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Journal articles on the topic 'Slavs in Lower Austria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Parczewski, Michał. "Origins of Early Slav Culture in Poland." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080303.

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The archaeological remains of the Early Slav Culture (ESC), which dates to the 6th and 7th centuries AD, cover a substantial area of Europe ranging from eastern Byelorussia and the Ukraine to central Germany and Lower Austria, and from the Baltic to the Adriatic and Aegean. The Polish area is crucial for the clarification of the extremely unclear origins of the Slav ethnic group and the circumstances of its expansion around the middle of the 1st millennium AD. Traditionally, Polish scholars have viewed the lands lying athwart the basins of the Odra and Vistula rivers as the cradle of Slavia. This belief has to be subjected to closer scrutiny.

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2

Rydval, Milan, Jiří Kolísko, Petr Huňka, and Tomáš Mandlík. "Experimental Testing of Layered UHPFRC Beams." Advanced Materials Research 1000 (August 2014): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1000.346.

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Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) is fine-grained cement-based material characterized by high compressive strength (exceeding 150 MPa) and high modulus of rupture (over 15 MPa). The results of strengths depend on the size of the tested element, the loading rate and the boundary conditions during a testing. This type of material is used in a lot of countries (e.g. Germany, France, the USA, Japan, Austria, and the Netherlands) but it is not commonly used in the Czech Republic. The bridge over R10 road from Prague to Mlada Boleslav near Benatky nad Jizerou was the first structure where UHPFRC materials were used for lost shuttering slabs. Due to inhomogeneity of the steel fiber distribution the maximum attained force ranged between 9.6 kN and 25.7 kN for different lost shuttering slabs. The amount of steel fibers was very low at a tension zone at slabs with the lower load-bearing capacity. Steel fibers in these slabs were at the bottom of the formwork. The inhomogeneity of the steel fiber distribution was the foundation for producing of functionally layered beams with controlled inhomogeneity due to the mixtures with different fibers volumes. The results and behaviors of the layered beams and the homogeneous beams are presented in this paper.

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3

Derlatka, Tomasz. "Z Przewodnika po powieści Słowian Zachodnich (1945-1995)." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 74/2 (December 10, 2018): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2017.74.30.

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This article contains a selection of notions from the Guidebook to the Novels of the West Slavs (a working title). The Guidebook is addressed predominantly at researchers involved in comparative studies of the literatures of the West Slavs and it will cover fifty years (1945–1995) of novels written by West Slavic authors: Kashubian, Polish, Slovak (from Slovakia and the so-called Lower Land), Czech as well as Upper and Lower Lusatian, and how they changed. Each entry will consist of a brief presentation of a novel’s content, bibliographical information (the subsequent editions, possible translations; reception in the other languages will be limited exclusively to the West Slavs area), interpretation, a novel’s significance to a writer’s achievements, specific national literature and, finally, the West Slavs’ novels as a whole, a selection (maximum five items) of the most important literature on the subject.

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4

Eedy, Sean. "Slavs in post-Nazi Austria: Carinthian Slovenes and the politics of assimilation, 1945–1960." Canadian Slavonic Papers 61, no. 1 (November 19, 2018): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2018.1541557.

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5

Reifowitz, Ian. "Threads Intertwined: German National Egoism and Liberalism in Adolf fischhof's Vision for Austria." Nationalities Papers 29, no. 3 (September 2001): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990120073690.

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This article analyzes the ideas of Adolf Fischhof (1816–93) on the nationalities question in the Habsburg Monarchy. Throughout his career Fischhof argued that the survival of the multiethnic Habsburg polity required the strengthening of each nationality's separate consciousness as an ethno-cultural unit. In terms of the reform plan he espoused, he was perhaps more supportive of the rights of the non-German peoples of Austria than any other German liberal politician of the post-1848 era. Nevertheless, Fischhof's rationale for proposing such reforms, namely that they would lead the Monarchy's Slavs to reject the notion of ethnic kinship with Russia and instead join the civilized, European (read: German) side in its inevitable clash with barbarous Muscovite tyranny, revealed a clear belief in the supremacy of German Kultur and in a German-centered mission for the Austrian state.

