Journal articles: 'Slenderness ration'

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Radojcic, Dejan, Antonio Zgradic, Milan Kalajdzic, and Aleksandar Simic. "Resistance Prediction for Hard Chine Hulls in the Pre-Planing Regime." Polish Maritime Research 21, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2014-0014.

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Abstract A mathematical representation of calm-water resistance for contemporary planing hull forms based on the USCG and TUNS Series is presented. Regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques are used to establish, respectively, Simple and Complex mathematical models. For the Simple model, resistance is the dependent variable (actually R/Δ for standard displacement of Δ = 100000 lb), while the Froude number based on volume (FnV) and slenderness ration (L/V1/3) are the independent variables. In addition to these, Complex model’s independent variables are the length beam ratio (L/B), the position of longitudinal centre of gravity (LCG/L) and the deadrise angle (β). The speed range corresponding to FnV values between 0.6 and 3.5 is analyzed. The Simple model can be used in the concept design phases, while the Complex one might be used for various numerical towing tank performance predictions during all design phases, as appropriate

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Wang, Bin. "Experimental Behavior of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tube of Mid and Long Columns Subjected to Eccentric Compression." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.118.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation of the mechanic behavior of 9 concrete-filled square steel tube columns (CFSST) subjected to eccentric loading. The primary parameters of the specimens are eccentricity ratios, slenderness ratios and concrete strength. The results showed that the eccentricity ratios and slenderness ratios are the primary factors to influence the load-bearing capacity of CFSST columns, with the increase of eccentricity ratios and slenderness ratios, the limit load-bearing capacity reduced gradually. The influence of concrete strength to load-bearing capacity decreased gradually with the increase of eccentricity ratios and slenderness ratios.

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Liu, Jui-Ling, Dung M. Lue, and Ching H. Lin. "Investigation on slenderness ratios of built-up compression members." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 65, no. 1 (January 2009): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.012.

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Vincent, Thomas, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Influence of Slenderness on Behavior of High-Strength Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes under Axial Compression." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.963.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on the influence of specimen slenderness on axial compressive behavior of concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs). A total of 18 aramid FRP- (AFRP) confined high-strength concrete (HSC) specimens with circular cross-sections were tested. Specimens with height-to-diameter ratios of 1, 2, 3 and 5 were manufactured and tested, with all specimens maintaining a nominal diameter of 150 mm. The results indicate that specimens with an H/D of 1 exhibit significantly higher strength and strain enhancements compared to specimens with H/D ratios of 2 to 5. The influence of slenderness on specimens with H/D ratios between 2 and 5 was found to be significant in regards to axial strain enhancement, with a decrease observed as specimen slenderness increased. On the other hand, the influence of slenderness on axial strength enhancement of specimens with H/D ratios between 2 and 5 was found to be negligible.

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Salem, A. H., M. El Aghoury, F. F. El Dib, and M. T. Hanna. "Strength of biaxially loaded slender I-section beam-columns." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-091.

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The strength of a slender section is governed by local buckling of its elements. The local buckling mode is mainly affected by the width to thickness ratios of elements forming the section and the member slenderness ratio. A nonlinear finite element model was developed in this paper to study the effect of the mentioned factors on the capacity of biaxially loaded slender I-section beam–columns. A group of I sections was selected with varying flange width to flange thickness and web width to web thickness ratios. Different member slenderness ratios were chosen to study the different modes of failure. The results show that the linear interaction equation is safe and provides a good fit to the ultimate capacity of members with intermediate slenderness ratios. It is conservative, however, for short member slenderness ratios. Lastly, compared with the newly developed finite element model, the 1996 edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute specification for cold-formed steel structural members and the European Committee for Standardization Eurocode 3 conservatively predict the capacity of members, especially for large ratios of minor axis to major axis bending.Key words: structural engineering, steel, stability, buckling, biaxial loads, ultimate strength.

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Tang, Yu, Zeyang Sun, and Gang Wu. "Compressive Behavior of Sustainable Steel-FRP Composite Bars with Different Slenderness Ratios." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041118.

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This paper presents experimental studies on the compressive behavior of a sustainable steel-fiber reinforced composite bar (SFCB) under uniaxial compressive loading. The SFCB, combined with steel and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), is expected to significantly enhance structural safety and sustainability. A new test method with LVDT and extensometer sensors was developed and verified through experiments to test the tensile and compressive behavior of the SFCB. Fifty-four specimens including SFCB and inner steel bar (ISB) with different slenderness ratios were tested. The test results indicated that the initial compressive elastic modulus of the SFCB was essentially the same as its initial tensile elastic modulus. The compressive yield load of the SFCB was essentially irrelevant to the slenderness ratio, and the ultimate compressive stress of the SFCBs varied inversely with the slenderness ratios. The squash load of the SFCB tended to be conservative for predicting the compressive yield load of the SFCB, while the equivalent critical global buckling load of the SFCB was much higher than its corresponding compressive yield load and ultimate load due to the inelastic buckling mechanism of the SFCB within the range of the equivalent slenderness ratios studied in this paper.

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Kaur, Ravpreet, and Harvinder Singh. "Slenderness in Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Long Beams." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 1240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-06-011.

