior of rhodium into the Na2O-SiO2 slags was investigated. The solubility of rhodium was measured by equilibrating the sodium silicate based slags with pure solid rhodium at 1473 K in air. Considering that rhodium dissolved into slags as RhO1.5, the effect of the oxide addition on the activity coefficient of RhO1.5 in slag

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7

Long, Xiao, Wenbo Luo, Guohong Lu, et al. "Iron Removal from Metallurgical Grade Silicon Melts Using Synthetic Slags and Oxygen Injection." Materials 15, no. 17 (2022): 6042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176042.

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Novel SiO2-CaO-CaF2-R2O-MgO based synthetic slags (R2O represents alkali metal oxides) with varied binary basicity values were used with oxygen injection to refine silicon melts and remove Fe from metallurgical-grade silicon. Silicon samples and slags at the silicon-slag interfaces were obtained during refinement. The compositions of the silicon samples were analyzed, and the quenched slag samples and mild cooling slags from the final crucible were inspected using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. After 15 min of refinement, the Fe removal rate ranged from

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8

Haubner, Roland, and Susanne Strobl. "Slag from Modern Copper Production Found in Bergwerk, Burgenland, Austria." Solid State Phenomena 341 (March 15, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4zdd71.

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The investigated slags from Bergwerk (Burgenland, Austria) are from the 17th century and a byproduct of a copper smelting process. These slags are typical plate slags but metallographic studies have shown that these slags are atypical compared to alpine slags. There is an elongated texture running across the slag but the typical fayalite dendrites are absent. Noticeable are high sulfur and Fe levels. SEM-EDX element mappings show that FeO and FeS coexist locally, suggesting that a eutectic FeO-FeS mixture exists. The melting point could have been lowered to 930 °C by the FeO-FeS eutectic. CaSO

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9

Zhao, Qiang, Lang Pang, and Dengquan Wang. "Adverse Effects of Using Metallurgical Slags as Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Aggregate: A Review." Materials 15, no. 11 (2022): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15113803.

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This paper discusses a sustainable way to prepare construction materials from metallurgical slags. Steel slag, copper slag, lead-zinc slag, and electric furnace ferronickel slag are the most common metallurgical slags that could be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and aggregates. However, they have some adverse effects that could significantly limit their applications when used in cement-based materials. The setting time is significantly delayed when steel slag is utilized as an SCM. With the addition of 30% steel slag, the initial setting time and final setting time are del

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10

Xu, Zhong Hui, Dong Wei Li, and Xi Peng. "Environmental Activity of Heavy Metals in Slags Treated by Electrokinetic Removal Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.264.

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Ancient pyrometallurgical zinc generated large amounts of slag. Natural leaching from ancient pyrometallurgical zinc sites had contaminated the soil closed to the deposits. Enhanced electrokinetic removal technology was adopted to treat these slags. In this paper, atomic fluorescence spectrometer and scanning electronic microscope were used to investigate the total metal concentration and the surface topography of slags. The results showed that the heavy metals content in slags was high. The content of zinc in slags was up to 114550mg/kg. The surface topography of slags indicated that that the

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11

Chowdhury, Saidur Rahman. "Recycled Smelter Slags for In Situ and Ex Situ Water and Wastewater Treatment—Current Knowledge and Opportunities." Processes 11, no. 3 (2023): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030783.

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Slags from the ferrous and nonferrous metallurgical industries have been used to treat toxic contaminants in water and wastewater. Using slag as a recycling or renewable resource rather than a waste product has environmental and economic benefits. Recycled smelter slags can be used in both in situ and ex situ treatment. However, their application has some limitations. One of the challenges is how to handle spent slag adsorbents, as they contain the accumulation of solid waste loaded with high concentrations of toxic contaminants. These challenges can be overcome by regeneration, recycling, reu

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Potysz, Anna, Bartosz Mikoda, and Michał Napieraj. "(Bio)dissolution of Glassy and Diopside-Bearing Metallurgical Slags: Experimental and Economic Aspects." Minerals 11, no. 3 (2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030262.

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Dissolution of diopside-bearing slag and its amorphous counterpart was investigated to decipher recovery potential of these slags. The contribution of direct slag phase dissolution was investigated using a biotic solution with Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans versus sterile growth medium, whereas citric acid was applied to demonstrate slags dissolution in organic medium. Potential metal donor slag phases and easily released elements were identified by comparing theoretical and experimental dissolution ratios. It was shown that K and Na were the most mobile elements leaching from glassy and diopsi

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13

Eric, R. H. "Chromous capacities of ferrochromium and matte smelting slags." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 93 (2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7354.

