Relevant bibliographies by topics / Slope effect

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Academic literature on the topic 'Slope effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Slope effect"

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Huang, Yi, and Geoffrey Hewings. "More Reliable Land Price Index: Is There a Slope Effect?" Land 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030261.

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This paper focuses on the physical attributes of land that intrinsically limit land use and possibly affect land values. In particular, we investigate if the slope of a land does decrease its price and investigate the role of land slope in forming more reliable constant-quality land price indices and aggregate house price indices. We find that, while land slopes do decrease the land price per unit, they have a small effect on the quality-adjusted land price indices in selected neighborhoods in Auckland, New Zealand, where sloped terrain is common.
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Mao, Luo Jian, Qian Xu, Zheng Jian, and Ying Zhu. "Dynamic Responses of Slope under the Effect of Seismic Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1587.

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In order to study the seismic response of slope under the effect of seismic load, a numerical model was established by ANSYS program. It was mainly analyzed the dynamic responses of slope under the effect of both general earthquake and rare one. The results indicate that under general earthquake, slope deforms a little, there is small stress within slope, and small tensile stress on the top of slope; under rare earthquake, slope deforms greatly, slope surface has large displacement, and there is larger tensile strain on the slope top. At the same time, stress concentration effects expand further within slope and slope toe. Consequently, with regard to slopes in higher fortification intensity area, some steps should be taken to strengthen slope in order to improve slope seismic stability.
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Blenkinsop, Glen M., Ying Liang, Nicholas J. Gallimore, and Michael J. Hiley. "The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Slopes on Weight Transfer, Alignment, and Shot Outcome in Golf." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0310.

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The aim of the study was to examine changes in weight transfer, alignment, and shot outcome during golf shots from flat, uphill, and downhill slopes. Twelve elite male golfers hit 30 shots with a 6-iron from a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment used to create 5° slopes while collecting 3-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the swing. A launch monitor measured performance outcomes. A shift in the center of pressure was found throughout the swing when performed on a slope, with the mean position moving approximately 9% closer to the lower foot. The golfers attempted to remain perpendicular to the slope, resulting in weight transfer toward the lower foot. The golfers adopted a wider stance in the sloped conditions and moved the ball toward the higher foot at address. Ball speed was not significantly affected by the slope, but launch angle and ball spin were. As the coaching literature predicted, golfers were more likely to hit shots to the left from an uphill slope and to the right from a downhill slope. No consistent compensatory adjustments in alignment at address or azimuth were found, with the change in final shot dispersion resulting from the lateral spin of the ball.
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LAN, SHIYONG, YIGUANG LIU, BINGBING LIU, PENG SHENG, TAO WANG, and XINSHENG LI. "EFFECT OF SLOPES IN HIGHWAY ON TRAFFIC FLOW." International Journal of Modern Physics C 22, no. 04 (April 2011): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183111016270.

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In this paper, we propose a novel slope cellular automaton (CA) model to depict some physical properties of traffic flow with slopes. In our model, we present the effect of slopes on the acceleration/deceleration capabilities and safety distance of the vehicles in highways as in real traffic situations. By numerical simulations, we investigate the dependence of the vehicle capacities in highways on the length and grade of slopes. It is shown that the larger the slope grade, the more significant the effect of slopes on the traffic flow is. Especially when the slope grade is beyond a certain value (i.e. |σ| > 3%), the effect of slopes on traffic flow becomes quite markedly.
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Kwon, Young-Hoo, Lonn Hutcheson, Jeffrey B. Casebolt, Joong-Hyun Ryu, and Kunal Singhal. "The Effects of Railroad Ballast Surface and Slope on Rearfoot Motion in Walking." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 4 (August 2012): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.4.457.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transversely sloped ballasted walking surface on gait and rearfoot motion (RFM) parameters. Motion analysis was performed with 20 healthy participants (15 male and 5 female) walking in six surface-slope conditions: two surfaces (solid and ballasted) by three slopes (0, 5, and 10 degrees). The gait parameters (walking velocity, step length, step rate, step width, stance time, and toe-out angle) showed significant surface effect (p= .004) and surface-slope interaction (p= .017). The RFM motion parameters (peak everted/inverted position, eversion/inversion velocity, and acceleration) revealed significant surface (p= .004) and slope (p= .024) effects. The ballasted conditions showed more cautious gait patterns with lower walk velocity, step length, and step rate and longer stance time. In the RFM parameters, the slope effect was more notable in the solid conditions due to the gait adaptations in the ballasted conditions. Ballast conditions showed reduced inversion and increased eversion and RFM range. The RFM data were comparable to other typical walking conditions but smaller than those from running.
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Nian, T. K., R. Q. Huang, S. S. Wan, and G. Q. Chen. "Three-dimensional strength-reduction finite element analysis of slopes: geometric effects." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 5 (May 2012): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-014.