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Slenderness influences in steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) long beams are not adequately addressed in current concrete design regulations. The present guidelines are confined to semi-empirical formulations for limiting slenderness ratio, but largely restricted to RC beams. Many scholars have already examined RC long beams and successfully presented the slenderness ratio formula for RC long beams. This article proposes a novel term for limiting the slenderness ratio for SFRC long rectangular beams based on the fundamental principle of mechanics and taking into account the slenderness impact of RC long beams as well as the flexural moment capacity of SFRC beams. The suggested formulation for limiting slenderness ratio agrees closely with experimental data and may reliably forecast the mode of collapse. The proposed limiting slenderness ratio formulation takes into consideration beam end circumstances, loading conditions, concrete strengths, steel, tension and compression reinforcement ratios, and transverse reinforcement ratios, among other factors. It is revealed that a wide variety of slenderness limits may be achieved for varied sets of design parameters. The researchers' predictions and the suggested equation are compared to the test results of 9 SFRC beams. The suggested equation fits well with the results of the tests that have been done so far. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-011 Full Text: PDF

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Kim, Do-Young, Chang-Hoon Sim, Jae-Sang Park, Joon-Tae Yoo, Young-Ha Yoon, and Keejoo Lee. "Buckling Knockdown Factors of Composite Cylinders under Both Compression and Internal Pressure." Aerospace 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8110346.

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The internal pressure of a thin-walled cylindrical structure under axial compression may improve the buckling stability by relieving loads and reducing initial imperfections. In this study, the effect of internal pressure on the buckling knockdown factor is investigated for axially compressed thin-walled composite cylinders with different shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios. Various shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios are considered when the buckling knockdown factor is derived for the thin-walled composite cylinders under both axial compression and internal pressure. Nonlinear post-buckling analyses are conducted using the nonlinear finite element analysis program, ABAQUS. The single perturbation load approach is used to represent the geometric initial imperfection of thin-walled composite cylinders. For cases with the axial compressive force only, the buckling knockdown factor decreases as the shell thickness ratio increases or as the slenderness ratio increases. When the internal pressure is considered simultaneously with the axial compressive force, the buckling knockdown factor decreases as the slenderness ratio increases but increases as the shell thickness ratio increases. The buckling knockdown factors considering the internal pressure and axial compressions are higher by 2.67% to 38.98% compared with the knockdown factors considering the axial compressive force only. The results show the significant effect of the internal pressure, particularly for thinner composite cylinders, and that the buckling knockdown factors may be enhanced for all the shell thickness ratios and slenderness ratios considered in this study when the internal pressure is applied to the cylinder.

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Amoush, Essam A. "Experimental Investigation of the Axial Behaviour for Battened Tubular Columns." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1056, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1056/1/012036.

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Abstract This paper describes a series of experiments on batten tubular specimens with various slenderness ratios. The experimental study was employed to satisfy the expectations of behaviour and axial load capability of battened tubular columns. Twelve specimens composed of four tubes having different global column slenderness and various ratios of the unbraced chord slenderness-to-the global column slenderness were chosen to cover stub, short and medium columns. The tubes were assembled with welded batten plates. A numerical model with a thin shell element considered both geometric and material nonlinearities was used to verify the experimental results. Tests result showed different failure modes, such as local, local-flexural and flexural buckling. By comparing, the finite element and tested results have a good agreement. The results revealed the strength of the battened columns, which was related to the effect of global slenderness and spacers on the buckling behaviour. Additionally, the stub, short and medium column strengths were enhanced by 8%, 25%, and 78%; respectively, when the number of spacers increased to four batten plates. Eventually, predicted strengths of the battened column by AISC and EC3 specifications were slightly un-conservative.

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Dai, Bibo, Xingdong Zhao, Shuwen Zhang, Qian Kang, and Zhonghua Zhu. "Mechanical Behavior and Energy Evolution of Sandstone considering Slenderness Ratio Effect." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 14, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8881416.

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To study the influence of slenderness ratio effect on the mechanical behavior, acoustic emission properties, and energy evolution of sandstone, the uniaxial compression tests coupled with acoustic emission technology are carried out at different slenderness ratios D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0). The results show that a logarithmic function relationship is observed between the peak strength, the peak strain, and the elastic modulus with slenderness ratio. The failure patterns of the tested sandstone varied significantly with the increasing slenderness ratio. When the slenderness ratio, D, is lower than 1.5, complex failures and multiple shear planes are formed, while simple failures and single shear planes are generated at D larger than 1.5. Besides, the AE ringing counts are more obvious with a higher slenderness ratio, D, at the initial compression stage due to the greater body volume and more defects in the sandstone. The energy evolution curves and energy ratio distribution curves can be divided into four stages, corresponding to the stress-strain curves.

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11

Yao, Xingyou, Yafei Liu, Shile Zhang, Yanli Guo, and Chengli Hu. "Experiment and Design Method of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Double-Lipped Equal-Leg Angle under Axial Compression." Buildings 12, no. 11 (October 23, 2022): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111775.

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The cold-formed steel (CFS) double-lipped equal-leg angle is widely used in modular container houses and cold-formed steel buildings. To study the buckling behavior and bearing capacity design method of the cold-formed steel (CFS) double-lipped equal-leg angle under axial compression, 24 CFS double-lipped equal-leg angles with different sections and slenderness ratios the axial compression were conducted. The test results showed that the distortional buckling occurs for specimens with a small width-to-thickness ratio and small slenderness ratio. The buckling interactive with distortional and global flexural buckling was observed for the specimens with small width-to-thickness ratios and large slenderness ratios. The specimens with large width-to-thickness ratios and small slenderness ratios showed interactive buckling with local and distortion buckling. The specimens with large width-to-thickness ratios and large slenderness ratio developed interactive buckling with local, distortional, and global flexural buckling. The finite element model established by ABAQUS software was used to simulate and analyze the test. The buckling modes and the load-carrying capacities analyzed by the finite element model agreed with the test results, which showed that the developed finite element model was feasible to analyze the buckling and bearing capacity of the CFS double-lipped equal-leg angles. The experimental results were compared with those calculated by the direct strength method in the North American standard and the effective width method in the Chinese standard. The comparisons indicated that the calculated results are very conservative with maximum value 36% and 51% for direct strength method and effective width method, respectively. The coefficient of variation was 0.276 and 0.397, respectively. Finally, the modified direct strength method and the modified effective width method were proposed based on the experimental results. The comparison on the ultimate strength between test results and calculated results by using the modified method showed a good agreement. The modified method can be as a proposed desigh method for the ultimate strength of the CFS double-lipped equal-leg angles under axial compression.

