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1
OSHIMA, Tadashi, and Takeshi AMISHIMA. "Slope Monitoring System." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 140, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.140.154.
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Wong, Leslie, Susanga Costa, Tanvirul Islam, Jon Missen, Nicole Anderson, Wing Kong Chiu, and Jayantha Kodikara. "Remote monitoring techniques for rehabilitated slope." E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234703007.
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AGL Loy Yang has been intensively engaged and involved in research in the area of rehabilitated mining slopes. A proposal was raised to turn the Loy Yang mine pit into a lake after decommission (in three decades) to achieve safe and stable rehabilitation of the mines. The slope stability of these rehabilitated slopes is one of the major concerns. The slopes are hardly failed spontaneously. Instead, they usually provide indications of distress (cracks and erosion) over some time. Therefore, an ongoing monitoring system may provide valuable time to mitigate the progression of the failure. Distributed optical fibre sensing (DOFS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are emerging new and innovative technologies for remote monitoring a large civil structure for early warnings, alerts and decision making. Both DOFS and UAV have been recently deployed at Loy Yang rehabilitated trial site. The preliminary results have demonstrated their reliability and practicality for these rehabilitated slope monitoring techniques. These remote sensing techniques are compared and discussed in terms of slope monitoring application.
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Yang, Pan, Shu Dong Zhang, Jun Mei Guo, Cheng Xuan Ma, You Cheng Shen, and Jun Yang. "Application of Slope Safety Automatic Monitoring Technology in the Project of Road No.1 in Republic of Congo." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1429.
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Slope safety has been well concerned by the society in recent years. Slope displacement monitoring is an important subject of slope safety and its research has been developing rapidly. In this article, we draw up a pilot slope safety automatic monitoring scheme for the project of Road No.1 in Republic of Congo, which depends on real-time displacement monitoring. This scheme uses fixed inclinometer as its main appliance and achieves wireless data transmission. During this process, we considered both local climate and the characteristics of high slopes along the road, and finished a series of work including monitoring position selection, critical slip surface prediction and finally monitoring system establishment. Our ultimate objective is to achieve real-time monitoring of slope situation, and furthermore set up the relationship among slope displacement, rainfall and time. With the derived relationship we would be able to forecast the development of slope deformation and possible danger caused by the slopes.
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Hearn, G. J., and T. Hunt. "B5 Slope movement monitoring." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 24, no. 1 (2011): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/egsp24.9.
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Kokocňska-Pakiet, Elzbieta. "Monitoring of soil structure." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012055.
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Abstract Based on data from the Central Office of Construction Supervision, there were 5455 construction disasters in Poland between 2008 and 2019. Four thousand twenty-three disasters were caused by random events, of which 110 were caused by landslides. Most of these events took place in 2010, when there were up to 94 disaster-related landslides. Landslides have been occurring with different intensity, significantly influencing the current structure of the Earth surface. In natural conditions, without human intrusion, these phenomena have a character of long-term processes that activate depending on the changes of natural external conditions such as ground saturation with water, area deforestation, high degradation or slopes erosion. Everyone who had contact with landslides knows that it is not a sudden phenomenon, but a process - chain of events occurring one after another and developing with time. This phenomenon forces constant necessity of getting more detailed knowledge of the processes mechanism and character and phenomena occurring inside the slopes. That is why slope monitoring plays such an important role in understanding the mechanism of landslides. In Poland, most structures of this type belong to the second or third geotechnical category in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy (2012). The law obliges the owner of the land on which this type of structure is located to perform inspections and monitoring of its condition. The monitoring of the slope protecting the liquid waste landfill facility located at the food processing plant was analysed in the article. In 1997, the slope was subject to a construction disaster in consequence of washout by the Oder River and too high irrigation of the ground structure. Following the disaster, the slope with the waste reservoirs slid into the river polluting it. Since the reconstruction, the slope is subject to constant monitoring of the external geometry and checking the condition of the ground building the dam. The paper discusses the applied monitoring methods and shows the methodology of conducting the measurements. The results of slope settlement were analysed and compared with model calculations. In conclusion, modern monitoring techniques were shown, which could be applied to this type of structures.
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Santana, Lucas Santos, Gabriel Araújo e. Silva Ferraz, João Paulo Barreto Cunha, Mozarte Santos Santana, Rafael de Oliveira Faria, Diego Bedin Marin, Giuseppe Rossi, Leonardo Conti, Marco Vieri, and Daniele Sarri. "Monitoring Errors of Semi-Mechanized Coffee Planting by Remotely Piloted Aircraft." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061224.
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Mechanized operations on terrain slopes can still lead to considerable errors in the alignment and distribution of plants. Knowing slope interference in semi-mechanized planting quality can contribute to precision improvement in decision making, mainly in regions with high slope. This study evaluates the quality of semi-mechanized coffee planting in different land slopes using a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) and statistical process control (SPC). In a commercial coffee plantation, aerial images were collected by a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) and subsequently transformed into a digital elevation model (DEM) and a slope map. Slope data were subjected to variance analysis and statistical process control (SPC). Dependent variables analyzed were variations in distance between planting lines and between plants in line. The distribution of plants on all the slopes evaluated was below expected; the most impacted was the slope between 20–25%, implementing 7.8% fewer plants than projected. Inferences about the spacing between plants in the planting row showed that in slopes between 30–40%, the spacing was 0.53 m and between 0 and 15% was 0.55 m. This denotes the compensation of the speed of the operation on different slopes. The spacing between the planting lines had unusual variations on steep slopes. The SCP quality graphics are of lower quality in operations between 30–40%, as they have an average spacing of 3.65 m and discrepant points in the graphics. Spacing variations were observed in all slopes as shown in the SCP charts, and possible causes and implications for future management were discussed, contributing to improvements in the culture installation stage.
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Uglova, Evgenia V., Alexander S. Konorev, and Olga V. Konoreva. "Monitoring of Landslide Slope Stability near Construction Facilities." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.288.
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The article dwells on the matters of monitoring of landslide slope stability near construction facilities. The procedure of field experimental research on landslide slopes and road structures thereon with the use of the vibration-measuring system was examined. The procedure of field experimental research on the sections with various levels of ground watering was described to detect differences in the characteristics of dynamic deformation of the landslide and stable sections of the slope. Amplitude-time characteristics of the vertical and tangential components of the surface vibrations on the microseism level and matching amplitude-frequency characteristics were obtained. The criteria of road structure stability on landslide sections of slopes were identified.