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6

Moll, Martin. "Robert Knight, Slavs in Post-Nazi Austria: Carinthian Slovenes and the Politics of Assimilation, 1945–1960." European History Quarterly 47, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691417729639y.

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7

Thaler, Peter. "Robert Knight. Slavs in Post-Nazi Austria: Carinthian Slovenes and the Politics of Assimilation, 1945–1960." American Historical Review 124, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhy552.

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8

Gassner, Florian. "Slavs in Post-Nazi Austria: Carinthian Slovenes and the Politics of Assimilation, 1945–1960 by Robert Knight." Journal of Austrian Studies 52, no. 1-2 (2019): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/oas.2019.0027.

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9

Djokić, Dejan. "Slavs in Post-Nazi Austria: Carinthian Slovenes and the Politics of Assimilation, 1945–1960, by Robert Knight." English Historical Review 134, no. 568 (April 1, 2019): 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cez112.

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10

Romanenko, Sergey. "Centrifugal and Centripetal Trends in Political Programs of National Movements of South Slavs of Austria-Hungary, 1914—1918." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 2 (2020): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640008649-1.

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11

Whaley, Joachim. "Book Review: Robert Knight: Slavs in Post-Nazi Austria: Carinthian Slovenes and the Politics of Assimilation, 1945–1960." Journal of European Studies 47, no. 4 (December 2017): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244117733894e.

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12

Corrêa da Fonseca, Ana Cláudia. "Assessment of mobile dental services in the State of Lower Austria, Austria." Gerodontology 26, no. 4 (June 25, 2009): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00288.x.

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13

Nordsieck, Hartmut. "Clausiliidae from the Sarmatian site Hautzendorf (Austria: Lower Austria: Weinviertel) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)." Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 143, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/143/033-038.

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14

Dronov, Aleksandr. "Russian consulates in Dalmatia in the context of political processes by South Slavs in Austria-Hungary and on the Habsburg-Ottoman border in the 1870s." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2018): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2018.3-4.1.07.

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The article studies the functions of Russian consulates in Dalmatia in 1870s and how they evaluated political processes in South Slavic communities in Austria-Hungary and Ottoman empire. The focus is on the activities of Russian consuls in Fiume and Ragusa and on their relations with the Austrian and Hungarian authorities, as well as the place the consulates had in the network of Russian diplomatic missions in the Balkan region.

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15

Haschek, B., D. Klein, V. Benetka, C. Herrera, I. Sommerfeld-Stur, S. Vilcek, K. Moestl, and W. Baumgartner. "Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea in Lower Austria and Styria (Austria)." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 53, no. 4 (May 2006): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00936.x.

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16

Feldman, David. "European Human Rights and Constitution-building in a Post-conflict Society: the Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 7 (2005): 101–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802730747.

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The constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth ‘BiH’) was born out of conflict. The country, like much of the Balkan region, had been subject to waves of invasion, nationalist tension and foreign domination for many centuries. The Ottoman Empire, with a complex system of public and private law influenced by Islamic law, had been followed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, overlaying the legal system with the tradition of the Code Civil. Before the Ottoman period the Slav population had divided between adherents to the Church of Rome and followers of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Under the Ottomans a group of Slavs had converted to Islam, further fracturing the religious coherence of the region. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the pan-Slavist movement had sought to establish a Serb national homeland for its people. When Princip assassinated the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo in 1914, the aim was to establish a Serb state free of imperial domination.

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17

Feldman, David. "European Human Rights and Constitution-building in a Post-conflict Society: the Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 7 (2005): 101–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000004523.

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The constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth ‘BiH’) was born out of conflict. The country, like much of the Balkan region, had been subject to waves of invasion, nationalist tension and foreign domination for many centuries. The Ottoman Empire, with a complex system of public and private law influenced by Islamic law, had been followed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, overlaying the legal system with the tradition of the Code Civil. Before the Ottoman period the Slav population had divided between adherents to the Church of Rome and followers of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Under the Ottomans a group of Slavs had converted to Islam, further fracturing the religious coherence of the region. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the pan-Slavist movement had sought to establish a Serb national homeland for its people. When Princip assassinated the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo in 1914, the aim was to establish a Serb state free of imperial domination.

