Academic literature on the topic 'Slave labor'
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Journal articles on the topic "Slave labor"
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Sholihah, Fanada, Yety Rochwulaningsih, and Singgih Tri Sulistiyono. "Slave Trade Syndicates: Contestation of Slavery in Timor between Local Rulers, Europeans, and Pirates in the 19th century." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 3, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v3i1.5294.
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This article analyses the contestation of slavery activities in Timor during 19th century. The slave trade cannot be separated from contestation between three forces, namely the local authority (rajah), colonial entities residing in Timor, and pirates from Bugis, Ende, and Sulu. The rajah fought each other on the battlefield to decide which of them worthy of a “gift” of the war, which were women and children as merchandise for sale. Meanwhile, colonial complaints about the limited human labor to be employed in various types of work not only encouraged increased slave raiding and the purchase of slaves in distant places, but at the same time fostered slave trading activities, both were sponsored by the Dutch and Portuguese. One of the main causes of the ongoing slave trade was piracy at sea, three actors were pioneering slave raiding, namely Balanini/Ilanun, Bugis and Makassar pirate, and Ende pirate. By applying historical method, this research questioned why locals, Europeans, and pirate rulers contested to obtain slaves in Timor? The rise of capitalism was marked by the demand for cheap labor in 19th century. Therefore, slave commodities were mobilized to meet the need for labour in plantations or companies owned by the colonial government.
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Brown, Carolyn A. "Testing the Boundaries of Marginality: Twentieth-Century Slavery and Emancipation Struggles in Nkanu, Northern Igboland, 1920–29." Journal of African History 37, no. 1 (March 1996): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034794.
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In 1914 the Enugu Government Colliery and the construction of its railway link to the Biafran coast used slave-owning chiefs as labor recruiters. Although aware of slavery in the Nkanu clan area the state simply outlawed the slave trade and excessive treatment but left it to slaves to secure their ‘freedom’. Nkanu slavery was unusually pervasive, incorporating over half of some villages, with few opportunities for manumission or marriage to the freeborn. Severe ritualistic proscriptions excluded slave men from village politics. But forced labor destabilized slavery, causing unrest which reached crisis proportions in the fall of 1922. The revolt presents a unique opportunity for historical study of the goals, ideology and strategies of indigenous slave populations creating ‘freedom’ within the emergent colonial order.When owners demanded slaves' wages, the slaves resisted and demanded full social and political equality with the freeborn. Slaves who remained in the village struggled to provision Enugu's urban working class. For both slavery hindered opportunities in the colonial economy. In retaliation owners evicted slave families, increased their labor requirements and unleashed a reign of terror, abduction and sacrifice of slave women and children. By the fall of 1922 local government collapsed forcing the state to develop a policy on emancipation. It is significant that this struggle converted the slaves from a scattered subordinate group of patrilineages to an aggressive and cohesive community.
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Teubner, Melina. "Cooking at Sea. Different forms of labor in the era of the Second Slavery." Población & Sociedad 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 54–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/pys-2020-270204.
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This paper deals with various forms of labor in the 19th century. Although Brazil officially banned the slave trade, the first half of the 19th century did no t bring a decline of this business. Rather, until at least 1851, large numbers of slaves were brought to Brazil. The structure of the slave trade was based on the labor needed to carry out the abduction of several million people. Slave ship cooks were resp onsible for feeding the people during their voyages, thus contributing to the infrastructure and reproduction of the slave trade. By using a micro - historical approach to examine the example of slave ship cooks, different forms of forced labor can be shown
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Wahl, Jenny B. "The Jurisprudence of American Slave Sales." Journal of Economic History 56, no. 1 (March 1996): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700016053.
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An analysis of all appellate cases involving slave-sales reveals that southern courts helped minimize the costs of trading in slaves. Slave-sales law also surpassed other contemporaneous commercial law in sophistication. Why? Greater information gaps between slave buyers and sellers called for more complex institutional support. The enormous property value embodied by slaves also led to more litigation, greater need for settled law, and a more even match of power between plaintiff and defendant. Additionally, legal rules surrounding slave sales substituted for the employment law governing free-labor markets.
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Jean, Martine. "Liberated Africans, Slaves, and Convict Labor in the Construction of Rio de Janeiro's Casa de Correção: Atlantic Labor Regimes and Confinement in Brazil's Port City." International Review of Social History 64, S27 (March 26, 2019): 173–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000105.
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AbstractFrom 1834 to 1850, Latin America's first penitentiary, the Casa de Correção in Rio de Janeiro, was a construction site where slaves, “liberated Africans”, convicts, and unfree workers interacted daily, forged identities, and deployed resistance strategies against the pressures of confinement and the demands of Brazil's eclectic labor regimes. This article examines the utilization of this motley crew of workers, the interactions among “liberated Africans”, slaves, and convict laborers, and the government's intervention between 1848 and 1850 to restrict slave labor at the prison in favor of free waged workers. It asserts that the abolition of the slave trade in 1850 and the subsequent inauguration of the penitentiary augured profound changes in Rio's labor landscape, from a predominantly unfree to a free wage labor force.
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de Sánchez, Sieglinde Lim. "Crafting a Delta Chinese Community: Education and Acculturation in Twentieth-Century Southern Baptist Mission Schools." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 1 (2003): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00115.x.
