Academic literature on the topic 'Sleep apnea sindromi'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sleep apnea sindromi"

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Harahap, Herpan Syafii, Yanna Indrayana, and Rina Lestari. "Hubungan Tingkat Risiko Obstructive Sleep Apnea dan Sindroma Metabolik dengan Fungsi Kognitif Global." Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya 30, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb.2018.030.02.10.

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<p><br />Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko gangguan fungsi kognitif, dan gangguan fungsi kognitif tersebut juga terkait dengan komponen sindrom metabolik (hipertensi, diabetes melitus, obesitas sentral, dan dislipidemia). Penegakan diagnosis penyakit tersebut membutuhkan keahlian khusus, waktu pemeriksaan yang lama, dan mahal, oleh karena itu penapisan tingkat risiko OSA dengan instrumen sederhana sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi tingkat risiko OSA dan sindroma metabolik dengan fungsi kognitif global. Desain potong lintang dilakukan dengan melibatkan 89 subjek yang datang dalam acara Car Free Day dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat hipertensi, dislipidemia, diabetes melitus, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), obesitas sentral, tingkat risiko OSA, dan fungsi kognitif global. Tingkat risiko OSA dinilai dengan menggunakan instrumen STOP-BANG Questionnaire dan fungsi kognitif global menggunakan instrumen Clock Drawing Test (CDT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam hal frekuensi subjek dengan tingkat risiko tinggi OSA (p=0,042) dan subjek dengan diabetes melitus (p=0,04) antara kelompok subjek dengan status fungsi kognitif global normal dan menurun. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa hanya satu komponen sindroma metabolik, yaitu hipertensi yang berhubungan dengan tingkat risiko OSA (p&lt;0,001), sedangkan diabetes melitus, obesitas sentral dan dislipidemia tidak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat risiko OSA berhubungan dengan status fungsi kognitif global dan komponen sindroma metabolik yang berperan adalah diabetes melitus dan hipertensi.</p>
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Suryani, Dewi Kartika, Bambang Supriyatno, Mulya Rahma Karyanti, Zakiudin Munasir, Sudung O. Pardede, and Dina Muktiarti. "Faktor Risiko Obstructive Sleep Apnea pada Anak Sindrom Down​." Sari Pediatri 20, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp20.5.2019.295-302.

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Latar belakang. Sindrom Down merupakan kelainan kromosom tersering. Anak dengan sindrom Down (SD) di berbagai negara memiliki beberapa faktor risiko terhadap OSA dengan prevalensii antara 30%-60%, dibandingkan 0,7%-2% pada populasi umum. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai OSA pada anak sindrom Down di Indonesia. Tujuan. Mengidentifikasi prevalensi OSA pada anak sindrom Down dan menganalisis hubungan antara habitual snoring, obesitas, penyakit alergi di saluran napas, hipertrofi tonsil, dan hipertrofi adenoid sebagai faktor risiko OSA pada anak sindrom Down. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada anak sindrom Down berusia 3-18 tahun yang tergabung dalam Yayasan POTADS. Penelitian dilakukan di Poliklinik Respirologi IKA FKUI RSCM dari bulan Juli 2016 hingga Juli 2017. Penegakan diagnosis OSA menggunakan nilai batas AHI≥3 pada pemeriksaan poligrafi. Faktor- risiko yang dianggap berpengaruh dianalisis secara multivariat. Hasil. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 42 subjek dengan hasil prevalensi OSA pada anak dengan SD 61,9%. Sebesar 42,9% merupakan OSA derajat ringan, 14,3% OSA sedang, dan 4,8% OSA berat. Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan faktor risiko yang bermakna yaitu habitual snoring (p=0,022 dan PR 8,85; IK 1,37-57) dan hipertrofi adenoid (p=0,006 dan PR 12,93; IK 2,09-79). Kesimpulan. Prevalensi OSA pada anak sindrom Down sebesar 61,9%. Faktor risiko yang bermakna yaitu habitual snoring dan hipertrofi adenoid.
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Ionescu, Maria-Irina, Crina Julieta Sinescu, Ştefan Dumitrache-Rujinski, and Bogdan Miron Alexandru. "Improving quality of life in patients with sleep apnea and stroke." Romanian Medical Journal 63, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2016.2.11.

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Introduction. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is the most frequent pathology among respiratory disorders during sleep and determines multiple sleep fragmentations causing excessive daytime sleepiness. The stroke represents an important death cause worldwide and the most frequent cause of disability on long term. This study shows the improvement of the quality of life in patients with sleep apnea syndrome and stroke, who follow the continous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, in comparison with those who refused this therapy. Material and method. I conducted a study on 262 patients between 18 and 83 years old, admitted in the „Bagdasar Arseni” Clinical Emergency Hospital and the „Marius Nasta” Pneumology Institute between 01.01.2014 – 25.05.2015 and diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, with or without CPAP treatment, 12 of these patients having a stroke in their medical history. Results. All of the patients with history of stroke, regardless of the CPAP therapy use, were asked to complete the quality of life questionnaire SF-36. In the group of patients who were following the CPAP treatment it was registered an improvement on the quality of life. Conclusions. Present data show that OSAS can be a predisposing risk factor for stroke. At the moment there aren’t any guidelines to state if patients with stroke should be commonly investigated for sleep apnea syndrome.
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Passali, D., G. Corallo, A. Petti, M. Longini, F. M. Passali, G. Buonocore, and L. M. Bellussi. "A comparative study on oxidative stress role in nasal breathing impairment and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 36, no. 6 (December 2016): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1361.

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La sindrome delle apnee ostruttive del sonno (OSAS) è una malattia che può portare ad alterazioni metaboliche e a un’aumentata incidenza di patologie cardiovascolari. Questo studio ha lo scopo di definire l’espressione e il significato clinico di biomarkers coinvolti nello stress ossidativo nei pazienti con diagnosi di OSAS. I risultati degli esami di laboratorio dello stress ossidativo sono stati confrontai prospetticamente in tre gruppi di soggetti: 10 con sindrome delle apnee ostruttiva del sonno con Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) > 30; 10 con roncopatia notturna e AHI < 15 e 10 con insufficienza respiratoria nasale e AHI < 5. I pazienti sono stati sottoposti a test cutanei per aero-allergeni comuni, rinoscopia anteriore, rinomanometria anteriore attiva, fibrolaringoscopia e polisonnografia. Per la ricerca dei biomarkers dello stress ossidativo sono stati effettuati test diagnostici in campioni di sangue e urine. I gruppi sono risultati omogenei per età, sesso e distribuzione del Body Mass Index (BMI) (p > 0.05). Ci sono state differenze significative nell’AHI tra i tre gruppi di pazienti (p < 0.05). Nessuna significatività statistica è stata identificata (p > 0.05) tra i livelli di biomarkers di stress ossidativo nelle tre popolazioni studiate. I risultati del nostro studio hanno mostrato che il naso può svolgere un ruolo nella patogenesi dell’ OSAS, attraverso la produzione di biomarkers di stress ossidativo.
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Diaconu, Camelia, Giorgiana Dediu, Mădălina Ilie, and Mihaela Adela Iancu. "Resistant arterial hypertension and sleep apnea syndrome." Romanian Medical Journal 62, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2015.4.10.

