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Journal articles on the topic 'Slope inequality'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Moreno-Betancur, Margarita, Aurélien Latouche, Gwenn Menvielle, Anton E. Kunst, and Grégoire Rey. "Relative Index of Inequality and Slope Index of Inequality." Epidemiology 26, no. 4 (2015): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000311.

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Bellec, Pierre C., Joseph Salmon, and Samuel Vaiter. "A sharp oracle inequality for Graph-Slope." Electronic Journal of Statistics 11, no. 2 (2017): 4851–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/17-ejs1364.

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3

Miyachi, Hideki, and Hiroshige Shiga. "Holonomies and the slope inequality of Lefschetz fibrations." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 139, no. 04 (2011): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-2010-10563-4.

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Zhang, Tong. "Slope inequality for families of curves over surfaces." Mathematische Annalen 371, no. 3-4 (2017): 1095–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00208-017-1551-1.

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5

Ciotti, Luca, and Lucia Morganti. "How general is the global density slope-anisotropy inequality?" Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 408, no. 2 (2010): 1070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17184.x.

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Van Hese, Emmanuel, Maarten Baes, and Herwig Dejonghe. "ON THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE GLOBAL DENSITY SLOPE-ANISOTROPY INEQUALITY." Astrophysical Journal 726, no. 2 (2010): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/726/2/80.

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7

Prisk, G. Kim, Harold J. B. Guy, John B. West, and James W. Reed. "Validation of measurements of ventilation-to-perfusion ratio inequality in the lung from expired gas." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 3 (2003): 1186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00662.2002.

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The analysis of the gas in a single expirate has long been used to estimate the degree of ventilation-perfusion (V˙a/Q˙) inequality in the lung. To further validate this estimate, we examined three measures ofV˙a/Q˙ inhomogeneity calculated from a single full exhalation in nine anesthetized mongrel dogs under control conditions and after exposure to aerosolized methacholine. These measurements were then compared with arterial blood gases and with measurements of V˙a/Q˙ inhomogeneity obtained using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. The slope of the instantaneous respiratory exchange

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Steinbeis, Fridolin, Dzintars Gotham, Peter von Philipsborn, and Jan M. Stratil. "Quantifying changes in global health inequality: the Gini and Slope Inequality Indices applied to the Global Burden of Disease data, 1990–2017." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 5 (2019): e001500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001500.

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BackgroundThe major shifts in the global burden of disease over the past decades are well documented, but how these shifts have affected global inequalities in health remains an underexplored topic. We applied comprehensive inequality measures to data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.MethodsBetween-country relative inequality was measured by the population-weighted Gini Index, between-country absolute inequality was calculated using the population-weighted Slope Inequality Index (SII). Both were applied to country-level GBD data on age-standardised disability-adjusted life years.F

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Wang, Shuaiwen, Haolei Weng, and Arian Maleki. "Does SLOPE outperform bridge regression?" Information and Inference: A Journal of the IMA 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaiai/iaab025.

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Abstract A recently proposed SLOPE estimator [6] has been shown to adaptively achieve the minimax $\ell _2$ estimation rate under high-dimensional sparse linear regression models [25]. Such minimax optimality holds in the regime where the sparsity level $k$, sample size $n$ and dimension $p$ satisfy $k/p\rightarrow 0, k\log p/n\rightarrow 0$. In this paper, we characterize the estimation error of SLOPE under the complementary regime where both $k$ and $n$ scale linearly with $p$, and provide new insights into the performance of SLOPE estimators. We first derive a concentration inequality for t

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10

Freire, Maria do Carmo Matias, Lidia Moraes Ribeiro Jordão, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo Andrade, and Marco Aurelio Peres. "Socioeconomic inequalities and changes in oral health behaviors among Brazilian adolescents from 2009 to 2012." Revista de Saúde Pública 49 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005562.