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The vast majority of slopes, both natural and constructed, exhibit a complex geometric configuration and three-dimensional (3D) state, whereas slopes satisfying the assumption of plane strain (infinite length) are seldom encountered. Existing research mainly emphasizes the 3D dimensions and boundary effect in slope stability analysis; however, the effect of complex geometric ground configuration on 3D slope stability is rarely reported. In this paper, an elastoplastic finite-element method using strength-reduction techniques is used to analyze the stability of special 3D geometric slopes. A typical 3D slope underlain by a weak layer with groundwater is described to validate the numerical modeling, safety factor values, and critical slip surface for the 3D slope. Furthermore, a series of special 3D slopes with various geometric configurations are analyzed numerically, and the effects of turning corners, slope gradient, turning arcs, and convex- and concave-shaped surface geometry on the stability and failure characteristics of slopes under various boundary conditions are discussed in detail.
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Cao, Xing Song, Yang Zhou, and Shi Xiong Liu. "Stability Analysis on Surface Layer of an Expansive Clay Slope with Consideration of Expansive Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.353.

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Weathering effects, expansive pressure and pore water pressure are investigated to evaluate their effect on expansive clay slope stability. In particular, the effect of expansive pressure is analyzed to consider its effect on the stability of surface layer of the slope. In this paper, the distribution of expansive pressure in a slope is evaluated and used to analyze the stability of the surface layer of a clay slope. The proposed analysis method is applied in the third ring road project in Chengdu, China, where there are expansive clay slopes. Reasonable results are achieved.
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Breinbjerg, Olav. "Slope Diffraction Coupling Effect." Electromagnetics 18, no. 2 (March 1998): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726349808908580.

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Picard, Ghislain, Marie Dumont, Maxim Lamare, François Tuzet, Fanny Larue, Roberta Pirazzini, and Laurent Arnaud. "Spectral albedo measurements over snow-covered slopes: theory and slope effect corrections." Cryosphere 14, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 1497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1497-2020.

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Abstract. Surface albedo is an essential variable to determine the Earth's surface energy budget, in particular for snow-covered areas where it is involved in one of the most powerful positive feedback loops of the climate system. In situ measurements of broadband and spectral albedo are therefore common. However they are subject to several artefacts. Here we investigate the sensitivity of spectral albedo measurements to surface slope, and we propose simple correction algorithms to retrieve the intrinsic albedo of a slope from measurements, as if it were flat. For this, we first derive the analytical equations relating albedo measured on a slope to intrinsic direct and diffuse albedo, the apportionment between diffuse and direct incoming radiation, and slope inclination and aspect. The theory accounts for two main slope effects. First, the slope affects the proportion of solar radiation intercepted by the surface relative to that intercepted by the upward-looking, horizontal, sensor. Second, the upward- and downward-looking sensors receive reduced radiation from the sky and the surface respectively and increased radiation from neighbouring terrain. Using this theory, we show that (i) slope has a significant effect on albedo (over 0.01) from as little as a ≈1∘ inclination, causing distortions of the albedo spectral shape; (ii) the first-order slope effect is sufficient to fully explain measured albedo up to ≈15∘, which we designate “small-slope approximation”; and (iii) for larger slopes, the theory depends on the neighbouring slope geometry and land cover, leading to much more complex equations. Next, we derive four correction methods from the small-slope approximation, to be used depending on whether (1) the slope inclination and orientation are known or not, (2) the snow surface is free of impurities or dirty, and (3) a single or a time series of albedo measurements is available. The methods applied to observations taken in the Alps on terrain with up to nearly 20∘ slopes prove the ability to recover intrinsic albedo with a typical accuracy of 0.03 or better. From this study, we derive two main recommendations for future field campaigns: first, sloping terrain requires more attention because it reduces the measurement accuracy of albedo even for almost invisible slopes (1–2∘). Second, while the correction of the slope effect is possible, it requires additional information such as the spectral diffuse and direction partitioning and if possible the actual slope inclination and aspect, especially when the absence of impurities can not be assumed.
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Liu, Hanxiang, Tong Qiu, and Qiang Xu. "Dynamic acceleration response of a rock slope with a horizontal weak interlayer in shaking table tests." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): e0250418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250418.