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Arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with increasing incidence and prevalence. Diagnosis of resistant hypertension may be established when the values of blood pressure are ≥ 140/90 mmHg, despite lifestyle changes and treatment with three antihypertensive drugs from different therapeutic classes, one being a diuretic. One common comorbidity in patients with resistant hypertension is obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity, defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, is a common risk factor linking the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with resistant hypertension. The diagnosis of OSAS in patients with resistant hypertension is made by polysomnography. For the confirmation of diagnosis of resistant hypertension it is necessary the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, which allows the exclusion of false cases of resistant hypertension, white coat or masked hypertension. Treatment of OSAS with CPAP (continuos positive airway pressure) offers improvement of blood pressure values and better control of resistant hypertension, reducing the cardiovascular risk.
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DIACONU, Camelia C. "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: is it different in women?" Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2016.3.4.

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Traditionally, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was regarded by the medical community as a men’s disease. Current data shows indeed that the prevalence of OSAS is higher among men than women. However, in postmenopausal women the prevalence of OSAS is high. Differences between men and women in the prevalence of OSAS drop as age increases, mainly as a result of a marked increase in the prevalence and severity of respiratory sleep disorders in women after menopause. There are some differences regarding the clinical manifestations of OSAS in women and men. Also, it seems that women with moderate OSAS are more susceptible to cardiovascular consequences of OSAS compared with men, having a higher degree of endothelial dysfunction. Gender differences in the response to different therapeutic strategies for OSAS are still not known with certainty.
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Pertiwi, Aniesa Nur Laily, Nada Rajbiana, and Rida Hayati. "OROPHARINGEAL EXERCISE UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI JALAN NAFAS AKIBAT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROM PADA KONDISI STROKE." FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences 1, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/fisiomu.v1i1.9395.

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ABSTRAKObstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya stroke berulang hingga kematian. OSAS adalah sindrom obstruksi total atau parsial jalan napas yang menyebabkan gangguan nafas saat tidur. Peningkatan derajat OSAS berhubungan dengan peningkatan kematian. Oleh karena itu OSAS harus diberikan pengananan yang tepat. Penelitian menunjukkan Oropharingeal Exercise dipercaya dapat memperbaiki jalan nafas akibat OSAS pada kondisi stroke. Orofarigeal Exercise merupakan metode alternatif pada pasien stroke yang menderita OSAS dengan melakukan latihan isotonic dan isometric saluran nafas bagian atas untuk meningkatkan mobilitas dan tonisitas otot-otot pernafasan bagian atas sehingga membuka jalan nafas dan meningkatkan fungsi serta kinerja saluran pernapasan. Oleh karena itu Oropharingeal Exercise dapat digunakan sebagai terapi alternatif untuk memperbaiki jalan nafas akibat OSAS pada kondisi stroke.Keywords : Obstructve Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Stroke, Oropharingeal Exercise
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Supriyatno, Bambang, and Rusmala Deviani. "Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome pada Anak." Sari Pediatri 7, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp7.2.2005.77-84.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) adalah suatu sindrom obstruksi total atauparsial jalan nafas yang menyebabkan gangguan fisiologis yang bermakna dengan dampakklinis yang bervariasi. Prevalensi OSAS adalah 0,7 – 10,3%. Beberapa keadaan dapatmerupakan faktor risiko OSAS seperti hipertofi adenoid dan atau tonsil, obesitas,disproporsi sefalometri, kelainan daerah hidung. OSAS pada anak berbeda dengan dewasabaik faktor risiko maupun tata laksananya. Manifestasi klinis OSAS pada anak adalahkesulitan bernafas pada saat tidur, mendengkur, hiperaktif, mengantuk pada siang hari,dan kadang-kadang enuresis. Diagnosis OSAS secara definitif menggunakanpolisomnografi yaitu adanya indeks apnea atau hipopnea lebih dari 5. Sebagai alternatifdiagnosis adalah menggunakan kuesioner Brouillette dkk, observasi dengan video, ataumenggunakan pulse oksimetri. Tata laksana OSAS pada anak adalah pengangkatanadenoid (adenoidektomi dan/atau tonsilektomi). Angka keberhasilannya cukup tinggiyaitu sekitar 75%. Selain itu diet untuk penurunan berat badan pada obesitas, sertapengunaan CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure). Komplikasi yang dapat terjadiadalah gangguan tingkah laku, kelainan kardiovaskular, dan gagal tumbuh.
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DE CORSO, E., G. BASTANZA, G. DELLA MARCA, C. GRIPPAUDO, G. RIZZOTTO, M. R. MARCHESE, A. FIORITA, et al. "Ruolo della sleep endoscopy nella selezione dei pazienti affetti da sindrome delle apnee ostruttive durante il sonno di grado lieve moderato candidati a terapia ortodontica con dispositivo di avanzamento mandibolare." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 35, no. 6 (December 2015): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-959.

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Il trattamento con dispositivi di avanzamento mandibolare (MAD) rappresenta un’efficace alternativa terapeutica per i pazienti affetti da roncopatia semplice, OSAS di grado lieve/moderato e in casi selezionati di OSAS grave con scarsa tollerabilità alla terapia ventilatoria con C-PAP. Pertanto è importante identificare dei criteri oggettivi per selezionare i pazienti che possono beneficiare del trattamento con i sistemi di avanzamento mandibolare (MAD). In letteratura sono stati descritti vari fattori predittivi sia antropometrici che polisonnografici, mentre esistono ancora controversie circa il ruolo della Sleep Endoscopy e della manovra di avanzamento mandibolare bimanuale durante lo stesso esame come fattori predittivi del successo terapeutico con MAD. In questo studio descriviamo la nostra esperienza nel management di pazienti affetti da OSAS lieve/moderata trattati con MAD e selezionati mediante “sleep endoscopy”. Abbiamo eseguito una valutazione prospettica longitudinale di una serie consecutiva di pazienti giunti alla nostra osservazione con diagnosi di OSAS lieve/moderata e sottoposti a sleependoscopy. Durante il sonno indotto farmacologicamente è stata eseguita una delicata manovra di avanzamento mandibolare con escursione inferiore ai 5 mm e abbiamo riscontrato che in 30 dei 65 pazienti (46,2%) lo spazio respiratorio non migliorava in modo significativo a livello dei siti di ostruzione osservati, mentre in 35 dei 65 pazienti (53,8%) si osservava un miglioramento significativo tale da poter indicare terapia con MAD. In 7 dei 35 pazienti venivano riscontrate condizioni che ostacolavano l’applicazione del MAD per cui 28 dei 35 pazienti sono stati sottoposti a terapia con MAD. Dopo 3 mesi di trattamento abbiamo documentato un miglioramento significativo dell’indice di Epworth medio [(7,35 ± 2,8 vs 4,1 ± 2,2 (p < 0.05)], dell’AHI medio [(21.4 ± 6 eventi per ora verso 8,85 ± 6,9 (p < 0.05) ] e dell’ODI medio [(18.6 ± 8 eventi per ora versus 7 ± 5.8 (p < 0.05)]. Abbiamo inoltre osservato che l’AHI migliorava di almeno il 50% rispetto al basale nel 71.4% dei pazienti selezionati mediante sleep endoscopy. In questo studio, la terapia con i dispositivi di avanzamento mandibolare è stata prescritta con successo sulla base non soltanto dell’indice di apnea/ipopnea, ma anche dei reperti della sleep endoscopy e della manovra di avanzamento mandibolare, ottenendo una visione diretta degli effetti della protrusione mandibolare sullo spazio respiratorio in corrispondenza dei siti di ostruzione, e ottenendo una buona ottimizzazione della selezione dei pazienti per il trattamento con MAD.
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Lammers, Roberta Andréia, Letícia Stefenon, and Paula Wietholter. "Aspectos gerais e bucais da Síndrome de Marfan." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, no. 5 (October 22, 2020): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i5.4672.

