Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slave labor

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Slave labor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Slave labor"

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Sholihah, Fanada, Yety Rochwulaningsih, and Singgih Tri Sulistiyono. "Slave Trade Syndicates: Contestation of Slavery in Timor between Local Rulers, Europeans, and Pirates in the 19th century." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 3, no. 1 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v3i1.5294.

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This article analyses the contestation of slavery activities in Timor during 19th century. The slave trade cannot be separated from contestation between three forces, namely the local authority (rajah), colonial entities residing in Timor, and pirates from Bugis, Ende, and Sulu. The rajah fought each other on the battlefield to decide which of them worthy of a “gift” of the war, which were women and children as merchandise for sale. Meanwhile, colonial complaints about the limited human labor to be employed in various types of work not only encouraged increased slave raiding and the purchase o
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Brown, Carolyn A. "Testing the Boundaries of Marginality: Twentieth-Century Slavery and Emancipation Struggles in Nkanu, Northern Igboland, 1920–29." Journal of African History 37, no. 1 (1996): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034794.

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In 1914 the Enugu Government Colliery and the construction of its railway link to the Biafran coast used slave-owning chiefs as labor recruiters. Although aware of slavery in the Nkanu clan area the state simply outlawed the slave trade and excessive treatment but left it to slaves to secure their ‘freedom’. Nkanu slavery was unusually pervasive, incorporating over half of some villages, with few opportunities for manumission or marriage to the freeborn. Severe ritualistic proscriptions excluded slave men from village politics. But forced labor destabilized slavery, causing unrest which reache
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Teubner, Melina. "Cooking at Sea. Different forms of labor in the era of the Second Slavery." Población & Sociedad 27, no. 2 (2020): 54–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/pys-2020-270204.

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This paper deals with various forms of labor in the 19th century. Although Brazil officially banned the slave trade, the first half of the 19th century did no t bring a decline of this business. Rather, until at least 1851, large numbers of slaves were brought to Brazil. The structure of the slave trade was based on the labor needed to carry out the abduction of several million people. Slave ship cooks were resp onsible for feeding the people during their voyages, thus contributing to the infrastructure and reproduction of the slave trade. By using a micro - historical approach to examine the
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Wahl, Jenny B. "The Jurisprudence of American Slave Sales." Journal of Economic History 56, no. 1 (1996): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700016053.

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An analysis of all appellate cases involving slave-sales reveals that southern courts helped minimize the costs of trading in slaves. Slave-sales law also surpassed other contemporaneous commercial law in sophistication. Why? Greater information gaps between slave buyers and sellers called for more complex institutional support. The enormous property value embodied by slaves also led to more litigation, greater need for settled law, and a more even match of power between plaintiff and defendant. Additionally, legal rules surrounding slave sales substituted for the employment law governing free
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Jean, Martine. "Liberated Africans, Slaves, and Convict Labor in the Construction of Rio de Janeiro's Casa de Correção: Atlantic Labor Regimes and Confinement in Brazil's Port City." International Review of Social History 64, S27 (2019): 173–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000105.

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AbstractFrom 1834 to 1850, Latin America's first penitentiary, the Casa de Correção in Rio de Janeiro, was a construction site where slaves, “liberated Africans”, convicts, and unfree workers interacted daily, forged identities, and deployed resistance strategies against the pressures of confinement and the demands of Brazil's eclectic labor regimes. This article examines the utilization of this motley crew of workers, the interactions among “liberated Africans”, slaves, and convict laborers, and the government's intervention between 1848 and 1850 to restrict slave labor at the prison in favor
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de Sánchez, Sieglinde Lim. "Crafting a Delta Chinese Community: Education and Acculturation in Twentieth-Century Southern Baptist Mission Schools." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 1 (2003): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00115.x.

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During Reconstruction between one-fourth and one-third of the southern African-American work force emigrated to northern and southern urban areas. This phenomenon confirmed the fears of Delta cotton planters about the transition from slave to wage labor. Following a labor convention in Memphis, Tennessee, during the summer of 1869, one proposed alternative to the emerging employment crisis was to introduce Chinese immigrant labor, following the example of countries in the Caribbean and Latin America during the mid nineteenth century. Cotton plantation owners initially hoped that Chinese “cooli
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Kokdas, Irfan, and Yahya Araz. "The Changing Nature of the Domestic Service Sector in 19th-Century Istanbul." Archiv orientální 90, no. 1 (2022): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.90.1.61-91.

