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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slaughtering and slaughter-houses

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Academic literature on the topic 'Slaughtering and slaughter-houses'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Slaughtering and slaughter-houses"

1

Al-Khatib, Ghazi Mousa. "Isolation & Identification of Salmonella spp. which contaminated Poultry slaughter houses." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 29, no. 1 (June 30, 2005): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v29i1.868.

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This study was aimed to investigate the extent of pollution in Poultry slaughterhouse with Salmonella spp and their effect on public health .(142) samplescollected from (8) poultry slaughter houses in Baghdad were examined . thesesamples included( live chicken cages ,live chicken transporting cars,slaughtering knives ,workers hands, transport belt , chiller , chick beforepackaging stage) .All samples were cultured on special media until the growthappeared then Biochemical tests were done for diagnosis of Salmonella spp.The results of this study shown the diagnosis of (14) isolates of Salmonella spp,all of them were motile except (3) isolates, These isolates were recovered fromthe following sites:1. (2) isolates from live chicken transporting cars.2. (1) isolate from live chicken cages.3. (3) isolates from workers hands.4. (1) isolate from transport belt.5. (1) isolate from slaughtering knives.6. (3) isolates from chiller.7. (2) isolates from stunning.8. (2) isolates from chickens beforepackaging.

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Joseph, Ikwebe, Bando Christopher David, David Ata Agyo, and Rejoice Habila Tadawus. "An Investigation of the Level of Heavy Metals Contamination of Goat Meat Roasted with Scrap Tyres in Wukari, Nigeria." International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 14, 2024): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/ijhess.v2i1.2563.

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential for heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Cu) contamination of goat meat roasted with scrap tyres in Wukari using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Goat meat samples were obtained from two slaughter points (new market and Mammara). The results revealed the mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, and Cu in the unroasted goat meat samples (UMN and UMM) in both new market and Mammara slaughtering points as 1.7600 ± 1.4000, 0.0012 ±0.0000, 0.8700, 3.2500 ± 0.0000, 0.0025 ± 0.0000, and 0.7850 ± 0.0071 mg/kg respectively. Cd and Pb were not detected in any of the samples. The mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, Cd, and Cu in the goat meat roasted with scrap tyres (RMN1 and RMM1) in both slaughtering houses (new market and Mammara) were 4.1300 ± 0.0141, 0.0025 ± 0.0001, 0.0011 ± 0s.0000, 1.1250 ± 0.0071, 5.1500 ± 0.0000, 0.0035 ± 0.0001, 0.0012 ± 0.0000, and 1.0500 ± 0.0000 mg/kg respectively. Pb was not detected in all the samples. Also, the mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, and Cu in the goat meat roasted with firewood (RMN2 and RMM2) in slaughtering houses (new market and Mammara) were 3.7750 ± 0.0000 mg/kg, 0.0013 ± 0.0000, 0.9850 ± 0.0000, 4.9150 ± 0.0071, 0.0026 ± 0.0000, and 0.8650 ± 0.021 mg/kg respectively. Cd was detected in the samples obtained from Mammara (0.0012 ± 0.0000) but was not detected in the samples collected from new market. Pb was not detected in any of the samples obtained from both slaughtering houses. The mean concentrations of Fe and Cu in (UMN, UMM), (RMN1, RMM1), and (RMN2, RMM2) in both slaughtering points were above the maximum permissible level set by (FAO) and (WHO).The result of this present study show that the practice of roasting goat meat with scrap tyres is dangerous because the meat could accumulate high and unacceptable levels of heavy metals that could pose a threat to human lives, and hence, should be outlawed.

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Kober, AKMH, MS Bari, MR Rakib, and MS Ali. "Injuries of cattle and buffaloes during transportation and slaughter at Chittagong city corporation of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 43, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19389.

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The study was conducted to ascertain the injuries of cattle and buffaloes at selected livestock markets of Bangladesh during transportation and slaughter. A total of 290 (212 cattle and 78 water buffalo) at Sagorica cattle market and 57 (24 cattle and 33 buffalo) at Fringibazar and Pahartali slaughter houses of Chittagong were examined during the period from January to April 2013. The frequency of different injuries during handling, transportation and slaughtering were assessed. The data of different type of injuries (e.g. abrasion, laceration, bleeding, swelling, scarification and wound) were collected from the market and slaughter houses by using visual observation and palpation method. The frequency of abrasion, laceration, bleeding, swelling and scarification of cattle were 73, 45, 4, 3, 67 and 87%, and of buffaloes were 71, 9, 23 nd 41%, respectively. All the injuries were higher in Haryana than Rajasthani, Shahiwal and Exotic non descriptive cattle breeds. The tail injury in cattle and buffaloes was 65 and 23%, respectively. In the slaughter house, the frequency of abrasion, laceration, penetration and scarification were 79, 75, 8, 75 in cattle, and 85, 70, 0 and 67% in buffaloes, respectively. From these findings it could be concluded that proper handling and care should be taken to avoid different injuries of cattle and buffaloes during transportation and slaughter.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19389 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 74-77

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AL-Shemmari, Ihab G. M. "Molecular identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction of Pasteurella multocida in cattle and buffaloes in Baghdad." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v38i1.261.