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During Reconstruction between one-fourth and one-third of the southern African-American work force emigrated to northern and southern urban areas. This phenomenon confirmed the fears of Delta cotton planters about the transition from slave to wage labor. Following a labor convention in Memphis, Tennessee, during the summer of 1869, one proposed alternative to the emerging employment crisis was to introduce Chinese immigrant labor, following the example of countries in the Caribbean and Latin America during the mid nineteenth century. Cotton plantation owners initially hoped that Chinese “coolie” workers would help replace the loss of African-American slave labor and that competition between the two groups would compel former slaves to resume their submissive status on plantations. This experiment proved an unmitigated failure. African Americans sought independence from white supervision and authority. And, Chinese immigrant workers proved to be more expensive and less dependable than African-American slave labor. More importantly, due to low wages and severe exploitation by planters, Chinese immigrants quickly lost interest in agricultural work.
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Dari-Mattiacci, Giuseppe, and Guilherme de Oliveira. "Slavery versus Labor." Review of Law & Economics 17, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 495–568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rle-2021-0049.
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Abstract Slavery has been a long-lasting and often endemic problem across time and space, and has commonly coexisted with a free-labor market. To understand (and possibly eradicate) slavery, one needs to unpack its relationship with free labor. Under what conditions would a principal choose to buy a slave rather than to hire a free worker? First, slaves cannot leave at will, which reduces turnover costs; second, slaves can be subjected to physical punishments, which reduces enforcement costs. In complex tasks, relation-specific investments are responsible for high turnover costs, which makes principals prefer slaves over workers. At the other end of the spectrum, in simple tasks, the threat of physical punishment is a relatively cheap way to produce incentives as compared to rewards, because effort is easy to monitor, which again makes slaves the cheaper alternative. The resulting equilibrium price in the market for slaves affects demand in the labor market and induces principals to hire workers for tasks of intermediate complexity. The available historical evidence is consistent with this pattern. Our analysis sheds light on cross-society differences in the use of slaves, on diachronic trends, and on the effects of current anti-slavery policies.
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Kokdas, Irfan, and Yahya Araz. "The Changing Nature of the Domestic Service Sector in 19th-Century Istanbul." Archiv orientální 90, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 61–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.90.1.61-91.
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Istanbul, a power nexus in the Ottoman world, witnessed a proliferation of female child labor in domestic service over the course of the 19th century. This study shows that slave ownership and the recruitment of girl domestics were highly class-sensitive phenomena. This means that 19th-century Istanbul groups of middling economic means, who could not easily access the slave market, could recruit girl domestics with lower wages. The study claims that the rising presence of girl child labor in domestic service did not in itself bring about the immediate disappearance of domestic female slaves, as these two types of labor were not substitutes for each other in the labor market. The study also shows that a diversification in the zones supplying girls after the 1840s, as well as the rising demand for girl child labor, affected the wage levels of girls, which, however, does not appear to have had a noticeable impact on the fluctuations of prices for female slaves—both for Africans and Caucasians—and ownership.
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Chira, Adriana. "Affective Debts: Manumission by Grace and the Making of Gradual Emancipation Laws in Cuba, 1817–68." Law and History Review 36, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000529.
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Drawing on thirty freedom suits from nineteenth-century eastern Cuba, this article explores how some slaves redefined slaveholders' oral promises of manumissions by grace from philanthropic acts into contracts providing a deferred wage payout. Manumissions by grace tended to reward affective labor (loyalty, affection) and to be granted to domestic slaves. Across Cuba, as in other slave societies of Spanish America, through self-purchase, slaves made sustained efforts to monetize the labor that they did by virtue of their ascribed status. The monetization of affective work stands out amongst such efforts. Freedom litigants involved in conflicts over manumissions by grace emphasized the market logics in domestic slavery, revealing that slavery was a fundamentally economic institution even in such instances where it appeared to be intertwined with kinship and domesticity. Through this move, they challenged the assumption that slaves toiled loyally for masters out of a natural commitment to an unchanging master-slave hierarchy. By the 1880s, through court litigation and extra-judicial violence, slave litigants and insurgents would turn oral promises of manumission by grace into a blueprint for general emancipation. Through their legal actions, enslaved people, especially women, revealed the significance and transactional nature of care work, a notion familiar to us today.
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Temin, Peter. "The Labor Market of the Early Roman Empire." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 4 (April 2004): 513–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219504773512525.
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The available evidence on wages and labor contracts supports the existence of a functioning labor market in the early Roman empire, in which workers could change jobs in response to market-driven rewards. Slaves were included in the general labor market because Roman slavery, unlike that in the United States and in Brazil, permitted frequent manumission to citizen status. Slaves' ability to improve their status provided them with incentives to cooperate with their owners and act like free laborers. As a result, the supply and demand for labor were roughly equilibrated by wages and other payments to most workers, both slave and free.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slave labor"
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Barron, Agnel Natasha. "Representations of Labor in the Slave Narrative." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/62.
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This study examines the slave narratives The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, The History of Mary Prince, A West Indian Slave, Related by Herself and The Bondwoman’s Narrative to determine the way in which these texts depict the economics of labor in slave society. Taking into account the specific socio-historical contexts in which these narratives were written, this study analyzes the way in which the representations of labor in these narratives interrogate slavery and address issues relating to the social relations and power dynamics of their respective societies. Emphasis is given to the way in which the gender complexities of slavery merge with the dynamics of labor thereby underscoring some of the peculiarities of the female slave experience.
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Copperstone, Chance. "Labor, Status And Power: Slave Foodways At James Madison's Montpelier AD 1810-1836." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/339046.