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Zhao, Ya Nan. "Influence of Mould Slenderness Ratio on the Solidification of Heavy Ingots by Numerical Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 871 (January 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.871.27.

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The quality of heavy ingot normally depends on the processing factor and ingot mould type. Based on the ingot mould type only, the quality and solidification process of a 96-ton ingot moulds with different slenderness-ratios have been studied numerically using the software package ProCAST. The results show that the position of shrinkage porosity moves up and the macroporosity in the ingot center increases prominently as slenderness-ratio increasing, meanwhile, the inclusion-floating time through the middle and bottom part of ingot decreases, and A-segregation alleviates as well. The correlation between the quality and slenderness-ratio of the ingot is not a liner relationship, when the slenderness ratio is 1.4, the ingot has better quality.

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Hammad, Ahmed, Yehia Abdel-Nasser, Cristina Churiaque, and José María Sánchez-Amaya. "Rationally-Based Structural Design of Welded Plate Panels." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091381.

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This study predicts the behavior of welded plate panels (unstiffened plates) with different geometrical properties (slenderness ratio and aspect ratio) in order to address a rational structural design procedure, as these parameters are of great importance from a structural design perspective. Nonlinear finite element analysis has been used to simulate the butt-welding process of plate panels, giving the three-dimensional distribution of distortion and residual stresses induced by welding through the design of a moving heat source. The numerical results are validated with published experimental measurements. The effect of geometrical properties such as slenderness ratio β and aspect ratio a/b on the creation of welding-induced imperfections (distortion and residual stresses) have been investigated in this work. These geometrical properties influence the creation of the welding-induced imperfections, which in turn affect the load-carrying capacity of the plate panels. Three different plate slenderness ratios with three different aspect ratios have been studied. It is concluded that increasing the plate aspect ratio can highly increase the out-of-plane distortion magnitude as well as the compressive residual stress. The plates with high slenderness ratio (thin thicknesses) are highly affected by increasing plate aspect ratio a/b. As the slenderness ratio β increases, the reduction in the ultimate strength due to the existence of welding-induced imperfections highly decreases. Slenderness ratio β can highly affected the ultimate strength of plates with smaller aspect ratio more than plates with higher aspect ratio.

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Janiszewski, K. "Influence of Slenderness Ratios of a Multi-Hole Ceramic Filters at the Effectiveness of Process of Filtration of Non-Metallic Inclusions from Liquid Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0002-y.

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Influence of Slenderness Ratios of a Multi-Hole Ceramic Filters at the Effectiveness of Process of Filtration of Non-Metallic Inclusions from Liquid SteelThe paper presents the results of investigations of the process of filtration of solid non-metallic inclusions from liquid steel with use of multi-hole ceramic filters (filtrating surfaces) characterised by a varying slenderness ratios. In order to eliminate the negative influence of the ambient air atmosphere the investigations have been carried out under a protective argon atmosphere. The experimental results obtained have proved earlier suggestions of papers [9-12] about the negative influence of ambient air atmosphere, as well as the essential influence of slenderness ratio of the used multi-hole ceramic filter at the increase of effectiveness of the liquid steel refining processes carried out through steel filtration.

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Qi, Yujun, Lei Xie, Yu Bai, Weiqing Liu, and Hai Fang. "Axial Compression Behaviours of Pultruded GFRP–Wood Composite Columns." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040755.

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An innovative pultruded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)–wood composite (PFWC) column with a lightweight southern pine wood core confined by outer FRP sheets was manufactured using an improved pultrusion process. Axial compression tests with both ends pinned as boundary conditions were employed to investigate the mechanical performance of such PFWC columns under concentric load. Through experimental investigations, the effects of the slenderness ratio on the failure modes and the axial load bearing capacities of the PFWC columns were evaluated. The failure modes showed that the specimens with a slenderness ratio less than 43.2 failed through compressive failure at junctions on FRP sheets, while those with slenderness ratios larger than 57.6 showed global buckling. Strain responses on specimens with different slenderness ratios are consistent with the observed failure modes. Finite element analysis was carried out to validate the experimental results, and satisfactory agreement was found between the failure modes and load–displacement curves. An empirical equation was developed with a new factor taking 0.65 into account to predict the load bearing capacities of the PFWC columns, and good agreement was found.

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Li, Hai-tao, Rong Liu, Rodolfo Lorenzo, Gang Wu, and Li-bin Wang. "Eccentric compression properties of laminated bamboo columns with different slenderness ratios." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 172, no. 5 (May 2019): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.18.00007.

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Tang, Yu, Zeyang Sun, Gang Wu, and Yang Wei. "Experimental Study on Cyclic Behavior of SFCBs with Different Slenderness Ratios." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 33, no. 8 (August 2021): 04021204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003831.

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Nie, Gui Bo, Xu Dong Zhi, and Feng Fan. "Test Research on Spatial Hysteretic Behavior of Circular Steel Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.177.

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A test to study the spatial hysteretic behavior of circular steel pipe subjected to cyclic load was designed. The test setup and data acquisition system were applicable for three-dimension load. A total of 30 specimens were selected by cross section and height of the circular steel pipe to cover different slenderness ratios, different load modes. The specimens were divided into five groups by different load modes. The hysteretic curves changing with different slenderness ratios and different load modes were got after completing the experiment. These lay the foundation of the subsequent research on constitutive model about steel.

