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Journal articles on the topic 'Slight bias'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Thoemmes, Felix. "M-bias, Butterfly Bias, and Butterfly Bias with Correlated Causes – A Comment on Ding and Miratrix (2015)." Journal of Causal Inference 3, no. 2 (2015): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2015-0012.

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AbstractDing and Miratrix [1] recently concluded that adjustment on a pre-treatment covariate is almost always preferable to reduce bias. I extend the examined parameter space of the models considered by Ding and Miratrix, and consider slight extensions of their models as well. Similar to the conclusion by Pearl [7], I identify constellations in which bias due to adjustment, or failing to adjust is symmetrical, but also confirm some findings of Ding and Miratrix.

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2

Puskás, László G., Ágnes Zvara, László Hackler, and Paul Van Hummelen. "RNA Amplification Results in Reproducible Microarray Data with Slight Ratio Bias." BioTechniques 32, no. 6 (2002): 1330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/02326mt04.

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3

Elijah, Adesanya ADEFISAN* &. Ezekiel YUSUF. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FOG OCCURRENCES OVER A SOUTHERN PART OF NIGERIA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 5, no. 8 (2018): 134–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1405414.

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Numerical prediction of fog evolution remains difficult due to its complex processes that requires adequate representation of the local perturbations in weather models despite the progress made in advance weather prediction models. The performance and sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in reproducing fog episodes over Akwa Ibom international airport (AKIA) Nigeria for the first time in West Africa was studied. Some real cases of radiation fog over AKIA were simulated using a set of parameterization schemes to simulate warm fog and visibility limits. Seven fog event

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Gingery, James R., Ahmed Elgamal, and Jonathan D. Bray. "Response Spectra at Liquefaction Sites during Shallow Crustal Earthquakes." Earthquake Spectra 31, no. 4 (2015): 2325–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/101813eqs272m.

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Site amplification studies and building code provisions recognize that soil liquefaction can alter the characteristics of ground shaking at a site. However, guidance as to how the amplitudes of spectral accelerations are modified is lacking. In this paper, available recorded ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes at sites that exhibited evidence of liquefaction are investigated. Analysis of residuals computed relative to Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) estimates reveal positive bias at longer periods, slight negative bias at intermediate periods, and slight positive bias at short pe

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5

Bradshaw, Scott D. "Impression Management and the Neo Five-Factor Inventory: Cause for Concern?" Psychological Reports 80, no. 3 (1997): 832–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3.832.

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Two studies examined whether NEO Five-Factor Inventory profiles might be biased by management of impression. In the studies, participants (83 women and 43 women, 14 men) completed a measure of the five factors of personality under complete anonymity and then completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory under either complete anonymity or under conditions intended to motivate impression management. No effects were found in Study 1, but slight effects were found in Study 2. Findings suggest conditions which create a strong motivation for impression management could slightly bias the profiles; however,

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6

Yang, Xinran. "Gender Bias in Imprisonment Decisions of Intentional Spousal Homicide in China." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 21 (February 15, 2023): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v21i.3486.

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Spousal homicide has become one of China's most common forms of femicide. Therefore, the investigation of systematic gender bias and gender in-group bias in imprisonment decisions is conducted in this study to explore the fairness and impartiality of the Chinese judicial system. Fifty random intentional spousal homicide cases in China are analysed using the context analysis method. The study found a large similarity between the judicial decision made by female and male judges; however, male plaintiffs have a larger chance of receiving sentences of life imprisonment and the death penalty from j

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7

Olberding, Amy. "Subclinical Bias, Manners, and Moral Harm." Hypatia 29, no. 2 (2014): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12026.

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Mundane and often subtle forms of bias generate harms that can be fruitfully understood as akin to the harms evident in rudeness. Although subclinical expressions of bias are not mere rudeness, like rudeness they often manifest through the breach of mannerly norms for social cooperation and collaboration. At a basic level, the perceived harm of mundane forms of bias often has much to do with feeling oneself unjustly or arbitrarily cut out of a group, a group that cooperates and collaborates but does not do so with me. Appealing to the subtle but familiar choreography of mannered social interac

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8

Franchi, Jimmy, Martin Domeij, and Kwang Won Lee. "1200 V SiC MOSFETs with Stable V_TH under High Temperature Gate Bias Stress." Materials Science Forum 963 (July 2019): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.963.753.