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Purpose: of this paper is to extend the slag capacity concept to sparingly soluble cationic species encountered for example in matte smelting and ferrochromium processing in terms of chromous capacities. Design/methodology/approach: In this context in order to develop the chromous capacity the experimental data on slag-metal equilibrium for ferrochromium smelting and on chromium distribution between slag and matte phases encountered in sulphide smelting of PGM (Platinum Group Metals) and chromium containing copper nickel concentrates were used. Findings: The calculated chromous capacities were

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14

Gmyzina, N. V., N. A. Sedinkina, and O. E. Gorlova. "Study of BOF slags properties with the purpose of their utilization technology perfection." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 5 (2019): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-5-623-631.

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Actuality of steel-making slags utilization is stipulated not only by the necessity to improve ecology situation at the sites of slag piles, but also by a possibility to obtain additional raw materials for metallurgical production. Increase of the domestic iron-containing raw materials at Magnitogorsky steel-works can be done by more effective processing of steel-making slags. To improve the technology of BOF slags processing, a work done to study their chemical and mineral composition. It was established, that primary and secondary BOF slags are attributed to basic and ultra-basic, since the

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15

Pribulová, A., P. Futáš, A. Kmita, D. Márasová, and M. Holtzer. "Impact of electro slag remelting on 14 109 steel properties." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 1 (2017): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0025.

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Abstract The Electro Slag Remelting (ESR) is one of the remelting processes in the field of metal refinery. In this process, the slag plays various roles, such as heat generation, protection of melt, and chemical refining. The main objective of the experiments described in this article was to identify the most appropriate slag composition for the electro slag remelting of the steel in order to achieve the chemical composition compliant with the standard applicable to the given steel, minimum sulphur content, minimum contents of oxide and sulphide inclusions, as well as mechanical properties co

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16

Sayitov, Sardor S., Vladimir D. Tsoi, Shohruh M. ugli Rasulov, et al. "Material composition of copper slag of the Almalyk copper-smelting plant (Uzbekistan)." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 4 (2024): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/4/4292.

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Relevance. Copper production is accompanied by release of a large volume of slag. Today, huge quantities of copper slags have accumulated all over the world, in which the copper content is even greater than that in original ores. The slags that result from the smelting of ores and concentrates of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals, together with other metallurgical wastes such as tailings, are increasingly the subject of significant environmental controversy. The only way to reduce the negative impact of slag waste on the environment can be their disposal, by complex extraction of valuable co

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Kenzhaliyev, B. K., S. A. Kvyatkovskiy, M. A. Dyussebekova, A. S. Semenova, and D. Nurhadiyanto. "Analysis of Existing Technologies for Depletion of Dump Slags of Autogenous Melting." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 323, no. 4 (2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.36.

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Pyro-metallurgy of copper production is characterized by the output of copper slag, which is regarded as a kind of solid waste. Moreover, this slag is identified as hazardous because it contains impurities, like Pb, As, and Cu. Obtaining dump slags in autogenous processes does not always meet the requirements of effective technologies, most often slags contain more than 1.0% of copper and need to be depleted. This work is presented a brief analysis of existing technologies used for copper slag depletion. The analysis of the existing technologies for the depletion of autogenous smelting dump sl

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18

Sinel'nikov, V. O., D. Kalish, and R. D. Kuzemko. "The investigation of the converter slag's phase and mineralogical properties in splashing to improve the lining resistance." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 8 (December 27, 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-8-36-42.

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The methods to improve the slag splashing operation were regarded in the article. The phase and mineralogical properties were studied for the converter slag's of one of the Europe Iron and Steel Works. The modeling results for the slags with diﬀerent compositions are given on base of the earlier studies of the physical and chemical properties.Ill.8. Ref. 28. Tab.1.

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19

Zhang, Xiaomeng, Ziwen Yan, Zhiyin Deng, and Miaoyong Zhu. "Effect of TiO2 Addition on the Melting Behaviors of CaO-SiO2-30%Al2O3-5%MgO System Refining Slags." Metals 13, no. 2 (2023): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020431.