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This study explores the evidence for differences in foodways related to status among an enslaved community according to labor-based designations. Specifically, this paper investigates the interplay of a plantation provisioning system and slave responses to the imposed system through the study of faunal remains recovered from discrete slave quarters at James Madison's Montpelier plantation near Orange, Virginia during the so-called Retirement Period of James Madison, approximately encompassing the years A.D. 1810-1836. Through synthesis of data acquired by the author with that of previous investigators, this research reveals subtle variations in the ways in which the different labor groups at Montpelier negotiated the plantation hierarchy through differential access to and acquisition of meat resources within the constraints of the plantation setting. While higher positions within the plantation hierarchy, particularly in the case of the skilled laborers of the Stable Quarter, is inferred, further fine-grained examination of the material culture from the slave quarters at Montpelier is necessary to accurately identify the nuances of status and unravel the power structure at Montpelier.
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Kamoie, Laura Croghan. "Three generations of planter -businessmen: The Tayloes, slave labor, and entrepreneurialism in Virginia, 1710-1830." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623966.
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This study analyzes the entrepreneurial estate-building activities of three generations of the Tayloe family of Virginia from the 1710s to the 1820s. The three John Tayloes were model planter-businessmen---that is, they combined mixed commercial agriculture with a variety of business enterprises in an effort to secure long-term financial security and social status for themselves and their heirs. This diversified approach to plantation management characterized early Virginia's "culture of progress"---an early American business culture interpreted in many different ways throughout the colonies (and later the states) that had the pursuit of a better life as its organizing premise.;The Tayloes were not alone in their ironmaking, shipbuilding, land speculation, investing, and craft-service activities. Instead, the three generations of Tayloe planter-businessmen represent the activities, approaches, and values of the elite planter class of early Virginia.;For each of the Tayloes, slave labor served as the fundamental resource for successful enterprise. The presence of large populations of enslaved African Americans enabled the Tayloes and other planters to branch out from staple agriculture and ultimately necessitated that they continue to do so. Slaves demonstrated their abilities, became central to the daily operations of the South's business culture, and made the enterprises planters founded profitable.;Planter-businessmen as individuals founded businesses that were usually complementary in some way to their holdings in land and slaves. Recognizing the potentially dangerous fluctuations of the tobacco market, planters were apt to attempt new endeavors in good times and bad and rarely abandoned new businesses simply because the tobacco market rebounded. They kept their finger on the pulse of the market, braved risk, and attempted to keep up with the latest technology. Planters' non-tobacco activities provided an important buffer between the uncontrollable weather, shipping, and prices associated with tobacco agriculture and their family's future security. The institution of slavery certainly placed some structural limits on planters' entrepreneurial imaginations. However, whether compared against northern farmer-businessmen prior to the antebellum period or set against the definitions of Virginia's own slave society, early southern planter-businessmen exhibited rational and progressive economic behavior.
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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "A Superior Form of Republicanism: James Elliot's Articulation of Free Labor Ideology and the Inequity of Slave Representation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/729.
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Martins, Renata Duval. "Servidão doméstica : uma análise do caso Siwa-Akofa Siliadin à luz das normas da organização internacional do trabalho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165132.
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O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o caso da jovem Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, aliciada no Togo, em 1994, para prestar serviços na França como doméstica. Ao chegar no país foi submetida à servidão, impedida de completar os seus estudos e sem receber qualquer remuneração pelos serviços prestados, tampouco direitos laborais mínimos como o limite da jornada de trabalho diária, o descanso semanal remunerado e a habitação adequada lhe foram fornecidos. Trata-se de um leading case que aborda as práticas de tráfico humano, de trabalho forçado e de servidão doméstica. A escravidão contemporânea ocorre através do trabalho forçado, este se dividindo em espécies dentre as quais estão o trabalho escravo, a servidão e a servidão por dívida. Com quaisquer destas práticas pode ocorrer simultaneamente o tráfico de pessoas. A prática da escravidão doméstica, também chamada de servidão doméstica, inclui-se no rol de trabalhos forçados, verificando-se no caso concreto a qual das espécies de servidão pertence. Ocorre tanto em países ricos quanto em países emergentes e tem como grupo de pessoas mais vulnerável aos aliciadores as mulheres, os menores de idade, os migrantes, os pobres, os de baixa escolaridade. Normas internacionais laborais proíbem a escravidão contemporânea em todas as suas formas e obrigam os Estados a legislar a fim de coibir tenazmente em seu território tais condutas. Quando um Estado falha em prestar a necessária proteção ao trabalhador, não sendo possível a este se socorrer sequer no Poder Judiciário, pode a vítima