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Istanbul, a power nexus in the Ottoman world, witnessed a proliferation of female child labor in domestic service over the course of the 19th century. This study shows that slave ownership and the recruitment of girl domestics were highly class-sensitive phenomena. This means that 19th-century Istanbul groups of middling economic means, who could not easily access the slave market, could recruit girl domestics with lower wages. The study claims that the rising presence of girl child labor in domestic service did not in itself bring about the immediate disappearance of domestic female slaves, a
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Dari-Mattiacci, Giuseppe, and Guilherme de Oliveira. "Slavery versus Labor." Review of Law & Economics 17, no. 3 (2021): 495–568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rle-2021-0049.

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Abstract Slavery has been a long-lasting and often endemic problem across time and space, and has commonly coexisted with a free-labor market. To understand (and possibly eradicate) slavery, one needs to unpack its relationship with free labor. Under what conditions would a principal choose to buy a slave rather than to hire a free worker? First, slaves cannot leave at will, which reduces turnover costs; second, slaves can be subjected to physical punishments, which reduces enforcement costs. In complex tasks, relation-specific investments are responsible for high turnover costs, which makes p
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Chira, Adriana. "Affective Debts: Manumission by Grace and the Making of Gradual Emancipation Laws in Cuba, 1817–68." Law and History Review 36, no. 1 (2017): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000529.

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Drawing on thirty freedom suits from nineteenth-century eastern Cuba, this article explores how some slaves redefined slaveholders' oral promises of manumissions by grace from philanthropic acts into contracts providing a deferred wage payout. Manumissions by grace tended to reward affective labor (loyalty, affection) and to be granted to domestic slaves. Across Cuba, as in other slave societies of Spanish America, through self-purchase, slaves made sustained efforts to monetize the labor that they did by virtue of their ascribed status. The monetization of affective work stands out amongst su
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Temin, Peter. "The Labor Market of the Early Roman Empire." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 4 (2004): 513–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219504773512525.

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The available evidence on wages and labor contracts supports the existence of a functioning labor market in the early Roman empire, in which workers could change jobs in response to market-driven rewards. Slaves were included in the general labor market because Roman slavery, unlike that in the United States and in Brazil, permitted frequent manumission to citizen status. Slaves' ability to improve their status provided them with incentives to cooperate with their owners and act like free laborers. As a result, the supply and demand for labor were roughly equilibrated by wages and other paymen
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slave labor"

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Barron, Agnel Natasha. "Representations of Labor in the Slave Narrative." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/62.

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This study examines the slave narratives The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself and The Bondwoman’s Narrative to determine the way in which these texts depict the economics of labor in slave society. Taking into account the specific socio-historical contexts in which these narratives were written, this study analyzes the way in which the representations of labor in these narratives interrogate slavery and address issues relating to the social relations and power dynamics of their respective societies. Emphas
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Copperstone, Chance. "Labor, Status And Power: Slave Foodways At James Madison's Montpelier AD 1810-1836." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/339046.

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This study explores the evidence for differences in foodways related to status among an enslaved community according to labor-based designations. Specifically, this paper investigates the interplay of a plantation provisioning system and slave responses to the imposed system through the study of faunal remains recovered from discrete slave quarters at James Madison's Montpelier plantation near Orange, Virginia during the so-called Retirement Period of James Madison, approximately encompassing the years A.D. 1810-1836. Through synthesis of data acquired by the author with that of previous inves
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Kamoie, Laura Croghan. "Three generations of planter -businessmen: The Tayloes, slave labor, and entrepreneurialism in Virginia, 1710-1830." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623966.

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This study analyzes the entrepreneurial estate-building activities of three generations of the Tayloe family of Virginia from the 1710s to the 1820s. The three John Tayloes were model planter-businessmen---that is, they combined mixed commercial agriculture with a variety of business enterprises in an effort to secure long-term financial security and social status for themselves and their heirs. This diversified approach to plantation management characterized early Virginia's "culture of progress"---an early American business culture interpreted in many different ways throughout the colonies (
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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "A Superior Form of Republicanism: James Elliot's Articulation of Free Labor Ideology and the Inequity of Slave Representation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/729.