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Introdução: A Síndrome de Marfan é uma desordem genética que afeta o tecido conectivo. No contexto da Odontologia, poucos profissionais da área conhecem os sintomas da síndrome, bem como os cuidados necessários no atendimento ao paciente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as características anatômicas gerais e bucais de pessoas com Síndrome de Marfan. Material e método: Foram realizadas pesquisas nas bases de dados EBSCO, Bireme e Pubmed entre os anos de 2017 e 2018, sendo utilizados os seguintes descritores: Síndrome de Marfan AND Odontologia AND Manifestações bucais. Resultados: Foram localizados 13 artigos na base de dados BIREME, 23 no PubMed e cinco no EBSCO, totalizando 41 artigos. Desses, 10 foram selecionados para a realização desta pesquisa. As principais alterações gerais descritas na literatura incluem membros superiores e inferiores longos, pé chato, corpo fino com o segmento inferior maior que o segmento superior, aracnodactilia, peito plano com costelas proeminentes e escoliose, pectus carinatum, pectus excavatum, cifose, hiperextensibilidade, dolicostenomelia, alterações oculares e problemas cardíacos. As principais alterações bucais descritas incluem hipoplasia maxilar, retrognatia mandibular, macrostomia, dentição altamente apinhada com mordidas cruzadas anteriores e posteriores, palato de arco alto e relação molar classe II de Angle em ambos os lados e apresentam maior índice de doenças periodontais do que pacientes normais. Conclusões: Os principais cuidados que devem ser observados durante o tratamento odontológico relacionam-se a anamnese e ao exame clínico. O melhor entendimento dessa patologia poderá orientar decisões terapêuticas para prevenção e correção das desordens mencionadas neste trabalho. Descritores: Síndrome de Marfan; Odontologia; Manifestações Bucais. Referências Muñoz Sandoval J, Saldarriaga-Gil W, Isaza de Lourido C. Síndrome de Marfan, mutaciones nuevas y modificadoras del gen FBN1. 2014;27(2):206-15. García JLG, Cedeño LM, Medina JAG. Síndrome de Marfan. Medisan. 2007;11(4):1-5. Pfeiffer MET. Síndrome de Marfan em crianças e adolescentes: importância, critérios e limites para o exercício físico. Rev DERC. 2011;17(3):82-6. Lebreiro A, Martins E, Cruz C, Almeida J, Maciel MJ, Cardoso JC, et al. Síndrome de Marfan: manifestações clínicas, fisiopatologia e novas perspectivas da terapêutica farmacológica. Rev Port Cardiol. 2010; 29(6):1021-36. Velásquez C. Manejo odontológico integral en centro quirúrgico de un paciente con Sindrome de Marfan. Odontol Pediatr (Lima). 2015;14(1):80-5. Tsang AK, Taverne A, Holcombe T. Marfan syndrome: a review of the literature and case report. Spec Care Dentist. 2013;33(5):248-54. Bilodeau JE. Retreatment of a patient with Marfan syndrome and severe root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137(1):123-34. Baraldi CEE, Paris MF, Robinson WM. A síndrome de Marfan e seus aspectos odontológicos: relato de caso e revisão da literatura. Rev Fac Odontol Porto Alegre. 2008;49(3):36-9. Sinha A, Kaur S, Raheel SA, Kaur K, Alshehri M, Kujan O. Oral manifestations of a rare variant of Marfan syndrome. Clin Case Rep. 2017;5(9):1429-34. Anuthama K, Prasad H, Ramani P, Premkumar P, Natesan A, Sherlin HJ. Genetic alterations in syndromes with oral manifestations. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013;10(6):713-22. Jain E, Pandrey RK. Marfan Syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;25(16):16-22. Staufenbiel I, Hauschild C, Kahl-Nieke B, Vahle-Hinz E, von Kodolitsch Y, Berner M, et al. Periodontal Conditions in patients with Marfan Syndrome: a multienter case conrol study. BMC Oral Health. 2013;13:59. Mallineni SK, Jayaraman J, Yiu CK, King NM. Concomitant occurrence of hypohyperdontia in a patient with Marfan syndrome: a review of the literature and report of a case. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012;3(4):253-57. Gott VL. Antoine Marfan and his syndrome: one hundred years later. Md Med J. 1998;47(5):247-52. Alves IC, Navarro F. Exercício fisico e sindrome de Marfan. Rev Bras Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício. 2008;2(8):149-57. Sivasankari T, Mathew P, Austin RD, Devi S. Marfan Syndrome. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2017;9(1):73-7. Sabbatini IF. Avaliação dos components anatômicos do sistema estomatognático de crianças com bruxismo, por meio de imagens obtidas por tomografia computadorizada cone beam [dissertação de Mestrado]. Ribeirão Preto: Universidade do Estado de São Paulo; 2012. Cistulli PA, Richards GN, Palmisano RG, Unger G, Berthon-Jones M, Sullivan CE. Influence of maxillary constriction on nasal resistance and sleep apnea severity in patients with Marfan's syndrome. Chest. 1996;110(5):1184-8.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sleep apnea sindromi"