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The weak interlayer in a rock slope often plays a significant role in seismic rockslides; however, the effect of weak interlayer on the seismic slope response and damage process is still not fully understood. This study presents a series of shaking test tests on two model slopes containing a horizontal weak interlayer with different thicknesses. A recorded Wenchuan earthquake ground motion was scaled to excite the slopes. Measurements from accelerometers embedded at different elevations of slope surface and slope interior were analyzed and compared. The effect of the weak interlayer thickness on the seismic response was highlighted by a comparative analysis of the two slopes in terms of topographic amplification, peak accelerations, and deformation characteristics as the input amplitude increased. It was found that the structure deterioration and nonlinear response of the slopes were manifested as a time lag of the horizontal accelerations in the upper slope relative to the lower slope and a reduction of resonant frequency and Fourier spectral ratio. Test results show that under horizontal acceleration, both slopes exhibited significant topographic amplification in the upper half, and the difference in amplification between slope face and slope interior was more pronounced in Slope B (with a thin weak interlayer) than in Slope A (with a thick weak interlayer). A four-phased dynamic response process of both slopes was observed. Similar deformation characteristics including development of strong response zone and macro-cracks, vertical settlement, horizontal extrusion and collapse in the upper half were observed in both slopes as the input amplitude increased; however, the deformations were more severe in Slope B than in Slope A, suggesting an energy isolation effect of the thick interlayer in Slope A.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Slope effect"

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Verma, Vishash. "Improved Slope Estimation in Organic Field-Effect Transistor Mobility Estimation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1618703169092189.

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Sepúlveda, Sergio Andrés. "The effect of topographic amplification on seismic rock slope instability." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405772.

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Rodrigues, Afonso Dias Ana Sofia. "The effect of vegetation on slope stability of shallow pyroclastic soil covers." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG002/document.