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OBJECTIVE To analyze oral health behaviors changes over time in Brazilian adolescents concerning maternal educational inequalities. METHODS Data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (Brazilian National School Health Survey) were analyzed. The sample was composed of 60,973 and 61,145 students from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District in 2009 and 2012, respectively. The analyzed factors were oral health behaviors (toothbrushing frequency, sweets consumption, soft drink consumption, and cigarette experimentation) and sociodemographics (age, sex, race, type of school and

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Kaselienė, Snieguolė, and Ramunė Kalėdienė. "Inequalities in Mortality From Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis by the Level of Education in Lithuania." Medicina 47, no. 6 (2011): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina47060049.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in inequalities in mortality from infectious diseases and tuberculosis by educational level among men and women in Lithuania. Material and Methods. The data on mortality from infectious diseases in the Lithuanian population aged more than 30 years for the years 1989 and 2001 gathered from the Department of Statistics and censuses were used for the analysis. The relative and slope indices of inequality were calculated. Results. Mortality from infectious diseases and tuberculosis among persons with primary education was higher than that among persons

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Houghton, Natalia, Ernesto Bascolo, and Amalia del Riego. "Socioeconomic inequalities in access barriers to seeking health services in four Latin American countries." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 (March 4, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.11.

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Objective. To present summary measures of socioeconomic inequalities in access barriers to health services in Colombia, El Salvador, Paraguay, and Peru. Methods. This cross-sectional study used data from nationally - representative household surveys in Colombia, El Salvador, Peru, and Paraguay to analyze income-related inequalities in barriers to seeking health services. Households that reported having a health problem (disease/accident) and not seeking professional health care were considered to be facing access barriers. The measures of inequality were the slope index of inequality and relat

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13

Lin, Jeng-Eng. "Nonexistence of Nontrivial Stationary Solutions with Decay Order for Some Nonlinear Evolution Equations." Journal of Mathematics Research 9, no. 3 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v9n3p1.

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We show that there are no nontrivial stationary solutions of certain decay order for some applied nonlinear evolution equations which include the thin epitaxial film model with slope selection and the square phase field crystal (SPFC) equation. The method is to use the Morawetz multiplier and the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality.

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14

Liu, Zixin, Jian Yu, Daoyun Xu, and Dingtao Peng. "Wirtinger-Type Inequality and the Stability Analysis of Delayed Lur'e System." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/793686.

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This paper proposes a new delay-depended stability criterion for a class of delayed Lur'e systems with sector and slope restricted nonlinear perturbation. The proposed method employs an improved Wirtinger-type inequality for constructing a new Lyapunov functional with triple integral items. By using the convex expression of the nonlinear perturbation function, the original nonlinear Lur'e system is transformed into a linear uncertain system. Based on the Lyapunov stable theory, some novel delay-depended stability criteria for the researched system are established in terms of linear matrix ineq

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15

Chari, Malini, Vahid Ravaghi, Wael Sabbah, Noha Gomaa, Sonica Singhal, and Carlos Quiñonez. "Oral health inequality in Canada, the United States and United Kingdom." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0268006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268006.

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The objective of this study was to quantify the magnitude of absolute and relative oral health inequality in countries with similar socio-political environments, but differing oral health care systems such as Canada, the United States (US), and the United Kingdom (UK), in the first decade of the new millennium. Clinical oral health data were obtained from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007–2009, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2008, and the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009, for Canada, the US and UK, respectively. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative

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16

Kim, Minhye, Suzin You, Jong-sung You, Seung-Yun Kim, and Jong Heon Park. "Income-Related Mortality Inequalities and Its Social Factors among Middle-Aged and Older Adults at the District Level in Aging Seoul: An Ecological Study Using Administrative Big Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010383.

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This study investigated income-related health inequality at sub-national level, focusing on mortality inequality among middle-aged and older adults (MOAs). Specifically, we examined income-related mortality inequality and its social factors among MOAs across 25 districts in Seoul using administrative big data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). We obtained access to the NHIS’s full-population micro-data on both incomes and demographic variables for the entire residents of Seoul. Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were calculated. The effects o

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17

Switzer, J. Matt. "Graphing Inequalities, Connecting Meaning." Mathematics Teacher 107, no. 8 (2014): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.107.8.0580.

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tudents often have difficulty with graphing inequalities (see Filloy, Rojano, and Rubio 2002; Drijvers 2002), and my students were no exception. Although students can produce graphs for simple inequalities, they often struggle when the format of the inequality is unfamiliar. Even when producing a correct graph of an inequality, students may lack a deep understanding of the relationship between the inequality and its graph. Hiebert and Carpenter (1992) stated that mathematics is understood “if its mental representation is part of a network of representations” and that the “degree of understandi

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18

Yuldashev, Maksudjan, Ulugbek Khalikov, Fazliddin Nasriddinov, Nilufar Ismailova, Zebo Kuldasheva, and Maaz Ahmad. "Impact of foreign direct investment on income inequality: Evidence from selected Asian economies." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0281870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281870.