pleitear alguma reparação nas Cortes Internacionais de Direitos Humanos. No caso ora analisado, as decisões das cortes nacionais francesas poderiam ter sido proferidas com base em normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho internalizadas pela França, bem como normas não ratificadas poderiam ter sido utilizadas em caráter interpretativo da vaga e escassa legislação pátria. Em âmbito internacional, o Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos não é o único órgão dotado de capacidade punitiva, a própria Organização Internacional do Trabalho pode ser acionada por meio de reclamação ou queixa contra Estados Membros que ratificam normas e as descumprem ou negligenciam sua efetividade, podendo esta punição ser aplicada concomitantemente à proferida pela supracitada Corte. O estudo é dividido em três partes: a primeira aborda as especificidades do caso Siliadin, conceitos pertinentes aos fatos narrados, estudo do processo judicial em âmbito francês e análise da decisão do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos; a segunda analisa as normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho como normas de jus cogens laboral e núcleo duro de direito laboral, ressaltando como consequências à violação das referidas normas as reclamações e as queixas à Organização Internacional do Trabalho; a terceira analisa a incorporação e aplicação do direito internacional no âmbito interno dos Estados, frisando a possibilidade do emprego de normas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho na solução do litígio entre Siliadin e os empregadores.O método utilizado no presente trabalho é o indutivo, bem como se valeu da análise de caso com base em normas específicas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre trabalho forçado (nº 29 e nº 105), discriminação (nº 100 e nº 111), trabalho doméstico (nº 189), trabalho infantojuvenil (nº 138 e nº 182) e trabalho do migrante (nº 143). Por fim, conclui-se pela necessária aplicação do direito internacional laboral na esfera processual interna dos Estados e a maior ingerência dos organismos internacionais trabalhistas a fim de garantir a efetividade das normas internacionais laborais.This study aims to analyze the case of Siwa-Akofa Siliadin, a teenager enticed in the Togo, in 1994, into providing services as a domestic servant in France. Upon arriving in the country she was subjected to bondage, could not go to school and received neither payment for her services nor the minimum labor rights, such as limit to daily working hours, weekly paid rest and an adequate housing. It is a leading case which deals with human trafficking practices, forced labor and domestic servitude. Contemporary slavery takes place through forced labor, comprised into species among which are slave labor, servitude and debt bondage. With any of these practices trafficking of persons can occur simultaneously. The practice of domestic slavery, also called domestic servitude, is included in the list of forced labor, verifying to which species of bondage each case belongs. It occurs both in rich countries and emerging countries and the most vulnerable persons are women, minors, migrants, the poor, and the less educated. International labor standards prohibit contemporary slavery in all its forms and require states to legislate to curb such conduct tenaciously in their territory. When a state fails to provide the necessary protection to workers, not making possible for them even to seek help from the judiciary power, the victim can claim some compensation in the international human rights courts. In the case under analysis, the decisions of the French national courts could have been rendered based on standards of the International Labour Organization internalized by France, and unratified standards could have been used to interpret vague and scarce national legislation. Internationally, the European Court of Human Rights is not the only body with punitive capacity, the International Labour Organization itself can be activated by means of complaint or claim against member states that ratify standards and then violate or neglect their effectiveness, and this punishment may be applied simultaneously to that decided by the above cited court. The study is divided into three parts: the first one dealing with the specificities of the Siliadin case, concepts related to the facts narrated, the study of the judicial process in French courts and analysis of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights; the second examining the norms of the International Labor Organization as labor jus cogens and labor law hard core, highlighting as consequences to the violation of these rules complaints and claims to the International Labor Organization; the third analyzing the incorporation and application of international law in the domestic sphere of the States, emphasizing the possibility of the use of International Labor Organization rules in resolving the dispute between Siliadin and the employers. The method used in this work is the inductive, and also the case analysis based on specific standards of the International Labour Organization on forced labor (no. 29 and no. 105), discrimination (no. 100 and no. 111), domestic service (no. 189), child labor (no. 138 and no. 182) and migrant labor (no. 143). Finally, it is concluded by the necessary application of international labor law in the domestic procedures of the States and the greater interference of international labor organizations in order to ensure the effectiveness of international labor standards.
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Weimer, Gregory Kent. "Forced Labor and the Land of Liberty: Naval Impressment, the Atlantic Slave Trade, and the British Empire in the Eighteenth Century." Online version, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1197601289.
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Costa, Flora Oliveira da. "O amargo doce do açúcar: análise crítica do trabalho escravo contemporâneo a partir das ações judiciais penais distribuídas em Pernambuco entre os anos de 2009 a 2015." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1282.