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L'effet de la végétation locale, composée de Castanea sativa cultivé, sur la stabilité des pentes a été étudié sur un site d'essai au Mont Faito (Campanie, Italie). En Campanie, les sols pyroclastiques peu profonds sont sensibles aux glissements de terrain provoqués par les précipitations. Des périodes de pluies prolongées suivies de précipitations extrêmes à court terme déclenchent des glissements de terrain rapides et destructeurs au niveau des coupes routières et des escarpements pyroclastiques sur les falaises rocheuses dans les régions autour du volcan Vésuve.Des échantillons de sol pyroclastiques non perturbés contenant des racines de C. sativa matures ont été utilisés pour la caractérisation hydraulique par le biais d'un ensemble d'expériences en laboratoire. La perméabilité saturée, la réponse à l’évaporation et l’imbibition, la teneur en eau pour les fortes valeurs de succion et la biomasse sèche des racines ont été déterminées.La présence de racines a augmenté la perméabilité d'un ordre de grandeur dans les sols les plus superficiels (10-7 à 10-6 m s-1) et diminué la valeur d'entrée d'air des courbes de rétention (6 à 4 kPa). La variabilité de la perméabilité entre les couches de sol a été identifiée comme conditionnant l'écoulement de l'eau souterraine par rapport à la vitesse du mouvement du front de mouillage et à la génération de pressions positives de l'eau interstitielle dans le profil. L'étalonnage du modèle hystérétique pour caractériser les sols pyroclastiques naturels a fourni une méthode plus approximative de modélisation des réponses hydrauliques. Une bonne concordance entre le modèle et les observations a été obtenue.L’étude sur le terrain a permis de montrer que la distribution des racines de C. sativa est associée au régime des eaux souterraines. Les distributions spatiales et verticales de la densité et des traits des racines ont été quantifiées pour les racines de C. sativa prélevées dans des forages réalisés au Mont Faito. La succion minimale, la teneur minimale en eau et la pente minimale (indiquant un débit d'eau descendant) ont été surveillées tout au long de l'année et confrontées avec la distribution des racines et à la distribution spatiale des arbres. Une densité racinaire croissante était associée à des valeurs de succion plus faibles et à des gradients d'infiltration plus élevés, ce qui peut avoir une influence négative sur la stabilité de la pente.La modélisation du renforcement mécanique du sol par les racines des arbres a permis de comprendre l'importance des composantes hydrauliques et mécaniques sur la stabilité d'une pente. Les racines augmentent la résistance au cisaillement (jusqu'à 25,8 kPa) grâce à un renforcement mécanique et donc le facteur de sécurité de la pente augmente. L'examen du renforcement dû aux racines dans l'estimation du facteur de sécurité des surfaces de rupture potentielles a montré que la surface de rupture la plus faible a été trouvée à 2,2 m, où le renforcement dû aux racines était de 1,3 kPa, au lieu de 0,9 m sans le renforcement de 13,8 kPa. La surface de rupture la plus faible correspond aux surfaces de rupture observées lors de glissements de terrain antérieurs. Le site d'essai ne présentait pas les caractéristiques d'une zone de déclenchement d'un glissement de terrain. L'angle de pente des zones de déclenchement des glissements de terrain (35° à 45°) peut dépasser l'angle de frottement du sol (36,5° à 38,5°) et l'effet hydraulique ne serait pas suffisant pour garantir la stabilité de la pente pendant la saison humide (0 à 10 kPa). On estime que le renforcement dû aux racines peut maintenir les pentes jusqu'à un angle de 42°.On a donc constaté que la présence de racines d'arbres affectait la stabilité hydraulique et mécanique des couvertures de sol pyroclastiques. Ces conclusions peuvent être étendues aux autres zones de plantations de C. sativa. L'effet hydraulique de la végétation a été largement compensé par le renforcement mécanique dû aux racines
The effect of the local vegetation, composed of cultivated Castanea sativa, on slope stability was investigated on a test site in Mount Faito (Campania, Southern Italy). In Campania, shallow pyroclastic soil covers are susceptible to landslides triggered by rainfall. Prolonged rainfall periods followed by extreme short-term rainfall events trigger fast moving and highly destructive landslides in road cuts and pyroclastic scarps on rocky cliffs in the areas surrounding the Vesuvius volcano.Undisturbed pyroclastic soil samples containing roots of mature C. sativa were used for hydraulic characterization through an extensive set of laboratory experiments. Saturated permeability, evaporation and imbibition response, water content for high suction ranges, and the root dry biomass were determined.The presence of roots increased the hydraulic permeability by one order of magnitude in the most surficial soil (10-7 to 10-6 m s-1) and decreased the air-entry value of the water retention curves (6 to 4 kPa). The variability of soil permeability among soil layers was identified as conditioning of the groundwater flow with regard to the speed of the wetting front movement and generation of positive pore-water pressures within the soil profile. The calibration of hysteretic model to characterize natural pyroclastic soil provided a more approximate manner of modelling in situ hydraulic responses. A good agreement between the model and the field observations was obtained.Field monitoring was performed with the intent of showing that the distribution of roots of C. sativa is associated to the groundwater regime. The spatial and vertical distribution of root density and traits were quantified for C. sativa roots collected from several boreholes performed in Mount Faito. Minimum suction, minimum water content and minimum gradient (indicative of downward water flow), were monitored throughout the year and related to root distribution and spatial distribution of trees. An increasing root density was found to be associated to lower values of suction and higher gradients of infiltration, which can potentially have a negative influence of the slope stability.A modelling investigation on the mechanical reinforcement of soil by tree roots allowed us to understand the importance of hydraulic and mechanic components on the stability of a slope. Roots increase greatly the shear strength of soil (up to 25.8 kPa) through mechanical reinforcement and consequently, the safety factor of the slope increased significantly. Considering the root reinforcement in the estimation of potential failure surfaces safety factor showed that the weakest failure surface was found at 2.2 m, where the root reinforcement was 1.3 kPa, instead of 0.9 m without the root reinforcement of 13.8 kPa. The weakest failure surface found was in agreement with the failure surfaces observed from previous landslides. The test site did not present the characteristics of a landslide triggering area. The slope angle of the landslide triggering areas (35° to 45°) can easily exceed the soil friction angle (36.5° to 38.5°) and the hydraulic effect would not be enough to guarantee the stability of the slope during the wet season (0 to 10 kPa). However, the root reinforcement was estimated to be able to sustain the slopes until an angle of 42°.Therefore, the presence of tree roots was found to affect hydraulically and mechanically stability of pyroclastic soil covers. Such conclusions may be extended to the areas of Campania where C. sativa plantations are present. The hydraulic effect of vegetation was greatly compensated by the mechanical reinforcement of roots
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Ciliz, Serap. "The Effect Of Basin Edge Slope On The Dynamic Response Of Soil Deposits." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608206/index.pdf.