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Martins, Renata Duval. "Servidão doméstica : uma análise do caso Siwa-Akofa Siliadin à luz das normas da organização internacional do trabalho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165132.

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O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o caso da jovem Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, aliciada no Togo, em 1994, para prestar serviços na França como doméstica. Ao chegar no país foi submetida à servidão, impedida de completar os seus estudos e sem receber qualquer remuneração pelos serviços prestados, tampouco direitos laborais mínimos como o limite da jornada de trabalho diária, o descanso semanal remunerado e a habitação adequada lhe foram fornecidos. Trata-se de um leading case que aborda as práticas de tráfico humano, de trabalho forçado e de servidão doméstica. A escravidão contemporânea ocorre
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Weimer, Gregory Kent. "Forced Labor and the Land of Liberty: Naval Impressment, the Atlantic Slave Trade, and the British Empire in the Eighteenth Century." Online version, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1197601289.

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Costa, Flora Oliveira da. "O amargo doce do açúcar: análise crítica do trabalho escravo contemporâneo a partir das ações judiciais penais distribuídas em Pernambuco entre os anos de 2009 a 2015." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1282.

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Esta dissertação objetiva entender quais as razões para a ausência de condenação criminal dos empregadores flagrados praticando o crime de trabalho análogo ao de escravo. Isto porque, o trabalho escravo contemporâneo é fenômeno reconhecido nacionalmente e por isso mesmo recebe inúmeras políticas públicas voltadas a sua erradicação. Porém, quando se pesquisa o enfrentamento do trabalho escravo pelo Poder Judiciário, nota-se que a maioria das demandas criminais são arquivadas sem condenação. Para tanto, inicialmente se considera a passagem do trabalho escravo lícito ao contemporâneo à luz da his
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Leão, Ione Maria Barreto. "Escravidão contemporânea – combate." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19286.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-01T17:06:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ione Maria Barreto Leão.pdf: 1026881 bytes, checksum: b45cd2801c8449db42e9d9cae3c391c4 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T17:06:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ione Maria Barreto Leão.pdf: 1026881 bytes, checksum: b45cd2801c8449db42e9d9cae3c391c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16<br>This work aims to provide a brief contextualization about the kind of labor that is still performed in degrading conditions, thus constituting a violation of a number of constitutional principles, c
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Timóteo, Gabrielle Louise Soares. "Os trabalhadores bolivianos em São Paulo: uma abordagem jurídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-03092012-145034/.

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No atual cenário de globalização são verificadas diversas práticas de exploração laboral. O trabalho escravo é a forma de exploração laboral mais intensa que pode existir nos dias atuais. O tráfico de pessoas é uma prática criminosa crescente em nossa sociedade. No Brasil, em São Paulo, existem casos de trabalhadores imigrantes bolivianos vítimas de tráfico de pessoas e trabalho escravo. Esta pesquisa busca discutir os conceitos de trabalho decente, trabalho escravo, tráfico de pessoas, tráfico de migrantes, com o objetivo de focar na análise da exploração de imigrantes bolivianos em oficinas
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Trindade, Solange de Moura. "“Quem procura trabalho não pode encontrar escravidão”: o combate à escravidão rural contemporânea no Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5380.

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-14T13:47:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange de Moura Trindade_.pdf: 3000949 bytes, checksum: bddbb8ff295d76c749c91ea1674d76b0 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T13:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange de Moura Trindade_.pdf: 3000949 bytes, checksum: bddbb8ff295d76c749c91ea1674d76b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>ProMestre - Mestrado Profissional Educação e Docência<br>O presente estudo tem como temática central trab
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Books on the topic "Slave labor"

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A, Berman Joel, ed. Slave labor: A meditation on humanity. Juniper Springs Press, 2007.

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Browning, Christopher R. Remembering survival: Inside a Nazi slave-labor camp. W.W. Norton & Co., 2010.

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Browning, Christopher R. Remembering survival: Inside a Nazi slave-labor camp. W.W. Norton & Co., 2010.

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Freire, João Ricardo Bessa. Dialética e escravidão. Achiamé, 1989.

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Santana, Eudoro. Orfãos da abolição: Tráfico de trabalhadores e trabalho escravo. Assembléia Legislativa do Estado do Ceará, 1993.