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The United Nations lists 17 Sustainable Development Goals for Agenda 2030, one of which is SDG-10, which focuses on eradicating inequality and addressing critical regional and global challenges. The fight against income inequality is heavily dependent on foreign direct investment all over the world. In this connection, the present study aimed to investigate the individual and interactive impact of foreign direct investment, human capital, and economic growth on income inequality by employing the interactive model. Based on the panel data set covering ten counties spanning each region of Asia f

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19

Ito, Kanade, Noriko Cable, Tatsuo Yamamoto, et al. "Wider Dental Care Coverage Associated with Lower Oral Health Inequalities: A Comparison Study between Japan and England." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (2020): 5539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155539.

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Countries with different oral health care systems may have different levels of oral health related inequalities. We compared the socioeconomic inequalities in oral health among older adults in Japan and England. We used the data for adults aged 65 years or over from Japan (N = 79,707) and England (N = 5115) and estimated absolute inequality (the Slope Index of Inequality, SII) and relative inequality (the Relative Index of Inequality, RII) for edentulism (the condition of having no natural teeth) by educational attainment and income. All analyses were adjusted for sex and age. Overall, 14% of

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20

Amin, Sakib Bin, Yaron Nezleen Amin, Mahatab Kabir Khandaker, Farhan Khan, and Faria Manal Rahman. "Unfolding FDI, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Income Inequality Nexus: Heterogeneous Panel Analysis." Energies 15, no. 14 (2022): 5160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145160.

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We aim to examine the nexus between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Renewable Energy Consumption (REC), and income inequality across selected High-Income Countries (HIC), Upper Middle-Income Countries (UMIC), Lower Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), and Low-Income Countries (LIC). Given the cross-sectional dependency, slope homogeneity, and stationarity properties, we find that the aforementioned variables across all the regions are cointegrated in the long run (LR). For LR estimation, we use the Cross-Sectional-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) approach. For the HIC and the UMIC, an incr

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Barratt, Helen, Miqdad Asaria, Jessica Sheringham, Patrick Stone, Rosalind Raine, and Richard Cookson. "Dying in hospital: socioeconomic inequality trends in England." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 22, no. 3 (2017): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819616686807.

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Objective To describe trends in socioeconomic inequality in the proportion of deaths occurring in hospital, during a period of sustained effort by the NHS in England to improve end of life care. Methods Whole-population, small area longitudinal study involving 5,260,871 patients of all ages who died in England from 2001/2002 to 2011/2012. Our primary measure of inequality was the slope index of inequality. This represents the estimated gap between the most and least deprived neighbourhood in England, allowing for the gradient in between. Neighbourhoods were geographic Lower Layer Super Output

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22

Dulgheroff, Pedro Toteff, Luciana Saraiva da Silva, Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi, Leandro F. M. Rezende, Emanuele Souza Marques, and Catarina Machado Azeredo. "Educational disparities in hypertension, diabetes, obesity and smoking in Brazil: a trend analysis of 578 977 adults from a national survey, 2007–2018." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (2021): e046154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046154.

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ObjectivesOur study aimed to assess social inequality trends for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity from 2007 to 2018 in adults from Brazilian capitals.SettingData from the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey study, a cross-sectional telephone survey, conducted annually from 2007 to 2018.ParticipantsWe used data from 578 977 Brazilian adults (≥18 years).DesignCross-sectional surveys conducted annually from 2007 to 2018.Primary outcome measuresParticipants responded to a questionnaire about medical diagnosis of hypertension and

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23

Wang, Peng, Jixiang Li, and Yuan Zhang. "Guaranteed Cost Nonfragile Robust Controller for Walking Simulation of Quadruped Search Robot on a Slope of VRML Model." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 948795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/948795.

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The problem of walking simulation for the quadruped search robot on a slope is described as an uncertainty system. In order to create the virtual ramp road environment, VRML modeling language is used to build a real environment, which is a 3D terrain scene in Matlab platform. According to the VRML model structure of the quadruped search robot, a guaranteed cost nonfragile robust controller is designed for ramp road walking simulation. The constraint inequation is transformed into a strict linear inequality by using two equalities; the controller and the guaranteed cost upper bound are given ba

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Wang, Peng, Jixiang Li, and Yuan Zhang. "Guaranteed Cost Nonfragile Robust Controller for Walking Simulation of Quadruped Search Robot on a Slope of VRML Model." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/948796.