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Kim, Do-Young, Chang-Hoon Sim, Han-Il Kim, Jae-Sang Park, Joon-Tae Yoo, Young-Ha Yoon, and Keejoo Lee. "Derivations of Buckling Knockdown Factors for Composite Cylinders Considering Various Shell Thickness Ratios and Slenderness Ratios." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 49, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2021.49.4.321.

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Si, Jianhui, Shixiong Qiu, Shuyang Feng, Jiebin Chen, and Zhenshan Wang. "Experimental study on axial compression buckling of glass fiber reinforced plastics solid pole with circular cross-section." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 4 (January 7, 2022): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211054226.

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Glass fiber reinforced plastics are widely used in civil engineering because of their advantages such as light weight, high strength, good pollution resistance, and corrosion resistance. This study investigated the buckling bearing capacity, failure characteristics, and slenderness ratios of GFRP solid bars with circular cross-sections subjected to axial compression. A total of 18 specimens were categorized into six groups. The slenderness ratios ranged from 57 to 123. It was found from experiments that the instability mode of the specimens was extreme point instability, and a bearing capacity platform phenomenon was observed when overall lateral instability occurred. The failure mode was axial and transverse tearing failure of the material in the middle of the specimen. During buckling, the tensile side was transformed from the compression of the resin matrix to tension in the fibers. The elastic modulus of glass fiber was much lower than that of the resin matrix. After tension occurred, increased deformation led to a rapid increase in lateral bending, which resulted in the phenomenon of the bearing platform. At ultimate deformation, brittle failure of the specimen occurred. The buckling load of the specimen decreased sharply with an increase in the slenderness ratio, and stress ratios decreased from 34.95% to 6.73%. It is suggested that the slenderness ratio not exceed 80. Finally, based on experimental results, a practical method for calculating the stable bearing capacity of solid GFRP poles is proposed.

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Li, Guo Chang, Fei Tian, Zhi Jian Yang, and Guo Zhong Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis on K-Type External Braced Steel Frame System." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.495.

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The concept of moment resisting frames with K-type external braces is proposed to increase the lateral stiffness, which has short external span and large lateral stiffness. In order to investigate the lateral stiffness, overstrength coefficient and the reduction factor of K-type external brace under horizontal load, ABAQUS was applied to study the different slenderness ratios (from50 to 150) of K-type external steel braced frames. The results showed that the lateral load and displacement curve can be divided into elastic stage, the buckling of the compressive brace-yield of the tensile brace stage and plastic stage. The overstrength of K-bracing is related to the potential bearing capacity of the frame when the compressive brace buckled, and the potential growth of the tensile brace. The overstrength coefficient increases with increasing of the brace slenderness ratio. The range of recommended values of slenderness ratios of K-type external steel braces and design values of unbalanced force of column sections are proposed.

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Karkauskas, Romanas, and Michail Popov. "THE ALGORITHM OF THE CROSS-SECTION OPTIMIZATION OF INELASTIC GEOMETRICAL NONLINEAR STEEL FRAME STRUCTURES." Engineering Structures and Technologies 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2009): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2009.02.

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The purpose of the problem of optimization is introducing a project on the structure satisfying the limit requirements of the safety and usability conditions of the various eff ects of external actions. It can be provided by disposing comprehensive information about the real behaviour of construction under all working conditions and at any period of occurrence. Such problem cannot be solved applying the methods of the linear theory of structural mechanics because the form and dimensions of construction under assorted loads essentially change and the principle of small displacement becomes unreliable. In addition, starting from certain stress conditions, Hook’s law for majority materials is ineligible and changing by nonlinear relation. It is necessary to refuse the linear theory assumptions and change over to considerably wide and complex nonlinear theory generalizations. Abandoning calculation by unstrained condition tolerating small displacements allow changes in the infl uence of construction geometry on its defl ected mode, proceed to nonlinear tensions and relations with deformations and allow incipient plastic deformations because some materials of construction close to plastic collapse receive very large displacements and do not satisfy requirements for successful exploitation. Th ereby, the above mentioned causes must be allowed developing the mathematical models of solving the problems of construction optimization. A developed mathematical model and calculation algorithm with material inelastic properties as well as the evaluation of maintenance requirements are presented for the cross-sections optimization of geometrically nonlinear frames. Th e evaluation of dissipative features when employing inelastic steel stains results in a signifi cant reduction of reserve in carrying capacity in respect of the optimal elastic state of the structure. Maintenance requirements for the structure introduced to its operation time involve not only strength constraints but also stiff ness, stability and structural constraints defi ning minimal cross-section parameters and the ration of element slenderness. Th e aforementioned factors limit the free development of plastic stains, and therefore the optimal structure is considered in the state prior to plastic collapse. Th e used elastic response values are related to the optimal parameters of standard profi le cross-sections by nonlinear functional relation. Th erefore, this problem has to be solved using the iterative method. Th e procedure of forming a new beam element tangent stiff ness matrix considered by internal forces stimulated by diff erent element alterations is presented. Th e effi ciency of the developed algorithm exemplifi ed by calculating the optimal values of the cross-section involving 16-stroyed steel frame beam elements is obeyed by minimum volume requirements when node horizontal displacements are limited.

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Guo, Chao, and Zhengran Lu. "Coupling Effect of Eccentricity and Slenderness Ratios on RCFST Column Instability Modes." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (October 27, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6530425.

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The instability damage modes of rectangle concrete-filled steel tube (RCFST) columns that are subjected to eccentric compression can be divided into two types based on the modified Jezek analytical procedure, namely, the eccentricity ratio (γ) and the slenderness ratio (λ) coupling effect. The RCFST columns have unilateral compression yield failure mode when γ is small. However, it has compressive and tensile mode on both sides when the value of γ is large. In this work, parametric analyses were performed to test 32 RCFST long columns by varying γ with different λ combinations. From the analysis, it was found that the results of the theoretical analysis of the load-tension strain (P-ε) responses and the instability modes of the RCFST long columns are similar to the experimental results. Further, the proposed analytical method aids in better understanding the effects of γ and λ coupling on the stability behavior of the RCFST columns.