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Esta dissertação objetiva entender quais as razões para a ausência de
condenação criminal dos empregadores flagrados praticando o crime de trabalho análogo ao de escravo. Isto porque, o trabalho escravo contemporâneo é fenômeno reconhecido nacionalmente e por isso mesmo recebe inúmeras políticas públicas voltadas a sua erradicação. Porém, quando se pesquisa o enfrentamento do trabalho escravo pelo Poder Judiciário, nota-se que a maioria das demandas criminais são arquivadas sem condenação. Para tanto, inicialmente se considera a passagem do trabalho escravo lícito ao contemporâneo à luz da historicidade e da construção conceitual jurídica do crime de redução a condição análoga a de escravo. Em continuidade, se estuda a interpretação dada pelo direito internacional, sobretudo pelas Convenções firmadas pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho, relativo ao trabalho forçado e a manutenção de pessoas em condições de escravidão, sendo este menos abrangente que a proteção jurídica presente na legislação brasileira. Apresenta-se, também, as políticas públicas lançadas pelo Governo Federal e seu cenário atual, bem como os projetos de lei em trâmite no Congresso Nacional, estabelecidos para modificar o conceito atual do crime, como forma de analisar como o Poder Executivo e o Legislativo comportam-se para atingir o fim do trabalho escravo. Para responder ao porquê de tantas absolvições, traçou-se um recorte temporal de seis anos, que foi de 2009 a 2015, para identificar as ações penais distribuídas na Justiça Federal de Pernambuco, sendo encontrado o número de dez demandas, das quais seis já transitaram em julgado. Consequentemente, analisa-se a atuação do Grupo Móvel de Fiscalização, nas ações fiscais que geraram essas demandas, o que servirá para responder ao problema de pesquisa, junto com a interpretação do conceito atual do crime, presente no artigo 149 do Código Penal pelos Desembargadores do Tribunal Regional Federal da 5 Região.This thesis aims to understand the reasons for the absence of criminal conviction of employers caught practicing the crime of work analogous to that of slave labor. This is a relevant issue, since, contemporary slave labor is a phenomenon recognized nationally and therefore receives numerous public policies aimed at its eradication. However, when investigating the occurrence of slave labor by the Judiciary, it is noted that most criminal lawsuits are filed without conviction. To do so, it is initially presented the passage from licit slave labor to contemporary, in the light of historicity and conceptual construction of the crime of reduction to the condition analogous to slave. In continuity, we study the interpretation given by international law, especially the Conventions signed by the International Labor Organization, concerning forced labor and the maintenance of persons in slavery conditions, which is less comprehensive than the legal protection present in Brazilian legislation.It also presents the public policies launched by the Federal Government and its current scenario, as well as the bills in progress inside the National Congress, established to modify the current concept of crime, as a way of analyzing how the Executive and Legislative Power Behaves when to reach the end of slave labor. To answer the reason for so many acquittals, a time-cut of six years was drawn, from 2009 to 2015, to identify the criminal actions distributed in the Federal Court of Pernambuco. We found the number of ten lawsuits, six of which have already ended. Consequently, the actions of the Mobile Inspection Group are analyzed in the tax actions that generated these demands, which will serve to answer the research problem, together with the interpretation of the current concept of crime, present in article 149 Of the Criminal Code by the judges of second instance of the Federal Regional Court, 5th Region.
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Leão, Ione Maria Barreto. "Escravidão contemporânea – combate." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19286.
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This work aims to provide a brief contextualization about the kind of labor that is still performed in degrading conditions, thus constituting a violation of a number of constitutional principles, chiefly human dignity, and described as modern day slave labor. The research of doctrines and articles revealed that despite being refuted by many persons, slave labor exists and its dissemination across our territory is unchallenged - mainly in the poorest regions - and centered in rural areas. Furthermore, after the publication of the Constitutional Amendment No. 81, which altered Article 243 of the Federal Constitution to allow the confiscation of property from individuals or corporations who, as employers, are caught committing the crime of contemporary slavery as defined by Article 149 of the Criminal Code, the Brazilian Congress acknowledged the existence of workers submitted to undignified labor conditions. The latter is used to define the crime and include, among other hypotheses, excessive working hours, degrading work and forced labor. Research results have also identified the main means to combat contemporary slave labor focusing on the Public Labor Prosecutor who has relentlessly fought to completely eradicate this social injustice that taints our society, and negatively reflects on social and economic progress as well as before international agencies. The research concluded that a lot has been done to improve this situation. However, given the defiant attitude of some employers on committing the crime described by Article 149 of the Criminal Code, there is hope that the alteration provided by Article 243 of the Constitution, together with the other forms of combat, we will be able to achieve - in a very short time - a radical change in the reported numbers of workers submitted to undignified labor practices in total violation of fundamental principles, essentially human dignity, the pillar of our Constitution
O presente trabalho tem por escopo fazer uma breve contextualização acerca do trabalho que ainda é prestado em condições degradantes, configurando violação a diversos princípios constitucionais, essencialmente o da dignidade da pessoa humana, e tipificado como trabalho escravo contemporâneo. A pesquisa doutrinária e de artigos demonstrou que, muito embora existam aqueles que ainda refutam sua existência, resta inconteste sua disseminação por todo nosso território, notadamente nas regiões mais carentes, e seu maior foco se encontra nas áreas rurais. Ademais, o Congresso Nacional, após a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional n. 81, que modificou o art. 243 da Constituição Federal, passando a prever a expropriação de bens de pessoas físicas ou jurídicas, que, na qualidade de empregadoras, sejam flagradas cometendo o crime previsto no art. 149, do Código Penal, qual seja, o de escravidão contemporânea, reconhece a existência de trabalhadores laborando em condições indignas, os quais são submetidos, dentre outras hipóteses, a jornadas exaustivas, trabalho degradante e trabalho forçado, que são tipificadoras do crime penal. O resultado da pesquisa ainda identificou os principais meios de combate ao trabalho escravo contemporâneo, dando destaque à atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho, que, de forma combativa, não mede esforços para erradicar de forma definitiva essa injustiça social, que tanto macula nossa sociedade, refletindo negativamente não só em nosso progresso social e econômico, como também perante os órgãos internacionais. O trabalho concluiu que muito se tem feito nesse sentido; no entanto, diante da recalcitrância de alguns empregadores em incorrer no crime previsto no art. 149 do Código Penal, espera-se que, com a alteração disposta no artigo 243, da Constituição Federal, aliada às demais formas de combate, possamos obter em curtíssimo tempo uma alteração radical nos números hoje identificados de trabalhadores ainda submetidos a prática laboral indigna, em frontal violação a princípios fundamentais, essencialmente o princípio da dignidade humana, pilar de nossa Lei Maior.
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Timóteo, Gabrielle Louise Soares. "Os trabalhadores bolivianos em São Paulo: uma abordagem jurídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-03092012-145034/.