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The effects of basin edge slope on the dynamic response of soil deposits are assessed by using one-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical analyses. 24 basin models having trapezoidal cross section are generated to represent different geometries (basin depth, basin edge slope) and soil type. Harmonic base motions with different predominant periods (Tp) are used in the analyses. The results indicate that, for a constant basin edge slope and a constant ratio of fundamental period of site to the predominant period of base motion (Tn/Tp), the response is almost the same for different soil types, basin depths and base motions. In the sloping edge region, one-dimensional response analysis predictions are found to be conservative compared to two-dimensional analysis predictions
however beyond this region they are unconservatively biased by a factor as high as 1.5. The sloping edge region and the horizontal region of the basin are denoted by normalized distance (ND) values varying from 0 to 1 and 1 to 2 respectively. The critical region where maximum amplification observed falls in the range of ND=1.0 to ND=1.5 for basins having slopes greater than 30o. The lower boundary of the critical region is shifted towards as low as ND=0.2 for basins having slopes less than 30o. For a constant value of Tn/Tp, the increase in the amplification is smooth for basins with gentle slopes as compared to basins with steep slopes for the region where ND~1. For a basin and earthquake couple approaching to resonance state (Tn/Tp=1), the amplification for the region where ND is greater than 1 is found to be as high as 100% of that is found for the region where ND~1.
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Yip, Tat-wing Francis. "The effect of water to the stability of man-made slope in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895219.

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Yip, Tat-wing Francis, and 葉永達. "The effect of water to the stability of man-made slope in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895219.

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Marshall, Hans-Peter. "Snowpack spatial variability: Towards understanding its effect on remote sensing measurements and snow slope stability." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p3190378.

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Fritzson, Hanna. "Effect of Environmental Factors on Pore Water Pressure in River Bank Sediments, Sollefteå, Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-333788.