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In this work, threshold voltage drift of SiC MOSFET devices have been investigated. The drift during positive gate bias application was found to be moderate for three commercial grade devices, while the results for negative gate bias application differ widely. We demonstrate ON Semiconductor SiC MOSFETs with threshold voltage stability under both positive and negative bias stress due to an improved gate oxide process, and the influence of high field stress on the threshold voltage is additionally discussed. A long term transient high temperature gate bias stress is shown to cause a slight posi

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9

Zhang, Rui, Yanmei Liu, Chongyang Wang, Fengting Cao, Qixiang Fan, and Tiegang Wang. "Structure and Properties of Arc Ion Plating Deposited AlCrSiN Coatings Controlled by Pulsed Bias Voltage." Metals 13, no. 8 (2023): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13081448.

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AlCrSiN coatings are promising protective candidates for cutting and forming tools. During the coating deposition process, the microstructure and properties of the coatings were dramatically affected by bias voltages. To further optimize and enhance the AlCrSiN coating, a series of coatings were deposited at different pulse bias voltages using arc ion plating technology. By virtue of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scratch method, OCP, EIS, and other analytical methods, the effects of the pulse bias voltage on the crystal structure, microstructure, and mechanical, tribological

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10

Smith, L. L., and J. C. Gille. "Validation of the Aura High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder geopotential heights." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 8 (2014): 2775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2775-2014.

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Abstract. The geopotential height (GPH) product created from global observations by the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instrument on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura spacecraft is discussed. The accuracy, resolution and precision of the HIRDLS version 7 algorithms are assessed and data screening recommendations are made. Comparisons with GPH from observations, reanalyses and models including European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP

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Giese, Benjamin S., Gennady A. Chepurin, James A. Carton, Tim P. Boyer, and Howard F. Seidel. "Impact of Bathythermograph Temperature Bias Models on an Ocean Reanalysis." Journal of Climate 24, no. 1 (2011): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3534.1.

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Abstract Historical bathythermograph datasets are known to be biased, and there have been several efforts to model this bias. Three different correction models of temperature bias in the historical bathythermograph dataset are compared here: the steady model of Hanawa et al. and the time-dependent models of Levitus et al. and Wijffels et al. The impact of these different models is examined in the context of global analysis experiments using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation system. The results show that the two time-dependent bias models significantly reduce warm bias in global heat content,

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12

Martin, Benjamin E. "Differences in proportional claw size among left- and right-handed Atlantic sand fiddler crabs Leptuca pugilator (Bosc, 1801) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 39, no. 6 (2019): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz067.

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Abstract The sexually dimorphic, enlarged major claw is a prominent feature among fiddler crabs and acts as both a sexual signal and weapon. Most often the enlarged claw occurs on the left and right sides of fiddler crabs in relatively even proportions (40–60%), but populations exhibit an extreme right handedness bias (> 90%) in a few cases. The mechanisms maintaining relatively even handedness proportions among fiddler crabs remains debatable, but from an evolutionary perspective it should be maintained through an evenness in fitness (reproduction and survival) between left- and right-hand

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13

Christiansen, Bradley D., Eric R. Heller, Ronald A. Coutu, Ramakrishna Vetury, and Jeffrey B. Shealy. "A Very Robust AlGaN/GaN HEMT Technology to High Forward Gate Bias and Current." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/493239.

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Reports to date of GaN HEMTs subjected to forward gate bias stress include varied extents of degradation. We report an extremely robust GaN HEMT technology that survived—contrary to conventional wisdom—high forward gate bias (+6 V) and current (>1.8 A/mm) for >17.5 hours exhibiting only a slight change in gate diode characteristic, little decrease in maximum drain current, with only a 0.1 V positive threshold voltage shift, and, remarkably, a persisting breakdown voltage exceeding 200 V.

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14

Lavy, Edith H., and Marcel A. van den Hout. "Attentional Bias for Appetitive Cues: Effects of Fasting in Normal Subjects." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 21, no. 4 (1993): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800011632.