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No atual cenário de globalização são verificadas diversas práticas de exploração laboral. O trabalho escravo é a forma de exploração laboral mais intensa que pode existir nos dias atuais. O tráfico de pessoas é uma prática criminosa crescente em nossa sociedade. No Brasil, em São Paulo, existem casos de trabalhadores imigrantes bolivianos vítimas de tráfico de pessoas e trabalho escravo. Esta pesquisa busca discutir os conceitos de trabalho decente, trabalho escravo, tráfico de pessoas, tráfico de migrantes, com o objetivo de focar na análise da exploração de imigrantes bolivianos em oficinas de costura de São Paulo. É argumentado que estes trabalhadores bolivianos, independentemente de seu status imigratório, possuem direitos laborais que devem ser respeitados.In the present scenario of globalization many labor exploitation practices take place. Slave labor is the most intensive form of labor exploitation that exists nowadays. Human trafficking is an ascending crime in our society. In Brazil, in Sao Paulo, there are cases of Bolivian immigrant workers victims of human trafficking and slave labor. This research intends to discuss concepts of decent work, slave labor, human trafficking, migrant smuggling, in order to focus on the analyses of the exploitation of Bolivian immigrants in textile sweatshops in Sao Paulo. It is argued that these Bolivian workers, independently of their migratory status, have labor rights that should be respected.
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Trindade, Solange de Moura. "“Quem procura trabalho não pode encontrar escravidão”: o combate à escravidão rural contemporânea no Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5380.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
ProMestre - Mestrado Profissional Educação e Docência
O presente estudo tem como temática central trabalho escravo rural contemporâneo no Brasil, modalidade de exploração trabalho reconhecido pela OIT como Trabalho Forçado, caracterizado pela escravidão por dívida. Privilegiar-se-á a identificação, descrição e problematização da atuação do poder público federal, com especial ênfase na atuação do MTE e dos Grupos Móveis Especiais que, na legislação nacional, têm a incumbência de combate e repressão ao trabalho escravo contemporâneo. Em termos metodológicos utilizaremos os pressupostos da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, fundamentada na legislação nacional e internacional, bem como nos dados disponibilizados pelo Governo Federal, CPT, OIT, entre outros. Utilizaremos ainda, como fonte secundária, dados retirados de estudos sobre o perfil do trabalhador escravizado e daqueles que utilizam do trabalho escravo. Cabe destacar que a escravidão rural contemporânea no Brasil guarda uma relação estreita com os arranjos produtivos típicos de um acentuado desenvolvimento tecnológico, que utiliza, ainda que de forma periférica, do trabalho forçado de populações caracterizadas por uma acentuada vulnerabilidade social e econômica, que potencializam seu recrutamento. Para o exercício de atividades laborais que coisificam os trabalhadores em uma flagrante violação de direitos humanos.
The present study has as its central theme the contemporary rural slave labor in Brazil, mode of exploration work recognized by OIT as Forced Labor, characterized by debt slavery. Emphasis will identification, description and questioning the actions of the federal government, with particular emphasis on the role of the MTE and Furniture Special Groups which, in national legislation, have the task of fighting and repression of contemporary slave labor. In methodological terms, we use the assumptions of bibliographic and documentary search, based in national and international legislation, as well as the data provided by the Federal Government, CPT, OIT, among others. We will use yet, as secondary source, data drawn from studies on the profile of enslaved worker and those who use slave labor. It is worth noting that the contemporary rural slavery in Brazil is closely linked with production arrangements typical of a strong technological development that uses, albeit peripheral, forced labor populations characterized by a strong social and economic vulnerability, that potentiate their recruitment. To perform work activities that thingify workers in flagrant violation of human rights.
Books on the topic "Slave labor"
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A, Berman Joel, ed. Slave labor: A meditation on humanity. Apple Valley, CA: Juniper Springs Press, 2007.
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Browning, Christopher R. Remembering survival: Inside a Nazi slave-labor camp. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2010.
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Browning, Christopher R. Remembering survival: Inside a Nazi slave-labor camp. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2010.
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Freire, João Ricardo Bessa. Dialética e escravidão. Rio de Janeiro: Achiamé, 1989.
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Santana, Eudoro. Orfãos da abolição: Tráfico de trabalhadores e trabalho escravo. [Fortaleza, Brazil]: Assembléia Legislativa do Estado do Ceará, 1993.
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Medeiros, Maria do Céu. O trabalho na Paraíba: Das origens à transição para o trabalho livre. João Pessoa: Editora Universitária UFPB, 1999.
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Catholic Church. Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil. Norte II. Comissão Justiça e Paz., ed. Trabalho escravo nas fazendas do Pará e Amapá, 1980-1998. Belém, Pará: Graphitte Gráfica & Editora, 1999.
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Karay, Felicja. Death comes in yellow: Skarzysko-Kamienna slave labor camp. Australia: Harwood Academic, 1995.
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Tadman, Michael. Speculators and slaves: Masters, traders, and slaves in the Old South. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.
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Maria José de Souza Andrade. A mão de obra escrava em Salvador, 1811-1860. SP [i.e. São Paulo]: Corrupio, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Slave labor"
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Rummel, R. J. "Slave Labor." In Democide, 63–66. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429336874-7.
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Buggeln, Marc. "Slave Labor in Nazi Germany." In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 605–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_34.