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Temple, Murray C., and Ghada M. Elmahdy. "Slenderness ratio of main members between interconnectors of built-up compression members." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-938.

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Many steel design standards, including CAN/CSA-S16.1-M89 "Limit states design of steel structures," specify maximum slenderness ratios for the individual main members between the interconnectors of built-up compression members. Previous research on which these requirements are based is reviewed. It is shown that the imperfection sensitivity due to coupled instabilities is measured from bifurcation critical loads. However, steel standards are based on a compressive resistance determined for a member with an initial out-of-straightness and a suitable residual stress pattern. It is shown that the use of an equivalent slenderness ratio equation is sufficient to predict the compressive resistance of these built-up members. Further restrictions on the slenderness ratio of built-up members between interconnectors are not warranted. Thus, the elimination of these requirements from S16.1-94 is justified. Key words: built-up members, codes, compressive resistance, coupled instabilities, equivalent slenderness ratio, interconnectors.

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Temple, Murray C., and Ghada Elmahdy. "Buckling of built-up compression members in the plane of the connectors." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 895–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-122.

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An examination of the requirements for the design of built-up compression members in the North American and European standards and specifications reveals a great variation in the allowable maximum slenderness ratio for an individual main member, and also in the determination of an equivalent slenderness ratio. The requirements of the Canadian standard with regard to the determination of the maximum allowable slenderness ratio of a main member between points of connection can be a bit confusing.This research involved a study of model built-up members that buckled about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the connectors. Twenty-four tests were conducted on model built-up members. The theoretical analysis consisted of a finite element analysis of the model built-up struts. In addition, an equivalent slenderness ratio was calculated by several methods. These equivalent slenderness ratios were then used in conjunction with the requirements of the Canadian standard to calculate a compressive resistance, which was compared with the experimental failure load.From this research on built-up members that buckle about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the connectors it was found that at least two connectors should be used, that the slenderness ratio of the main member between points of connection has a significant effect on the compressive resistance, and that Timoshenko's equivalent slenderness ratio when used in conjunction with the Canadian standard gives results that are in the best agreement with the experimental results. Key words: battens, built-up members, compressive loads, connectors, equivalent slenderness ratio.

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Al-Jeznawi, Duaa, Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed Jais, Bushra S. Albusoda, and Norazlan Khalid. "The slenderness ratio effect on the response of closed-end pipe piles in liquefied and non-liquefied soil layers under coupled static-seismic loading." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0009.

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Abstract This study presents the findings of a 3D finite element modeling on the performance of a single pile under various slenderness ratios (25, 50, 75, 100). These percentages were assigned to cover the most commonly configuration used in such kind of piles. The effect of the soil condition (dry and saturated) on the pile response was also investigated. The pile was modeled as a linear elastic, the surrounded dry soil layers were simulated by adopting a modified Mohr-Coulomb model, and the saturated soil layers were simulated by the modified UBCSAND model. The soil-pile interaction was represented by interface elements with a reduction factor (R) of 0.6 in the loose sand layer and 0.7 in the dense sand layer. The study was compared with the findings of 1g shaking table tests which were performed with a slenderness ratio of 25. In the validation case, there was a clear correlation between the laboratory findings and the numerical analyses. It was observed that the failure mechanism is influenced by the soil condition and the slenderness ratio to some extent. Under the dry soil condition, no base pile deformation was observed; However, tip pile movement was observed under the saturated soil condition with pile slenderness ratios of 25 and 50. The findings of this study are also aimed to include an approximation of the long-term deformations at the ground surface which has experienced shaking.

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Hu, Zhongjun, Quanheng Li, Hongfeng Yan, and Yuchuan Wen. "Experimental Study on Slender CFRP-Confined Circular RC Columns under Axial Compression." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093968.

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The test results on the performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-confined reinforced concrete (RC) columns under axial compression load are presented in this study. Twelve slender CFRP-confined circular RC columns with a diameter of 200 mm were divided into two groups. Six specimens with different slenderness ratios of 12, 20, 32, 40, 48, and 56 were contained in each group. The experimental results demonstrated the circumferential CFRP wrap was effective in enhancing the ultimate axial load of slender CFRP-confined circular RC columns compared with unwrapped RC columns. The experimental investigation also showed that the slenderness of the specimens had important influences on the axial compressive behavior, and the axial bearing capacity of slender CFRP-confined circular RC columns decreased as the slenderness ratio increased. In order to predict the load-carrying capacities of slender CFRP-confined circular RC columns, a formula was proposed and the prediction agreed with the experiments. The slenderness of slender CFRP-confined circular RC columns was recommended to be less than 26.5 in practical engineering.

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Ma, Qing, Jin Song Lei, and Wen Zhi Yin. "Buckling Analysis of Double-Limb Lipped Channel Section Member under Axial Load." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.268.

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Double-limb lipped channel section steel member is formed by connecting two single limb members with bolts in order to improve the buckling performance. In order to research the buckling form and ultimate bearing capacity of members with different slenderness ratios under axial load, nonlinear analysis of buckling performance is done to this kind of section using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The influence on bearing capacity caused by height-breadth ratio of section, height-thickness ratio of web and breadth-thickness ratio of flange is analyzed. The results show that: (1) for larger slenderness ratio, complete buckling occurs to the column mainly and the slenderness ratio has larger influence on buckling bearing capacity, while for smaller slenderness ratio, local distortional buckling occurs more; (2) in a certain range, the increase of height-breadth ratio could raise the ultimate bearing capacity of member, but excessive height-breadth ratio would make the ultimate bearing capacity decrease, (3) the increase of both height-thickness ratio and breadth-thickness ratio would decrease the ultimate bearing capacity.