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Medeiros, Maria do Céu. O trabalho na Paraíba: Das origens à transição para o trabalho livre. Editora Universitária UFPB, 1999.

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Catholic Church. Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil. Norte II. Comissão Justiça e Paz., ed. Trabalho escravo nas fazendas do Pará e Amapá, 1980-1998. Graphitte Gráfica & Editora, 1999.

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Karay, Felicja. Death comes in yellow: Skarzysko-Kamienna slave labor camp. Harwood Academic, 1995.

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Tadman, Michael. Speculators and slaves: Masters, traders, and slaves in the Old South. University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.

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Maria José de Souza Andrade. A mão de obra escrava em Salvador, 1811-1860. Corrupio, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Slave labor"

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Rummel, R. J. "Slave Labor." In Democide. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429336874-7.

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Dowlah, Caf. "Pre-Transatlantic Slave Trade Slave Systems." In Cross-Border Labor Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64257-9_3.

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Buggeln, Marc. "Slave Labor in Nazi Germany." In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_34.

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AbstractThe National Socialists regarded the population of Eastern Europe, if they were not to be killed or left for dead, as a reservoir of slave labor that would guarantee the Germans a higher standard of living. The Reichsführer SS, Heinrich Himmler, formulated this in unvarnished clarity in his infamous Posen speech from October 4, 1943: “Whether the other peoples live in prosperity or whether they die of hunger, that interests me only to the extent that we need them as slaves for our culture, otherwise it does not interest me.” This chapter examines the use of state-sponsored slave labor
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Hein, Hilde. "Worker Bees and Slave Labor." In Encouraging Openness. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57669-5_32.

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Dantas, Mariana L. R. "The Urban Slave Labor Force." In Black Townsmen. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230611115_4.

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Salau, Mohammed Bashir. "Slave Resistance, Control of Slave Labor, and Groundnut Production." In The West African Slave Plantation. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230120167_6.

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Gorender, Jacob, Bernd Reiter, and Alejandro Reyes. "Original Sources of Slave Labor Force." In Colonial Slavery. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003090-8.

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Baccelli, Luca. "La schiavitù dei contemporanei." In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.136.

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Slave labor survived the abolition of slavery. Karl Marx analyzed both the role of legal slavery in the original accumulation of the capital and the forms of forced labor inherent to the “free” labor relationships (wage slavery). In the XX century some critics of the prominent social role of labor shown a form of nostalgia for ancient slavery which set free citizens from necessity. Globalized capitalism exploits slaves, even if formally free like in the early modernity, whereas extreme subordination is widespread in developed economies and in sectors employing advanced technologies.
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Menard, Russell. "From Servants to Slaves: The Transformation of the Chesapeake Labor System." In The Atlantic Slave Trade. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003362449-17.

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Drescher, Seymour. "Free Labor vs Slave Labor: The British and Caribbean Cases (1999)." In From Slavery to Freedom. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14876-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Slave labor"

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Costa, Antônio Carlos da Rocha. "Slavery in Material Agent Societies." In Workshop-Escola de Sistemas de Agentes, seus Ambientes e Aplicações. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5753/wesaac.2019.33340.

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This paper formally characterizes slavery systems in material agent societies. The concepts of master-slave social relationship, master-slave economic relationship, slavery-based economic system, slavery-supporting legal system, and slavery-based material agent society are formally defined. A case study formally revisits North &amp; Thomas’ model stating the objective conditions that justify the rational choice between slavery-based economic systems and free labor-based economic systems, in material agent societies.
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Costa, Eduardo Antonio Resende Homem da. "POVERTY AND MIGRATION: AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELEVANCE OF CONTEMPORARY SLAVE LABOR IN PORTUGAL." In Congresso Internacional de Direitos Humanos de Coimbra. Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/1163602.7-242.

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Kaliuzhnyi, Aleksandr, and Nikolai Shurukhnov. "LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERACTING ABDUCTION OF PEOPLE, TRAFFICKING IN PEOPLE AND THE USE OF THEIR SLAVE LABOR." In 7th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES ISCAH 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscah.f2020.7.2/s01.02.

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Garreto, Gairo, J. Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota, and António Torres Marques. "Hand tools characteristics in slave labour." In 3rd Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. FEUP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-260-6_0073-0077.