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AbstractThe National Socialists regarded the population of Eastern Europe, if they were not to be killed or left for dead, as a reservoir of slave labor that would guarantee the Germans a higher standard of living. The Reichsführer SS, Heinrich Himmler, formulated this in unvarnished clarity in his infamous Posen speech from October 4, 1943: “Whether the other peoples live in prosperity or whether they die of hunger, that interests me only to the extent that we need them as slaves for our culture, otherwise it does not interest me.” This chapter examines the use of state-sponsored slave labor in Nazi Germany.
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Hein, Hilde. "Worker Bees and Slave Labor." In Encouraging Openness, 399–416. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57669-5_32.
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Dantas, Mariana L. R. "The Urban Slave Labor Force." In Black Townsmen, 71–96. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230611115_4.
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Salau, Mohammed Bashir. "Slave Resistance, Control of Slave Labor, and Groundnut Production." In The West African Slave Plantation, 111–28. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230120167_6.
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Gorender, Jacob, Bernd Reiter, and Alejandro Reyes. "Original Sources of Slave Labor Force." In Colonial Slavery, 64–73. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003090-8.
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Baccelli, Luca. "La schiavitù dei contemporanei." In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 1165–72. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.136.
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Slave labor survived the abolition of slavery. Karl Marx analyzed both the role of legal slavery in the original accumulation of the capital and the forms of forced labor inherent to the “free” labor relationships (wage slavery). In the XX century some critics of the prominent social role of labor shown a form of nostalgia for ancient slavery which set free citizens from necessity. Globalized capitalism exploits slaves, even if formally free like in the early modernity, whereas extreme subordination is widespread in developed economies and in sectors employing advanced technologies.
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Menard, Russell. "From Servants to Slaves: The Transformation of the Chesapeake Labor System." In The Atlantic Slave Trade, 341–76. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003362449-17.
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Drescher, Seymour. "Free Labor vs Slave Labor: The British and Caribbean Cases (1999)." In From Slavery to Freedom, 399–443. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14876-9_14.
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Beckles, Hilary McD, and Andrew Downes. "The Economics of Transition to the Black Labor System in Barbados, 1630-1680." In The Atlantic Slave Trade, 143–65. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003362449-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Slave labor"
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Costa, Eduardo Antonio Resende Homem da. "POVERTY AND MIGRATION: AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELEVANCE OF CONTEMPORARY SLAVE LABOR IN PORTUGAL." In Congresso Internacional de Direitos Humanos de Coimbra. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/1163602.7-242.
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Kaliuzhnyi, Aleksandr, and Nikolai Shurukhnov. "LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERACTING ABDUCTION OF PEOPLE, TRAFFICKING IN PEOPLE AND THE USE OF THEIR SLAVE LABOR." In 7th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES ISCAH 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscah.f2020.7.2/s01.02.
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Garreto, Gairo, J. Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota, and António Torres Marques. "Hand tools characteristics in slave labour." In 3rd Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. Porto: FEUP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-260-6_0073-0077.
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Cenci, Stefano, Giulio Rosati, Damiano Zanotto, Fabio Oscari, and Aldo Rossi. "First Test Results of a Haptic Tele-Operation System to Enhance Stability of Telescopic Handlers." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25305.
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According to a recent report of ILO (International Labour Organization), more than two million people die or loose the working capability every year because of accidents or work-related diseases. A large portion of these accidents are related to the execution of motion and transportation tasks involving heavy duty machines. The insufficient degree of interaction between the human operator and the machine may be regarded as one of the major causes of this phenomenon. The main goal of the tele-operation system presented in this paper is to both preserving slave (machine) stability, by reducing the inputs of slave actuators when certain unsafe working conditions occur, and improving the level of interaction at master (operator) side. Different control schemes are proposed in the paper, including several combinations of master and slave control strategies. The effectiveness of the algorithms is analyzed by presenting some experimental results, based on the use of a two degrees-of-freedom force feedback input device (with one active actuator and one passive stiff joint) coupled with a simulator of a telescopic handler.
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Oppenheimer, Nat, and Luis C. deBaca. "Ending the Market for Human Slavery Through Design." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1797.
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<p>The design and construction of structures throughout history has too often been realized through the labor of enslaved people, both in the direct construction of these structures and in the procurement and fabrication of building materials. This is as true today as it was at the time of the pyramids.</p><p>Despite the challenges, the design and construction industries have a moral and ethical obligation to eradicate modern human trafficking practices. If done right, this shift will also lead to commercial advances.</p><p>Led by the Grace Farms Foundation, a Connecticut-based non-profit organization, a working group composed of design professionals, builders, owners, and academics has set out to eliminate the use of modern slaves within the built environment through awareness, agency, and tangible tools. Although inspired by the success of the green building movement, this initiative does not use the past as a template. Rather, we are committed to work with the most advanced tracking and aggregation technology to give owners, builders, and designers the tools they need to allow for clear and concise integration of real-time data into design and construction documents.</p><p>This paper summarizes the history of the issue, the moral, ethical, and commercial call to action, and the tangible solutions – both existing and emergent – in the fight against modern-day slavery in the design and construction industries.</p><p>Our intent is to present this material via a panel discussion. The panel will include an owner, an international owner’s representative, a builder, a big data specialist, an architect, an engineer, and a writer/academic who will act as moderator.</p>
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Carlsson, Moa, Remo Pedreschi, and Simone Ferracina. "Business as Unusual: Pedagogical Experiments at ESALA." In 2021 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2021.32.