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To improve the yield of titanium alloy, a certain amount of TiO2 can be added to the refining slag system of Ti-bearing steel grades. With the aim of understanding the effect of TiO2 addition on the melting behaviors of CaO-SiO2-30%Al2O3-5%MgO refining slags, the melting points of the slags and the phases in the slags are herein studied at different temperatures in the laboratory. It is found that with the increase in TiO2 content (0~10%) in slag, the melting point of the slags drops first, and then rises. The effect of slag basicity (R = w(CaO)/w(SiO2), 2~10) shows a similar tendency. The TiO

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20

Ghosh, D., V. A. Krishnamurthy, and S. R. Sankaranarayanan. "Application of optical basicity to viscosity of high alumina blast furnace slags." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 46, no. 1 (2010): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb1001041g.

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The composition and properties of blast furnace slags greatly affect the furnace productivity and the quality of hot metal produced. Viscosity is an important physical property of slags, strongly influenced by the chemical composition, structure and the temperature. Experimental measurement of slag viscosity requires high temperature equipment and is time consuming. Therefore, chemical parameters are used to identify trends in viscosity as function of chemical composition. Limited information is available for High Alumina Blast Furnace Slags, since much of the open literature deals with Low Al

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21

Shi, Guan-yong, Ting-an Zhang, Li-ping Niu, and Zhi-he Dou. "Study on physical properties of Al₂O₃-based slags used for the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) – metallurgy method." High Temperature Materials and Processes 41, no. 1 (2022): 424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2022-0046.

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Abstract The Al2O3-based slags are playing important roles in the preparation of Cu–Cr alloy through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) – Metallurgy method. However, the current research on Al2O3-based slag is mainly concentrated on steel metallurgical slag and electroslag remelting slag, and the research on aluminum thermal reduction slag with high content of Al2O3 is still insufficient. Therefore, systematic studies of the physical properties of slag with high aluminum content were carried out in the present work, and the influence of CaF2, CaO, MgO, SiO2, and Na3AlF6 on visco

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Metelkin, A. A., O. Yu Sheshukov, M. V. Savel’ev, O. I. Shevchenko, and D. K. Egiazar’yan. "Application of ionic theory to calculate sulfide capacity of slags." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 2 (2021): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-2-104-111.

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The article considers the issues of sulfur removal in the ladle-furnace unit. The sulfur distribution coefficient depends on sulfide capacity of the slag, sulfur activity coefficient, oxidizing potential of the medium and equilibrium constant. The sulfide capacity CS of slags is one of the most important characteristics of refining capacity of the slags used in extra-furnace steel processing. One of the factors affecting the sulfide capacity is temperature. The formula was proposed showing the dependence of sulfide capacity on the optical basicity and temperature, in the temperature range of 1

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23

Haubner, R., and S. Strobl. "Slags from Bronze Age copper production in Acqua Fredda." Practical Metallography 59, no. 12 (2022): 720–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2022-1003.

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Abstract So-called “plate slags” from the archaeological Bronze Age copper smelting site Acqua Fredda were examined. What was common to all the examined slags was that their compositions, once converted and plotted on the FeO-SiO2-CaO phase diagram, were located at the phase boundary between olivine and wollastonite, resulting in melting temperatures of approx. 1100 °C for the slags. Slags with a composition which fall within the olivine region exhibit long, thin olivine crystals in a glassy matrix. Slags in the wollastonite region have a very fine-grained structure, making phase identificatio

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Barnett, Vincent L. "Slags and Slag Heaps." Film International 20, no. 3 (2022): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fint_00171_1.

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Babenko, A. A., M. V. Ushakov, A. V. Murzin, and L. Yu Mikhailova. "Elaboration and mastering of technology of semiproduct smelting in EAF under magnesia slags." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 8 (2019): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-8-936-943.

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Technology of magnesia slags forming provides increase of electric energy utilization efficiency and furnace lining resistance due to early formation of stable slag foam and decrease of aggressive slag impact on the lining. At the same time the practice of operation with magnesia slags shows, that excessive over-saturation them by magnesium oxide results in heterogenization, decrease of refining properties and deterioration of some technological, technical and economic process indices. Therefore, study and elaboration technology of rational composition magnesia slags forming by periods of a he

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Zhou, Sheng Bo, Ai Qin Shen, and Geng Fei Li. "Interaction between Slag and Clinker during Cement Hydration Process." Advanced Materials Research 857 (December 2013): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.857.70.