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18

Rebay-Salisbury, Katharina, Doris Pany-Kucera, Michaela Spannagl-Steiner, Fabian Kanz, Patrik Galeta, Maria Teschler-Nicola, and Roderick B. Salisbury. "Motherhood at Early Bronze Age Unterhautzenthal, Lower Austria." Archaeologia Austriaca 1 (2018): 71–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia102s71.

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19

Winkler, Martina. "Larry Wolff, Venice and the Slavs. The Discovery of Dalmatia in the Age of Enlightenment. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2001, 408 pp." Nationalities Papers 31, no. 2 (June 2003): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0090599200020845.

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When it comes to identity, nationalism and the various perceptions of “the Other,” postcolonial theory has inspired historians of Central and Eastern Europe for years. This inspiration, however, has not overcome a certain superficial level of slogans and catchphrases: identity is a cultural construction, yes, so it is somehow connected to the problem of power; knowledge too, since we have read Said and Foucault, is to be considered as both a result and an instrument of power. Now it seems that this superficiality will not be accepted any more. Recently, scholars of Central Europe organized a conference focusing on the questions of whether and how postcolonial theory can be applied on the study of Austria-Hungary. Was the Habsburg Empire really an Empire, can perspectives developed in Delhi be transferred to Prague and Bratislava?

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20

FEDORIV, IRYNA. "PEDAGOGICAL MILESTONES OF MYRON KORDUBA’S LIFE AND ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EPOCH." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.21.1.22.

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The presented research provides a comprehensive analysis of the main periods of pedagogical activity of Myron Korduba (1876–1947), the prominent Ukrainian scientist in the fields of History, Geography and Bibliography, as well as a public and political figure in the context of educational and cultural processes that took place in Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century. The main achievements of the scientist and educator include writing and publishing textbooks and lecture courses, in particular, “Paintings from World History for Folk and Special Schools”, “Methodology of History”, “History of the Western Slavs in the Age of Peremyslid and Piast”, “History of the Galicia-Volyn Principality”, “Lectures on the History of Ukraine, given at the University of Warsaw” and others. The peculiarities of M. Korduba’s pedagogical activity in accordance with the main milestones of his life have been analyzed. As a teacher and organizer of educational activities, the scientist worked in secondary and higher schools of Austria-Hungary, the Second Commonwealth and the USSR, in particular, in the second state gymnasium in Chernivtsi, Ukrainian Secret University, Warsaw University, Ukrainian gymnasium in Kholm, the second and the first Ukrainian gymnasiums in Lviv, and in Lviv University, where he had been the Head of the Department of the Southern and Western Slavs. The contribution of M. Korduba to the teaching of historical disciplines and popularization of Ukrainian-language education among the population of Bukovina and Galicia, as well as his teaching methodology, which was based on interdisciplinary links and source processing, has been clarified. It has been proved that M. Korduba had done a significant contribution to the development of modern Ukrainian schooling; and his role in the cultural and educational processes of Bukovina and Galicia in the first half of the twentieth century, especially that of an organizer of higher education in those regions has been outlined.

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21

Šašková-Pierce, Mila, Florin Curta, and Jesse Savage. "The Making of Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region c. 500-700." Slavic and East European Journal 49, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20058288.

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22

Shorter, Edward. "Mania, Hysteria and Gender in Lower Austria, 1891-1905." History of Psychiatry 1, no. 1 (March 1990): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x9000100102.

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23

Schönlaub, Hans P., Peter Klein, Mordeckai Magaritz, Gerd Rantitsch, and Susanne Scharbert. "Lower carboniferous paleokarst in the Carnic Alps (Austria, Italy)." Facies 25, no. 1 (December 1991): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02536756.

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24

Strauss, R., G. Fülöp, and C. Pfeifer. "Hepatitis C in Austria 1993–2000: reporting bias distort HCV epidemiology in Austria." Eurosurveillance 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.08.05.00412-en.