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Pore water pressure in a silt slope in Sollefteå, Sweden, was measured from 2009-2016. The results from2009-2012 were presented and evaluated in a publication by Westerberg et al. (2014) and this report is an extension of that project.In a silt slope the pore water pressures are generally negative, contributing to the stability of theslope. In this report the pore water pressure variations are analyzed using basic statistics and a connection between the pore water pressure variations, the geology and parameters such as temperature, precipitation and soil moisture are discussed.The soils in the slope at Nipuddsvägen consists of sandy silt, silt, clayey silt and silty clay. The main findings were that at 2, 4 and 6 m depth there are significant increases and decreases in the pore water pressure that can be linked with the changing of the seasons, for example there is a significant increase in the spring when the ground frost melts. As the seasons change, so do the temperature and amount and type of precipitation. Other factors that vary with the season are the amount of net radiation, wind speed and relative humidity, all of which affect the amount of evapotranspiration. At greater depths the pore water pressue is most likely affected by a factor/factors that varies from year to year, possibly the total amount of rainfall. Therefore, the anticipated increase in precipitation in Scandinavia due to climate change could be an important factor influencing slope stability.What precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration have in common is that they affect the amount of water infiltrating the soil, and thereby the soil moisture content. How the soil moisture is distributed and flows through the soil (sub-surface flow) is governed by the different soil types and their mutual order in the slope, as well as by factors affecting the structure of the soil, e.g. animal burrows and aggregation. The formation of ground frost also affects the way in which the water present in the soil is redistributed.At c. 14 m depth in the slope, there is a saturated layer with positive pore water pressures, which could be one of several such layers. The overall groundwater situation in a silt slope is complex; several different bodies of water can develop, and to get a complete picture of the ground water situation (andthereby also the pore water pressure variations) thorough hydrological surveys are needed.
Under  2009-2016  mättes  porvattentrycket  i  en  siltslänt  i  Sollefteå.  Resultaten  från  2009-2012presenterades och utvärderades i en publikation av Westerberg et al. (2014) och detta examensarbete är en förlängning av det projektet.I en siltslänt är porvattentrycket vanligtvis negativt vilket bidrar till stabiliteten i slänten. I den härrapporten är variationerna av porvattentrycket analyserade med hjälp av enkel statistik och en koppling mellan variationerna och geologin samt parametrar så som temperatur, nederbörd och fukthalt i marken diskuteras.Jordarterna i slänten vid Nipuddsvägen består av sandig silt, silt, lerig silt och siltig lera. Slutsatsen var att på 2, 4 och 6 m djup ökade och minskade porvattentrycket med årstiderna, till exempel ökade porvattentrycket signifikant vid tjällossningen. När årstiderna skiftar ändras även temperaturen och mängden, och typen, av nederbörd. Andra faktorer som varierar över året är netto-instrålningen, vindhastigheten och den relativa fuktigheten och dessa faktorer påverkar i sin tur evapotranspirationen. På större djup beror antagligen portrycksvariationerna på någon eller några faktorer som skiljer sig åt från år till år, möjligtvis den totala mängden nederbörd. Därmed skulle den ökade nederbörd som förväntas i Skandinavien på grund av klimatförändringarna kunna påverka släntstabiliteten.Vad nederbörd, temeperatur och evapotranspiration har gemensamt är att de påverkar mängden vatten som infiltrerar marken, det vill säga de påverkar markens fukthalt. Hur vattnet är födelat i marken beror på de olika jordarterna och deras inbördes ordning i slänten, men också av faktorer som påverkar markens struktur så som aggregation och uppluckring av jorden på grund av marklevande djurs aktivitet. Även formationen av tjäle på vintern har troligtvis en viss inverkan på hur vattnet i marken omfördelas.På 14 m djup finns ett vattenmättat lager med positiva porvattentryck vilket skulle kunna vara ett av flera sådana lager. I en siltslänt är grundvattensituationen mycket komplex, flera magasin av vatten kan bildas. För att få en bra bild av grundvattensituationen (och där med också porvattentrycksvariationerna)behöver noggranna hydrologiska undersökningar genomföras.
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Berti, Debora. "Clay mineralogy and its effect on physical properties in the Gulf of Mexico northwestern continental slope." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1624.

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The clay mineral composition of sediments deposited in the last six oxygen isotope stages in the Gulf of Mexico continental slope was characterized. Smectite and illite were found to be the two major clay minerals of the clay fraction while kaolinite, chlorite and quartz were present in the clay fraction but in less proportions. Variations in clay mineral abundances, especially in the relative abundances of smectite and illite, were identified in relation to climate changes. Smectite was the most abundant mineral in sediments of the current (stage 1) and last interglacial maxima (stage 5) while illite dominates the clay min-eralogy of sediments from the last glacial maximum (stage 2). Relationships between clay mineralogy and physical properties were investigated as well. Significant positive correla-tions were found between Atterberg limits with the smectite content of the bulk sediment and with clay content. However, the relationship with smectite yielded a significantly higher correlation coefficient. Smectite and clay content also affect the natural water con-tent of sediments and its changes with depth.
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Thomas, Ian Martin. "Numerical studies of the effect of shelf-edge topography on the stability of along-slope currents." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246230.

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Books on the topic "Slope effect"

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Schroeder, S. A. Slope gradient effect on erosion of reshaped spoil. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Egginton, D. M. An investigation of the effect of funding on the slope of the yield curve. London: Economics Division, Bank of England, 1993.

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3

National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Cumulative environmental effects of oil and gas activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2003.

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Shulley-Ziegler, Stacy. Effects of short polymeric fibers on crack development in clays. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1997.

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O'Loughlin, Colin L. The effects of forest land use on erosion and slope stability: A report of a seminar. Honolulu: East-West Center, 1985.

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Soini, Eija. Bird diversity and land use on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro and the adjacent plains, Tanzania. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre, 2006.

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Chang, Tony H. D. Effects of interfacial level gradient and channel slope on interfacial shear stress in near-horizontal stratified gas-liquid flows. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Vallario, Antonio. Il dissesto idrogeologico in Campania. Napoli: CUEN, 2001.

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L, Britt L., and Alaska Fisheries Science Center (U.S.), eds. The 2002 Eastern Bering Sea upper continental slope survey of groundfish and invertebrate resources. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 2003.