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Mirjana, Jovančević Drvenica. "Validacija standardizovanih upitnika za procenu sindroma poremećaja disanja tokom spavanja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=97036&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Poremećaji disanja tokom spavanja (Sleep disordered breathing – SDB) obuhvataju spektar bolesti koje nastaju usled povećanog otpora u gornjem disajnom putu i reflektuje se na spavanje. Najveća podgrupa SDB su prekidi disanja tokom spavanja ili sleep apnea sindrom (Sleep Apnea Syndrome – SAS). SDB su prisutni kod 20% opšte populacije, dok je 82% muškaraca i 93% žena koje imaju umerenu i tešku OSA nedijagnostikovano. Kako osnovna dijagnostička metoda, polisomnografija, zahteva stručan kadar i adekvatnu laboratorijsku opermu nameće se potreba za brzom, efikasnom i jeftinom skrining metodom pri dijagnostici SAS. Cilj ove studije jeste da se uradi validacija i prevođenje “STOP BANG“ upitnika sa engleskog na srpski jezik i utvrdi njegova specifičnost i senzitivnost u odnosu na vrednosti AHI indeksa kod odraslih ispitanika pri dijagnostikovanju SAS i da se utvrdi senzitivnost i specifičnost “STOP BANG“ upitnika i Epfortove skale pospanosti zajedno. Istraživanje je u potpunosti sprovedeno u Centru za patofiziologiju disanja sa medicinom sna Instituta za plućne bolesti Vojvodine, Sremska Kamenica. Studijsku grupa se sastojala od 102 ispitanika koji su popunjavali oba upitnika, a potom je svima urađena polisomnografija. Testiranje „STOP BANG“ upitnikom, kao i retest nakon mesec dana uradilo 30 ispitanika. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su u uzorku dominirale osobe muškog pola 69,6%. Prosečna starost je iznosila 50,1±13,8 godina. Najveći broj ispitanika je imao poremećaj disanja tokom spavanja (73,5%). Prema stepenu težine najveći broj ispitanika (30,4%) je bolovao od teškog oblika (apnea/hipopnea indeks- AHI>30), a prema tipu poremećaja dominirali su opstruktivni poremećaji sa 66,7% u ukupnom uzorku. Prekomerna dnevna pospanost, merena Epfortovom skalom pospanosti, bila je prisutna kod 58,8% ispitanika i korelirala je sa stepenom težine poremećaja (r=0,43). Dobijena senzitivnost i specifičnost za „STOP BANG“ upitnik je iznosila 62,7% i 51,9% respektivno. „STOP BANG“ upitnik je preveden na srpski jezik, a zatim je urađen test i retest upitika gde nije bilo razlike u odgovorima. Dobijena je granična vrednost za „STOP BANG“ upitnik koja iznosi 4.5, a senzitivnost i specifičnost testa za različit stepen težine SAS je zadovoljavajuća i iznosila je 70,7%/66,7% za laku, 78,6% /60,9% za umerenu i 87,4%/ 50,7% za tešku sleep apneu. Pri poređenju oba upitnika zajedno dobijena je bolja specifičnost 85,2%, 76,1%, 69,0% ali lošija senzitivnost 53,3%, 58,9% ,71,0% za laku , umerenu i tešku sleep apneu respektivno u grupi ispitanika koji su imali vrednosti oba upitnika iznad graničnih vrednosti. U grupi ispitanika gde je jedan od upitnika imao vrednosti iznad granične vrednosti dobijena je bolja senzitivnost ali lošija specifičnost u odnosu na samo „STOP BANG“ upitnik. Istraživanjem je utvrđen skrining metod -“STOP BANG“ upitnik, koji stratifikuje pacijente na osnovu kliničkih simptoma, fizičkog pregleda i prisustva faktora rizika, na one pacijente sa visokim rizikom kojima treba hitno uraditi polisomnografiju i uputiti ih dalje na lečenje i na one kojima polisomnografija nije potrebna.
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) includes a spectrum of diseases occurring due to an increased resistance in the upper airway, which affects sleeping. The major SDB subgroup is sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). SDB is present in 20% of the general population, and among the subjects with a moderate or severe SAS, 82% of males and 93% of females remain undiagnosed. Since polysomnography - the basic diagnostic method, requires a well-trained staff and adequate laboratory equipment, the need for a fast, efficient and cheap screening method in the diagnosis of SAS has breen imposed. Objectives of the study are to evaluate and translate the “STOP BANG“ questionnaire from English to Serbian, establish its specificity and sensitivity in relation to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) values while diagnosing SAS in adults, and to assess the cumulative sensitivity and specificity of the “STOP BANG“ questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The investigation has been entirely carried out in the Lung Function and Sleep Medicine Centre of the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica. The study cohort included 102 subjects who were all, having answered both questionnaires first, submitted to polysomnography. Thirty subjects were tested by the „STOP BANG“ questionnaire, and retested a month later. Results of the investigation show the male sex predominated in the study sample (69.6%). The subjects' mean age was 50.1±13.8 years. Most subjects had SDB (73.5%). The majority of ther subjects (30.4%) had a serious SDB form (AHI>30). Obstuctive disorders prevailed, registered in 66.7% of the study population. Excessive daily sleepiness, measured by the Epworth sleepiness scale, was registered in 58.8% of the examined subjects, correlating well to the disorder severity level (r=0.43). Sensitivity and specificity obtained for the „STOP BANG“ questionnaire amounted to 62.7% and 51.9% respectively. The „STOP BANG“ questionnaire was translated to Serbian first, followed by testing an retesting using the questionairre, providing no differences in the obtained answeres. The obtained cut-off value for the „STOP BANG“ questionnaire was 4.5, and the test sensitivity and apecificity for different SAS severity levels were satisfactory, amounting to 70.7%/66.7% for mild, 78.6% /60,9% for moderate, and 87.4%/50.7% for severe sleep apnea. The cumulative comparation of the two questionnaires has disclosed a better specificity of 85.2%, 76.1%, and 69.0%, but a worse sensitivity of 53.3%, 58.9%, and 71.0% for a mild, moderate and severe sleep apnea respectively in the group of subjects whose values for both questionnaires exceeded the cutoffs. In the group of subjects with one of the questionnaire values exceeding the cutoffs, a better sensitivity but a worse specificity were obtained related to only the „STOP BANG“ questionnaire. The investigation has established the screening method – the “STOP BANG“ questionnaire which (on the basis of the clinical symptoms, physical examination and present risk factors) stratifies the patients into the high risk group requiring urgent polysomnography and referral for further treatment, and to those requiring no polysomnography.
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Maschtakow, Patrícia Superbi Lemos [UNESP]. "Estudo comparativo em radiografias cefalométricas laterais das alterações craniofaciais em indivíduos portadores de síndrome de Down e em portadores da síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98012.

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A síndrome da apnéia e hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) caracteriza-se pela obstrução completa ou parcial das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono sendo comum em indivíduos portadores de Síndrome de Down (SD). O objetivo neste estudo é comparar, por meio da análise em radiografias cefalométricas, em norma lateral, características anatômicas craniofaciais associadas às vias aéreas superiores entre indivíduos portadores de SD, indivíduos portadores de SAHOS e indivíduos não sindrômicos e sem alterações craniofaciais. Além disso, verificar a existência de dimorfismo sexual em relação a essas características nos grupos estudados. Foram realizadas análises computadorizadas em 43 radiografias cefalométricas laterais de indivíduos portadores de SD com idades entre 18 e 34 anos, 26 de indivíduos portadores da SAHOS com idades entre 20 e 70 anos e 29 radiografias cefalométricas de indivíduos não portadores de SD e sem características clínicas de SAHOS com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Foram avaliadas 14 medidas lineares por meio do software Radiocef Studio 2. Os dados obtidos foram comparados e submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste post-hoc de Tukey. Concluimos que existem alterações craniofaciais significantes entre indivíduos portadores de SAHOS e indivíduos não sindrômicos tais como: menor comprimento maxilar e mandibular, naso, oro e hipofaringe com dimensões reduzidas, maior comprimento do palato mole, espaço retropalatal estreitado e osso hióide posicionado mais inferior e anteriormentemente. Dentre as alterações relacionadas à SAHOS, foram encontrados nos indivíduos portadores de SD, menor comprimento da base do crânio, menor comprimento maxilar e mandibular, naso e hipofaringe reduzidas, palato mole aumentado, espaço retropalatal reduzido e osso hióide posicionado mais inferior e anteriormentemente...
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, being common in individuals with Down syndrome. The aim of this study is to compare, through analysis of cephalometric radiographs in lateral norm, craniofacial morphology associated with upper airway between individuals with Down syndrome, individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and non syndromic individuals. Moreover, verify if there is sexual dimorphism in relation to changes in these groups. Computer analysis were performed in 43 lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals with Down syndrome aged between 18 and 34 years, 26 patients of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with ages between 20 and 70 years and 29 cephalometric radiographs of non syndromic individuals aged 18 and 35 years old. The analyses were performed using the software Radiocef Studio 2. The data were compared and submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc test of Tukey. It was concluded that there are significant craniofacial changes between individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the lower maxillar and mandibular length, naso, oro and hypopharynx with reduced dimensions, increased length of the soft palate, post-palatal region closer, inferiorly and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone. Among the changes related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, that were found in individuals with Down syndrome, the lower length of the base of the skull, lower jaw and mandibular length, reduced nasal and hypo pharynx, longer soft palate, post-palatal region reduced and inferiorly and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone. There is also sexual dimorphism in some factors analyzed: larger anterior skull base, greater length of the maxilla and mandible were found in males in all groups.
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3

Gasa, Galmés Mercè. "Impacte de la Sindrome d'Apnea-hipoapnea Obstructiva del Son en l'obesitat greu / Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Severe Obesity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/121243.