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From 1993 to 2000 in Austria, the notification system registered 2232 cases of hepatitis C whereas 10 607 hospital cases were reported in the hospital discharge register (HDR). These differences can be explained by under–reporting due to lax reporting behaviour and stigma associated with this disease. The distribution of HCV infection varied geographically. The notification data showed the highest incidence rates in Tyrol, while HDR data showed highest hospitalisation rates in Vienna and Lower Austria. This study highlights the urgent need for a clear case definition at the national level and an electronic reporting system.

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25

Ranđelović, Nebojša, and Sara Mitić. "The December 1st unification acts: Goals and deviations." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 1 (2020): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-22960.

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The December 1st acts for the unification of South Slavs in a common state represented the end of the realization of the great idea of unification and the beginning of the process of the dissolution of the new state. The face of the realization of this idea is the chronology of events, which points out the ascending path of the work of Serbia and the National Council on the ultimate unification. The back is represented by the confusion of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the work of the National Council in those circumstances. Often with some of its members having no feeling for the reality of events, the Central committee of the National Council formulated a "Naputak" (binding instructions for its delegation sent to Belgrade on 28th November 1918.). Pressed by the speed of events and real dangers (Italian pretensions, the impossibility of maintaining order without armed forces etc.), the delegation gave up on the contents of the instructions and adjusted it in the Address to regent Aleksandar, which was followed by the declaration of the unification into a common state on the 1st December 1918. The consequences of this kind of union are felt even today.

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26

Perovšek, Jurij. "Slovenian political press about the war with the Russian and other Slavic adversaries in 1914–1916." Russian-Slovenian relations in the twentieth century, no. IV (2018): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2618-8562.2018.4.2.3.

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For a vast majority of Slovenians and Slovenian soldiers the Slavic opponents of the Monarchy were enemies. In the period from 1914 to 1916 such sentiments were encouraged by two Slovenian political daily newspapers catholic Slovenec and liberal Slovenski narod, whose attitude allowed no ideas about interaction between Slovenians and the other Slavic nations. Regarding the issue of Slavic identity on the fi rst place were front lines which ran between Austria-Hungary and Germany on the one side and Slavic countries fi ghting them on the other. Despite some articles in which no harsh words were shared concerning Slavic opponents, the path to considering the mutual Slavic identity was decisively closed at both newspapers. There were only the Austrian sense of self-worth and its narrow attitude towards the Slavic identity and culture. Both Slovenec and Slovenski narod signifi cantly consolidated the position that Slovenians ― just like other Slavs in the Habsburg Monarchy ― were Austrians, and those who did not feel the same came from other planet. This attitude was laid by the war, subordinated Slavic interests to the interests of the states participating in it.

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27

Smeral, Egon. "Measuring the economic impact of tourism: the case of Lower and Upper Austria." Tourism Review 70, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-01-2015-0002.

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Purpose – This study aims to demonstrate that the information content of a regional tourism satellite account (RTSA) is a very complex phenomenon and the complete impact of tourism is difficult to capture. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the recommended framework for tourism satellite account-building and is concentrated on Lower and Upper Austria, two of the nine Austrian federal states. The RTSA provides an analytical framework of issues related to tourism economics and tourism policy as well as for model building, tourism growth analysis and productivity measurement. Findings – Considering only direct effects, calculations showed that tourism made around 3 1/2 per cent of the Upper Austrian gross regional product. In case of Lower Austria, the relevant figure was around 1 percentage lower. Considering the direct and indirect effects, tourism contributed almost 6 per cent to the overall gross regional product of Upper Austria, and in Lower Austria, tourism contributed around 5 per cent to the overall gross regional product. Originality/value – This paper is one of the first papers about considering (beside the direct effects) also the indirect effects of tourism and pointing out the true economic impact of tourism on the whole economy on a regional level.

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28

Schmeidler, Karel. "South Moravia–Lower Austria: A regional plan going beyond frontiers." Urbani izziv, no. 30-31 (1997): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-1997-30-31-007.