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The aim of this study was to identify pasteurella multocida and their types by PCR in cattle’s and buffaloesi bagdad from March to August 2012 on 204 animals , including 102 cattle and 102 buffaloes at slaughter houses from Baghdad .Blood samples and nasal swaps were collected , before slaughtering and lung tissues of slaughtered animal , and from 54 clinically suspected cases of pasteurellosis , including 27 bovines ,and 27 buffaloes the samples taken included blood and nasal swabs . Pasteurellamultocida were isolated from 94 animals include 49 cattle 45 buffaloes. The typing of the isolates by multiplex PCR for genotyping Pasteuerllamultocida revealed 93 isolates of type B , 31 from cattle and 62 from buffaloes ,and 81 isolates of type A , 55 from cattle and 26 from buffaloes .

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Joshi, D. D., M. Jimba, Lucy Neave, Purna Maya Poudyal, P. N. Mishra, and M. Mishra. "Epidemiological status of taenia/cysticercosis in pigs and human in Nepal." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 23, no. 1 & 2 (June 30, 2001): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.149.

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Two hundred and fifty slaughtered pigs for meat purpose, in various localities ofKathmandu Metropolitan City and Dharan Municipality were examined for Taenia cystsduring January 1997 to April 1998. A surveillance study was also carried out with butchers, meat sellers, farmers and porkconsumers to study the awareness of taeniasis cysticercosis.Data was collected from the hospitals to determine the status of taeniasis/cysticercosisinfection in humans. Out of 250 slaughtered pigs examined, thirty-four (13.6%) were found positive for cysticercosis. The sex wise prevalence rate of infection was 8.77% in male pigs and 24.05% in female pigs. The result reveals that females are infected more than the males. Out of 196 slaughtered pigs examined in Kathmandu, 28 (14.28%) were found positive, whereas in Dharan, out of 54, 6 (11.11%) were found positive. The result further reveals that the number of infected pigs is higher in Kathmandu than Dharan. It is due to the importation of infected pigs to Kathmandu both from rural areas of Nepal and India. The results show that pork consumption is risky from a public health point of view. In environments where animal cysticercosis is prevalent, human taeniasis/cysticercosis is likely to be present.Prevalence of Taenia solium infection in pigs was therefore observed and recorded for the first time in Dharan Municipality and Kathmandu Metropolitan Municipality in Nepal.Human cysticercosis cases were also studied. Out of 23,402 human biopsy casesrecorded from Patan Hospital alone during July 1993 - Feb 1998, sixty-two patientswere confirmed to have cysticercosis infection. Out of 62 taeniasis/cysticercosispatients, 40 cases were from Kathmandu and 22 were from outside Kathmandu. Amongthe 62 infected patients, 38 were females while 24 were males. The result reveals that the infection rate is higher in Kathmandu than outside Kathmandu. Sexwise data againreveal that females are infected more frequently than males.The surveillance study findings reveal that taeniasis and cysticercosis are prevalentin Kathmandu and Dharan due to various factors, viz,uncontrolled slaughtering, lack of a meat inspection program, lack of awareness aboutmeat borne diseases, unhygienic conditions of slaughtering places due to lack of slaughter houses, environmental pollution etc.The incidence of human taeniasis/cysticercosis could be controlled by raising pigsunder hygienic condition and improving the environmental quality in the pig slaughtering abattoirs under the supervision of medical and veterinary technicians. An effective veterinary public health activities should immediately be established in all 56 municipalities of the country for meat inspection and construction of slaughter houses.

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Kalio, G. A., and A. Ali-Uchechukwu. "Assessment of abattoirs operations and hygiene practices in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.858.