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Ishizawa, Tomohiro, Toru Danjo, and Naoki Sakai. "Real-Time Prediction Method for Slope Failure Caused by Rainfall Using Slope Monitoring Records." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2017): 980–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p0980.
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The failure time of a slope is predicted by a method based on creep failure theory for slope displacement on natural slopes, embankments, and cutting slopes. These prediction methods employ several equations based on the relationship between the displacement rate (displacement velocity) and time. However, such methods harbor problems because the shape of the tertiary creep curve is affected by many conditions, and it is difficult to identify the phase of tertiary creep. This study examines the time change in the displacement rate of the slope and derives an index for identifying the phase of tertiary creep. Two models of large-scale composite granite slopes were tested by using a large-scale rainfall simulator. In the experiments, the slope displacements were monitored in real time. From these results, inflection points were found in the velocity of the slope displacement. It was found that the corresponding inflection points at different locations in the sliding soil mass occurred with the same timing. This paper discusses the effectiveness of the prediction method for slope failure time by using the inflection points of displacement rate in real-time monitoring records.
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Tao, Zhigang, Chun Zhu, Xiaohui Zheng, and Manchao He. "Slope stability evaluation and monitoring of Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 2018): 168781401879170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018791707.
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Due to natural environmental conditions and the effect of man, geological disasters (landslides, earthquakes, etc.) pose a serious threat to ancient relics distributed across China. In consideration of the current situation at the Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics, and on the basis of hydrology and geological engineering conditions of ancient relics, major factors affecting slope stability of ancient relics are analyzed. In light of major working condition types in the slopes of ancient relics, slope stability in relation to earthquakes and rainfall is analyzed using GeoStudio software with limit equilibrium methods. Results indicate that, with sustained rainfall, all slopes in the current reinforcement measure maintain a suitable stabilization status, but slope stability will sharply decline in response to an earthquake. Therefore, the influence of mining blasting activities on slope stability is analyzed. In view of the deformation characteristics of ancient copper mines, the sliding force remote monitoring and warning system based on the constant resistance and large deformation anchor bolt is adopted to continuously monitor the stability of the west slope of the relics. Monitoring results show that the application of “mechanical gun” instead of “explosive blasting” mining technique in the open-pit mine has effectively reduced the influence of mining disturbance on the stability of the western slope. As slope deformation of the relics can be effectively monitored and controlled, our findings provide a theoretical basis to analyze slope stability in other similar cultural relics.
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Zhang, Zhuomin, Song He, Chaonan He, Yi Chen, and Haobo Shi. "Research on Highway Slope Disaster Automated Monitoring Method Based on Video Image Processing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2095, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2095/1/012042.
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Abstract With the rapid development of China highway transportation network, a lot of highways have risen in the mountainous areas. And the risk of geological disasters is also increasing. Due to the instability of the geological structure and geological changes, slope landslides and collapses frequently occur. However, there is a lack of effective means and tools in the field of highway slope disaster monitoring. For large and important slopes, various information-based monitoring methods are used, but the effects and practicability are not satisfactory. This paper proposes a highway slope disaster automated monitoring research method based on multi-camera video image processing to solve the previous engineering problems of slope video monitoring. It can quickly identify slope disaster events with centimeter-level monitoring accuracy, which can meet the application requirements of highway engineering. Correspondingly, the disaster emergency response capabilities of highway operators can also be supported and improved.
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Dorthi, Kumar, and K. Ram Chandar. "Slope stability monitoring in opencast coal mine based on wireless data acquisition system-a case study." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.21 (April 20, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.11829.
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Real time monitoring of slope failures is necessary to maintain the stability of slopes in open cast mines. A 3-level structure of Wireless Data Acquisition System (WDAQ) is developed for real time monitoring of slope deformation and analysis of data. In this paper, a case study is presented in a large opencast coal mine. Deformation in the slopes with slope angles of 49o, 53o, 58o, 64o, 68o and 70o is monitored over old underground workings. The deformation caused due to the external load like movement Heavy Earth Moving Machinery (HEMM). Maximum deformation was 1.57mm for slope angle of 70o. It can be observed that the deformation increased with increased slope angle. This paper also describes that the validation of data based on WDAQ with the conventional method of monitoring as well as numerical modeling. The data obtained using WDAQ is in close to other two methods. The variation is around 11%.
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Zhang, Ruichong, Shiwei Wu, Chengyu Xie, and Qingfa Chen. "Risk Monitoring Level of Stope Slopes and Landslides in High-Altitude and Cold Mines." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 7581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137581.
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To study the landslide risk of high-altitude and cold stope slopes, the slope deformation index and landslide risk standards at home and abroad for many years were analyzed and summarized. Using the unascertained measurement model, combined with the analytic hierarchy process, using the Dongbang slope of the Beizhan Iron Mine in Hejing County, Xinjiang, as the research object, the detailed geological data of the slope were obtained, and nine factors affecting the landslide risk of the slope were analyzed. When calculating the weight of each factor, the actual situation of the slope was used as the standard, and the weight of each factor was determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Then, the undetermined measurement matrix of the slope was determined by the statistical method combined with the expert scoring results. Finally, an unconfirmed measurement model for landslide risk grade evaluation of the Dongbang slope of the Beizhan Iron Mine was formed, and the landslide risk monitoring grade evaluation was carried out on the slope in the cold area. The results show that the landslide risk monitoring level of the Dongbang slope in Beizhan Iron Mine is grade II, which indicates that there is a possibility of mild landslide risk for the slope in this cold area. The research results can provide a reference for the risk level and risk assessment of high-altitude alpine slopes.
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Meng, Xiang Tian, Shi Zhe Yu, Zhu Feng Li, and He Xing Wen. "The Slope Monitoring Method Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.834.
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The slope monitoring is the basis of slope management and ensure the safety of slope, is regarded year by year. This paper mainly introduced several kinds of more advanced, more commonly used slope monitoring method, elaborated the key from the principle and advantages and disadvantages, and analyzed the application of open-pit mine monitoring equipment from the Huogeqi mining area. It will have certain reference significance for selection of open-pit mine slope monitoring method.