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A long series of earlier studies demonstrated that fearful subjects selectively allocate attention to sources of perceived threat. Such attentional bias may not be limited to negative cues. It is hypothesized that attentional bias serves to enhance early identification of action-relevant cues and that such bias also occurs when subjects are confronted with positive valenced cues that evoke an urge to act immediately. In order to determine whether or not the attentional bias effect is limited to unpleasant stimuli, we studied the effects of 24 hours of fasting, focusing our attention on a possi

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15

Smith, L. L., and J. C. Gille. "Validation of the Aura High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder geopotential heights." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 2 (2014): 1001–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-1001-2014.

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Abstract. Global satellite observations from the EOS Aura spacecraft's High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) of temperature and geopotential height (GPH) are discussed. The accuracy, resolution and precision of the HIRDLS version 7 algorithms are assessed and data screening recommendations are made. Comparisons with GPH from observations, reanalyses and models including European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis, Goddard Earth Observin

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16

Lelis, Aivars J., Daniel B. Habersat, Ronald Green, and Neil Goldsman. "Temperature-Dependence of SiC MOSFET Threshold-Voltage Instability." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.807.

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We have observed variations in the instability in the threshold voltage, VT, of SiC metaloxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) from various sources and/or processes due to gate-bias stressing as a function of temperature. In some cases we see a dramatic increase in the instability with increasing temperature, consistent with interfacial charge trapping or de-trapping. In other cases the temperature response is very slight, and in still other cases we actually see VT instabilities that move in the opposite direction with bias, indicating the presence of mobile ions.

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17

Selvaprakash Ramalingam. "Advanced geospatial analytics for evapotranspiration dynamics: Integration of Sentinel-1A and FAO Penman-Monteith method." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 13, no. 2 (2024): 3481–92. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2581.

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Evapotranspiration (ET0) is vital for agriculture and environmental management, facing challenges from climate change. Optical remote sensing overcomes reliance on weather station data. The modeled ET0 using the FAO Penman-Monteith method and Partial Least Squares Regression on Sentinel-1A data with 2016-2017 meteorological archives. Comparative analyses revealed stability in transportation areas within deciduous forests and wetlands, contrasting temporal variations. ET0 was significantly influenced by relative humidity (RH) (70.80% to 89.89%), with temperature (T) playing a crucial role. Urba

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18

Kuhner, Mary K., Jon Yamato, and Joseph Felsenstein. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Population Growth Rates Based on the Coalescent." Genetics 149, no. 1 (1998): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.1.429.

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Abstract We describe a method for co-estimating 4Neμ (four times the product of effective population size and neutral mutation rate) and population growth rate from sequence samples using Metropolis-Hastings sampling. Population growth (or decline) is assumed to be exponential. The estimates of growth rate are biased upwards, especially when 4Neμ is low; there is also a slight upwards bias in the estimate of 4Neμ itself due to correlation between the parameters. This bias cannot be attributed solely to Metropolis-Hastings sampling but appears to be an inherent property of the estimator and is

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19

Chen, Wen-Ray, and You-Sheng Luo. "A Screen Method for the Mass-Production of the Small-Size and Side-View LED Package." Crystals 8, no. 9 (2018): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8090350.

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In this study, the small-size and side-view LED packages used in the backlight modules were examined by performing the electrostatic discharge (ESD) process. The high voltages used for the ESD process were 2 kV, 3 kV, and 4 kV. After ESD, the current–voltage curves were scanned from −7 V to 3 V. It was found that the significant leakage currents were in the reverse bias of 4 V~7 V and also in the forward bias of 1 V~2.5 V for ESD-damaged LED chips. However, the phenomenon of a slight increase in current was not found for the non-damaged samples. In our study case, the screening conditions coul

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20

Hey, Jody, and Richard M. Kliman. "Interactions Between Natural Selection, Recombination and Gene Density in the Genes of Drosophila." Genetics 160, no. 2 (2002): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.2.595.

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AbstractIn Drosophila, as in many organisms, natural selection leads to high levels of codon bias in genes that are highly expressed. Thus codon bias is an indicator of the intensity of one kind of selection that is experienced by genes and can be used to assess the impact of other genomic factors on natural selection. Among 13,000 genes in the Drosophila genome, codon bias has a slight positive, and strongly significant, association with recombination—as expected if recombination allows natural selection to act more efficiently when multiple linked sites segregate functional variation. The sa

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21

Joseph, Olivia Rochelle, Stuart W. Flint, Rianna Raymond-Williams, Rossby Awadzi, and Judith Johnson. "Understanding Healthcare Students’ Experiences of Racial Bias: A Narrative Review of the Role of Implicit Bias and Potential Interventions in Educational Settings." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312771.