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El pacient obès mòrbid candidat a cirurgia bariàtrica (CB) és un model ideal extrem que permet estudiar la Síndrome d’apnea-hipoapnea obstructiva del Son (SAOS) i les seves conseqüències cardio-metabòliques, associades o no a la pròpia obesitat. Resulta també interessant investigar si existeix alguna manera d’optimitzar la detecció dels pacients que pateixen una SAOS greu abans de la cirurgia per agilitzar el seu maneig respiratori peri-operatori. I també falta per conèixer l’efecte de la CB sobre la resolució de la SAOS. PRIMER TREBALL: Hipòtesis: La presencia d’una SAOS se associa a un pitjor perfil metabòlic en els pacients amb obesitat mòrbida. Metodologia: Estudi prospectiu transversal de cohorts en 159 pacients inclosos de manera consecutiva en el programa de CB. La SAOS es defineix amb un índex d’apnea-hipoapnea (IAH) >=15 events/hora mitjançant una polisomnografia intrahospitalària (PSG). Les determinacions analítiques, antropomètriques i pressió arterial es van recollir el matí següent a la PSG. La síndrome metabòlica (MetS) es defineix en base als criteris modificats de la National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Resultats: La SAOS es molt prevalent: 98% (IAH ≥5 events/h). Els pacients amb SAOS presenten més MetS que els pacients sense SAOS (70% vs 36%, p 0.001). A mesura que augmenta la gravetat de la SAOS, el perfil metabòlic progressivament empitjora. L’IAH se associa amb la majoria de components metabòlics independentment. La presencia de SAOS quasi triplica l’odds ratio de presentar MetS (2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.2; p0.009) després d’ajustar per edat, sexe i IMC. SEGON TREBALL: Hipòtesis: En pacients candidats a CB es pot construir un model predictiu per detectar una SAOS greu basant-se en variables clíniques senzilles evitant la necessitat de realitzar un estudi reglat de son. Metodologia: igual que el primer treball. Variable dependent: SAOS greu definit com un IAH >= 30 events/hora mitjançant PSG. Variables independents potencialment predictives: antropomètriques i clíniques en el primer model i afegint dades de la pulsi-oximetria (índex de dessaturació d’oxigen >=3%, ODI3%) en el segon model. Resultats: La aplicació del model descarta el 45% dels pacients de forma ràpida i segura: el 15% amb paràmetres clínics (edat, diàmetre cintura, pressió arterial sistòlica e apnees nocturnes objectivades) i el 30% restant afegint l’ODI3%. Els valors predictius del model son: Se 91%, Sp 90%, VPP 92%, VPN 89% i precisió global 0.90 (95% CI 0.84 - 0.94). TERCER TREBALL Hipòtesis: En pacients amb obesitat mòrbida i SAOS, la pèrdua de pes post-quirúrgica no sempre determina la curació de la SAOS. Metodologia: Estudi de dades aparejades intra-subjecte: avaluar la presencia/gravetat de la SAOS pre i post-CB. Els pacients amb un IAH preCB >15 events/hora van ser revaluats 1 any post-CB (n=59). Resolució de la SAOS si IAH postCB <5events/hora i milloria si (IAH preCB – IAH postCB)/IAH preCB >= 0.5. Resultats: La pèrdua ponderal un any post-CB es relaciona amb una milloria significativa de la SAOS en la gran majoria dels pacients (88% presenten un IAH postCB <30); no obstant, la presencia d’una SAOS moderada (IAH postCB 30-15) persisteix en un 27% i la resolució completa només en un 19% (IAH postCB <5). Una reducció significativa de l’IMC postCB no reflecteix necessàriament una reducció significativa de l’IAH postCB en tots els casos. CONCLUSIONS La SAOS s’associa amb un pitjor perfil metabòlic en el pacient obès mòrbid candidat a CB independentment de l’edat, el sexe i l’adipositat central. El modelo de predicció proposat podria ser una eina inicial molt útil per detectar precoçment la SAOS greu en programes multidisciplinaris de CB. La pèrdua ponderal post-CB a l’any de seguiment suposa una milloria significativa de la gravetat de la SAOS en la majoria dels pacients. Però més de una tercera part continuen presentant una SAOS residual de caràcter lleu-moderada malgrat haver assolit la pèrdua ponderal optima. .
Morbidly obese (MO) patients submitted to bariatric surgery (BS) can be an ideally extreme model to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its cardio-metabolically consequences related or not to severe obesity. A systematic OSA screening before BS should be an optimal recommendation; however there is still no reliable way to detect this condition without an objective sleep study. It is also becoming a major healthcare challenge to better understand the specific BS outcomes on OSA severity after one-year follow-up. This thesis consists of 3 related works. The first 2 works were derived from a prospective multicentre cross-sectional study in 159 consecutive subjects before BS. OSA was defined as an apnoea/hypopnoea index(AHI) ≥15 events/hour by an overnight polysomnography. Anthropometrical, blood pressure and fasting blood measurements were obtained the morning after. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III modified criteria. The first work analyzed the association between OSA and MetS regardless of severe obesity. The second work attempted to find a simple predictive model to detect those patients suffering from severe OSA before BS using clinical parameters and pulse oximeter data. The last work was obtained from a previous retrospective sleep database where 61 patients with OSA diagnosis done before BS were revaluated one year after surgery. The overall main results were the following: OSA was associated with a more severe metabolic profile in MO patients, independent of age, sex, and central adiposity and smoking. The proposed two-step predictive model based on clinical parameters +/- pulse oximeter data could be a useful first screening tool to detect those patients suffering from severe OSA before BS avoiding more complex sleep studies and optimizing sleep unit resources. Bariatric weight loss resulted in significant OSA improvement after medium-term follow-up in most patients, but some of them persisted having residual OSA although they achieved optimal weight loss.
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Erazo, Gajardo Lili Valentina. "Design and implementation of an algorithm for the screening of obstructive sleep apnea in childrean under 15 years old." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115971.

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Los Trastornos Respiratorios del Sueño (TRS) son un grupo de enfermedades que afectan la funci ón respiratoria durante la noche, desde el ronquido primario a la apnea del sueño -la más grave de ellas-. Los niños que padecen apnea del sueño pueden desarrollar desde trastornos de crecimiento hasta de ficiencias cognitivas de largo plazo. Sin embargo, una vez que han sido diagnosticados, el tratamiento es efectivo en la mayor ía de los casos, mejorando su calidad de vida y evitando consecuencias en su desarrollo cognitivo. El gold-standard (mejor prueba cl í nica) para el diagn óstico de TRS es la polisomnografí a, que consiste en la recolecci ón de señales biom édicas durante el sueño. El problema es que este examen es invasivo, costoso y difí cil de practicar en niños pequeños. Por lo tanto existe la necesidad de una forma de prediagnosticar TRS, específi camente apnea para aumentar el n úmero de niños diagnosticados, y, como resultado, el n úmero de niños tratados. Para esto, el objetivo general planteado es prediagnosticar apnea obstructiva del sueño a partir de señales recogidas por polisomnografí a en niños menores de 15 años usando t écnicas de minerí a de datos. El resultado esperado de este trabajo es un algoritmo capaz de clasi ficar infantes, usando menos informaci ón que la polisomnografí a, en dos grupos: poblaci ón en riesgo de padecer apnea y poblaci ón fuera de riesgo (o muy bajo riesgo). El trabajo est á dividido en dos etapas, la primera de ellas son modelos basados en una señal, la segunda consta de modelos basados en m ás de una señal. Los resultados de la primera etapa muestran modelos de buena calidad aunque s ólo est án basados en una señal; algunos con sensibilidad y especi ficidad por sobre el 85% y podrí an sentar las bases de un modelo v álido de prediagn óstico. En la segunda etapa se identi ficaron, mediante t écnicas de reducci ón de informaci ón, las señales que tienen mayor poder predictivo para realizar el prediagn óstico, los modelos basados en estas señales alcanzaron hasta el 100% de precisi ón.
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5

Maschtakow, Patrícia Superbi Lemos. "Estudo comparativo em radiografias cefalométricas laterais das alterações craniofaciais em indivíduos portadores de síndrome de Down e em portadores da síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono /." São José dos Campos : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98012.