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Yang, Panpan, Nianqin Wang, Zhongyan Jiang, Yan Yang, and Heping Yan. "Overview of Slope Monitoring Technology." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 472 (February 18, 2019): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/472/1/012009.
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Muntohar, Agus Setyo, Nurul Fata, Apiniti Jotisankasa, and Kuo-Hsin Yang. "Suction Monitoring and Stability of Volcanic-Residual Soil Slope during Rainfall." Civil Engineering Dimension 22, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.22.2.67-73.
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Some slopes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were covered by volcanic soil of the quaternary deposit of Merapi volcano. Typically, the soil layers of the slope consist of fine sand or silty sand. During the wet season (November – February), the slope is prone to instability due to rainfall infiltration. This paper presents the field suction monitoring of silty-sand slope. A 2.57 m high slope at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta campus was instrumented with a mini tensiometer, moisture probe, and rain gauge to study the effect of suction on the slope stability during rainfall in wet season. The investigation shows that the rainfall decreases the suction and increase the moisture of soil. This situation leads to slope instability. The factor of safety fluctuates corresponding to the rainfall intensity. The lowest factor of safety was attained on 30 December, in which the rainfall intensity is the highest, i.e. 48 mm/day.
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Ishak, M. F., Koay B.K, M. S. I. Zaini, and M. F. Zolkepli. "Investigation and Monitoring of Groundwater Level: Building Crack Near to IIUM Kuantan." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Sciences 5, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijets.v5i3.1129.
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The objective of this study is to analyze groundwater level on slope that effect the slope stability. In this research, the instrumentation monitoring equipment were applied to investigate the groundwater due to the rainfalls that effected to slope stability. Groundwater level were related to rainfall intensity and pore water pressure as the simulation of behavior of the groundwater pattern through slope model were produced. The result indicates that the pore water pressure and groundwater level are facilitated to be fluctuated by heavy rainfall. Moreover, the different part of slopes need to be compared and it was found that the bottom part of the slope has high concentration of groundwater and pore water pressure due to the rainfall cumulative effects. The result also indicates that the bottom slope is worse when it is subjected to a high groundwater level. Thus, the rising of groundwater level due to rainfall was the main reason for the slope resulted in unstable condition.
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Feng, Bo, Jian Xiu Wang, Pu Zhuo Tian, and Peng Fei Si. "Experimental Study on Rainfall-Induced Three-Dimensional Deformation Characteristics of a Slope." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.133.
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Most of slopes in nature have three-dimensional characteristics, such as displacement field, sliding surface, and mechanical mechanisms. Slope monitoring should take the three-dimensional characteristics into consideration to make monitoring networks arranged reasonably. In this paper, the Lijiazhai high slope on Shi-Ji highway is taken as engineering prototype. A similarity material of high density, low elastic modulus, and low intensity is produced. The deformation and failure characteristics of the high slope under moderate, heavy, and Torrential rain are simulated. The results show that the deformation of Lijiazhai high slope has obvious three-dimensional features. On bases of the model test, operational guidance and advice for long-term monitoring are provided.
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Lian, Xugang, Zoujun Li, Hongyan Yuan, Haifeng Hu, Yinfei Cai, and Xiaoyu Liu. "Determination of the Stability of High-Steep Slopes by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Monitoring in Long Wall Mining." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10061952.
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Surface movement and deformation induced by underground coal mining causes slopes to collapse. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) real-time monitoring can provide early warnings and prevent disasters. A stability analysis of high-steep slopes was conducted in a long wall mine in China, and a GNSS real-time monitoring system was established. The moving velocity and displacement at the monitoring points were an integrated response to the influencing factors of mining, topography, and rainfall. Underground mining provided a continuous external driving force for slope movement, the steep terrain provided sufficient slip conditions in the slope direction, and rainfall had an acceleration effect on slope movement. The non-uniform deformation, displacement field, and time series images of the slope body revealed that ground failure was concentrated in the area of non-uniform deformation. The non-uniform deformation was concentrated ahead of the working face, the speed of deformation behind the working face was reduced, the instability of the slope body was increased, and the movement of the top of the slope was larger than at the foot. The high-steep slope stability in the mine was influenced by the starting deformation (low stability), iso-accelerated deformation (increased stability), deformation deceleration (reduced stability), and deformation remaining unchanged (improved stability).
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Xiao, Dianliang, Tiantao Zhang, Xudong Zhou, Guangshun Zheng, and Haoran Song. "Safety Monitoring of Expressway Construction Based on Multisource Data Fusion." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (September 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8856360.
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China’s terrain is complex, both plain, microhill (heavy-hill) and mountainous terrain; the hidden dangers of highway construction are prominent. Construction site management, production safety management, and construction personnel management are difficult, and it is necessary to borrow advanced technology to establish information, and it is necessary to borrow advanced technology to establish information system to realize the visualization of safety monitoring. In the construction of highways, mountainous terrain is often complicated due to complex terrain, high mountains, and deep valleys. Excavation of the mountain mass is required to form high and steep slopes. For successful projects, safety monitoring is particularly important. Multisource data fusion is one of the computer application technologies. It is an information processing technology that is automatically analyzed and synthesized under certain criteria to complete the required decision-making and evaluation tasks. This paper analyzes high-speed data in the context of multisource data fusion. Study on highway slope construction safety monitoring. BP neural network fusion technology of multisource data fusion technology is used. A high-speed breccia-bearing silty clay slope is taken as the research object. The feedback information about the deployed monitoring system is fully used in the slope design and construction. The construction design parameters are reversed to predict the stability of the slope and ensure the safety of construction and operation of similar slopes of the entire expressway. The research in this paper finds that the maximum deviation between the slope displacement value and the measured value obtained by the slope monitoring based on multisource data fusion in this paper is 7.53%, which is less than 10%, which verifies the feasibility of the method in this paper. The research methods and ideas of this paper can also provide a reference for similar engineering research.
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Dixon, N., and M. Spriggs. "Quantification of slope displacement rates using acoustic emission monitoring." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 8 (August 2007): 966–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-046.