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The problem of walking simulation for the quadruped search robot on a slope is described as an uncertainty system. In order to create the virtual ramp road environment, VRML modeling language is used to build a real environment, which is a 3D terrain scene in Matlab platform. According to the VRML model structure of the quadruped search robot, a guaranteed cost nonfragile robust controller is designed for ramp road walking simulation. The constraint inequation is transformed into a strict linear inequality by using two equalities; the controller and the guaranteed cost upper bound are given ba

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25

Chen, Meng. "Minimal 3-folds of small slope and the Noether inequality for canonically polarized 3-folds." Mathematical Research Letters 11, no. 6 (2004): 833–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/mrl.2004.v11.n6.a9.

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26

Reyes Matos, Ursula, Marilia Arndt Mesenburg, and Cesar G. Victora. "Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among women aged 20–49 in low- and middle-income countries." International Journal of Obesity 44, no. 3 (2019): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0503-0.

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Abstract Objective To analyze socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of underweight and overweight or obesity in women from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods Using the last available Demographic Health Survey between 2010 and 2016 from 49 LMICs, we estimated the prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and overweight or obesity combined (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) for women aged 20–49 years. We used linear regression to explore the associations between the two outcomes and gross national income (GNI). We assess within-country socioeconomic inequalities using wealth deciles. Th

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Baigi, Vali, Saharnaz Nedjat, Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor, Majid Sartipi, Yahya Salimi, and Akbar Fotouhi. "Socioeconomic inequality in health domains in Tehran: a population-based cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (2018): e018298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018298.

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ObjectiveReduction of socioeconomic inequality in health requires appropriate evidence on health and its distribution based on socioeconomic indicators. The objective of this study was to assess socioeconomic inequality in various health domains and self-rated health (SRH).MethodsThis study was conducted using data collected in a survey in 2014 on a random sample of individuals aged 18 and above in the city of Tehran. The standardised World Health Survey Individual Questionnaire was used to assess different health domains. The age-adjusted prevalence of poor health was calculated for each heal

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Rahman, Md Shafiur, Md Rocky Khan Chowdhury, Md Rashedul Islam, et al. "Determinants and Projections of Minimum Acceptable Diet among Children Aged 6–23 Months: A National and Subnational Inequality Assessment in Bangladesh." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032010.

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Subnational evidence on the level of inequality in receiving complementary feeding practice among Bangladeshi children is lacking. This study estimated inequality in the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) among Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months, and identified risk factors for and developed projections of the MAD up to 2030. Data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 were used in this cross-sectional study. Regression-based slope (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were used to quantify the level of absolute and relative inequality, respectively. A Bayesian logist

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Ravaghi, V., D. S. Hargreaves, and A. J. Morris. "Persistent Socioeconomic Inequality in Child Dental Caries in England despite Equal Attendance." JDR Clinical & Translational Research 5, no. 2 (2019): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2380084419872136.

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Introduction: Despite a decline in the prevalence of dental caries among children in England and ongoing arrangements for the provision of free dental care up to the age of 18 y, there is limited information on the pattern and trend of socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries and dental attendance. Methods: We estimated the magnitude of deprivation-related inequalities for dental caries and dental attendance in young children, using publicly available data and 2 regression-based summary measures of inequalities: slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality. Results: We found n

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Saeed, Arifa. "IMPACT OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME INEQUALITY ON TAX." Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (2022): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46662/jass.v9i2.272.

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Nexus of total factor productivity, inequality, and taxes (selected SAARC Countries) along with other control variables like corruption, consumption expenditure, capital, and labor. For short and long-run elasticities along with different estimation techniques are applied. Total factor Productivity (TFP) data of SAARC countries were unavailable, so only Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka are estimated. Tax to GDP ratio is low, and income equality is negative as it will decrease the tax revenue, and increase in anti-corruption policies will increase tax revenue, an increase in TFP will

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Amare, Tsegaw, Endalkachew Dellie, and Getasew Amare. "Trends of Inequalities in Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2016." BioMed Research International 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5533668.