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29

Kvaček, Jiřı́, and Alexei B. Herman. "Monocotyledons from the Early Campanian (Cretaceous) of Grünbach, Lower Austria." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 128, no. 3-4 (February 2004): 323–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-6667(03)00154-4.

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30

Hölzel, Monika, Kurt Decker, András Zámolyi, Philipp Strauss, and Michael Wagreich. "Lower Miocene structural evolution of the central Vienna Basin (Austria)." Marine and Petroleum Geology 27, no. 3 (March 2010): 666–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.10.005.

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31

Schlott-idl, Karin. "Development of zooplankton in fishponds of the Waldviertel (Lower Austria)." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 7, no. 4 (December 1991): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1991.tb00600.x.

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32

Denk, Peter, and Barbara Weibold. "Psychiatric Care Planning in Lower Austria—A long-term Project." Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research 22, no. 2 (June 2016): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2016.04.002.

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33

Grabher, Gernot. "Regional Innovation By Networking the case of southern Lower Austria." Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 1, no. 2 (January 1989): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08985628900000012.

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34

Teschler-Nicola, M. E., W. Antl-Weiser, and H. Prossinger. "Two Gravettian human deciduous teeth from Grub/Kranawetberg, Lower Austria." HOMO 54, no. 3 (2004): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0018-442x-00074.

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35

Lepuschitz, Ehrenfried. "Statistics about torrents in Lower Austria, status from May 2015." Data in Brief 4 (September 2015): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2015.07.036.

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36

BARAN, Zoya. "SLAVIC IDEA IN OLGERD BOCHKOVSKYI’S INTERPRETATION." Problems of slavonic studies, no. 68 (2019): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2019.68.3084.

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Background: Slavic idea, which was based on the idea of the ethnic, linguistic-cultural and historical affinity of the Slavs, was intensified at the beginning of the twentieth century in conditions of political enslavement of the majority of Slavic peoples. It became an integral part of such concepts as Austro-Slavism, Illirism-Yugoslavism, Russian imperial Pan-Slavism, and neo-Slavism. In the interwar period, the ideas of Slavic unity aroused interest in almost all Slavic states and became the subject of discussion on the pages of the special periodicals. The Ukrainian intellectual O. Bochkovskii outlined his point of view. Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze the interpretation of O. Bochkovsky (in 1916, investigating so-called non-historical nations, distinguishing three phases in the process of their national revival: national awakening, economic emancipation, politicization of the movement), the idea of Slavic unity in all its manifestations at various stages of historical development . Results: O. Bochkowski believed that in the process of national revival, the desire of small Slavic peoples to rally on the grounds of belonging to the Slavs played a positive role: in uniting, the peoples hoped to stand in the struggle for their own existence, seeking support from the most numerous and strongest people. Therefore, among the Balkan and Austrian Slavs, Slavophilism was often identified with Russophilism. O. Bochkovsky criticized the philosophy of Slavophilism for lack of concrete measures in the program to solve the most important - the national problem in Russia. In Pan-Slavophilism, he identified two opposite directions: Pan-Russianism and Austro-Slavism. Pan-Russianism (Russian political Pan-Slavism) was used by the official Russian authorities outside the Russian Empire (in Austria-Hungary, the Balkans) to mask their imperialist goals. Austro-Slavism regarded as a typical manifestation of the Slavophilism of the enslaved Slavic peoples, who began on the path of rebirth. O. Bochkovsky considered contradictory statements of the new course of Neo-Slavism: taking the principle of national self-determination and independence of the Slavic peoples, Neo-Slavism neglected the national movement of the Ukrainian people. Scientist called the First World War, which actualized the national question, a signal for the enslaved peoples, a process that initiated the formation of future interethnic relations. Evaluating the difficulties of the process of national consolidation of Yugoslavia after the end of the World War, the scientist assessed Illrimism as a consonant ideology, believing that Serbo-Croatian dualism was primarily due to cultural differences. He positively appreciated the formation of the "Kingdom of Serbia, Croats and Slovenes" and expressed regret over the degeneration of Illirism-Yugo-Slavism in Pan-Serbian central-ism. The scholar explained the formation and effective functioning of the Czechoslovak state in the absence of the Czech-Slovak antagonism. O. Bochkovsky assessed negatively appearance in the 1920-th a new Russian ideology – Eurasianism. O. Bochkovsky acknowledged for every nation the right to independence and the formation of their own state. He considered Pan-Slavism to be utopia, since after the First World War, there was an urgent need to protect the Slavs, and the isolation of a single Slavic people, which could have become a leader for the whole of the Slavic region, would constitute a threat to the independence of the weak Slavic peoples . More he considered the creation of political unions within continents, such as Pan-Europe, Pan-Asia, Pan-Africa, Pan-Amerika. Key words: Austro-Slavism, O. Bochkovsky, illirism, Eurasianism, neoslavism, Pan-Slavism, slavophilia, Yugoslavism.