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In soil slopes, developing shear surfaces generate acoustic emission (AE). The authors have previously proposed the use of active waveguides for monitoring the stability of such slopes. Active waveguides consist of a steel tube installed in a preformed borehole through a slope with coarse-grained soil backfill placed in the annulus around the tube. Deformation of the host soil generates AE in the active waveguide. Field trials of this system reported previously have shown that AE rates are linked to slope deformation rates. This paper extends the study by detailing a method for quantifying slope movement rates using an active waveguide. A series of laboratory experiments are presented and used to define the relationship between AE event count rate and displacement rate. The method was shown to differentiate rates within an order of magnitude, which is consistent with standard landslide movement classification (i.e., 1–0.001 mm/min), using a relationship derived between the gradient of the event count rate with time and the deformation rate. In addition, it was possible to detect a change in displacement rate within 2 min of it occurring even at very slow rates (i.e., 0.0018 mm/min). Knowledge of changes in displacement rate is important in situations where slope movements are suddenly triggered or displacements accelerate in response to a destabilizing event. Field trials of a real-time AE monitoring system are currently in progress to compare performance against traditional instrumentation.
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Malysheva, E. S., A. V. Malyshev, and I. G. Kostin. "Complex Analysis of Data from Agrochemical and Soil-Erosion Monitoring Using Geoinformation Systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 032070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/3/032070.
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Abstract The article describes a comprehensive analysis of agrochemical and soil erosion monitoring data, using the example of the Alekseevsky district of the Belgorod region with the use of a geoinformation system. The GIS automatically generates tables with data grouped by various characteristics: soil type, degree of erosion, slope steepness and exposure. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter, and the level of soil acidity in the context of the district in areas with different exposures, the degree of erosion and the steepness of the slope was analyzed. The most productive soils are located on the plain, followed by the slopes of the northern exposure, neutral, then southern. Erosion processes occur more strongly mainly on the slopes of the southern exposure, and the northern slopes are characterized by humidity. Down the slope, the nutrient content decreases, the level of soil acidity increases.
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Yuan, Liwei, Chenyang Li, Sumin Li, Xiangsong Ma, Wei Zhang, Darong Liu, Guangjin Wang, Feihong Chen, and Xiaojian Hou. "Mine Slope Stability Based on Fusion Technology of InSAR Monitoring and Numerical Simulation." Scientific Programming 2022 (January 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8643586.
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In this paper, the slope of the open pit of Dahongshan iron ore mine in Yunnan is taken as the research object, the safety coefficient and settlement values of the slope under natural and rainfall conditions are derived by the finite element software Midas/GTS, and the surface settlement versus time is produced by fusing the InSAR monitoring results of the study area for a whole year to judge the stability of the open pit slope. The results show that the settlement and deformation areas shown by numerical simulation and InSAR monitoring results are consistent; the comparison between InSAR monitoring results and rainfall intensity shows that the cumulative value of slope settlement has a high correlation with heavy rainfall. The safety coefficients of the slopes of the open pit under natural conditions and rainfall conditions are 1.50 and 1.21, the cumulative value of settlement in InSAR monitoring data for one year is 18.4 mm, and no obvious large deformation area is found. The use of numerical simulation combined with InSAR monitoring can realize the analysis of the stability of the slope of the open pit mine.
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Fujita, Masaharu, Seitaro Ohshio, and Daizo Tsutsumi. "A Prediction Method for Slope Failure by Means of Monitoring of Water Content in Slope-Soil Layer." Journal of Disaster Research 5, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2010.p0296.
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Slope failure is generally predicted based on rainfall data. For example, a critical line for slope failure in an area is drawn on coordinates of hourly and cumulative precipitations, and we can predict that slope failure occur somewhere in the area when rainfall condition crosses the critical line into the occurrence region. As slope failure depends greatly on the water content condition in slope-soil layer before the rainfall event, the rainfall amount up to slope failure occurrence must be different. Also, such a method merely predicts the possibility of slope failure in the area at a time stage of the rainfall event. In this paper slope failure was simulated under different geographical and rainfall conditions, taking actual slopes as examples, and the simulation results indicate that water content in an individual slope-soil layer is an adequate index for predicting the collapse of the slope. The characteristics of sediment disaster such as the relationship between slope failure magnitude and rainfall condition is discussed and an idea for evacuation system for successively occurrence of slope failures based on the index is presented.
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Ngadiman, Norhayati, Ibrahim Adham Badrulhissham, Mazlan Mohamad, Nurazira Azhari, Masiri Kaamin, and Nor Baizura Hamid. "Monitoring Slope Condition Using UAV Technology." Civil Engineering and Architecture 7, no. 6A (December 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/cea.2019.071401.
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Wei, Yukun, Anders B. Lundberg, and Fredrik Resare. "Systematic slope stability assessment through deformation field monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 18009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199218009.
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Field monitoring is frequently carried out during excavations and other geotechnical activities and provides additional information during the execution of a construction project. The interpretation of field monitoring data is often obscured by measurement noise and disturbance, and a systematic approach to assess both the quality and implications of the field monitoring data is very helpful in geotechnical practice. The possibility to infer practical conclusions from the field monitoring data depends on the type of field measurements, especially in monitoring of the stability of slopes. Pore pressure measurements can serve as a direct measurement of utilized soil strength for a slope, while deformation measurements are significantly more ambiguous and complicates the interpretation. The assessment of slope stability through field monitoring of deformations requires inverse or back analysis of the soil properties, followed by a forward analysis of the resulting slope stability. Such an inverse or back analysis is frequently influenced by non-uniqueness of the material properties and the stability of the measurement data. Systematic approaches to inverse or back analysis have been demonstrated in the scientific literature, but the practical use of these methods is not entirely straight-forward. The current paper presents a case study of systematic slope stability assessment through field measurements of deformations with a review of the field monitoring programme, numerical simulations of deformations, and a simplified approach to back analysis of the soil parameters. The excavation of a slope in an urban environment including layers of organic clay covered with highly heterogeneous gravel fill is used as an example of geotechnical back analysis. The aim is to elucidate some of the challenges in geotechnical back analysis while providing some practical solutions for practice.
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Li, Tao, Mahdi Motagh, Mingzhou Wang, Wei Zhang, Chunlong Gong, Xunan Xiong, Jinping He, Lulu Chen, and Jingnan Liu. "Earth and Rock-Filled Dam Monitoring by High-Resolution X-Band Interferometry: Gongming Dam Case Study." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (January 26, 2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030246.