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Lauth, R. R. Results of trawl surveys of groundfish resources of the west coast upper continental slope from 1989 to 1993. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Slope effect"

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Erizal, Toshinori Sakai, and Sadaki Miyauchi. "Relaxation effect in retaining wall on passive mode." In Slope Stability Engineering, 959–64. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739600-55.

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Kobayashi, Akira, Kiyohito Yamamoto, and Koichi Fujii. "Effect of degradation on the strength of rock." In Slope Stability Engineering, 793–98. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739600-24.

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Kawahara, S., and T. Muro. "Effect of soil slope gradient on motion of rockfall." In Slope Stability Engineering, 1343–48. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739600-124.

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Zhang, Lining, Jun Huang, and Mansun Chan. "Steep Slope Devices and TFETs." In Tunneling Field Effect Transistor Technology, 1–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31653-6_1.

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Suárez, J. "Structural deterioration of residual soils and the effect on landslides." In Slope Stability Engineering, 1187–92. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203739600-97.

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Ghani, Aiman Naim Che, Aizat Mohd Taib, and Dayang Zulaika Abang Hasbollah. "Effect of Rainfall Pattern on Slope Stability." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 887–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2184-3_115.

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Jha, Akshay Kumar, Madhav Madhira, and G. V. N. Reddy. "Slope–Reinforcement Interactions: Effect of Strength Parameters." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 557–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1831-4_49.

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Zhang, Ke. "Three-Dimensional Effect and Strength Reduction Method." In Failure Mechanism and Stability Analysis of Rock Slope, 159–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5743-9_8.

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Rahardjo, H., X. W. Li, D. G. Toll, and E. C. Leong. "The effect of antecedent rainfall on slope stability." In Unsaturated Soil Concepts and Their Application in Geotechnical Practice, 371–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9775-3_8.

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Merat, Soumia, Lynda Djerbal, and Ramdane Bahar. "Rainfall Effect on Slope Stability Using Numerical Analysis." In Recent Advances in Geo-Environmental Engineering, Geomechanics and Geotechnics, and Geohazards, 419–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01665-4_97.

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Conference papers on the topic "Slope effect"

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Verma, Vishash, Drona Dahal, Raj Kishen Radha Krishnan, Bjorn Lussem, and Tsung-Heng Tsai. "A new approach to transfer characteristic slope estimation." In Organic and Hybrid Field-Effect Transistors XX, edited by Oana D. Jurchescu and Iain McCulloch. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2593301.

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Gomez, Jorge, Sourav Dutta, Kai Ni, Siddharth Joshi, and Suman Datta. "Steep Slope Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor." In 2019 Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference (EDTM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edtm.2019.8731115.

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Shmin, Zhang, and Wu Xuanyu. "Scenic Slope Retaining Contrast Effect Analysis." In 2015 8th International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2015.204.

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Fraser, Alex M., and Smitha D. Koduru. "Effect of Soil Variability on Strain Demand Associated With Moving Slopes." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64432.

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Assessment of strain demand is a critical component in strain-based design. The strain demand associated with moving slopes is influenced by a number of factors related to the properties of the pipeline, the surrounding soil, and the general slope characteristics. Available empirical models for assessing strain demand are limited to special cases of slope movements, and detailed finite element analyses are often performed in order to accurately assess the strain demand for specific slopes. Soil properties and slope movements are acknowledged to be highly uncertain, with the uncertainty stemming in part from the lack of site-specific data and in part from the inherent variability in soils. The sensitivity of strain demand to the effect of soil variability is an important consideration when establishing the safety margin that must be employed when using the strain-based method for pipeline design or assessment. In this paper, a finite element analysis of pipe-soil interaction is employed to assess the influence of soil variability on strain demand. Strain demand is shown to be highly influenced by variability in slope movement parameters and soil properties. Strategies to reduce the variability in the strain demand either through increased data collection or through pipeline design are discussed.
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Xiao, Yajun, Xuesong Mao, and Jian Li. "The Slope Shape of Loose Accumulation Body Effect Analysis of Subgrade Slope Stability." In 2017 5th International Conference on Frontiers of Manufacturing Science and Measuring Technology (FMSMT 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/fmsmt-17.2017.141.

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Gnani, Elena, Antonio Gnudi, Susanna Reggiani, and Giorgio Baccarani. "Steep-slope nanowire field-effect transistor (SS-NWFET)." In 2010 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sispad.2010.5604567.