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Implicit racial bias is a persistent and pervasive challenge within healthcare education and training settings. A recent systematic review reported that 84% of included studies (31 out of 37) showed evidence of slight to strong pro-white or light skin tone bias amongst healthcare students and professionals. However, there remains a need to improve understanding about its impact on healthcare students and how they can be better supported. This narrative review provides an overview of current evidence regarding the role of implicit racial bias within healthcare education, considering trends, fac

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22

Zaharieva, Dessi P., Ananta Addala, Priya Prahalad, et al. "An Evaluation of Point-of-Care HbA1c, HbA1c Home Kits, and Glucose Management Indicator: Potential Solutions for Telehealth Glycemic Assessments." Diabetology 3, no. 3 (2022): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3030037.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer in-person clinic visits resulted in fewer point-of-care (POC) HbA1c measurements. In this sub-study, we assessed the performance of alternative glycemic measures that can be obtained remotely, such as HbA1c home kits and Glucose Management Indicator (GMI) values from Dexcom Clarity. Home kit HbA1c (n = 99), GMI, (n = 88), and POC HbA1c (n = 32) were collected from youth with T1D (age 9.7 ± 4.6 years). Bland–Altman analyses and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (𝜌c) were used to characterize the agreement between paired HbA1c measures. Both the HbA1c

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Liu, Zhenyu, Haowen Hou, Lanhui Zhang, and Bin Hu. "Event-Based Bias Correction of the GPM IMERG V06 Product by Random Forest Method over Mainland China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (2022): 3859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163859.

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The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) IMERG V06 product showed excellent performance in detecting precipitation, but still have room to improve. This study proposed an event-based bias correction strategy through random forest (RF) method to improve accuracy of the GPM IMERG V06 product over mainland China. Results showed that, over mainland China, biases caused by ‘hits’ events are most responsible for the errors of the GPM product, and ‘falseAlarms’ events took the least responsibility for that because of the small GPM values for ‘falseAlarms’ events. Compared with the raw GPM product,

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Burma, Joel S., James K. Griffiths, Andrew P. Lapointe, et al. "Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Rate Variability: Do Anatomical Location and Sampling Rate Matter?" Sensors 24, no. 7 (2024): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072048.

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Wearable technology and neuroimaging equipment using photoplethysmography (PPG) have become increasingly popularized in recent years. Several investigations deriving pulse rate variability (PRV) from PPG have demonstrated that a slight bias exists compared to concurrent heart rate variability (HRV) estimates. PPG devices commonly sample at ~20–100 Hz, where the minimum sampling frequency to derive valid PRV metrics is unknown. Further, due to different autonomic innervation, it is unknown if PRV metrics are harmonious between the cerebral and peripheral vasculature. Cardiac activity via electr

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Kannawadi, Arun, Erik Rosenberg, and Henk Hoekstra. "Mitigating the effects of undersampling in weak lensing shear estimation with metacalibration." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 3 (2021): 4048–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab211.

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ABSTRACT metacalibration is a state-of-the-art technique for measuring weak gravitational lensing shear from well-sampled galaxy images. We investigate the accuracy of shear measured with metacalibration from fitting elliptical Gaussians to undersampled galaxy images. In this case, metacalibration introduces aliasing effects leading to an ensemble multiplicative shear bias about 0.01 for Euclid and even larger for the Roman Space Telescope, well exceeding the missions’ requirements. We find that this aliasing bias can be mitigated by computing shapes from weighted moments with wider Gaussians

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Liu, Jieli, and Haining Wang. "Assessing Gender and Racial Bias in Large Language Model‐Powered Virtual Reference." Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (2024): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pra2.1061.

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ABSTRACTTo examine whether integrating large language models (LLMs) into library reference services can provide equitable services to users regardless of gender and race, we simulated interactions using names indicative of gender and race to evaluate biases across three different sizes of the Llama 2 model. Tentative results indicated that gender test accuracy (54.9%) and racial bias test accuracy (28.5%) are approximately at chance level, suggesting LLM‐powered reference services can provide equitable services. However, word frequency analysis showed some slight differences in language use ac

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Cooper, Natalie, Alexander L. Bond, Joshua L. Davis, Roberto Portela Miguez, Louise Tomsett, and Kristofer M. Helgen. "Sex biases in bird and mammal natural history collections." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1913 (2019): 20192025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2025.