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Middle-sized earth- and rock-filled dams with clay cores continue to settle by approximately 0.5–1.5% of their height for approximately 1–3 years after their construction phase. This paper investigates the use of high-resolution spaceborne Synthetic aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry to monitor this settlement process, with the case of the Gongming dam in China. The varieties of slope foreshortening and stretching in the radar coordinates are attributed to the radar’s local incidence angle and the dam’s slope heading, which are analysed in detail. Focusing on the embankment slope settlement analysis, the equations for calculating foreshortening and the line-of-sight deformation decomposition are derived in detail for the adjustment and data fusing. The scattering characteristics of different materials on the dam surface are analysed, including the grass slope, concrete slope, top road (crest), top wall, step, and ditch. According to the analysis of the precipitation data from a local meteorological station, the coherence losses on the slopes are mainly caused by surface moisture. Both the TerraSAR-X Spotlight (TSX-SL) data and the COSMO-SkyMed Strip Mode (CSK-SM) data are analysed by the stacking method to assess the slopes’ deformations. The TSX-SL data results show the highest rate of settlement as 2 cm/yr on the top of the dam slope, consistent with the clay core shrinking process. The CSK-SM data show a similar trend in the lower part of the dam slope but underestimate the deformation in the upper part of the slope.
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Sako, Kazunari, Ryoichi Fukagawa, and Tomoaki Satomi. "Slope Monitoring System at a Slope Behind an Important Cultural Asset." Journal of Disaster Research 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2011.p0070.
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Rainfall-induced slope failure has been responsible for great death and destruction in Japan. This is thus a primary consideration in preserving Japan’s many cultural important temples, palaces, and similar structures, especially in the ancient capital of Kyoto, where many important cultural assets are located on hillsides and near mountains. Our objective is to construct a slope-disaster warning system using real-time field measurement data, in-situ and laboratory testing, and numerical models. We set up field monitoring on a slope behind an important cultural asset in July 2004 to measure pore-water pressure, temperature, and rainfall intensity [1]. We firstly introduce our slope-disaster warning concept and field measurement results for the slope behind the important cultural asset in Kyoto. And then we discuss the relationship of rainfall intensity, seepage behavior, and slope failure based on monitoring data and model test results using a soil box apparatus.
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Lee, Kyutae, Ali R. Firoozfar, and Marian Muste. "Technical Note: Monitoring of unsteady open channel flows using the continuous slope-area method." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 3 (March 30, 2017): 1863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1863-2017.
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Abstract. The advent of low-cost pressure transducers capable of directly measuring water surface elevation enables continuous measurements of dynamic water surface slopes. This opens up a new possibility of dynamically monitoring unsteady flows (i.e., hysteresis) during the course of flood wave propagation. Hysteresis in this context refers to a looped stage–discharge rating caused by unsteadiness of flows. Hysteresis is monitored in this study using a continuous slope area (CSA) method, which uses Manning's equation to calculate unsteady discharges based on continuously measured water surface slopes. In the rising stage, water surface slopes become steeper than a steady water surface slope, resulting in higher discharges than steady-based discharges, while the trends are reversed in the falling stage. The CSA method applied to Clear Creek near Oxford (Iowa, USA) estimates the maximum differences of peak discharges by 30–40 %, while it shows sound agreements for a low to medium range of discharges against USGS steady-based records. The primary cause of these differences is the use of a single channel bed slope in deriving Manning's roughness coefficients. The use of a single channel bed slope (conceptually equal to the water surface slopes at every stage in uniform flow conditions) causes substantial errors in estimating the channel roughness, specifically at high stages, because non-uniformities of natural channels result in varying (non-uniform) steady water surface slopes at each stage. While the CSA method is promising for dynamically tracking unsteady water surface slopes and flows in natural streams, more studies are still needed to increase the accuracy of the CSA method in future research.
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Smith, Alister, and Neil Dixon. "Quantification of landslide velocity from active waveguide–generated acoustic emission." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 4 (April 2015): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0226.
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Acoustic emission (AE) has become an established approach to monitor stability of soil slopes. However, the challenge has been to develop strategies to interpret and quantify deformation behaviour from the measured AE. AE monitoring of soil slopes commonly utilizes an active waveguide that is installed in a borehole through the slope and comprises a metal waveguide rod or tube with a granular backfill surround. When the host slope deforms, the column of granular backfill also deforms and this generates AE that can propagate along the waveguide. Results from the commissioning of dynamic shear apparatus used to subject full-scale active waveguide models to simulated slope movements are presented. The results confirm that AE rates generated are proportional to the rate of deformation, and the coefficient of proportionality that defines the relationship has been quantified (e.g., 4.4 × 105 for the angular gravel examined). It is demonstrated that slope velocities can be quantified continuously in real time through monitoring active waveguide–generated AE during a slope failure simulation. The results show that the technique can quantify landslide velocity to better than an order of magnitude (i.e., consistent with standard landslide movement classification) and can therefore be used to provide an early warning of slope instability through detecting and quantifying accelerations of slope movement.
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Duan, Bao Fu, Meng Zhang, Yan Xin Lv, Cheng Bo Zhai, and Xian He Weng. "Stability Evaluation on High Rock Slope of Open-Pit for Ash Storage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.342.
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Slopes of open-pit mine and ash storage are likely to occur the geological disasters of landslides, collapse, ground deforms and so on, due to geological structure, mining activity, etc. Lai Zhou Power plant is going to use the open-pit of Cang Shang gold mine as the ash storage field. Therefore, the long-term stability of the slope is of great significance. Through the geological investigation and analysis of open-pit mine slope, the conditions of geological and tectonic are summarized. On the basis of field monitoring, the stability of the slope is analyzed in detail. The estimated results can better correspond to the actual stability of the open-pit slope. Feasible practical control scheme and monitoring program are put forward according to the engineering practice
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Jia, Chunfeng, Baoping Sun, Xinxiao Yu, and Xiaohui Yang. "Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Losses from a Sloped Roadbed under Variable Rainfall Intensities and Vegetation Conditions." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052077.