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37

Abulafia, David. "Islam in the History of Early Europe." Itinerario 20, no. 3 (November 1996): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300003958.

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Virtually every account of European history after the fall of the Roman Empire identifies ‘Europe’ with Christian civilisation, echoing, consciously or otherwise, the universalist claims of the Byzantine emperors, the popes and the western Roman emperors. Yet it is also the case that Islam possessed a European presence from the eighth century onwards, first of all in Spain and the Mediterranean islands, and later, from the mid-fourteenth century, in the Balkans, where the Turks were able rapidly to establish an empire which directly threatened Hungary and Austria. The lands ruled by Islam on the European land mass have tended to be treated by historians as European only in geographical identity, but in human terms part of a victorious and alien ‘oriental’ civilisation, of which they were provincial dependencies, and from which medieval Spanish Christians or modern Greeks and Slavs had to liberate themselves. Yet this view is fallacious for several reasons. In the first place, there is a valid question about our use of the term ‘civilisation’, which Fred Halliday has expressed as follows:‘Civilisations’ are like nations, traditions, communities – terms that claim a reality and authority which is itself open to question, and appeal to a tradition that turns out, on closer inspection, to be a contemporary creation.

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38

Strauss, R., and C. Pfeifer. "Malaria in Austria 1990-2000." Eurosurveillance 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.08.04.00408-en.

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In Austria, between 1990 and 2000, 924 travel related malaria cases were reported (mean = 84/year). No significant decreasing or increasing trends were observed. P. falciparum (n=517; 55.9%) accounted for the highest number of cases followed by P. vivax or ovale (n=321; 34.7%) and P. malariae (n=29; 2.2%). Most infections were contracted in highly endemic malaria regions (n=686; 74.2%) and most cases were reported from the largest counties: Vienna (n=336, 36.4%), Styria (n=156, 16.8%), and Lower Austria (n=151, 16.3%). Overall, 12 deaths occurred, most were caused by P. falciparum (n=9, 75%; case fatality rate: 1.9%). Data on chemoprophylaxis was available for 752 cases (81.4%) but only half of them (n=367, 48.8%) gave detailed information on the drug used. Data on compliance were obtained for only 45.4% of the cases, with only about 60% of patients completing the full course of prophylaxis.

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Dillinger, Thomas. "Steering Spatial Development in the Vienna Agglomeration." International Journal of Business & Technology 3, no. 1 (November 2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2014.3.1.04.

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After the falling down of the “iron curtain” Vienna starts to grow again. It is now a metropolitan area with about 2.6 Mio. inhabitants. Vienna is surrounded by Lower Austria, which is one of the nine countries (Bundesländer) of Austria. Spatial Planning is based on the Austrian Constitution a complex matter. The Federal State, the Countries and the Municipalities have competences in Spatial Planning. Thus, in the agglomeration we are confronted with different spatial planning legislation, instruments and institution.In this situation basically three instruments have been developed to steer spatial development in the Vienna agglomeration: Lower Austria has passed two legally binding spatial development programmes as framework for spatial development in the municipalities around Vienna. Besides that, Vienna and Lower Austria established a “Stadt-Umland-Management” (North and South). This management is an association acts as a cooperation and network platform with no legal competences. Just recently a new “regional master plan” has been elaborated in the North of Vienna. The Master Plan was drafted in a participatory approach. A steering group with representatives (mayors) of all Municipalities and the Government of Lower Austria was formed. All planning steps have been discussed and decided involving the Municipalities and formally approved in the so called “Regional form” where all Municipalities and the Lower Austrian Government have a vote. More specific this plan is a spatial framework for the municipalities in terms of building land for housing, economic activities and protection of green zones of regional importance. The paper concentrates on experiences made in in the drafting process of this new “regional master plan” in the Vienna agglomeration area North of Vienna.