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In order to investigate the activity of different original slags and the coupled relation between the slag and the clinker, the simplified slag cement system was designed in the experiment, in which clinker was replaced by lime.The reactional degree of slag in cement was determined through using chemical combined water content method, and the hydration processs were determined through using DSC-TGA. The results showed that for the different original slags, the destruction and rebuilding process of their microstructure were important to distinguish the activity of slags. And the process of slag

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Zhantassov, K., Z. Bagova, G. Turebekova, B. Sapargaliyeva, and G. Pusurmanova. "DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE EXTRACTION OF LEAD AND ZINC OXIDES FROM DUST AND SLAGS DURING THE UTILIZATION OF LEAD PLANT WASTE." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 446 (2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1491.30.

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The object of the study is lead-containing slag dumps from a lead plant. The slags of the lead plant contain a large number of toxic compounds: lead, zinc, osmium, cadmium, which are dangerous sources of environmental pollution. Due to the open storage of slags, it was found that the maximum permissible concentrations of lead were exceeded. Utilization of lead production slags allows to obtain non-ferrous metals and to reduce the technogenic load on the environment as a result of processing of slags. At the same time, slags are valuable raw materials containing compounds of non-ferrous and rar

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Gudim, Yu A., I. Yu Zinurov, and V. Z. Fel’dman. "Fuel-melting aggregate “MAGMA-1” for processing wastes of electric steelmaking." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 2 (2021): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-2-159-164.

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Toughening of ecological requirements to metallurgical production and economic factors, stipulated by competitiveness at the metal products market, increased actuality of utilization of slags, sludges and dust, obtained in steelmaking. It was shown, that from the economic point of view, processing of slags obtained at operation of modern ultra-powerful electric arc furnaces (EAF), is the item of highest interest. At present, their processing is restricted often by maximum possible recovery of metallic inclusions. At that the problem of utilization slag remains, dust and sludges remains unsolve

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Miller, Duncan, and David Killick. "SLAG IDENTIFICATION AT SOUTHERN AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES." Journal of African Archaeology 2, no. 1 (2004): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/1612-1651-10017.

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nents of southern African Iron Age sites. Their correct identification is crucial to understanding technological processes performed at these sites. This paper presents criteria for distinguishing between iron smelting slags, iron forging slags, copper smelting slags, crucible slags resulting from melting activities, vitrified clay and various biomass materials. Slag identification should entail a combination of morphology, microscopic study, chemical analysis, and assessment of the archaeological context. It is a necessarily specialist activity and superficial classification without materials

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Davydov, S. Ya, R. A. Apakashev, N. G. Valiev, and V. A. Perepelitsyn. "Industrial utilization of complex, multicomponent technogenic formations and their safe movement." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2023-3-3-8.

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The description of slags produced by LLC «Klyuchevskaya concentrating factory» is given. Samples of metallic chromium, ferrochrome and ferrotitane slag are presented. The chemical composition of high-alumina refractory cements used for the production and the physico-mechanical properties of cements obtained by remelting metallic chromium slags are given. The chemical composition of the alumina intermediate obtained during the remelting of metallic chromium slags for the smelting of synthetic slags. Charge compositions during remelting of metallic chromium slags. The scheme of covering the bott

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Babenko, А. А., L. А. Smirnov, Е. V. Protopopov, A. G. Upolovnikova, and А. N. Smetannikov. "Fundamental studies of physicochemical properties of environmentally friendly fluorine-free slags and their use in ladle steel industry." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 6 (2022): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-6-406-412.

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The article describes theoretical and experimental studies of dependence of viscosity, coefficients of sulfur and boron distribution between slag and metal, and wear degree of periclase-carbon refractories on basicity and boron oxide content in slag. It is shown that formed slags have basicity of 2.0 – 5.0 and rather high liquid mobility. These slags are characterized by an equilibrium interfacial distribution coefficient of sulfur increased to 5 – 20, which provides equilibrium sulfur content in the metal reduced to 0.001 – 0.005 %. The results of fundamental studies of the physicochemical pr

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Malzev, K. Y., O. B. Kolmachikhina, and Sergey E. Polygalov. "Research for the Processing of Stale Slag from the Ural Region by the Pyro-Metallurgical Method." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.406.