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Vegetation plays an important role in reducing soil erosion. By exploring the allocation and coverage of different types of vegetation, we can improve management practices that can significantly reduce soil erosion. In this experiment, we study runoff and sediment losses on a shrub-grass planted, grass planted, and bare slope under different rainfall intensities. Results showed that the runoff generation time for the three subgrade types decreased as rainfall intensity increased (p < 0.05). The slopes planted with either grass or shrub-grass were able to effectively delay runoff generation. As rainfall intensity increased, the runoff amount increased for all treatments, with runoff in the bare slope increasing the most. The runoff reduction rate from the shrub-grass slope ranged from 54.20% to 63.68%, while the reduction rate from the slope only planted with grass ranged from 38.59% to 55.37%. The sediment yield from the bare slope increased from 662.66 g/m2 (15 mm/h) to 2002.95 g/m2 (82 mm/h) with increasing rainfall intensity in the plot. When compared with the bare slope, both the shrub-grass and planted grass slopes were able to retain an additional 0.9 g/m2 to 4.9 g/m2 of sediment, respectively. An accurate relationship between rainfall intensity, sloped vegetation types, and runoff reduction rate was obtained by regression analysis and validated. These results can provide a reference for improving soil and water conservation via improved vegetation allocation on a sloped roadbed.
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Avramova-Tacheva, Elka, and Nikolai Dobrev. "On the application of 3D monitoring methods of active fault and gravitational movements in Bulgaria." Geologica Balcanica 36, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2007): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.36.3-4.13.
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The paper considers the application methods for 3D monitoring of slow landslide and fault movements. The most representative cases in Bulgaria are presented as the following: the deep-seated landslides Taukliman and Zlatni Pyasatsi (North Black Sea Coast), Krupnik Fault and a seismogenic rockfall at Krupnik Village. The diagrams of recorded movements show various types of long-term and short-term movements, sharp changes of rates and/or directions of movements; resulted by factors as earthquakes, temperature fluctuations etc. Generally, three main cases can be outlined as follows: 1. Monitoring fault structures in non-slope area or in a slope with no manifested deformation, in area with suspected contemporary tectonic activity, in brief – monitoring of fault movements; 2. Monitoring slope areas without active faults in a close proximity and with manifested slope deformation of a block type, in brief — monitoring of gravitational movements; 3. Monitoring of fault structures in slopes with gravitational deformations, as well as various combinations between fault and gravitational movements. The monitoring of fault movements shows a clearly expressed trend of horizontal and/or vertical slip (axes Y and Z). The movements along axis X express are usually influenced by temperature deformations in the rock medium. The monitoring point B6 at Krupnik Fault show good results for the strike-slip movements — 2.7 mm per year (sinistral movement). The monitoring of gravitational movements is applied successfully at deep-seated landslides, which are distributed along North Black Sea Coast. These movements can be easily monitored and even predicted. They are well expressed at all spatial direction. However the seasonal temperature fluctuations usually impact the axes X and Y. The interpretation of data from measurements of fault structures in slopes with gravitational deformations is usually hampered by the superposition of two processes when in some moment one of them could have masked or reinforced the other. A relevant example is the monitoring of a deep tectonic fissure at the boundary of slope deformation in the laid wall of Krupnik Fault. There is no clearly manifested trend of movement along all three directions. Frequent minor jumps are typical. They are most probably related to: the mechanism of the movements of the blocks in front and back of the fissure down the slope, the resistance of horizontal and vertical slide along the fissure and the effects of nearby earthquakes.
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Comegna, Luca, Emilia Damiano, Roberto Greco, Andrea Guida, Lucio Olivares, and Luciano Picarelli. "Field hydrological monitoring of a sloping shallow pyroclastic deposit." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 7 (July 2016): 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0344.
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Many mountainous areas in Campania, southern Italy, are characterized by steep slopes covered by unsaturated volcanic deposits. Shallow landslides are frequently triggered by intense and persistent rainfall events, often turning into debris flows that cause huge damage and casualties. Field hydrological monitoring is a useful tool to develop consistent models of slope response to rainfall, in terms of soil suction and moisture, and to define landslide triggering conditions. This is one of the reasons why since 2002 field monitoring is being carried out in Cervinara, around 50 km northeast of Naples. Since October 2009, rainfall height, soil suction and water content at several locations and depths along the slope are automatically being monitored. The data collected help to demonstrate the effectiveness of such a system for better understanding the hydrological processes occurring in similar slopes of Campania, allowing to distinguish between seasonal suction fluctuations, related to long-term meteorological forcing, and short-term response to rainstorms.
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Cheskidov, Vasilii, Hendrik Grobler, Dmitrii Kurenkov, and Alexandra Lipina. "Slope Monitoring Systems Design for Mining Enterprises." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401025.
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The fast development of technologies for the collection, processing and interpretation of information, as well as significant complication of mining natural-technical systems, leads to the emergence of a need to revise the principles of monitoring mining facilities. The operation of modern sloping structures in mining enterprises is associated with high industrial and environmental risks, since the possibility of emergencies remains, and the scope of the accident consequences can be continental. The current conditions of mining require the development of new principles to assess and forecast the status of dumps, open pit slopes, tailings dams, and hydraulic dumps. The developed typification of mining and geological phenomena and factors that affect the stability of sloping structures allows the design of monitoring systems of their state with consideration to each object’s specifics. Besides, this approach is formalized and allows its implementation in conditions of digital technologies progress. The development of detailed models of slope structures, which should become their digital twins, at last, enables to evaluate the current state of the observed object at all stages of its life cycle, based on received surveying, engineering-geological and hydrogeological information, and predict the slope structure behavior in the short term and medium term. The main task to be solved is the creation of principles for the organization of monitoring at mining enterprises that will enhance environmental and industrial safety in conditions of significant complication of mining and geological conditions of operated mineral deposits.
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Lucas, Daisy, Kerstin Fankhauser, Hansruedi Maurer, Brian McArdell, Reto Grob, Ralf Herzog, Ernst Bleiker, and Sarah M. Springman. "Slope Stability of a Scree Slope Based on Integrated Characterisation and Monitoring." Water 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020447.