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Zhong Wei, Kong Jiming, and Chen Xiaoqing. "The excavation effect of complex rock high slope." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965602.

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Merat, Soumia, Lynda Djerbal, and Ramdane Bahar. "Numerical Analysis of Climate Effect on Slope Stability." In Second Pan-American Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481691.031.

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Verhagen, Henk Jan, Bas Reedijk, and Marcus Muttray. "THE EFFECT OF FORESHORE SLOPE ON BREAKWATER STABILITY." In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812709554_0404.

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Kuang, Jianjing, and Mark Liberman. "The effect of spectral slope on pitch perception." In Interspeech 2015. ISCA: ISCA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2015-154.

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Reports on the topic "Slope effect"

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LÜFTENEGGER, Roland, Roman MARTE, Florian SCHARINGER, and Helmut SCHWEIGER. Arching effect for building pits in slopes. Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0146.

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Moses, Clifford A. JET FUEL “AROMATICS EFFECTS” AND “DISTILLATION SLOPE” RESEARCH SURVEY. Coordinating Research Council, Inc., April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21813/crcav-10-09.

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Blundell, S. Micro-terrain and canopy feature extraction by breakline and differencing analysis of gridded elevation models : identifying terrain model discontinuities with application to off-road mobility modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40185.

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Elevation models derived from high-resolution airborne lidar scanners provide an added dimension for identification and extraction of micro-terrain features characterized by topographic discontinuities or breaklines. Gridded digital surface models created from first-return lidar pulses are often combined with lidar-derived bare-earth models to extract vegetation features by model differencing. However, vegetative canopy can also be extracted from the digital surface model alone through breakline analysis by taking advantage of the fine-scale changes in slope that are detectable in high-resolution elevation models of canopy. The identification and mapping of canopy cover and micro-terrain features in areas of sparse vegetation is demonstrated with an elevation model for a region of western Montana, using algorithms for breaklines, elevation differencing, slope, terrain ruggedness, and breakline gradient direction. These algorithms were created at the U.S. Army Engineer Research Center – Geospatial Research Laboratory (ERDC-GRL) and can be accessed through an in-house tool constructed in the ENVI/IDL environment. After breakline processing, products from these algorithms are brought into a Geographic Information System as analytical layers and applied to a mobility routing model, demonstrating the effect of breaklines as obstacles in the calculation of optimal, off-road routes. Elevation model breakline analysis can serve as significant added value to micro-terrain feature and canopy mapping, obstacle identification, and route planning.
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Vettori, Robert L. Effect of beamed, sloped, and sloped beamed ceilings on the activation time of a residential sprinkler. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7079.

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Pedersen, C., T. Petrie, G. Courville, A. Desjarlais, P. Childs, and K. Wilkes. Moisture effects in low-slope roofs: Drying rates after water addition with various vapor retarders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104385.

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Pedersen, C., T. Petrie, G. Courville, A. Desjarlais, P. Childs, and K. Wilkes. Moisture effects in low-slope roofs: Drying rates after water addition with various vapor retarders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6975843.

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Sharp, Jeremy, Locke Williams, Duncan Bryant, Jake Allgeier, Kevin Pigg, Gary Bell, and Dana Moses. Rough River Outlet Works physical model study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41043.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, requested the support and assistance of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), in the evaluation of the hydraulic performance of the replacement Outlet Works for Rough River Dam. To support the design effort, CHL constructed a 1:25.85 scale physical model. The proposed features of the model in the domain are the curved approach channel, intake structure, transition, curved conduit, stilling basin, concrete apron, and retreat channel. Tests performed to evaluate the hydraulic performance illuminated a few design concerns. To address these issues, several key design changes were made. These included the retreat channel slope, end sill design, and transition design.
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Woo, M. K., K. L. Young, and S. A. Edlund. 1989 Observations of Soil, Vegetation, and Microclimate, and Effects On Slope Hydrology, Hot Weather Creek Basin, Ellesmere Island, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131343.

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Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes, and Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

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Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.
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Brooks, G. R., D. E. Lawrence, K. Fung, C. Bégin, and D. Perret. Flooding from the July 18-21, 1996 rainstorm in the Saguenay area, Quebec: fluvial geomorphic effects and slope stability along selected major river reaches. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209234.

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