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Resumo: A síndrome da apnéia e hipopnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) caracteriza-se pela obstrução completa ou parcial das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono sendo comum em indivíduos portadores de Síndrome de Down (SD). O objetivo neste estudo é comparar, por meio da análise em radiografias cefalométricas, em norma lateral, características anatômicas craniofaciais associadas às vias aéreas superiores entre indivíduos portadores de SD, indivíduos portadores de SAHOS e indivíduos não sindrômicos e sem alterações craniofaciais. Além disso, verificar a existência de dimorfismo sexual em relação a essas características nos grupos estudados. Foram realizadas análises computadorizadas em 43 radiografias cefalométricas laterais de indivíduos portadores de SD com idades entre 18 e 34 anos, 26 de indivíduos portadores da SAHOS com idades entre 20 e 70 anos e 29 radiografias cefalométricas de indivíduos não portadores de SD e sem características clínicas de SAHOS com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. Foram avaliadas 14 medidas lineares por meio do software Radiocef Studio 2. Os dados obtidos foram comparados e submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste post-hoc de Tukey. Concluimos que existem alterações craniofaciais significantes entre indivíduos portadores de SAHOS e indivíduos não sindrômicos tais como: menor comprimento maxilar e mandibular, naso, oro e hipofaringe com dimensões reduzidas, maior comprimento do palato mole, espaço retropalatal estreitado e osso hióide posicionado mais inferior e anteriormentemente. Dentre as alterações relacionadas à SAHOS, foram encontrados nos indivíduos portadores de SD, menor comprimento da base do crânio, menor comprimento maxilar e mandibular, naso e hipofaringe reduzidas, palato mole aumentado, espaço retropalatal reduzido e osso hióide posicionado mais inferior e anteriormentemente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, being common in individuals with Down syndrome. The aim of this study is to compare, through analysis of cephalometric radiographs in lateral norm, craniofacial morphology associated with upper airway between individuals with Down syndrome, individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and non syndromic individuals. Moreover, verify if there is sexual dimorphism in relation to changes in these groups. Computer analysis were performed in 43 lateral cephalometric radiographs of individuals with Down syndrome aged between 18 and 34 years, 26 patients of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with ages between 20 and 70 years and 29 cephalometric radiographs of non syndromic individuals aged 18 and 35 years old. The analyses were performed using the software Radiocef Studio 2. The data were compared and submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc test of Tukey. It was concluded that there are significant craniofacial changes between individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the lower maxillar and mandibular length, naso, oro and hypopharynx with reduced dimensions, increased length of the soft palate, post-palatal region closer, inferiorly and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone. Among the changes related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, that were found in individuals with Down syndrome, the lower length of the base of the skull, lower jaw and mandibular length, reduced nasal and hypo pharynx, longer soft palate, post-palatal region reduced and inferiorly and anteriorly positioned hyoid bone. There is also sexual dimorphism in some factors analyzed: larger anterior skull base, greater length of the maxilla and mandible were found in males in all groups.
Orientador: Luiz Cesar de Moraes
Coorientador: João Carlos da Rocha
Banca: Jefferson Luis Oshiro Tanaka
Banca: Edmundo Medici Filho
Mestre
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Balsevičius, Tomas. "Radiodažnuminės termoabliacijos veiksmingumas gydant knarkiančiuosius ir sergančius lengvu ir vidutinio sunkumo obstrukcinės miego apnėjos hipopnėjos sindromu." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100401_082929-34466.

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Tyrimo metu apibendrinti ir išanalizuoti 74 knarkiančiųjų bei lengvu ir vidutinio sunkumo obstrukcinės miego apnėjos hipopnėjos sindromu (OMAHS) sergančių pacientų klinikiniai duomenys, ir įvertinta 38 jų miego partnerių emocinė būklė prieš pacientų gydymą ir praėjus 2–4 mėn. po pacientams taikyto knarkimo ir OMAHS gydymo – radiodažnuminės termoabliacijos (RDTA). Šio darbo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti ir palyginti knarkiančiųjų bei sergančių lengvu ir vidutinio sunkumo OMAHS pacientų viršutinių kvėpavimo takų anatomines ir funkcines savybes, apnėjų hipopnėjų indeksą, nusiskundimus sveikata ir emocinę būklę. 2. Įvertinti knarkiančiųjų bei sergančių lengvu ir vidutinio sunkumo OMAHS pacientų gyvenimo kokybę prieš pradedant gydymą ir po gydymo RDTA. 3. Įvertinti su RDTA operacijomis susijusių pacientų nusiskundimų intensyvumą ir pooperacinių komplikacijų dažnį. 4. Ištirti ir įvertinti knarkiančiųjų bei sergančių lengvu ir vidutinio sun¬kumo OMAHS pacientų nusiskundimus ir apnėjų hipopnėjų indeksą po gydymo RDTA. 5. Ištirti ir įvertinti knarkiančiųjų bei sergančių lengvu ir vidutinio sunkumo OMAHS pacientų emocinę būklę po gydymo RDTA. 6. Ištirti ir įvertinti knarkiančiųjų bei sergančių lengvu ir vidutinio sunkumo OMAHS miego partnerių emocinę būklę ir jos pokyčius po pacientų gydymo RDTA. Po pacientų gydymo RDTA nustatytas pacientų nusiskundimų intensyvumo ir apnėjų hipopnėjų indekso sumažėjimas bei emocinės būklės pagerėjimas, ir pacientų miego part¬ne¬rių depresiškumo sumažėjimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
A total of 74 snoring and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients underwent complete full night polysomnography (PSG) and clinical examination and were treated with two sessions of radiofrequency tissue ablation (RFTA). The emotional state of 38 bed partners of snoring and mild to moderate OSAHS patients were evaluated at the baseline and 2–4 months after the patients completed the treatment. Objectives of the study: 1. To examine and evaluate the relationship between complaints, anatomical features, PSG results, and emotional state of snoring and mild to moderate OSAHS patients. 2. To assess the quality of life among snoring and mild to moderate OSAHS patients before and after the RFTA treatment. 3. To analyze the morbidity and the rate of postoperative compli¬ca¬tions of RFTA. 4. To evaluate the influence of RFTA on the objective (PSG results) and subjective (complaints) outcomes in snoring and mild to moderate OSAHS patients. 5. To evaluate the influence of RFTA on the outcomes of anxiety and depression in snoring and mild to moderate OSAHS patients. 6. To examine the emotional state and to evaluate the effect of RFTA on anxiety and depression in bed partners of snoring and mild to moderate OSAHS patients. A remarkable improvement in patients’ complaints, PSG results and emotional state after RFTA was observed. RFTA therapy resulted in improved depression scores for the bed partners of snoring and mild to moderate OSAHS patients.
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Rubies, Espinalt Cira. "Estudi de l'exercici fisic intens i la sindrome de l'apnea del son com a factors de risc emergents per a patologia cardiovascular. Caracterització en models animals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461299.