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29

Noh, Ki-Youl, Byung-Chae Min, Sang-Jin Song, Jang-Sik Yang, Gyung-Min Choi, and Duck-Jool Kim. "Compressor efficiency with cylinder slenderness ratio of rotary compressor at various compression ratios." International Journal of Refrigeration 70 (October 2016): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.020.

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30

Scholz, H. "Plastic design of sway frames with semi-rigid connections using allowable slenderness ratios." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 19, no. 1 (January 1991): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(91)90061-5.

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Chattopadhyay, Ajit Kumar, B. C. Majumdar, and N. S. Rao. "Stability of a Rigid Rotor in Finite Externally Pressurized Oil Journal Bearings With Slip." Journal of Tribology 109, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261356.

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A theoretical analysis has been carried out to determine the stability characteristics of externally pressurized porous oil journal bearings of finite length considering the tangential velocity slip at the bearing-film interface. The stability curves have been drawn for different slip parameters, eccentricity ratios, slenderness ratios, bearing speed parameters etc.

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32

Su, Yu-Chi, and Tse-Yu Cho. "Free vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube based on the nonlocal Timoshenko beam model." Journal of Mechanics 37 (2021): 616–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufab028.

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Abstract Free vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) embedded in an elastic medium is studied on the basis of the nonlocal Timoshenko beam model. Influences of the slenderness ratios, the boundary conditions, the atomic structures and the stiffness of the embedded medium on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of SWCNT are examined. The nonlocal effect is significant for the higher modes of SWCNT with a small slenderness ratio embedded in a soft elastic medium, and it softens the SWCNT except for the fundamental frequency of the clamped–free SWCNT.

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Kotapati, V. K. R., and A. P. Khatri. "Performance of solid steel beam under fire for different beam slenderness." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.523.

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The present work is intended to study the behaviour of solid steel beam (SSB) under the ISO834 fire curve for different beam slenderness when it is subjected to three-sided exposure and four-sided exposure condition. The properly validated finite element based thermo-mechanical analysis is carried out to predict the performance of SSB under elevated temperature. The present study takes into account the transient temperature effect and the geometrical and material non-linearity. The section selected for this study is a universal beam section UB356×127×39. The considered beam slenderness (span to depth ratio) for this study is varied between 15 to 35, as these slenderness are generally preferred in practice. The eccentric hinge-hinge boundary conditions at the bottom flange are applied to the beam and beam is assumed to be laterally supported at top flange all along its length, and the bottom flange is not restrained laterally along its length. The various parameters considered for the present study include: beam slenderness, load ratios, and exposure condition of the beam under uniformly distributed loading. The performance of SSB under fire is compared using mid-span deflection, lateral displacement, limiting deflection, limiting temperature, and fire resistance time of the SSBs. This study depicts that there is a significant effect of beam slenderness on the behavioural aspect of SSB under elevated temperature.

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Fan, Chunyong, Zengliang Li, and Mingchao Du. "The effect of slenderness ratio on water entry." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301064.

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In the paper, the air cavity created by vertical water entry of cylinders with different slenderness ratio (defined as “s=L/D”) is investigated experimentally, theoretically, and computationally. The study is focused on the range of Froude numbers, Fr = V/(gr) 0.5, (12< Fr< 30). Particular attention is given to the effect of slenderness ratios on the surface seal time, the evolution process of the cavities. To understand the water entry physical processes, we conduct several experiments of water entry of different length cylinders. A theory model considering the added mass (induced by the water motion), buoyancy force, gravity, and water-resisting force is developed to predict the relationship between the falling distance and evolution time. Studies show that for the same size bullet the surface seal time of the cavity decreases with the increase of impact speed. Under the identical impact speed, the cavity seal time decreases with the increase of the slenderness ratio. For the consistent impact speed, with the value of “s” increase, the falling distance increase (the same moment). The falling distance captured by the developed theoretical model match with the experimental and numerical data.

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35

Ahmed-Abdullamohamed, A. W., M. K. Kamarudin, and M. M. Yussof. "Numerical Analysis of Crack Propagation in Tubular Glass Column." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012020.

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Abstract The demand for transparency has increased in the construction industry and contemporary architecture over the last decade. The prior researchers focused on glass columns because their uniqueness and transparent characteristics generate an impressive visual feature. Past studies on structural glass entailed numerous experimental investigations, but FEA was applied in a few investigation exercises. This study aims to validate the experimental data and analyse the crack in the tubular glass column and determine the effectiveness of different slenderness ratios of the glass column. This study investigated the column structural behaviour under compression with different geometrical dimensions of hollow section laminated glass columns to determine their load-carrying capacity, buckling performance, and failure mechanism. Finite element analysis using the explicit method was performed by using ABAQUS. The study found that the failure mechanisms depend on the slenderness ratio classified into two failure modes, either buckling or crushing. The glass column failed due to buckling when the slenderness ratio is more than 40, while it failed due to crushing when the slenderness ratio is less than 40. The finite element analysis did not correlate perfectly with the experimental data since the FEA underestimating the glass performance.

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Zhou, Xian Yan, Dan Zeng, and Zhi Feng Wang. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Larch Glulam Columns under Axial Compression." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.38.