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Background. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a costless practice with numerous neonates’ survival benefits. Thus, any disparity results in an unacceptably high neonatal death rate but socioeconomic disparities on EIBF have not been well explored in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the socioeconomic inequalities of EIBF in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016. Methods. The Ethiopian demographic and health survey data and the World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit were used to investigate the inequalities in EIBF across the wealth quintile, education,

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Chen, Jian, Jian-Hua Yin, and C. F. Lee. "Upper bound limit analysis of slope stability using rigid finite elements and nonlinear programming." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 4 (2003): 742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-032.

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In this paper, the development and application of a new upper bound limit method for two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) slope stability problems is presented. Rigid finite elements are used to construct a kinematically admissible velocity field. Kinematically admissible velocity discontinuities are permitted to occur at all inter-element boundaries. The proposed method formulates the slope stability problem as an optimization problem based on the upper bound theorem. The objective function for determination of the minimum value of the factor of safety has a number of unknowns that are subj

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Khang, Young-Ho, Dohee Lim, Jinwook Bahk, et al. "A publicly well-accepted measure versus an academically desirable measure of health inequality: cross-sectional comparison of the difference between income quintiles with the slope index of inequality." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (2019): e028687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028687.

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ObjectivesThe difference between income quintiles in health is relatively well accepted by the general public as a measure of health inequality. However, the slope index of inequality (SII) in health reflects the patterns of all social groups, including the middle 60%, and it could therefore be considered more academically desirable. If these two measures are closely correlated, the widespread use of the difference between income quintiles in health would be better supported. This study was conducted to compare differences between income quintiles in life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expec

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Andrade, Fabíola Bof de, and Flávia Cristina Drumond Andrade. "Socioeconomic inequalities related to dental care needs among adolescents and adults living in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil." Cadernos Saúde Coletiva 29, no. 3 (2021): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-462x202129030186.

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Abstract Background There is significant evidence of inequalities in the need for dental treatment, and their monitoring is essential for public health planning. Objective To measure the extent of the association between socioeconomic inequality and need for dental care. Method This study used data from the 2011 Survey of Oral Health Conditions, including a representative sample of adolescents (n=2,310) and adults (n=1,188) from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Need for dental treatment was evaluated according to criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). Family income was used as a me

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Okui, Tasuku. "Analysis of an Association between Preterm Birth and Parental Educational Level in Japan Using National Data." Children 10, no. 2 (2023): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020342.

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Preterm birth rate depending on parental educational level in recent years has not been surveyed in Japan. In this study, we showed the trend in preterm birth rate depending on parental educational level from 2000 to 2020 by linking data from the Census regarding individuals’ educational level and parents in birth data of the vital statistics. Four types of parental educational level, namely junior high school, high school, technical school or junior college, and university or graduate school, were compared. Slope and relative indexes of inequality for preterm birth by educational level were c

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Paul, Sohini. "Are the Poor Catching Up with the Rich in Utilising Maternal Health Care Services? Evidence from India." Journal of Health Management 23, no. 3 (2021): 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09720634211035212.

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India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 to improve maternal and child health by providing good quality health services to all, especially deprived sections of society, to reduce inequality in access to health services. With the backdrop of NRHM, we analysed the extent to which the utilisation of maternal health care services (MHCSs) in the three stages of the continuum of care—antenatal care (ANC), care during child delivery and postnatal care (PNC)—–has improved among the poor vis-à-vis the rich in India, and the corresponding narrowing down in inequality in the period

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Bergen, Nicole, Bianca O. Cata-Preta, Anne Schlotheuber, et al. "Economic-Related Inequalities in Zero-Dose Children: A Study of Non-Receipt of Diphtheria–Tetanus–Pertussis Immunization Using Household Health Survey Data from 89 Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Vaccines 10, no. 4 (2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040633.

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Despite advances in scaling up new vaccines in low- and middle-income countries, the global number of unvaccinated children has remained high over the past decade. We used 2000–2019 household survey data from 154 surveys representing 89 low- and middle-income countries to assess within-country, economic-related inequality in the prevalence of one-year-old children with zero doses of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Zero-dose DTP prevalence data were disaggregated by household wealth quintile. Difference, ratio, slope index of inequality, concentration index, and excess change measur

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Mondor, Luke, Walter P. Wodchis, and Peter Tanuseputro. "Persistent socioeconomic inequalities in location of death and receipt of palliative care: A population-based cohort study." Palliative Medicine 34, no. 10 (2020): 1393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216320947964.