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Terezinha Schmidt, Rita. "“I Think Where I Live”. Decolonizing Gender and Race/ethnicity at the Periphery of the West." In XII Congress of the ICLA. Georgian Comparative Literature Association, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62119/icla.2.8452.

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We have been living through challenging times, of fear and violence, real and symbolic, as the tentacles of COVID-19 took by assault the world we live in and made even more visible the inequalities among nations, the fragility of democratic political systems and, particularly in some latitudes, the precariousness of human lives under political systems blind to questions related to human rights. In fact, precariousness has been a hallmark in the history of Latin American countries since the so-called “discovery” by Euro-pean conquerors. Specifically in Brazil, under the rule of the Portuguese i
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Cenci, Stefano, Giulio Rosati, Damiano Zanotto, Fabio Oscari, and Aldo Rossi. "First Test Results of a Haptic Tele-Operation System to Enhance Stability of Telescopic Handlers." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25305.

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According to a recent report of ILO (International Labour Organization), more than two million people die or loose the working capability every year because of accidents or work-related diseases. A large portion of these accidents are related to the execution of motion and transportation tasks involving heavy duty machines. The insufficient degree of interaction between the human operator and the machine may be regarded as one of the major causes of this phenomenon. The main goal of the tele-operation system presented in this paper is to both preserving slave (machine) stability, by reducing t
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Oppenheimer, Nat, and Luis C. deBaca. "Ending the Market for Human Slavery Through Design." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1797.

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&lt;p&gt;The design and construction of structures throughout history has too often been realized through the labor of enslaved people, both in the direct construction of these structures and in the procurement and fabrication of building materials. This is as true today as it was at the time of the pyramids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite the challenges, the design and construction industries have a moral and ethical obligation to eradicate modern human trafficking practices. If done right, this shift will also lead to commercial advances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Led by the Grace Farms Foundation, a Con
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Carlsson, Moa, Remo Pedreschi, and Simone Ferracina. "Business as Unusual: Pedagogical Experiments at ESALA." In 2021 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2021.32.

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The relationship between design, material processes and their application has been a consistent theme in the teaching and research at the Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (ESALA), at the University of Edinburgh. This work was strengthened and consolidated with the formation of the Architectural Research Workshop (ARW), and with its increased ability to produce large-scale prototypes, and has intensified in recent years as we rethink architectural pedagogy in response to the impacts of climate breakdown and its associated injustices. This paper presents a selection of
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Novaković, Milan. "IZAZOVI LOKALNOG OMBUDSMANA U SRBIJI U VREME „GLOBALNE PANDEMIJE"." In Razvoj i unapređenje institucije ombudsmana u funkciji zaštite ljudskih prava. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/ruio23.185n.

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As the history of the civilization as we know it changed – so did The attitude about a man as a human being. With the evolution of society and human consciousness, human rights and freedoms also evolved, so troughout history we have seen people in The Old Century as a “slaves”, in The Middle Century as a “labor”, and in The New Century as a “citizens”. Civil and political rights are considered universal rights that apply to any of us and that each of us acquires(gets)at birth. The evolution in the development of human rights and freedom has led to the fact that they are incorporated into The C
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Reports on the topic "Slave labor"

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Yagci Sokat, Kezban. Understanding the Role of Transportation in Human Trafficking in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2108.

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Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the recruitment, transport, and/or transfer of persons using force, fraud, or coercion to exploit them for acts of labor or sex. According to the International Labor Organization, human trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime with approximately $150 billion in annual profits and 40.3 million individuals trapped in slave-like conditions. While it is not compulsory to involve transportation for human trafficking, the transportation industry plays a critical role in combating human trafficking as traffickers often rely on the transportati
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2

Huntington, Dale. Anti-trafficking programs in South Asia: Appropriate activities, indicators and evaluation methodologies. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1019.

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Throughout South Asia, men, women, boys, and girls are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders against their wills in what is essentially a clandestine slave trade. The Congressional Research Service and the U.S. State Department estimate that between 1 to 2 million people are trafficked each year worldwide with the majority originating in Asia. Root causes include extreme disparities of wealth, increased awareness of job opportunities far from home, pervasive inequality due to caste, class, and gender bias, lack of transparency in regulations governing labor mig
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