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Natural history specimens are widely used across ecology, evolutionary biology and conservation. Although biological sex may influence all of these areas, it is often overlooked in large-scale studies using museum specimens. If collections are biased towards one sex, studies may not be representative of the species. Here, we investigate sex ratios in over two million bird and mammal specimen records from five large international museums. We found a slight bias towards males in birds (40% females) and mammals (48% females), but this varied among orders. The proportion of female specimens has no

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Luo, Xue Lian, Jian Guo Xu, and Chang Yun Ye. "Analysis of synonymous codon usage inShigella flexneri2a strain 301 and otherShigellaandEscherichia colistrains." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, no. 12 (2011): 1016–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-095.

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In this study, we analysed synonymous codon usage in Shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 (Sf301) and performed a comparative analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in Sf301 and other strains of Shigella and Escherichia coli . Although there was a significant variety in codon usage bias among different Sf301 genes, there was a slight but observable codon usage bias that could primarily be attributable to mutational pressure and translational selection. In addition, the relative abundance of dinucleotides in Sf301 was observed to be independent of the overall base composition but was still caus

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Zhang, Shuai, Xiaoman Zhao, Changwei Yuan, and Xiu Wang. "Technological Bias and Its Influencing Factors in Sustainable Development of China’s Transportation." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145704.

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The bias of technological progress, particularly relating to energy saving and carbon emissions reduction, plays a significant role in the sustainable development of transportation, and has not yet received sufficient attention. The objectives of this paper were to examine the bias of technological change (BTC), input-biased technological change (IBTC), and output-biased technological change (OBTC), and their influencing factors in the sustainable development of China’s regional transportation industry from 2005 to 2017. A slack-based measure (SBM) Malmquist productivity index was adopted to m

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Christy, John R., Roy W. Spencer, and Elena S. Lobl. "Analysis of the Merging Procedure for the MSU Daily Temperature Time Series." Journal of Climate 11, no. 8 (1998): 2016–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-11.8.2016.

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Abstract The merging procedure utilized to generate homogeneous time series of three deep-layer atmospheric temperature products from the nine microwave sounding units (MSUs) is described. A critically important aspect in the process is determining and removing the bias each instrument possesses relative to a common base (here being NOAA-6). Special attention is given to the lower-tropospheric layer and the calculation of the bias of the NOAA-9 MSU and its rather considerable impact on the trend of the overall time series. We show that the bias is best calculated by a direct comparison between

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CHANG, M. N., C. Y. CHEN, F. M. PAN, T. Y. CHANG, and T. F. LEI. "SCANNING PROBE ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS INDUCED BY SLIGHT IRON CONTAMINATION ON THERMALLY OXIDIZED p-TYPE SILICON WAFERS." International Journal of Nanoscience 02, no. 04n05 (2003): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x03001383.

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In this article, we have demonstrated the investigation of scanning probe microscopy on the defects induced by slight iron contamination on p-type Si wafers with ultrathin thermal oxide layer. Using scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) associated with atomic force microscopy, it is revealed that iron contamination induces interface traps, which significantly perturb the depletion behavior of the silicon surface. Moreover, experimental results also indicate that iron contamination leads to the lifetime decrease and the density increase of minority carriers in the defect region. From the dC/dV–

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Schiller, Joan H., Chris J. Bowden, Jennifer Mills, et al. "Explicit and implicit attitudes toward lung cancer (LC) relative to breast cancer (BC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 8017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.8017.

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8017 Background: Emerging research suggests that LC may be associated with greater levels of stigma, shame and hopelessness compared to other cancers. This study measured explicit, conscious attitudes (EAs) and used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess implicit, unconscious attitudes (IAs) of LC relative to BC. Methods: To assess EAs, participants (Ps), [people with cancer (n=243), caregivers (n=677), healthcare providers (HCPs, n=142), and the general public (n=864)] were asked to rate their agreement, on a six-point scale, with statements about how people with LC and BC “do feel” (d

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Roads, JO, K. Ueyoshi, SC Chen, J. Alpert, and F. Fujioka. "Medium-range fire weather forecasts." International Journal of Wildland Fire 1, no. 3 (1991): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9910159.