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Pyro-metallurgical copper production is characterized by the formation of a large amount of slags. The copper content in the smelt slag is 0.5-2 %, in the vessel slag - about 5%, which often exceeds the copper content in the mined ores (about 1%). This makes depletion of slag a necessary operation in the pyro-metallurgical production of copper. In addition, about 110 million tons of copper slags have been accumulated in the dumps of copper factories in the Urals. The processing of these slags which contain up to 2.5% Cu is a very important task, the solution of which will allow extracting copp

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Luz, A. P., S. Ribeiro, V. G. Domiciano, M. A. M. Brito, and V. C. Pandolfelli. "Slag melting temperature and contact angle on high carbon containing refractory substrates." Cerâmica 57, no. 342 (2011): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132011000200003.

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In this work the sessile drop technique was used in order to evaluate the melting temperature of synthetic and industrial slags, and their contact angle as a function of time and temperature on substrates of an Al2O3-SiO2-SiC-C castable containing 10 wt.% of carbon or its matrix. The best experimental conditions for the evaluation of the wetting behavior of refractory castables were attained when 25 x 25 x 10 mm³ matrix substrates and cylindrical slag pellets of 3 mm diameter and 5 mm high were used. This substrate - slag set resulted in contact angle values with good reliability. Small differ

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Lu, Xian Jun, Shu Gang Hu, and Zi Qiao Jin. "Chemical Activation of Cementing Properties of Granulated Blast Furnace Slags." Advanced Materials Research 454 (January 2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.454.11.

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Using CaO, NaOH and Na2CO3 as activators, the effects of dosage and combination of the activators on the cementing property of granulated blast furnace slags were investigated, and the hydration products of the activated slags were detected by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results indicate that CaO can be used as an effective activator for the slag samples and its optimum dosage is about 10%, but the CaO activated slags shows much lower early strength than the Portland cement. However, the early strength of the CaO activated slag can be remarkably improved by the addition of NaOH or

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Michalek, K., L. Čamek, Z. Piegza, V. Pilka, and J. Morávka. "Use of Industrially Produced Synthetic Slag at Třinecké Železárny, A.S." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 55, no. 4 (2010): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-010-0019-z.

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Use of Industrially Produced Synthetic Slag at Třinecké Železárny, A.S. The paper summarises experience with using synthetic slags on the CaO - Al2O3 oxide basis in the technological flow of the oxygen converter steelworks in TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a.s. These slags are used as an alternative to slags containing fluorspar which unfavourably affects both the service life of ladle linings and the steelwork's working environment. The content gives the first knowledge of using the Refraflux type synthetic slag to desulphurize steel, and it also provides a basic statistical evaluation of the heat produ

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Livi, K. J. T., D. J. Farthing, L. A. Veblen, and B. A. Wing. "Tackling the Complexities of Analyzing Phases in Metallurgical SLAGS." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 930–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600037144.

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In many areas of the world slags pose potential environmental threats to their surroundings. Heavy metals, toxic and radioactive elements contained in some slags may leach into drinking water and contaminate agricultural areas. Leaching experiments can estimate short-term alteration rates, but such tests cannot reproduce long-term weathering processes. Such studies are particularly important in the case of U- and Th-bearing slags which may remain hazardous for 103 104 years. These radioactive slags are of concern to decisions regarding the termination of a nuclear materials license and the sub

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Liu, Xingbei, Chao Zhang, Huanan Yu, et al. "Research on the Properties of Steel Slag with Different Preparation Processes." Materials 17, no. 7 (2024): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071555.

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To promote the resource utilization of steel slag and improve the production process of steel slag in steelmaking plants, this research studied the characteristics of three different processed steel slags from four steelmaking plants. The physical and mechanical characteristics and volume stability of steel slags were analyzed through density, water absorption, and expansion tests. The main mineral phases, morphological characteristics, and thermal stability of the original steel slag and the steel slag after the expansion test are analyzed with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron mi

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Loncnar, M., A. Mladenovic, M. Zupancic, and P. Bukovec. "Comparison of the mineralogy and microstructure of EAF stainless steel slags with reference to the cooling treatment." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 53, no. 1 (2017): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb150910018l.