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Barjaktarovic, Mirko. "On the ethnogenetic processes in Pancevo and its surroundings." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 116-117 (2004): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0417269b.

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This paper discusses inter-ethnic contacts and ethonogenetic processes in lower Banat. This part of the Danube region attracted various nations (the Dacians, Romans, Celts, Avars, Slavs, Hungarians, Romanians, Germans) from ancient times. From the 18th century, one could follow the cultural influences of western Europe which came with the settled Germans. After World War II, the Serbs, Macedonians, Moslems were settled there instead of the emigrated Germans. Thus the inter-ethnic contacts of different nations continued further on. Still, in this part of Banat, from Middle Ages the basic ethnic characteristics have been related to the Serbs.

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Bobková, Markéta. "The Process of Managing a Destination in Lower and Upper Austria." Czech Journal of Tourism 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2015-0001.

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Abstract The focus of the submitted article is to introduce the findings of author’s research in the area of destination management process conducted in the developed (Alpine) tourist destinations in the year of 2014. The theoretical part based on a literature review summarizes current knowledge dealing with the destination management process in terms of approaches and research findings. Problems influencing either positively or negatively this process, e.g. financing, legislation or cooperation among stakeholders are also defined. The practical application part includes an analysis of model destinations in Lower Austria and Upper Austria and presents the results of qualitative research conducted in these destinations. The collected information can be used to design methods leading to the improvement of the destination management process in tourist less developed destinations.

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Falk, Martin, and Robert Steiger. "An Exploration of the Debt Ratio of Ski Lift Operators." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 2985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10092985.

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This article examines the determinants of the debt-to-capital ratio of ski lift operators. The analysis is based on the total population of 248 ski lift operators in Austria. The median debt-to-capital ratio is 73%, with a highly skewed distribution, where almost every fourth operator exhibits negative equity capital. Robust regressions show that the debt-to-capital ratio significantly depends on the size of the ski area, elevation, location, presence of a neighboring ski area, supply of accommodation nearby, and the proportion of foreign overnight stays. However, the significance and magnitude of these factors differ between East and West Austria. For eastern Austria, larger ski operators, with neighboring resorts close by and a vast supply of accommodation, have a significantly lower debt-to-capital ratio. In western Austria, elevation and presence of a neighbor are significant predictors. Operators with a neighbor nearby exhibit a 15-percentage-point lower debt ratio.

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Petschko, H., A. Brenning, R. Bell, J. Goetz, and T. Glade. "Assessing the quality of landslide susceptibility maps – case study Lower Austria." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2013): 1001–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1001-2013.

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Abstract. Landslide susceptibility maps are helpful tools to identify areas which might be prone to future landslide occurrence. As more and more national and provincial authorities demand for these maps to be computed and implemented in spatial planning strategies, the quality of the landslide susceptibility map and of the model applied to compute them is of high interest. In this study we focus on the analysis of the model performance by a repeated k-fold cross-validation with spatial and random subsampling. Furthermore, the focus is on the analysis of the implications of uncertainties expressed by confidence intervals of model predictions. The cross-validation performance assessments reflects the variability of performance estimates compared to single hold-out validation approaches that produce only a single estimate. The analysis of the confidence intervals shows that in 85% of the study area, the 95% confidence limits fall within the same susceptibility class. However, there are cases where confidence intervals overlap with all classes from the lowest to the highest class of susceptibility to landsliding. Locations whose confidence intervals intersect with more than one susceptibility class are of high interest because this uncertainty may affect spatial planning processes that are based on the susceptibility level.