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A survey was conducted to appraise the location, infrastructures, and slaughter operational activities in three abattoirs at Rumuokoro, Trans-Amadi and Rumuosi in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Thirty butchers of 10 per abattoir were purposively sampled for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and mean statistics Results of the socio-demographic characteristics of the butchers revealed that they were all males, married, within the age of 35 - 44years, literate, with a butchering experience of 16 years upwards in private or public/Government owned abattoirs. The slaughter houses were located in areas devoid of bad odours, smoke, dust and close to coastal areas affected by tides to promote good sanitation. There were no adequately constructed lairages, Ante-mortem inspection and isolation pens were inadequate. There were no facilities and rooms for handling hides and skins, treatment of inedible and condemned carcass and meat. Animals were poorly restrained and not stunned before slaughtering. The slaughter houses had planned and controlled cleaning programs but lacked efficient disinfection operations and this will contribute to bacterial contamination of carcasses. The operational lapses by butchers were due to the use of obsolete facilities that lacked maintenance and inadequate supervision. This condition had brought about poor hygienic practices that undermine the quality of carcasses. The recommendations proffered are: the provision and maintenance facilities for effective operations to ensure carcass quality, to adequately enforce enacted laws on abattoir operations, there should be enlightenment for butchers and meat sellers, and there should be effective management of the wastes from slaughterhouses through regular fumigations and disposal systems.

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Ojo, S. A. "OVARIAN STATUS OF NON-GRAVID SLAUGHTERED ZEBU COWS IN ZARIA: RELATIONSHIP WITH AGE, SEASON AND CARCASS WEIGHT." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 6 (January 19, 2021): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v6i.2665.

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OF 3,900 non-gravid zebu ovaries examined at 3 Zaria slaughter houses, 2,652 (68%) were active, Ovarian activity was highest during the rainy season and anestrus highest during the dry season (P < 0.01). Anestrus non-gravid cows and empty cows with active ovaries had the lowest (135+41 kg) and the highest (170 +43 kg) carcass weight respectively. Aged anestrus empty COWS had the lowest carcass weight (127+28 kg) and mature empty cows with active ovaries had the highest (180 +47 kg). The incidence of anestrus increased with age. The magnitude of slaughtering of young and mature empty cows with active ovaries was discussed and it was recommended that rectal examination be done before culling animals in order to reduce this major source of loss of reproductively active cows.

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GENIGEORGIS, C., M. HASSUNEH, and P. COLLINS. "Campylobacter jejuni Infection on Poultry Farms and its Effect on Poultry Meat Contamination during Slaughtering." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.11.895.

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In 1984, we monitored 4 ranches with a total of 24 houses (15,000–20,000 birds/house) for 3 consecutive generations (January–August). On epidemiologic grounds, infection of birds did not originate at the hatcheries or the central water and feed. Considering all lots of birds, the infection rate increased from 2.3% by the 10th day to 9.5, 29.7, 47.9, 65.7, 78.6 and 81.8% by the 20th, 30th, 40th, 45th, 50th day and at slaughter times, respectively. Transmission from one generation of chickens to the next via the old litter is suspected, but not proven microbiologically. A 5-log reduction of Campylobacter jejuni was shown in experimentally inoculated litters stored at 17 and 30°C for 6 d and 8°C for 11 d. The houses remained empty for 9–29 d before being filled with new chicks. Carrier flocks contaminated the slaughterhouse equipment to such an extent that negative flocks processed afterwards resulted in contaminated meat. Lack of effective sanitation at the end of the day contributed to the contamination of meat from Campylobacter-free birds processed the next day. Feather picker drip water was positive 94% of the sampling times at levels of log10 3.4 (1.0–4.7). Scalding temperatures did not affect the level of contamination in the finished products (P>0.2). An ELISA based on heat-stable antigens was adapted for the detection of circulating antibodies. Of 56 broilers aged 50 to 68 d, only 2 (3.5%) 68 d old with log10 5.4 C. jejuni/g of feces were considered as positive. Birds considered negative harbored C jejuni in their ceca at levels of log10 2.0 to 5.4/g of feces. Five out of 6 (83%) 18 month-old hens were considered as positive. Yet, none of these birds were found carrying C. jejuni in their feathers or ceca.

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Priyanti, Atien, Ismeth Inounu, and Nyak Ilham. "Prevention of Productive Cows Slaughter through Management of Local State Enterprises." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 27, no. 2 (January 8, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v27i2.1405.