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L'exercici físic de molt elevada intensitat i la síndrome d'apnea obstructiva del son (SAOS) són dues causes emergents de patologia cardiovascular que poden promoure canvis maladaptatius a nivell vascular i cardíac. Aquests canvis podrien ser la base de l'increment del risc de malaltia ateroscleròtica i de fibril·lació auricular (FA) en individus amb aquestes condicions. Un dels punts centrals de la present tesi és l'anàlisi del remodelat cardiovascular associat a la pràctica d'exercici físic a dosis molt elevades i l'exploració dels possibles mecanismes fisiopatològics associats. Amb aquesta finalitat es va utilitzar un model animal de rata corredora en cinta rodant en la qual es van comparar els canvis provocats per diferents dosis d'activitat física (intensa i moderada). S'ha demostrat que l'exercici d'alta intensitat, contràriament a l'exercici moderat, promou un remodelat advers de la paret de l'aorta amb un increment de fibrosi acompanyat d'una reducció de les seves propietats elàstiques. Alhora s'ha observat un remodelat estructural patològic de l'artèria caròtida i dels vasos intramiocàrdics associat a l'exercici intens. Les diferents dosis d'exercici s'associen a patrons característics d'expressió de miARNs en la paret aòrtica que podrien constituir un mecanisme regulador important. A més, s'ha confirmat que l'exercici d'alta intensitat en el nostre model animal promou la fibrogènesi auricular. El sildenafil ha previngut el desenvolupament de fibrosi únicament en la cavitat esquerra auricular, suggerint una possible acció directa sobre el miocardi. El TGF-β sembla jugar un paper clau en l'efecte protector del sildenafil. D'altra banda, la SAOS té una sèrie d’efectes (hipòxia i hipercàpnia intermitent, pressió intratoràcica que es torna molt negativa i microdespertars) que a llarg termini poden promoure l'aparició de complicacions cardiovasculars. El model crònic descrit en aquesta tesi és un model no invasiu que es pot aplicar a l'exploració de diferents conseqüències de la SAOS: la hipòxia i hipercàpnia intermitent i els esforços respiratoris. El model de SAOS ha promogut una dilatació de l'aorta i un engruiximent de la seva paret. A nivell fisiopatològic, s'ha demostrat la importància de l'estrès oxidatiu i de l'activació del sistema RAA en la promoció del remodelat vascular. Els resultats suggereixen que el tractament amb cèl·lules mare mesenquimals (CMMs) podria resultar beneficiós, atenuant el remodelat vascular induït per la SAOS. A més, la SAOS ha promogut el desenvolupament de fibrosi auricular promoguda per una acció proinflamatòria i per una reducció en la degradació del col·lagen en la qual la MMP-2 hi juga un paper principal. Les CMMs poden tenir un paper potencial en la prevenció del remodelat fibròtic auricular possiblement a través d'un mecanisme antiinflamatori.
High intensity resistance training and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease that may promote maladaptative changes in the vessels and the heart. These changes could lead to an increased risk of atherosclerotic burden and atrial fibrillation (AF), affecting individuals under such conductions. One of the main goal of this doctoral thesis is the analysis of the cardiovascular remodelling associated with very-high doses of exercise and its physiopathology. A rat model subjected to aerobic treadmill training is used to compared the changes induced by different exercise doses (very-high and moderate). We demonstrated that intense exercise, unlike moderate exercise, promote an adverse aortic wall remodelling with fibrosis and decreased elastic proprieties. Also, intense exercise induce pathologic structural remodeling of the carotid artery and intramyocardial vessels. Exercise-dose- dependent miRNA profile expression in the aorta may regulate this response. Moreover, our study supported that intense exercise induce atrial fibrogenesis. Sildenafil specifically prevented the increase of fibrosis in the left atria, suggesting a direct action within the myocardium. TGF-β likely contributes to this protective effect. OSA is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, negative intratoracic pressures and arousals, that may ultimately induce cardiovascular complications. Here, we use a chronic non-invasive OSA rat model involving both thoracic pressure swings and intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia to explore its cardiovascular consequences. In our model, OSA promote aortic dilatation and increase wall thickness. We demonstrate that increased oxidative stress and RAAS upregulation likely mediate these effects. Results suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC ) infusions could prevent OSA-induced aortic remodeling. Moreover, OSA promoted an increase in atrial fibrosis, which can be mediated in part by the systemic and local inflammation and by decreased collagen-degradation, possibly due to a MMP-2 downregulation. MSC might potentially prevent the atrial profibrotic remodelling induced by OSA by blunting the inflammatory response and normalizing MMP-2 synthesis.
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8

Castany, Aregall Marta. "Avaluació del glaucoma, i d’altres malalties oftalmològiques, en pacients amb síndrome d’apnea hipoapnea del son (SAHS)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377768.