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At present, the relevant researches of Glulam columns in China are mainly restricted to short columns. In order to study the mechanical properties of long columns under axial loading, an experimental study on five different slenderness ratios of Larch Glulam columns was carried out. With slenderness ratio changing, the variations of experimental data such as axial strain, lateral deflection at mid-height, ultimate bearing capacity, and peak strain were comparatively analyzed. The failure pattern and failure mechanism of long columns were discussed. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of Larch Glulam columns gradually decreases as the slenderness radio increases and the failure mode is gradually converted from strength failure to instability failure. The ultimate load reduction factor is obtained by regression analysis based on the experiment results of Larch Glulam short columns. The basis for design and application of Larch Glulam columns are provided.

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Janiszewski, Krystian, Bożena Gajdzik, and Andrzej Wyciślik. "The Influence of Slenderness Ratios of Multi-Hole Ceramic Filters from S_F - 1.67 to S_F- 8.36 of Filter Surface on Efficiency of Liquid Steel Refining from Non-Metallic Phase." Solid State Phenomena 212 (December 2013): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.212.205.

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We propose in this publication the introduction of new, additional definition describing the multiple orifice ceramic filters used in research works on the liquid steel filtrations, calling this the filter slenderness ratio. In order to confirm the theoretical assumptions we have performed a series of the laboratory scale experiments (for the filter slenderness ratio SF - 1.67 to SF - 8.36). The influence of the filter slenderness on the filtration process efficiency has been determined through variations in quantities and surface shares of the non-metallic phase in the filtrated steel in relation to the non-filtered steel. We present also the results of researches on the separating surfaces between the liquid steel and the ceramic filter material, which in form of photos and scanning microscope microanalyses are put together in the publication.

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38

Chattopadhyay, Ajit Kumar, and B. C. Majumdar. "On the Stability of a Rigid Rotor in Finite Porous Journal Bearings With Slip." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261159.

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This investigation deals with the stability characteristics of oil filled porous journal bearings of finite length and with velocity slip. The stability curves are drawn for different slip parameters, eccentricity ratios, slenderness ratios, and in the absence of any experimental data, the theoretical results for the solid bearings obtained by this analysis have been compared with the available results of solid bearing.

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39

Suttakul, Pana, Thongchai Fongsamootr, Duy Vo, and Pruettha Nanakorn. "Effects of Shear Deformation of Struts in Hexagonal Lattices on their Effective In-Plane Material Properties." Materials Science Forum 1034 (June 15, 2021): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1034.193.

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Two-dimensional lattices are widely used in many engineering applications. If 2D lattices have large numbers of unit cells, they can be accurately modeled as 2D homogeneous solids having effective material properties. When the slenderness ratios of struts in these 2D lattices are low, the effects of shear deformation on the values of the effective material properties can be significant. This study aims to investigate the effects of shear deformation on the effective material properties of 2D lattices with hexagonal unit cells, by using the homogenization method based on equivalent strain energy. Several topologies of hexagonal unit cells and several slenderness ratios of struts are considered. The effects of struts’ shear deformation on the effective material properties are examined by comparing the results of the present study, in which shear deformation is neglected, with those from the literature, in which shear deformation is included.

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40

Yeo, In Hwan, Bum Yean Cho, Jae Hong An, and Byung Youl Min. "Fire Resistance Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Axial Load Ratio and Slenderness Ratio." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.268.

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Since the column members in buildings deal with both vertical and horizontal loads, appropriated amount of load should be estimated in order to evaluate the fire resistance performance of the columns under loaded condition. However, according to the ISO 834, the international standard for the evaluation of structural members, the fire resistance performance evaluation of column members is only based on the displacement and displacement rate under loaded condition in a standard fire. The purpose of this study is to suggest appropriate axial load ratios for the evaluation of fire resistance performance. The test conducted in this study produced appropriate axial load ratios for different slenderness ratios. They are expected to contribute to more accurate estimation of fire resistance performance and more efficient and cost-effective structural design.

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41

Shaker, Fattouh M. F., Kyrolos Zarzor, Sameh Gaawan, Ahmed Deifalla, and Mohamed Salem. "Evaluation of Axial Compression Slenderness Limits of High and Ultra-High-Strength Steel Circular Hollow Sections." Buildings 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081093.

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Despite significant advances in metallurgy and the potential to create high and ultra-high-strength steel, all international specifications for steel design provide little information about the limits of slenderness for high-strength steel sections (HSSs) and don’t provide anything about the design of ultra-high-strength steel sections (UHSSs). The current international steel codes such as AISC 360-16 and EC3 can be applied only to steel grades up to S690 and S460, respectively, according to their limitations. These approaches for normal-strength steel are used for HSSs and UHSSs without extensive studies to determine their accuracy in these cases. Therefore, it is one of the main objectives of this study. The behavior of high and ultra-high-strength steel circular hollow sections under axial compression load is studied in this research. Sixteen nonlinear finite element (FE) models were generated to replicate stub column tests that were experimentally tested by others in previous research. Hence, a parametric study was conducted using forty FE models developed to investigate the local buckling behavior under various slenderness ratios comprehensively. The developed models covered slenderness ratios ranging from 20 to 1226 and steel grades S460 and S1100 with yield stress equal to 460 MPa and 1152 MPa, respectively. The FE results were combined with 105 previously collected experimental results to assess the applicability of existing codified design methodologies in the Euro code and the North American codes of cold-formed circular hollow sections (CHSs). Based on the results of this study, new cross-section slenderness limits and new design equations for more efficient simple designs were presented for circular hollow sections of HSSs and UHSSs and compared with the results of experimental tests and FE models.

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Yu, Feng, Jie Song, Shuangshuang Bu, Jingfeng Wang, Haiying Wan, Wanyu Shen, Wei Huang, and Yuan Fang. "Bearing Capacity of Recycled Self-Compacting Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubular Long Columns Subjected to Axial Load." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4170705.