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Background: Providing equitable care to patients in need across the life course is a priority for many healthcare systems. Aim: To estimate socioeconomic inequality trends in the proportions of decedents that died in the community and that received palliative care within 30 days of death (including home visits and specialist/generalist physician encounters). Design: Cohort study based on health administrative data. Socioeconomic position was measured by area-level material deprivation. Inequality gaps were quantified annually and longitudinally using the slope index of inequality (absolute gap

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Polvinen, Anu, Aart-Jan Riekhoff, Satu Nivalainen, and Susan Kuivalainen. "Educational inequalities in employment of Finns aged 60–68 in 2006–2018." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0276003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276003.

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The aim of this study was to explore the employment of 60–68-year-old men and women by educational level over the period 2006–2018 and the magnitude of educational inequalities in employment. We used individual-level register data from Statistics Finland including all Finns aged 60–68 over a period of 13 years. In addition to calculating employment rates for men and women by educational levels, we estimated the relative index of inequality (RII) and slope index of inequality (SII) to measure the magnitude of relative and absolute educational inequalities in employment. The results show that th

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Bof de Andrade, Fabíola, and Flavia Drumond Andrade. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Brazilians: A Cross-Sectional Study." Dentistry Journal 7, no. 2 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7020039.

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Objective: Assess the magnitude of the socioeconomic inequalities related to the impact of oral health on quality of life among adults and elderly individuals. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the most recent oral health survey from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample included data on 2288 individuals—1159 adults in the 35–44 age group and 1129 adults in the 65–74 age group. Socioeconomic inequalities in Oral Impacts on Daily Performance ratings were measured using two inequality measures: the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequalit

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Meyer, M., K. D. Schuster, H. Schulz, M. Mohr, and J. Piiper. "Alveolar slope and dead space of He and SF6 in dogs: comparison of airway and venous loading." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 3 (1990): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.937.

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Series (Fowler) dead space (VD) and slope of the alveolar plateau of two inert gases (He and SF6) with similar blood-gas partition coefficients (approximately 0.01) but different diffusivities were analyzed in 10 anesthetized paralyzed mechanically ventilated dogs (mean body wt 20 kg). Single-breath constant-flow expirograms were simultaneously recorded in two conditions: 1) after equilibration of lung gas with the inert gases at tracer concentrations [airway loading (AL)] and 2) during steady-state elimination of the inert gases continuously introduced into venous blood by a membrane oxygenat

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Chauhan, Shekhar, Ratna Patel, and Shubham Kumar. "Prevalence, factors and inequalities in chronic disease multimorbidity among older adults in India: analysis of cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI)." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (2022): e053953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053953.

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ObjectiveThis study examines the prevalence, patterns and factors of chronic disease-related multimorbidity. Also, this study examines the inequality in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults in India.DesignCross-sectional study; large nationally representative survey data.Setting and participantsWe have used the first wave of a Longitudinal Ageing Study in India conducted in 2017–2018 across all the 35 states (excluded Sikkim) and union territories in India. This study used information from 31 373 older people aged 60+years in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outco

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Spencer, Nicholas James, Johnny Ludvigsson, Guannan Bai, et al. "Social gradients in ADHD by household income and maternal education exposure during early childhood: Findings from birth cohort studies across six countries." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0264709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264709.

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Objective This study aimed to examine social gradients in ADHD during late childhood (age 9–11 years) using absolute and relative relationships with socioeconomic status exposure (household income, maternal education) during early childhood (<5 years) in seven cohorts from six industrialised countries (UK, Australia, Canada, The Netherlands, USA, Sweden). Methods Secondary analyses were conducted for each birth cohort. Risk ratios, pooled risk estimates, and absolute inequality, measured by the Slope Index of Inequality (SII), were estimated to quantify social gradients in ADHD during late

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Gandhi, Sumirtha, Tulasi Malini Maharatha, Umakant Dash, and Suresh Babu M. "Level of inequality and the role of governance indicators in the coverage of reproductive maternal and child healthcare services: Findings from India." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0258244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258244.

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Background Diligent monitoring of inequalities in the coverage of essential reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health related (RMNCH) services becomes imperative to smoothen the journey towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, we aim to measure the magnitude of inequalities in the coverage of RMNCH services. We also made an attempt to divulge the relationship between the various themes of governance and RMNCH indices. Methods We used National Family Health Survey dataset (2015–16) and Public Affairs Index (PAI), 2016 for the analysis. Two summative indices, namely C

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Chen, Ke, Xin Lu, and Kang Zuo. "On the Oort conjecture for Shimura varieties of unitary and orthogonal types." Compositio Mathematica 152, no. 5 (2016): 889–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x15007794.