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The relationship between design, material processes and their application has been a consistent theme in the teaching and research at the Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (ESALA), at the University of Edinburgh. This work was strengthened and consolidated with the formation of the Architectural Research Workshop (ARW), and with its increased ability to produce large-scale prototypes, and has intensified in recent years as we rethink architectural pedagogy in response to the impacts of climate breakdown and its associated injustices. This paper presents a selection of courses and pedagogies, developed by academic staff at ESALA, that seek to take the environmental crisis as an opportunity to prototype novel construction materials, fabrication protocols, and architectural design methods, foregrounding an open-ended design process that privileges encounters with pre-existing materials over the architect’s own aspirations and ideas. In three teaching projects, and across several years and programmes, we outline an approach that emphasizes reuse and repurposing practices in relation to making (material processes and affordances) and making visible (diverting material flows; reclaiming values and valuing protocols). The three projects discussed—the MSc program “Material Practice,” and two studio options within the BA/MA under-graduate Architecture Honors Program (a third-year unit entitled “Radical Coauthorship,” and a fourth-year one entitled “No Blank Slate”)—encourage a direct engagement with material histories and ecologies (surveys and classifications) and fabrication processes (experiments and full-scale prototyping), demonstrating a probabilistic approach that draws and develops designs from latent and embodied opportunities. These approaches demand that work be not (only) assessed according to final outputs (the considered object or building as desirable outcome), but in relation to the technical platforms, material flows, supply chains, and labor practices associated with them, questioning our very assumptions and biases in the adjudication of meaning, beauty, and value.
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Novaković, Milan. "IZAZOVI LOKALNOG OMBUDSMANA U SRBIJI U VREME „GLOBALNE PANDEMIJE"." In Razvoj i unapređenje institucije ombudsmana u funkciji zaštite ljudskih prava. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/ruio23.185n.
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As the history of the civilization as we know it changed – so did The attitude about a man as a human being. With the evolution of society and human consciousness, human rights and freedoms also evolved, so troughout history we have seen people in The Old Century as a “slaves”, in The Middle Century as a “labor”, and in The New Century as a “citizens”. Civil and political rights are considered universal rights that apply to any of us and that each of us acquires(gets)at birth. The evolution in the development of human rights and freedom has led to the fact that they are incorporated into The Constitutions of countries, international affairs but the more acts are there - the greater are the chances that someone violates them. Freedom as a value today is going trough its greatest trials, and human rights and freedoms are being restricted today, more than ever before, for numerous of reasons, and The Concept of human rights development to the institutional framework called – The Constitution and citizen rights is called into question. In this Era of globalism and transhumanism acts(Protocols of WHO) passed by supranational organizations, such as The so-called “World Health Organization UN” have stronger legal power than the Constitution of states. Over time, The General acts of global/transnational organizations gained so much importance that they become more important to the administrative bodies in Serbia, than The most important legal act in the country – The Constitution. This is the root of all problems because the hierarchy of legal acts in the country is broken, so in the continuation of this paper, on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of The Institution of The Local ombudsmen in Serbia, I’ll explain, using my example from practice how I - by protecting The Constitution of The Republic of Serbia and The Institution of The Local ombudsmen in Serbia – finished(ended up) at the court.
Reports on the topic "Slave labor"
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Yagci Sokat, Kezban. Understanding the Role of Transportation in Human Trafficking in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2108.
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Human trafficking, a form of modern slavery, is the recruitment, transport, and/or transfer of persons using force, fraud, or coercion to exploit them for acts of labor or sex. According to the International Labor Organization, human trafficking is the fastest growing organized crime with approximately $150 billion in annual profits and 40.3 million individuals trapped in slave-like conditions. While it is not compulsory to involve transportation for human trafficking, the transportation industry plays a critical role in combating human trafficking as traffickers often rely on the transportation system to recruit, move, or transfer victims. This multi-method study investigates the role of transportation in combatting human trafficking in California by conducting a survey followed up with semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. The expert input is supplemented with labor violations and transit accessibility analysis. Experts emphasize the importance of education, training, and awareness efforts combined with partnership, data, and analysis. Screening transportation industry personnel for human trafficking is another step that the industry can take to combat this issue. Particularly, sharing perpetrator information and transportation related trends among transportation modalities and local groups could help all anti-trafficking practitioners. In addition, the transportation industry can support the victims and survivors in their exit attempts and post/exit life. Examples of this support include serving as a safe haven, and providing transportation to essential services. Transportation should ensure that all of these efforts are survivor-centric, inclusive for all types of trafficking, and tailored to the needs of the modality, population, and location.
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Huntington, Dale. Anti-trafficking programs in South Asia: Appropriate activities, indicators and evaluation methodologies. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1019.
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Throughout South Asia, men, women, boys, and girls are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders against their wills in what is essentially a clandestine slave trade. The Congressional Research Service and the U.S. State Department estimate that between 1 to 2 million people are trafficked each year worldwide with the majority originating in Asia. Root causes include extreme disparities of wealth, increased awareness of job opportunities far from home, pervasive inequality due to caste, class, and gender bias, lack of transparency in regulations governing labor migration, poor enforcement of internationally agreed-upon human rights standards, and the enormous profitability for traffickers. The Population Council, UNIFEM, and PATH led a participatory approach to explore activities that address the problem of human trafficking in South Asia. A meeting was held in Kathmandu, Nepal, September 11– 13, 2001 to discuss these issues. Approximately 50 representatives from South Asian institutions, United Nations agencies, and international and local NGOs attended. This report summarizes the principal points from each paper presented and captures important discussion points that emerged from each panel presentation.