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To investigate the ultimate bearing capacity and deformation of the recycled self-compacting concrete-filled circular steel tubular (RSCCFCST) long columns subjected to axial load, nine specimens with different recycled self-compacting concrete (RSCC) strength grades and slenderness ratios are tested. The experimental results indicate that the lateral deflection dominates the buckling failure of the specimens. The ultimate bearing capacity of the specimens is enhanced gradually as the RSCC strength grade increases but decreases as the slenderness ratio rises. The load-strain curves are linear and basically coincide at the elastic stage. The decrease in the slenderness ratio or increase in the RSCC strength grade contributes to the improvement of the stiffness and ultimate circumferential and axial strains of the columns gradually. Based on the combined tangent modulus theory and bearing capacity of the RSCCFCST short columns, two estimation models are presented to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of the RSCCFCST long columns. Additionally, comparisons between the calculation results of the ultimate strength demonstrate that the prediction models established in this study are more accurate than the other specifications mentioned.

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Emami, Ebrahim, Ali Kheyroddin, and Omid Rezaifar. "Eccentricity and slenderness ratio effects of arched steel haunches subjected to cyclic loading; experimental study." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 6 (February 23, 2022): 1339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211063677.

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This paper investigated the cyclic performance of arched steel haunches as a new strategy in the seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete frames and focused on the slenderness ratio effect. A series of cyclic loading were conducted on six test specimens in two groups with the same nominal length and different axial eccentricities of 0.1 and 0.2 nominal length and with out-of-plane slenderness ratios of 138, 69, and 16. Experimental results indicated that the slenderness ratio played a very important role on cyclic performance in compression and even tension, so that a more desirable hysteretic behavior was achieved when the overall buckling potential was restricted. Therefore, by reducing this ratio, the maximum compressive and tensile strengths increased up to 1.78 and 1.28 times, respectively, and also the dissipated energy and maximum viscous damping upgraded up to 3.32 and 1.43 times, respectively. More difference in tensile and compressive behavior for ultimate strength and plastic stiffness was observed, when the initial eccentricity decreased. Also, with twice increase in the initial eccentricity, the cross-sectional area effect on the maximum strength and plastic stiffness decreased, especially in tension, so that despite the same slenderness ratio and 70% increase in cross-sectional area, these values in tension descended up to 1.31 and 3.5 times, respectively. In addition, the compressive plastic stiffness degraded about 77% due to more degradation in plastic strength.

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44

Cox, S. J. "Tubular Conical Columns for Offshore Structures." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920115.

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We examine submerged nonlinear tubular columns with slenderness ratios between 40 and 160 and ratios of diameter to thickness between 20 and 50. We demonstrate that the column’s Euler buckling load can be increased nearly 30 percent by a volume preserving taper of only a few degrees. We determine the effect of hydrostatic pressure and self-weight on such conical columns and offer some preliminary remarks on the role played by model imperfections.

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Lin, C. C. "Finite Width Effects on the Critical Speed of Axially Moving Materials." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893874.

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An exact solution is provided to determine the effects of the free end boundary conditions and the slenderness ratios on the critical speed of two dimensional, axially moving materials. The axially moving beam theory and the mathematical, two-dimensional model with all edges simply supported are also considered for comparison.

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Ezeberry, Javier Ignacio, and Daniel Ambrosini. "Identification of defects in piles with high slenderness ratios using dynamic response to impulse loads." International Journal of Lifecycle Performance Engineering 1, no. 4 (2014): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlcpe.2014.064101.

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47

Siddiqui, Nadeem, Husain Abbas, Tarek Almusallam, Abobaker Binyahya, and Yousef Al-Salloum. "Compression behavior of FRP-strengthened RC square columns of varying slenderness ratios under eccentric loading." Journal of Building Engineering 32 (November 2020): 101512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101512.

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48

Xie, Pan, Tao Jiang, Guan Lin, Lijuan Li, and Yongchang Guo. "Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns of varying slenderness ratios under eccentric compression." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 201 (February 2023): 107741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107741.

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Mansour, Alaa, and Tarek Elsayed. "Reliability-Based Allowable Unfairness Tolerances for Unstiffened Plates." Journal of Ship Research 43, no. 04 (December 1, 1999): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1999.43.4.255.

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A procedure and a simple formula have been developed for determining the maximum allowable plating unfairness tolerance in ship panels. The formula is based on reliability assessment of strength of unstiffened plates having initial imperfections. Plate ultimate strength is determined by taking into account the effects of initial deflections and residual stresses. A series of plate reliability analyses relative to the ultimate strength failure, for varying plate unfairness, and aspect and slenderness ratios, is carried out. Based on the computed results, a simple expression for predicting the maximum allowable unfairness tolerance of the plate is derived. The developed expression, described in terms of the plate slenderness ratio, can be useful for the assessment of unfairness limits of plating between frames in ship structures.

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Papazafeiropoulos, George, Quang-Viet Vu, Viet-Son Nguyen, and Viet-Hung Truong. "Optimum location of a single longitudinal stiffener with various cross-section shapes of steel plate girders under bending loading." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - HUCE 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.huce(nuce)2022-16(2)-06.

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This paper aims at investigating the optimum location of a single longitudinal stiffener having various cross-section types of steel plate girders subjected to bending loading. The optimum location is found using a gradient-based Interior-Point (IP) optimization algorithm. The optimization procedure involves a linear elastic buckling analysis with the finite element method, which is coupled with the aforementioned IP algorithm and used to calculate the buckling coefficient, which is maximized. Based on the optimization results, the effect of the various cross-section types of the stiffener and the web slenderness ratio on the optimum stiffener position is investigated. It is found that closed cross-sections of the stiffener and larger web slenderness ratios lead to higher critical buckling coefficients.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Slenderness ration'

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