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In this paper we study the Oort conjecture concerning the non-existence of Shimura subvarieties contained generically in the Torelli locus in the Siegel modular variety${\mathcal{A}}_{g}$. Using the poly-stability of Higgs bundles on curves and the slope inequality of Xiao on fibered surfaces, we show that a Shimura curve$C$is not contained generically in the Torelli locus if its canonical Higgs bundle contains a unitary Higgs subbundle of rank at least$(4g+2)/5$. From this we prove that a Shimura subvariety of$\mathbf{SU}(n,1)$type is not contained generically in the Torelli locus when a nume

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Sutaria, Shailen, Graham Kirkwood, and Allyson M. Pollock. "An ecological study of NHS funded elective hip arthroplasties in England from 2003/04 to 2012/13." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 112, no. 7 (2019): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076819851701.

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Objectives To examine the impact of NHS-funded private provision on NHS provision, access and inequalities. Design Ecological study using routinely collected NHS inpatient data. Setting England. Participants All individuals undergoing an NHS-funded elective hip arthroplasty in England from 2003/2004 to 2012/2013. Main outcome measures Annual crude and standardised rates of hip arthroplasties per 100,000 population performed by NHS and private providers between 2004/2005 and 2012/2013. Results Age standardised rates of hip arthroplasty increased from 116.4 (95% CI 115.4–117.4) to 148.7 (147.6–1

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Barton, Karen L., Wendy L. Wrieden, Andrea Sherriff, Julie Armstrong, and Annie S. Anderson. "Trends in socio-economic inequalities in the Scottish diet: 2001–2009." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 16 (2015): 2970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015000361.

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AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association between diet and socio-economic position for 2007–2009 and investigate trends in socio-economic inequalities in the Scottish diet between 2001 and 2009.DesignUK food purchase data (collected annually from 2001 to 2009) were used to estimate household-level consumption data. Population mean food consumption, nutrient intakes and energy density were estimated by quintiles of an area-based index of multiple deprivation. Food and nutrient intakes estimated were those targeted for change in Scotland and others indicative of diet quality. The slope and rel

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Acharya, Kiran, Dinesh Dharel, Raj Kumar Subedi, Asmita Bhattarai, and Yuba Raj Paudel. "Inequalities in full vaccination coverage based on maternal education and wealth quintiles among children aged 12–23 months: further analysis of national cross-sectional surveys of six South Asian countries." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (2022): e046971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046971.

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ObjectiveThis study was conducted to compare full vaccination coverage and its inequalities (by maternal education and household wealth quintile).DesignThis further analysis was based on the data from national-level cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from six countries in South Asia.SettingWe used most recent DHS data from six South Asian countries: Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and the Maldives. The sample size of children aged 12–23 months ranged from 6697 in the Maldives to 628 900 in India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo measure absolute and rela

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Leightner, Jonathan. "Using Variable Slope Total Derivative Estimations to Pick between and Improve Macro Models." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 6 (2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15060267.

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Using the same data set, a researcher can obtain very different reduced form estimates just by assuming different macroeconomic models. Reiterative Truncated Projected Least Squares (RTPLS) or Variable Slope Generalized Least Squares (VSGLS) can be used to estimate total derivatives that are not model dependent. These estimates can be used to pick between competing macro models, improve current models, or create new models. A selected survey of RTPLS estimates in the literature reveals several common patterns: (1) as income inequality has surged around the world, the effect of changes in gover

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Lu, Wenlian, and Tianping Chen. "Dynamical Behaviors of Delayed Neural Network Systems with Discontinuous Activation Functions." Neural Computation 18, no. 3 (2006): 683–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.3.683.

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In this letter, without assuming the boundedness of the activation functions, we discuss the dynamics of a class of delayed neural networks with discontinuous activation functions. A relaxed set of sufficient conditions is derived, guaranteeing the existence, uniqueness, and global stability of the equilibrium point. Convergence behaviors for both state and output are discussed. The constraints imposed on the feedback matrix are independent of the delay parameter and can be validated by the linear matrix inequality technique. We also prove that the solution of delayed neural networks with disc

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