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Untersweg, Thomas. "Pleistocene ice extent in the upper Ybbs valley in Lower Austria." Quaternary International 279-280 (November 2012): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.1747.

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Madersbacher, Stephan, Gerald Haidinger, and Gerhard Struhal. "Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms of Eldery Men in Austria." European Urology 39, no. 2 (2001): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000052429.

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Petschko, H., A. Brenning, R. Bell, J. Goetz, and T. Glade. "Assessing the quality of landslide susceptibility maps – case study Lower Austria." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 16, 2014): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-95-2014.

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Abstract. Landslide susceptibility maps are helpful tools to identify areas potentially prone to future landslide occurrence. As more and more national and provincial authorities demand for these maps to be computed and implemented in spatial planning strategies, several aspects of the quality of the landslide susceptibility model and the resulting classified map are of high interest. In this study of landslides in Lower Austria, we focus on the model form uncertainty to assess the quality of a flexible statistical modelling technique, the generalized additive model (GAM). The study area (15 850 km2) is divided into 16 modelling domains based on lithology classes. A model representing the entire study area is constructed by combining these models. The performances of the models are assessed using repeated k-fold cross-validation with spatial and random subsampling. This reflects the variability of performance estimates arising from sampling variation. Measures of spatial transferability and thematic consistency are applied to empirically assess model quality. We also analyse and visualize the implications of spatially varying prediction uncertainties regarding the susceptibility map classes by taking into account the confidence intervals of model predictions. The 95% confidence limits fall within the same susceptibility class in 85% of the study area. Overall, this study contributes to advancing open communication and assessment of model quality related to statistical landslide susceptibility models.

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Michniewicz, Aleksandra, Milena Różycka, and Piotr Migoń. "Granite tors of Waldviertel (Lower Austria) as sites of geotourist interest." Geotourism/Geoturystyka 40-41, no. 1 (2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geotour.2015.40-41.19.

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Caseau, Cornelia. "Ethno-Banking, Microfinance, and Societal Integration in Lower Austria and Vienna." Strategic Change 23, no. 7-8 (November 2014): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsc.1990.

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Uchman, Alfred, and Hans Georg Krenmayr. "Trace fossils from Lower Miocene (Ottnangian) molasse deposits of Upper Austria." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 69, no. 3-4 (September 1995): 503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987810.

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Ramirez Gaite, M., E. Gundendorfer-Mag. FH, and W. Hrubos. "Intensive Case Management (ICM) Project in Eastern Lower Austria: A Description." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.031.

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IntroductionOur ICM Project was implemented in 2012, with the primary objective of preventing hospitalizations and unburdening services. Here, we present a description.ObjectivesICM is a type of multi-professional assertive community treatment (ACT) and case management, although our concept has a stronger focus on social work than ACT and uses less resources. It aims at patient's stabilization at home, better life quality, less inpatient/residential treatments, and more access to crisis intervention.MethodsPresently we have 118 spots. Target groups are persons with severe psychiatric conditions at high risk for institutionalization or already institutionalized, including heavy users of mental health services. An initial eligibility assessment is required. At least 3 workers are providing a minimum of 2 h face-to-face contact per week per person. Care is offered predominantly at home environment and anchored in: careful distance-closeness ratio, structured and restructuring, autonomy enhancing, respectful, non-judgmental, confidential, regularity and commitment. Each treatment plan is individualized and based on two axes: intensive assistance and day-structure. It comprises comprehensive psychiatric treatment, counselling, assistance in everyday life, support groups, crisis management and interdisciplinary organizational meetings.ResultsThe program was evaluated in 2014 using the CANSAS and FLZ scales and its effectiveness was validated. Most significant improvements were found in day-structure, housing, social contacts and performance, nutrition, and psycho-education. Life satisfaction improvement was found mostly in areas of general health, performance, relaxation and autonomy.ConclusionsSince its implementation ICM has steadily expanded. Further research tools are currently being developed. Results will be presented in future publications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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