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TIn the present study the differences in the mineralogical composition and microstructure of various types of EAF stainless steel (EAF S) slag with regard to the cooling path, the operation practice in an EAF (electric arc furnace) and environmental ageing reactions were evaluated. It was shown that the mineralogy of the investigated EAF S slags varied from one slag to another, depending on the quality of the produced stainless steel. The production process of the treated steel also has a strong influence on the mineralogy of the slags. The conditions during water cooling were not sufficient t

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Babenko, A. A., R. R. Shartdinov, D. A. Lobanov, A. N. Smetannikov та A. G. Upolovnikova. "Physicochemical properties of the СаО–SiO2–B2O3–2 % Cr2O3–3 % Аl2O3–8 % МgO slag system." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 79, № 9 (2023): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-736-744.

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Using the simplex lattice method of experiment planning lattices, the physicochemical properties of slags of the СаО–SiO2–B2O3–2 % Cr2O3–3 % Аl2O3–8 % МgO oxide system are studied in a wide range of chemical composition (CaO/SiO2 = 1.0–2.5; 0–6 % B2O3), i. e. viscosity, crystallization onset temperature, equilibrium distribution of sulfur between slag and metal. Mathematical models of slag properties dependence on its composition are constructed in the form of a reduced polynomial of the third degree. The results of mathematical modeling of the sulfur removal reaction and experimental studies

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Murysev, V. A., O. Yu Sheshukov, V. M. Safonov, S. A. Somov, A. A. Metelkin, and D. K. Egiazar’yan. "Assessment of homogeneity of ladle-furnace refining slag by calculation and experimental methods." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 2 (2024): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-2-140-147.

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The paper considers the issues of determining undissolved CaO and MgO particles in slags formed in a ladle-furnace unit. The assessment of slags by the presence and quantity of undissolved oxides CaO and MgO, depending on chemical composition, was carried out using a polymer model developed at UrFU and improved at IMeT UrB RAS. To determine the saturation of a multicomponent melt by CaO and MgO oxides, it is necessary to compare two parameters: thermodynamic activity of oxide in the melt, which depends on chemical composition, and saturation activity, which depends on temperature. The authors

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Yang, Xue-min, Jin-yan Li, Meng Zhang, Fang-jia Yan, Dong-ping Duan, and Jian Zhang. "A Further Evaluation of the Coupling Relationship between Dephosphorization and Desulfurization Abilities or Potentials for CaO-based Slags: Influence of Slag Chemical Composition." Metals 8, no. 12 (2018): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8121083.

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The coupling relationships between dephosphorization and desulfurization abilities or potentials for CaO–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–P2O5 slags over a large variation range of slag oxidization ability during the secondary refining process of molten steel have been proposed by the present authors as logLp + 5logLs or logCpo3-4 + logCs2- in the reducing zone and as logLp + logLs - 5logNFetO or logCPO3-4 + logCs2- in the oxidizing zone based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). In order to further verify the validation and feasibility of the proposed coupling relationships, the effects of chemi

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Kolodezhnaya, E. V., M. S. Garkave, and I. V. Shadrunova. "Areas of use of waste from incineration." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1061, no. 1 (2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1061/1/012039.

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Abstract Most of the solid household waste generated in the world is disposed of by incineration. Wastes generated during the incineration of debris pose a danger to the environment and must be disposed of. Determining the application areas of incinerator slags is an urgent research task. The article provides information on the conditions and volumes of slag formation. It is possible to extract copper-containing material from slags during gravitational enrichment. The use of complex processing technology contributes to the production of iron and aluminum-containing products. The potential of u

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Shyrokykh, Tetiana, Lukas Neubert, Olena Volkova, and Seetharaman Sridhar. "Two Potential Ways of Vanadium Extraction from Thin Film Steelmaking Slags." Processes 11, no. 6 (2023): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061646.

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During the steelmaking process, a great amount of slag is generated as a by-product. Vanadium-bearing steelmaking slags are classified as hazardous and require special handling and storage due to the toxicity of vanadium pentoxides. At the same time, such slags are valuable sources for the recovery of vanadium. The present work reviews the investigations on vanadium recovery from CaO-SiO2-FeO-V2O5 thin film slags under the neutral and oxidizing conditions in the temperature range 1653 K to 1693 K (1380 °C to 1420 °C) using Single Hot Thermocouple Technique (SHTT). The slag samples were analyze

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Sariev, O. R., M. S. Dossekenov, B. S. Kelamanov, and A. M. Abdirashit. "High-carbon ferromanganese smelting on high-base slags." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 4, no. 315 (2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2020/6445.38.