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The forecast skill of theNational Meteorological Center's medium range forecast (MRF) numerical forecasts of fire weather variables is assessed for the period June 1,1988 to May 31,1990. Near-surface virtual temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and a derived fire weather index (FWI) are forecast well by the MRF model. However, forecast relative humidity has a wet bias during the winter and a slight dry bias during the summer, which has noticeable impact on forecasts of the derived fire weather index. The FWI forecasts are also strongly affected by near-surface wind forecast errors. Still

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Horton, David R. "DIURNAL PATTERNS IN YELLOW TRAP CATCH OF PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE): DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXES AND MORPHOTYPES." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 4 (1993): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125761-4.

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AbstractDiumal patterns in yellow sticky trap catch of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, are described for the spring (reproductive) winterform generation, summerforms, and the fall (diapausing/dispersing) winterform generation. For each life stage, trap catch of the two sexes is also compared, and sex ratios on sticky traps are contrasted with independent estimates of population sex ratio obtained by beat tray samples. Beat tray estimates of sex ratio showed a slight male bias for both winterform generations (although P = 0.09 for spring winterforms), and a female bias for the summer

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Nawaz, M. Omar, Jeremiah Johnson, Greg Yarwood, Benjamin de Foy, Laura Judd, and Daniel L. Goldberg. "An intercomparison of satellite, airborne, and ground-level observations with WRF–CAMx simulations of NO₂ columns over Houston, Texas, during the September 2021 TRACER-AQ campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 11 (2024): 6719–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6719-2024.

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Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a precursor of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) – two pollutants that are above regulatory guidelines in many cities. Bringing urban areas into compliance of these regulatory standards motivates an understanding of the distribution and sources of NO2 through observations and simulations. The TRACER-AQ campaign, conducted in Houston, Texas, in September 2021, provided a unique opportunity to compare observed NO2 columns from ground-, airborne-, and satellite-based spectrometers. In this study, we investigate how these observational datasets comp

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Jensen, David, and Sarah C. Millholland. "Inferred Properties of Planets in Mean-motion Resonances are Biased by Measurement Noise." Astronomical Journal 164, no. 4 (2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac86c5.

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Abstract Planetary systems with mean-motion resonances hold special value in terms of their dynamical complexity and their capacity to constrain planet formation and migration histories. The key toward making these connections, however, is to have a reliable characterization of the resonant dynamics, especially the so-called “libration amplitude,” which qualitatively measures how deep the system is into the resonance. In this work, we identify an important complication with the interpretation of libration amplitude estimates from observational data of resonant systems. Specifically, we show th

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O'Brien, T. A., P. Y. Chuang, L. C. Sloan, I. C. Faloona, and D. L. Rossiter. "Coupling a new turbulence parametrization to RegCM adds realistic stratocumulus clouds." Geoscientific Model Development 5, no. 4 (2012): 989–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-989-2012.

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Abstract. To model stratocumulus clouds in the regional climate model, RegCM4.1, the University of Washington (UW) turbulence parametrization has been coupled to RegCM. We describe improvements in RegCM's coastal and near-coastal climatology, including improvements in the representation of stratiform clouds. By comparing output from a 27-yr (1982–2009) simulation of the climate of western North America to a wide variety of observational data (station data, satellite data, and aircraft in situ data), we show the following: (1) RegCM-UW is appropriate for use in general regional climate studies,

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O'Brien, T. A., P. Y. Chuang, L. C. Sloan, I. C. Faloona, and D. L. Rossiter. "Coupling a new turbulence parametrization to RegCM adds realistic stratocumulus clouds." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 4, no. 4 (2011): 3437–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-4-3437-2011.

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Abstract. To model stratocumulus clouds in the regional climate model, RegCM4.1, the University of Washington (UW) turbulence parametrization has been coupled to RegCM. We describe improvements in RegCM's coastal and near-coastal climatology, including improvements in the representation of stratiform clouds. By comparing output from a 27-yr (1982–2009) simulation of the climate of Western North America to a wide variety of observational data (station data, satellite data, and aircraft in situ data), we show the following: (1) RegCM-UW is appropriate for use in general regional climate studies,

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Chathuranika, Imiya M., and Dalya Ismael. "Integrating Satellite-Based Precipitation Analysis: A Case Study in Norfolk, Virginia." Eng 6, no. 3 (2025): 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6030049.