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Three years of geotechnical seasonal field monitoring including soil temperature, suction and volumetric water content plus geophysical measurements, lead to a preliminary ground model and assessment of slope stability for a steep scree slope in the Meretschibach catchment, near Agarn village in the Swiss Alps. Building on data reported in a previous paper, which focused on preliminary ground characterisation and seasonal field monitoring, this current research aims to understand whether a surficial failure in the scree slope, triggered by rainfall and depending on bedrock conditions, would represent a relevant natural hazard for Agarn village. A final year of field data is included as well as site-specific sensor calibration, a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profile, and laboratory triaxial testing to provide strength parameters. A bedrock map is presented, based on GPR, with a realistic ground model of the entire scree slope. Furthermore, a preliminary numerical analysis, performed using SEEP-SLOPE/W, shows the influence of a bedrock outcrop observed in the field, for a specific soil thickness, strength parameters and rain intensity. The stability of a gravelly slope decreases with groundwater flow over a step in the bedrock, and the location of the failure will tend to move uphill of a bedrock outcrop at a shallow depth as groundwater flow increases.
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GANAPATHY, P., Vladislav ZAALISHVILI, S. CHANDRASEKARAN, and Dmitry MELKOV. "INTEGRATED MONITORING OF SLOPE PROCESS IN INDIA AND RUSSIA." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2020-12-4-572-581.
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The common approach to landslide prediction is the integration of the observed landslide displacements, soil properties, and rainfall estimation into predictive models. In general, monitoring the evolution of an unstable slope may provide valuable information to gain a better understanding of the active prediction and early warning processes for potential geodisasters. With this background an initiation has taken between India and Russia to develop cost effective methodology to monitor landslides under the Indo Russian Bilateral Collaborative Projects by DSTRFBR. Based on the hazard assessment The Nilgiris District in Tamil Nadu and Wayanad and Idukki Districts in Kerela area identified for further detailed study on monitoring Vulnerable slopes. On the territory of North Ossetia three sites of different mass volume and differenent activity rates were selected. Landslides that have not moved for years (for example Luarskiy landslide) commonly reactivate if ground water levels change dramatically, particularly when water penetrates old ground cracks, or construction activity creates slope modification that reduces stability.
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Zhang, Lie Ping, and Ping Wang. "Design of Slope Deformation Monitoring System Based on WSN." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.953.
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In view of the present high hardware and communications problems of slope deformation monitoring, design a set based on wireless sensor network (WSN) of the slope deformation monitoring system.The system sets up a platform for wireless sensor network through the TI chip CC2530 and free ZigBee protocol,including the sensor node,the router nodes,the coordinator node,and the use of Kingview realizes the monitoring configuration data of slope deep displacement and ground water.By testing,the system can effectively realize the monitoring of the slope data,reduces the cost of the slope deformation monitoring.
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Tao, Zhigang, Kuiming Liu, Xuebin Cui, Xiaobing Qiao, and Xiaoming Sun. "Infrared Temperature Law and Deformation Monitoring of Layered Bedding Rock Slope under Static Load." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 19, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8818278.
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China is a mountainous and hilly country with frequent large-scale landslides with complicated mechanisms and serious damage. The layered rock slopes have the worst stability, undergo the most serious damage, and have been rarely investigated due to limitations of measurement methods and instruments. Taking the Nanfen open-pit iron mine as an example, a physical large-model similarity ratio test system is used to simulate the landslide remote monitoring process. The development of the sliding surface, stress-strain characteristics, and infrared law of the bedded rock slope are analyzed. Results show that the anchor cable with constant resistance and large deformation plays a significant role in the stability of the slope, and its maximum slip force is 420 N and 630 N, respectively. Slip and crack are the main mechanisms of energy release in layered rock slope. Some scheme improvement measures for this kind of test are put forward, which provides basis and optimization scheme for the subsequent study of layered rock slope.
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He, Zhi Yong, and Xiu Long Yang. "The High Slope Stability Monitoring of the Operation Period Highway." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6414.
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The number of the high slope along the highway is much more, except this, the geological conditions is complex. To ensure the driving safety and the normal operation of the highway, it’s meaningful to monitor the deformation trend of high slope and discover abnormal phenomenon timely and treat it. The paper taking freeway high slope monitoring project as an example, study the purpose of high slope stability monitoring, the monitoring method and the setting of the monitoring net. It also analysis the monitoring results. The results show that the monitoring spot displacements of the slope are small and there is no symptom to occur geological disaster such as landslide, slump, avalanches and so on. The slope is basically stable. The monitoring result has verified the feasibility and the effectiveness of the monitoring scheme. Expecting this can offer reference and gather experience for similar projects
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Fobert, Mary-Anne, Vern Singhroy, and John G. Spray. "InSAR Monitoring of Landslide Activity in Dominica." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040815.
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Dominica is a geologically young, volcanic island in the eastern Caribbean. Due to its rugged terrain, substantial rainfall, and distinct soil characteristics, it is highly vulnerable to landslides. The dominant triggers of these landslides are hurricanes, tropical storms, and heavy prolonged rainfall events. These events frequently lead to loss of life and the need for a growing portion of the island’s annual budget to cover the considerable cost of reconstruction and recovery. For disaster risk mitigation and landslide risk assessment, landslide inventory and susceptibility maps are essential. Landslide inventory maps record existing landslides and include details on their type, location, spatial extent, and time of occurrence. These data are integrated (when possible) with the landslide trigger and pre-failure slope conditions to generate or validate a susceptibility map. The susceptibility map is used to identify the level of potential landslide risk (low, moderate, or high). In Dominica, these maps are produced using optical satellite and aerial images, digital elevation models, and historic landslide inventory data. This study illustrates the benefits of using satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to refine these maps. Our study shows that when using continuous high-resolution InSAR data, active slopes can be identified and monitored. This information can be used to highlight areas most at risk (for use in validating and updating the susceptibility map), and can constrain the time of occurrence of when the landslide was initiated (for use in landslide inventory mapping). Our study shows that InSAR can be used to assist in the investigation of pre-failure slope conditions. For instance, our initial findings suggest there is more land motion prior to failure on clay soils with gentler slopes than on those with steeper slopes. A greater understanding of pre-failure slope conditions will support the generation of a more dependable susceptibility map. Our study also discusses the integration of InSAR deformation-rate maps and time-series analysis with rainfall data in support of the development of rainfall thresholds for different terrains. The information provided by InSAR can enhance inventory and susceptibility mapping, which will better assist with the island’s current disaster mitigation and resiliency efforts.
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YAMAGUCHI, Umetaro. "Rock Slope Monitoring, over 20 years long." Journal of MMIJ 134, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.134.159.