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La síndrome d’apnea-hipoapnea del son (SAHS) és una malaltia amb una elevada prevalença en la població general que ha estat associada a entitats oftalmològiques diverses, sent la més prevalent la síndrome de la parpella laxa i, entre les que comporten més risc de pèrdua visual permanent el glaucoma i la neuropatia òptica. No es coneix la relació fisiopatològica entre les manifestacions oftalmològiques i la SAHS. La hipòxia intermitent secundària a les apnees crea una disfunció de l’autoregulació del flux vascular i un increment de l’estrès oxidatiu que s’han proposat com a factors de risc pel glaucoma. La nostra hipòtesis fou que la SAHS és un factor de risc de patir dany papil·lar glaucomatós independentment de la PIO, i que la laxitud palpebral i el dany glaucomatós de la papil·la estan relacionats en aquests pacients. L’objectiu de l’estudi fou definir les característiques glaucomatoses d’aquests pacients, tenint en compte la PIO, el dany papil·lar i el dany en el camp visual. Els objectius secundaris van ser relacionar les manifestacions oftalmològiques amb la severitat del SAHS i valorar la possible relació entre el glaucoma i la laxitud palpebral. El disseny de l’estudi fou transversal sobre una població de sospitosos de SAHS. Es va realitzar polisonmografia completa i exploració oftalmològica que inclogué PIO en diferents posicions amb tonòmetre de Perkins, camp visual i retinografia seqüencial estereoscòpica. Per la classificació de la SAHS es va tenir en compte l’Índex Apnea- Hipoapnea del son (IAH). L’estudi estadístic es va realitzar amb STATA 11. Com a resultats destacats vam observar que no hi havia diferències en la PIO mitjana en posició assegut entre el grup SAHS moderat/sever i el grup SAHS no/lleu mentre que la PIO en decúbit supí va ser més elevada i amb diferència estadísticament significativa en el grup SAHS moderat/sever respecte el grup SAHS no/ lleu. La PIO en supí i en decúbit lateral per l’ull inferior van presentar una correlació positiva i amb significació estadística amb l’IAH. Aquesta relació no s’ha descrit fins ara. En el grup SAHS moderat/sever el 12,9% va presentar papil·les sospitoses de glaucoma i el 32% un camp visual anòmal. Les diferències respecte al grup SAHS no/lleu foren estadísticament significatives p=0,002 i p=0,013 respectivament. La flaccidesa palpebral fou més freqüent en el grup SAHS moderat/sever respecte el grup SAHS no/lleu, si bé no es van detectar diferències entre el grup amb papil·la sospitosa de glaucoma respecte el grup sense sospita. En l’exploració fundoscòpica vam observar un major percentatge d’estries angioides idiopàtiques en la mostra respecte a l’esperat en la població general. Tres pacients (3/49) amb SAHS sever van presentar estries angioides bilaterals, representant el 6% del grup SAHS sever. Que en tinguem coneixement no s’ha descrit fins ara aquesta associació. A partir d’aquests resultats ens plantegem que hi hagi una relació entre la SAHS i les estries degut a una lesió dels teixits connectius en la SAHS, ja sigui primària o secundària a les conseqüències fisiopatològiques de la SAHS. Les limitacions principals de l’estudi van ser l’elecció d’una mostra no representativa de la població general i el disseny transversal que no permet fer un diagnòstic de certesa del glaucoma basat en la progressió. Com a fortaleses cal destacar l’homogeneïtat de la mostra: pacients sospitosos de SAHS, i l’estudi del glaucoma tenint en compte les diferents variables. Com a conclusions els pacients amb SAHS moderat o sever haurien de ser considerats un grup de risc de patir glaucoma. Seria adequada la derivació a oftalmologia per realitzar la mesura de PIO en decúbit supí i lateral, realitzar un fons d’ull i una prova de camp visual per valorar el risc de glaucoma i descartar altres patologies associades
Sleep Hipoapnea-apnea syndrome (OSA) is a disease with a high prevalence in the general population that has been associated with various ophthalmic manifestations, the most prevalent is the floppy eye syndrome whereas glaucoma and ischemic optic neuropathy involve greater risk of permanent visual loss. Pathophysiological relationship between OSA and the ocular manifestations is not completely understood. Nocturnal apnea causes intermittent hypoxia, increased oxidative stress and dysfunction of the vascular tone; these factors have been proposed as risk factors for glaucoma. Our hypothesis was that OSA is a risk factor for glaucomatous changes in the optic nerve regardless of the IOP; and that eyelid laxity and glaucoma could be related in these patients. The aim of the study was to define the characteristics of glaucomatous patients, taking into account IOP, optic disk and visual field characteristics. The secondary objectives were to correlate them with the severity of OSA and to evaluate the possible relationship between glaucoma and eyelid laxity. The study design was cross-sectional in a population of suspected SAHS. We conducted polysomnography and a comprehensive ophthalmic test including IOP in different positions with Perkins tonometer, a sequential stereoscopic retinography and a visual field test. Classification of the OSA was based on the Apnea- Hipoapnea Index (AHI). The statistical study was performed with STATA 11. We observed no differences in mean IOP in sitting position between the moderate/severe OSA group and no/mild OSA. In supine position, IOP was higher in the moderate/severe OSA group compared to the no/mild OSA group. This difference was statistically significant. IOP in supine and lateral decubitus in the lower eye showed a statistically significant positive correlation with AHI. This relationship has not been described before. In the moderate/severe OSA group 12.9% of the eyes had a glaucomatous optic disk and 32% presented an abnormal visual field test. Differences between this group and the no / mild OSA were statistically significant, p = 0.002 and p = 0.013 respectively. Floppy eyelid was more frequent in the moderate/severe OSA group compared to the no/mild OSA. Nevertheless, no differences were found regarding the presence of floppy eyelid between eyes with glaucomatous optic disk or those without suspicion of optic disk glaucomatous changes. On funduscopic examination with stereoscopic retinography we observed a higher percentage of idiopathic angioid streaks compared to the expected in the general population. Three patients (6%; 3/49) of the severe OSA group (AHI>30) showed angioid streaks in both eyes. This association has not been described. Considering these results, we suggest that there can be a relationship between OSA and angioid streaks due to the connective tissue abnormalities present in OSA, either primary or secondary to the pathophysiological consequences of OSA. The main limitations of the study were the selection of the sample, which was not representative of the general population and the cross-sectional design, which does not allow a final diagnosis of glaucoma based on the progression. The main strengths include the homogeneity of the sample, patients with suspicion of SAHS and the wide analysis of glaucoma considering different parameters. As conclusions, patients with moderate or severe OSA should be considered a group of risk for glaucoma. It would be appropriate an ophthalmic referral that should include IOP measurement in supine and lateral position, fundus examination to check retina and optic disk and a visual field test to rule out glaucoma or other ophthalmic manifestations.
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9

Aires, Lara. "Sleep@Home: remote monitoring of sleep apnea syndrome patients = Sleep@home: monitorização remota de doentes com síndrome da apneia do sono." Master's thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/12066.

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A Síndroma da Apneia do Sono é uma disfunção das vias respiratórias que atinge adultos e crianças, sendo que para as crianças as consequências são mais nefastas. O seu diagnóstico é feito comummente usando a Polissonografia (PSG). Contudo esta técnica é bastante complexa e implica que o doente seja monitorizado durante uma noite completa num hospital. Este estudo é caro e está disponível em poucos hospitais pediátricos do País, sendo dramático principalmente para as crianças que se vêm envoltas em fios e que se vêm obrigadas a passar uma noite num ambiente que lhes é estranho. Assim, a possibilidade de ocorrência do efeito de bata-branca não pode ser posta de parte. De modo a colmatar estes efeitos indesejáveis, têm sido vários os dispositivos a ser desenvolvidos para o despiste da Síndroma da Apneia do Sono em ambiente domiciliário. Porém, como a maioria destes dispositivos baseiam os seus resultados na análise da oximetria e de parâmetros internos do paciente, o número de falsos negativos é ainda elevado. Nesta linha de pensamento, o Sleep@Home foi desenvolvido para fazer uma triagem aos pacientes no seu domicílio. Os resultados obtidos baseiam-se principalmente na análise da oximetria, sendo o cruzamento destes dados com imagens de vídeo a principal inovação, de modo a reduzir o número de falsos negativos. Os resultados sugerem que o Sleep@Home poderá ser uma ferramenta poderosa neste âmbito
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10

Pardalejo, Ana Sofia Almeida. "Sleep@home: remote monitoring of sleep apnea syndrome patients." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/12255.

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A apneia obstrutiva do sono é nos dias de hoje um distúrbio respiratório com consequências graves que afectam a qualidade de vida das pessoas. A percentagem de casos em crianças de idade pré-escolar é de cerca de 1-3%. A Polissonografia é actualmente a técnica mais utilizada para o estudo do sono, durante uma noite completa num hospital, em que inúmeros sinais vitais da criança estão continuamente a ser monitorizados. O reduzido número de hospitais pediátricos com este tipo de exame, a sua complexidade e custos elevados, promovem o desenvolvimento de novos dispositivos. O Sleep@Home é um sistema inovador e não invasivo, em que as crianças podem ser monitorizadas a partir de suas casas, e a aquisição dos sinais é transmitida remotamente para a unidade de saúde onde os dados podem ser consultados. O objectivo deste sistema não é substituir a PSG, mas ser utilizado como um dispositivo de rastreio menos estranho para as crianças. Para isso é necessária a realização de mais testes clínicos a fim de validar o sistema. Palavras-chave (Tema): Síndrome da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono, saturação de oxigénio, frequência cardíaca, monitorização no domicílio, apoio ao diagnóstico, crianças. Palavras-chave (Tecnologias): Oxímetro, câmara de vídeo, bandas de esforço respiratório, microfone.
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