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In many developing cities, the scarcity of adequate observed precipitation stations, due to constraints such as limited space, urban growth, and maintenance challenges, compromises data reliability. This study explores the use of satellite-based precipitation products (SbPPs) as a solution to supplement missing data over the long term, thereby enabling more accurate environmental analysis and decision-making. Specifically, the effectiveness of SbPPs in Norfolk, Virginia, is assessed by comparing them with observed precipitation data from Norfolk International Airport (NIA) using common bias ad

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Krajcar Bronić, Ines, Nada Horvatinčić, Bogomil Obelić, and Romana Bristrović. "Radiocarbon Intercomparison Studies at the Rudjer Bošković Institute." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200031374.

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The Radiocarbon Tritium Laboratory at the Rudjer Bošković Institute participated in all three radiocarbon intercomparison studies. The first International Collaborative Study (ICS) showed that the age of organic samples measured at our laboratory is ca. 70 yr younger than the median ICS value. After introducing a slight modification in our chemical pretreatment procedure by acidifying samples after alkaline treatment, we obtained excellent agreement between our results and the median values reported by two subsequent intercomparisons (IAEA, TIRI) without any laboratory bias.

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Niaz, Atif Khan, Woong Lee, SeungCheol Yang, and Hyung-Tae Lim. "Tracing Resistances of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer during Long-term Stability Tests." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2021): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.00094.

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In this study, an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) cell was operated for ~1000 h at a voltage bias of 1.95 V. Impedance spectra were regularly measured every ~ 100 h, and changes in the ohmic and non-ohmic resistance were traced as a function of time. While there was relatively little change in the I–V curves and the total cell resistance during the long-term test, we observed various electrochemical phenomena in the cell: 1) initial activation with a decrease in both ohmic and non-ohmic resistance; 2) momentary and non-permanent bubble resistance (non-ohmic resistance) depen

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Barros, Camila dos Santos de, Nuria Pistón, Ana Cláudia Delciellos, and Melina de Souza Leite. "IS OECOLOGIA AUSTRALIS PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN ITS REVIEW PROCESS?" Oecologia Australis 25, no. 03 (2021): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2503.01.

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Following recent evidence on gender bias at the publishing process in sciences, we present here a view on Oecologia Australis section editors, reviewers, and authors gender ratios to understand the patterns in this journal, improving the data assessment and discussions on this topic. We found that women section editors tended to accept more women than men first-authored manuscripts. There was also a slight tendency of men editors to invite proportionally more men as reviewers. There was no difference in the gender of the first author on the submitted manuscripts, although there is a tendency o

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Chan, Fong, Daniel W. Wong, David A. Rosenthal, Madan M. Kundu, and Alo Dutta. "Eligibility Rates of Traditionally Underserved Individuals with Disabilities Revisited: A Data Mining Approach." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 36, no. 3 (2005): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.36.3.3.

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In this study we used a data mining approach to examine factors affecting eligibility decision-making in the vocational rehabilitation process. Severity of disability was found to be the most important variable differentiating individuals who were accepted from those who were rejected for vocational rehabilitation services. Individuals with severe disabilities had a significantly higher rate for acceptance (93%) than people without severe disabilities (55%). Race was found to be a slight differentiating factor in eligibility decisions. This study found that the prevalence and opportunity for r

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Grill, A., S. Guilley, V. Patel, and K. Babich. "Effects of precursor additives on the stability of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited a-GeC(O):H films." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 2 (2002): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0052.

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Germanium- and carbon-based films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from tetramethylgermane (TMGe) with additions of oxygen, hydrogen, or argon. The index of refraction, extinction coefficient, and optical gap and Fourier transform infrared spectra of the films were measured as well as their stability in regular ambiance. It was found that the films deposited from pure TMGe were stable in time only if deposited at a negative bias above −250 V direct current. Films deposited at a bias of −150 V direct current could be stabilized by significant additions of oxygen to th

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WAKELEY, JOHN. "Using the variance of pairwise differences to estimate the recombination rate." Genetical Research 69, no. 1 (1997): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672396002571.