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Based on the last national livestock census in 2013, the population number of cattle and buffalo have reduced by 15% compared to that in 2011. The highest reduction happened in Java that reached around 24-27%, while that in Bali and Nusa Tenggara was 25%. One of the reasons was caused by decreasing number of cows due to the increase of productive cows slaughtered every year. Number of cows slaughtered in Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and South Sulawesi had reached on average of 72% from total slaughtered, where more than 90% were productive cows. Reasons for slaughtering productive cows were due to: (1) Lower cows price; (2) Limited bulls supply; (3) Local government regulation on inter-island trade; (4) Weak and inconsistent law enforcement; and (5) Lack of understanding on criteria for productive cows by farmers. Increased rate of slaughtered cattle and increasing rate of inter-island trade volumes that higher than the rate of cattle population had caused the decrease of national cattle population. There are currently needs to improve and develop operation slaughter-houses under management of local state enterprise. The management applies on certain mechanisms that sort of incoming productive females according to different grades into allowable to be slaughtered and selected for breeding females, which could be further traded inter-island as supplier of cows for other regions. This strategy may help the central government to meet the demand for productive cows, particularly in Sumatera and Kalimantan which have abundance of feed biomass resources. Policy support is needed as instruments for all interested stakeholders including those who are willing to invest in cattle development such as oil-palm estates.

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Abdulla, Md Shefath, Md Saiful Islam, Md Enayet Kabir, Falguni Dadok, Md Abdullah Al Zaber, and Shikha Sarkar. "Utilization of slaughterhouse by-products: a current scenario in Dhaka city." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51250.

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Slaughter-houses are the places from where people get the meat for consumption, but the time is to utilize the by-products to increase the GDP’s rate from livestock. A field survey was conducted regarding usage of the by-products of slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Data were collected from total 60 slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers randomly from different part of Dhaka city consisting 20 large animal (cattle, buffalo), 20 small animal (goat, sheep) and 20 poultry bird (chicken, duck) slaughterhouses and/or meat selling centers. Following slaughtering process huge amount of different by-products are also produced that have good economic and nutritive value. The results revealed that edible by-products such as head trimmings, brain, tongue, heart, stomach, lungs, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney and tail were used by 100% as human food. Inedible by-products had diversified uses but to some extent they were also rejected. However, no one of the inedible by-products was fully rejected. Among the inedible by-products the hides had a great industrial value. Poultry by-products like blood, intestines and feather wastes were generally found to utilize as fish feed. Most slaughterhouses were found to maintain moderate to poor hygienic conditions where very few maintained good condition. Almost two-third (61.67%) slaughterhouses were used water container as water supply followed by hose pipe (33.33%) and tape water (5%) for cleaning purpose. It can be concluded that by-products are valuable materials but due to lack of management and industrial mind slaughterhouses of the Dhaka city cannot utilize those materials. Therefore, proper usages of by-products can run a new prospective business in Bangladesh. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 809-816

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slaughtering and slaughter-houses"

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Au, Fung-yee Belinda. "A study of the privatization of the Urban Council abattoirs." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1376231X.

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Chan, Ming-yan. "Sheung Shui abattoir." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949469.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes special study report entitled: Odour pollutant emissions control methodologies: for an abattoir and other applications. Includes bibliographical references.

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Yiu, Wing-chun. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18735496.

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Sadler, Ian 1943. "Strategic operations and logistics planning of Australian meatworks." Monash University, Faculty of Business and Economics, 1999. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8083.

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Au, Fung-yee Belinda, and 區鳳儀. "A study of the privatization of the Urban Council abattoirs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964394.

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Chan, Pui-sim Joyce. "An analysis of agenda-setting regional/central slaughtering scheme in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36519121.

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Khewu-Mokati, N. P. D. "The use of animals by African people (Blacks) : an ethical perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52584.