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Caicedo, Bernardo, and Fernando Patino-Ramirez. "Acoustic emission instrumentation method for slope monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 18010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199218010.
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Applications using acoustic emission techniques have shown promising results for slope monitoring. This study proposes a modified active waveguide slope monitoring device with AE measurement at either end of the device which is capable of calculating deformation profiles in real time besides its common use as an alarm method. The coupled calibration methodology allows the location of the slip surface and quantification of slope displacement accounting for the efficiency of the sensors and for attenuation due to distance between an event and the sensors. An analysis software is presented too, in order to propose the algorithms necessary to quantify deformation profiles in real time. The present study proposed some guidelines to perform further field testing based on the procedures and analysis algorithms proposed that showed promising laboratory results.
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Lee, Yonghee, Weon-Hack Choi, and Seok-Chul Kim. "Slope monitoring system for nuclear power plants." Nuclear Engineering and Design 347 (June 2019): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.03.019.
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Damiano, E., L. Olivares, and L. Picarelli. "Steep-slope monitoring in unsaturated pyroclastic soils." Engineering Geology 137-138 (June 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.03.002.
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Muntaha, Mohammad. "Jombok Slope Stabilty Monitoring System: an Overview." Jurnal Aplikasi Teknik Sipil 13, no. 1 (February 19, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j12345678.v13i1.1589.
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Osasan, Kayode S., and Thomas B. Afeni. "Review of surface mine slope monitoring techniques." Journal of Mining Science 46, no. 2 (March 2010): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10913-010-0023-8.
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Kolesnikov, Yu I., M. M. Nemirovich-Danchenko, S. V. Goldin, and V. S. Seleznev. "Slope stability monitoring from microseismic field using polarization methodology." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 6 (December 31, 2003): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-515-2003.
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Abstract. Numerical simulation of seismoacoustic emission (SAE) associated with fracturing in zones of shear stress concentration shows that SAE signals are polarized along the stress direction. The proposed polarization methodology for monitoring of slope stability makes use of three-component recording of the microseismic field on a slope in order to pick the signals of slope processes by filtering and polarization analysis. Slope activity is indicated by rather strong roughly horizontal polarization of the respective portion of the field in the direction of slope dip. The methodology was tested in microseismic observations on a landslide slope in the Northern Tien-Shan (Kyrgyzstan).
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Ma, K., N. W. Xu, and Z. Z. Liang. "Stability Assessment of the Excavated Rock Slope at the Dagangshan Hydropower Station in China Based on Microseismic Monitoring." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 9, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4567258.
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A high-resolution microseismic (MS) monitoring system was implemented at the right bank slope of the Dagangshan hydropower station in May 2010 to analyse the slope stability subjected to continuous excavation. The MS monitoring system could real-time capture a large number of seismic events occurring inside the rock slope. The identification and delineation of rock mass damage subject to excavation and consolidation grouting can be conducted based on the analysis of tempospatial distribution of MS events. However, how to qualitatively evaluate the stability of the rock slope by utilizing these MS data remains challenging. A damage model based on MS data was proposed to analyse the rock mass damage, and a 3D finite element method model of the rock slope was also established. The deteriorated mechanical parameters of rock mass were determined according to the model elements considering the effect of MS damage. With this method, we can explore the effect of MS activities, which are caused by rock mass damage subjected to excavation and strength degradation to the dynamic instability of the slope. When the MS damage effect was taken into account, the safety factor of the rock slope was reduced by 0.18 compared to the original rock slope model without considering the effect. The simulated results show that MS activities, which are subjected to excavation unloading, have only a limited effect on the stability of the right bank slope. The proposed method is proven to be a better approach for the dynamical assessment of rock slope stability and will provide valuable references for other similar rock slopes.
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Iwanicki-Caron, Isabelle, Frédéric Di Fiore, Isabelle Roque, Emilie Astruc, Monica Stetiu, Aude Duclos, David Tougeron, et al. "Usefulness of the Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Kinetic for Chemotherapy Monitoring in Patients With Unresectable Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 22 (August 1, 2008): 3681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.15.0904.
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PurposeThe aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) kinetic and response to chemotherapy in patients with unresectable metastasis of colorectal cancer.Patients and MethodsThe kinetic was calculated using the slope of an exponential-regressive curve connecting the semi-logarithmic values of CEA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to select the CEA slope thresholds to define patients with progressive or responsive disease with the highest sensitivity, specificity, and diagnosis accuracy odds ratio (DOR). The correlation between the CEA slopes and progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated by the Cox model and Kaplan-Meier methods.ResultsA total of 122 patients were included. Progression defined by CEA slope greater than +0.05 resulted in sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 85.1%, and DOR of 34. The area under the ROC (AUROC) curve was 0.885 (95% CI, 0.815 to 0.936; P = .0001). Response defined by CEA slope less than −0.2 resulted in sensitivity of 74.7%, specificity of 82.5%, and DOR of 16. The AUROC curve was 0.847 (95% CI, 0.770 to 0.906; P = .0001). The difference between AUROC curves calculated with six or four CEA values was not significant. PFS was correlated with CEA slopes (hazard ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.48 to 8.57). The median PFS was 10 months for patients with CEA slope values less than −0.2 months versus 6 months for patients with CEA slope values greater than −0.2 (P < .0001).ConclusionThese results suggest that the CEA kinetic is an accurate, simple, and noninvasive method to identify the disease progression in patients with unresectable metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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Bazarnik, Miroslawa. "Slope stability monitoring in open pit mines using 3D terrestrial laser scanning." E3S Web of Conferences 66 (2018): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186601020.
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In open pit mines the aspect of preventing and forecasting the threat of landslides and rock falls is crucial issue because of the significant consequences that instabilities may have. Systematic slope stability monitoring is necessary to ensure safe and continuous mining operations. The development of innovative technologies, such as 3D laser scanning, opens up new possibilities, especially in the case of large and hard-to-reach areas, such as open pit mines. Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) provide fast, efficient, detailed, and accurate three-dimensional data. The article discusses the use of 3D terrestrial laser scanning method to monitor slope displacements and landslides in open pit mines. The first part of the article discusses the risk scale of gravitational displacement on the slopes, on examples of Polish open pit mines, and introduces the most common slope monitoring methods. Then, the principles of 3D terrestrial laser scanning were defined, and some examples of TLS applications in the open pit mines were presented.