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A new estimator is proposed for the parameter C=4Nc, where N is the population size and c is the recombination rate in a finite population model without selection. The estimator is an improved version of Hudson's (1987) estimator, which takes advantage of some recent theoretical developments. The improvement is slight, but the smaller bias and standard error of the new estimator support its use. The variance of the average number of pairwise differences is also derived, and is important in the formulation of the new estimator.

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Bohn, Theodore J., Mergia Y. Sonessa, and Dennis P. Lettenmaier. "Seasonal Hydrologic Forecasting: Do Multimodel Ensemble Averages Always Yield Improvements in Forecast Skill?" Journal of Hydrometeorology 11, no. 6 (2010): 1358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jhm1267.1.

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Abstract Multimodel techniques have proven useful in improving forecast skill in many applications, including hydrology. Seasonal hydrologic forecasting in large basins represents a special case of hydrologic modeling, in which postprocessing techniques such as temporal aggregation and time-varying bias correction are often employed to improve forecast skill. To investigate the effects that these techniques have on the performance of multimodel averaging, the performance of three hydrological models [Variable Infiltration Capacity, Sacramento/Snow-17, and the Noah land surface model] and two m

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Rabenimanana, Toky, Fehmi Najar, Mehdi Ghommem, Vincent Walter, and Najib Kacem. "On the equivalence between mass perturbation and DC voltage bias in coupled MEMS resonators: Theoretical and experimental investigation." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 2 (2022): 024502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0097377.

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In this work, we consider MEMS devices made of mechanically coupled microbeams under electric actuation. We conduct an experimental study to identify the occurrence of veering and then investigate its dynamic response for different electric actuations. A slight change in the DC voltage bias from the veering point is observed to affect significantly the frequency response. Indeed, jump to large orbits occurred when perturbing the applied DC voltage while operating near the cyclic-fold bifurcation point. We also develop and validate a mathematical model to simulate the response of the device. Th

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D’Arrigo, G., and C. Spinella. "High Resolution Measurements of Two-dimensional Dopant Diffusion in Silicon." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, no. 3 (2000): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600000398.

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AbstractWe report detailed experimental results on the electrochemical selective etching of doped Si. By using transmission electron microscopy analyses and spreading resistance measurements we investigated the dependence of the etching selectivity on the different parameters of the electrochemical cell, i.e., bias voltage and chemical solution. In B-doped samples immersed in buffered HF, the increase of bias voltage from 0.5 to 1 V produces a slight improvement of the etching selectivity and a B concentration as low as 1 × 1017 cm−3 can be successfully delineated at 1 V. A further improvement

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Vopát, Tomáš, Martin Sahul, Marián Haršáni, Ondřej Vortel, and Tomáš Zlámal. "The Tool Life and Coating-Substrate Adhesion of AlCrSiN-Coated Carbide Cutting Tools Prepared by LARC with Respect to the Edge Preparation and Surface Finishing." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (2020): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020166.

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Nanocomposite AlCrSiN hard coatings were deposited on the cemented carbide substrates with a negative substrate bias voltage within the range of −80 to −120 V using the cathodic arc evaporation system. The effect of variation in the bias voltage on the coating-substrate adhesion and nanohardness was investigated. It was clear that if bias voltage increased, nanohardness increased in the range from −80 V to −120 V. The coating deposited at the bias voltage of −120 V had the highest nanohardness (37.7 ± 1.5 GPa). The samples were prepared by brushing and wet microblasting to finish a surface and

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JOHNSON, J. Y. M., L. M. McMULLEN, P. HASSELBACK, M. LOUIE, G. JHANGRI, and L. D. SAUNDERS. "Risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in reported Campylobacter infections in southern Alberta." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 7 (2007): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807009296.

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SUMMARYWe conducted a case-control study examining risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter infections that were reported in 2004 and 2005 in two health regions in southern Alberta. The study questionnaire included questions about recent travel and antibiotic use, food consumption frequency, use of household and personal hygiene products with antibacterial agents, contact with animals, and potential misuse of antibiotics. Of the 210 patients who participated, 31·0% had ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter infections. Foreign travel was the strongest predictor of resistance.

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