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Thesis (MPhil)-- Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This ethical case study of public slaughter has indicated that there is an urgent need to address the issue of public slaughter, because it has resulted in animosity and polarisation between black and white people living in the Goldfields. Black people feel that their rights are violated, and they are not protected by the government because they encounter problems when practising their rituals. White people feel that the government is not protecting them from the health hazards caused by black people. The ultimate aim of the study is to contribute to and amplify the existing body of knowledge with regard to the extent of the problem experienced by people in the Goldfields, its impact in their every day lives and to propose guidelines that will help when regulations governing environmental issues are drawn. In order to accomplish these aims the following objectives should be realised by this study: • South Africa is a multi-racial country so a uniting policy is needed. • Each culture is unique and it has a special value, so no culture must be marginalised. • The old policy needs to be revised and amendments made. • Identify the actual causes of these problems. Are they racist driven or are they driven by genuine health concerns? This ethical study also indicates that the following are central values that should inform decision-making: • Health. • Respect and tolerance. • Communication. • Participation. Transparency. • Commitment. Based on the findings from the research conducted it is clear that both clashing parties (black and white people) need to live in peace at the ultimate end although their description of peaceful life differs, so the following recommendations are made as to how to address and alleviate problems caused by public slaughter. • A formal meeting must be convened to discuss this critical issue. • Drafted proposals must be produced. • The proposals must be debated. • The proposal must be adopted. • The existing bylaws must be changed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie gevallestudie in etiek oor slagtery in die openbaar is bevind dat daar 'n dringende behoefte bestaan om die probleem van slagtery in die openbaar aan te spreek, veralomdat dit in die verlede reeds tot spanning en polarisasie tussen swart en wit groepe in die Goudveld aanleiding gegee het. Swartmense voel dat hulle regte aangetas word en dat hulle nie genoegsaam deur die owerheid beskerm word om hulle rituele uit te voer nie. Witmense voel weer dat die owerheid hulle nie beskerm teen gesondheidsgevare wat geskep word deur swartmense nie. Die uiteindelike doel van hierdie ondersoek is om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die uitbouing van bestaande kennis oor die omvang van die probleem wat mense in die Goudveld ondervind met slagtery in die openbaar, wat die impak daarvan is op die alledaagse lewens van mense, en om voorstelle aan die hand te doen wat gebruik kan word wanneer regulasies opgestel word oor omgewingskwessies soos hierdie. Om hierdie oogmerke te bereik sal die volgende punte in hierdie studie aandag ontvang: • Suid-Afrika is 'n veelrassige land, so 'n beleid word benodig wat mense verenig. • Elke kultuur is uniek en het 'n besondere waarde, dus geen kultuur mag gemarginaliseer word nie. • Die bestaande beleid moet hersien en aangepas word. • Die werklike oorsake van die probleme moet geïdentifiseer word. Is hulle rassisties van aard, of gebaseer op werklike gesondheidsoorweginge ? In hierdie etiese studie is ook vasgestel dat die volgende kern-waardes die proses van besluitneming behoort te beïnvloed: • Gesondheid. • Respek en verdraagsaamheid. • Kommunikasie. • Deelname. • Deursigtigheid. • Verbintenis ("commitment"). Vanuit die bevindinge van die navorsing is dit duidelik dat albei die botsende partye (swart- en witmense) uiteindelik in vrede met mekaar moet saamleef, alhoewel hulle omskrywings van 'n vreedsame lewe verskil van mekaar. Gevolglik is die volgende aanbevelings gemaak om die probleem van slagtery in die openbaar aan te spreek: • 'n Formele byeenkoms moet saamgeroep word om die kritiese probleem te bespreek. • Skriftelike voorstelle moet vir so 'n byeenkoms opgestel word. • Die voorstelle moet bespreek word. • 'n Voorstel moet aanvaar word. • Die bestaande regulasies moet verander word.

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Yiu, Wing-chun, and 姚榮春. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125391X.

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Kurup, Rajendra G. "An experimental research on application of sub-surface flow constructed wetlands for meat processing industry effluent treatment and nutrient removal /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070717.142408.

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Forsberg, Gunnel. "Industriomvandling och könsstruktur fallstudier på fyra lokala arbetsmarknader /." Uppsala : Kulturgeografiska institutionen vid Uppsala universitet, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19979418.html.

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Books on the topic "Slaughtering and slaughter-houses"

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New Zealand. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Economics Division. Statistics Section. and New Zealand. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Economics Division. Commodities (Meat and Wool) Section., eds. New Zealand livestock slaughtering statistics. Wellington, N.Z: Economics Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1985.

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Veall, Frederick. Construction and operation of medium-sized abattoirs in developing countries. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1992.

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MacLachlan, Ian. 'The greatest and most offensive nuisance that ever disgraced the capital of a kingdom': The slaughterhouses and shambles of modern Edinburgh. [S.l.]: [Review of Scottish Culture], 2005.

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Gertrude, Celedin, Graz (Austria) Kulturreferat, and Austria. Bundesministerium für Unterricht und Kunst., eds. Schweinschleuder. [Graz]: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1992.

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North, Richard. Death by regulation: The butchery of the British Meat Industry. London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1993.

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Fornias, Octavio Venegas. Edible by-products of slaughter animals. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1996.

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Langelier, Charles. La question des abattoirs: Discours de l'Hon. Chs. Langelier devant l'Assemblée législative. [Québec?: s.n., 1993.

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Wiklund, Eva. Pre-slaughter handling of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.): Effects on meat quality. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 1996.

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Bienvenu, Gilles. On tue le cochon. [Monterrey]: Alliance française de Monterrey, 2002.

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(Firm), COWIconsult, United Nations Environment Programme. Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics, and Denmark Miljøstyrelsen, eds. Cleaner production assessment in meat processing. Paris: UNEP, 2000.

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