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The article presents the results of laboratory trials for the smelting of high-carbon ferromanganese on highly-basic slags. Laboratory trials have confirmed that an increase in the basicity of ferromanganese production slags has a positive effect on the reduction of manganese to the metal and a decrease in the concentration of silicon in it. However, the high basicity makes the slag high-melting and tough, leading to large losses of manganese with the slag. The use of on borate fluxes solves this problem by affecting the physical and chemical properties of the final slags, which allows the pro

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Zhang, Mingjun, Li Fu, and Huaiwei Zhang. "Continuous cleaning process of molten copper slags in a channel reactor under the external electric field." E3S Web of Conferences 78 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197803006.

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Continuous cleaning process of the molten copper slags in a channel reactor under a vertical electric field is proposed. The copper-matte settling velocity under the vertical electric field is much faster than that only under the gravity in the molten slags, and the electric field can also accelerate the magnetite reduction. Cu content in the slag can fall below 0.35 wt. % during the continuous cleaning process, which exceeds much more existing slag treatment process. In addition, the behaviours of some other heavy metal elements in the molten slags during the continuous process are also discu

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Cempa, Magdalena, Paweł Lejwoda, Klaudia Karabela, Anna Pieprzyca, Henryk Świnder, and Arkadiusz Bauerek. "Potential for the Recovery of Selected Metals and Critical Raw Materials from Slags from Polymineral Zn–Pb Ore Metallurgy—Part I." Minerals 14, no. 10 (2024): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14101050.

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Slags from the Silesia–Cracow Upland (Poland), including ten historical slags (deposited in waste dumps) and four contemporary slags (from current production), were examined to compare their chemical and mineralogical properties as well as to assess their potential for the recovery of selected metals and critical raw materials. The historical slags associated with the smelting of polymetallic ores originating from Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits consisted primarily of gypsum. The contemporary slags, obtained from industrial waste rich in zinc and lead, were predominantly spinels (magnes

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Karimov, Kamolkhon, Nodir Turakhodjaev, Azamat Akhmedov, and Sherzod Tashbulatov. "A mathematical model of the technology of extraction of copper from industrial slags." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404077.

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The article substantiates the relevance and necessity of developing mathematical models in foundry production, as well as the problems and prospects of their use. Based on an analytical review of the world literature on foundry production, it was emphasized that in many studies of the authors and literary sources, not enough attention is paid to the development of mathematical models of the technological process of extracting non-ferrous metals from slag and industrial waste. A brief description of the developed technologies for the high-temperature treatment of industrial slags and waste, sep

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Kasina, Monika, Piotr R. Kowalski, and Marek Michalik. "Mineral carbonation of metallurgical slags." Mineralogia 45, no. 1-2 (2015): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2015-0002.

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Abstract Due to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere number of methods are being proposed to mitigate the risk of climate change. One of them is mineral carbonation. Blast furnace and steel making slags are co-products of metallurgical processes composed of minerals which represent appropriate source of cations required for mineral carbonation. Experimental studies were performed to determine the potential use of slags in this process. Obtained results indicate that steel making slag can be a useful material in CO2 capture procedures. Slag components dissolved in water

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Pfeiffer, Andreas, Kathrin Thiele, Gerald Wimmer, and Johannes Schenk. "Laboratory Scale Evaluation of the Slag Foaming Behavior." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1309, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1309/1/012007.

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Abstract Due to the ambitious climate targets of the European Union, one can expect that the electric arc furnace (EAF) will gain greater importance in the future of steelmaking. Since slag foaming is a decisive factor in an efficient process, understanding this phenomenon is essential when applying hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI). Therefore, a method was developed to check different slag compositions concerning their foaming behavior. Slag samples are melted, and a carbon carrier is added. After a selected reaction time, the crucible is quenched in liquid nitrogen, superficially free

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Lebedev, A. B., and V. S. Shuiskaya. "Influence of composition and cooling rate of alumocalcium slag on its crumblability." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 11 (2022): 806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-11-806-813.

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The main components of metallurgical slags are iron compounds, which are extracted by reduction smelting. There are several types of this process with obtaining various products based on iron and slags of various compositions (aluminum-calcium self-disintegrating), etc. The mode of smelting and cooling of alumocalcium slag, formed during melting in the furnace, should ensure the most complete spontaneous crumbling of it, as well as high rates of extraction of REM from it. Synthetic slags similar in phase composition to industrial samples after smelting of iron-containing ores were selected for

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