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Journal articles on the topic 'Slotted waveguide antenna array'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 June 2025

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Viet. "A DESIGN SOLUTION FOR COMPACT SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ARRAY ANTENNAS BASED ON SIW TECHNOLOGY." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 72A (May 10, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.72a.2021.22-29.

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Slotted waveguide array antenna is a crucial structure in microwave frequency antennas with many applications in radar and communications systems. Previously, slotted waveguide array antenna systems mainly used metal materials. The study of slotted array antenna based on the waveguided with SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) technology is a novel approach. The paper presents the results of researching, designing, and manufacturing waveguide slot array antenna with low SLL using SIW technology in X-band. The results will be an essential basis for selecting a design solution for slotted waveguide array antenna by SIW technology to replace traditional metal slot array antennas in practical applications in X band radar antenna systems.

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Pasternak, Yuri G., Vladimir A. Pendyurin, and Kirill S. Safonov. "Antenna array with switching scanning in elevation plane." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 24, no. 3 (2021): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2021.24.3.100-106.

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It is known that the most reliable communication in hard-to-reach places such as the Arctic, Tundra, Taiga is satellite communication [1-5]. Therefore, for satellite communications, it is necessary to develop your own antenna arrays. This article discusses a waveguide-slot antenna array with a Luneburg lens for a mobile satellite communications terminal, which provides a continuous and stable signal. This antenna operates in the 10.9 to 14.5 GHz frequency range. Possesses vertical polarization. The overall dimensions of the antenna array are: diameter of the diagram-forming lens 256 mm (thickness 5 mm, material FLAN 2.8 (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015)); waveguide length 600 mm (internal section 10.5 mm by 5 mm, filling FLAN 2.8). Slotted waveguide antennas and lens are made of standard FLAN 2.8 material (epsilon 2.8, tangent delta 0.0015) 5mm thick, foiled on both sides. There are 17 coaxial cables to the HF switch (equal lengths are not required), the scanning step in elevation is 5 degrees. When using 54 waveguide-slot antennas and 18 switch inputs, a scanning sector in elevation of 90 degrees is provided. All the nodes were pre-modeled separately a cylindrical Luneburg lens with suitable waveguides, excited by slits; slotted waveguide antennas; coaxial-waveguide transitions.

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Wang, Zongxin, Yulan Wang, Shengchi Zhu, and Peng Chen. "Design of the Monopulse Feeding Network for a Slotted Waveguide Array on an Annular Disk." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2024 (April 16, 2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5761698.

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Design of a monopulse feeding network including a compact power distribution network and a monopulse comparator for a dual polarization slotted waveguide array fabricated on an annular disk is presented in this paper. As the slotted waveguide array is arranged on an annular disk, the feeding network is more complicated than that of a regular array such as a rectangular array. The design details of some key waveguide components, such as the compact assembly of H-plane T-junctions and E-plane elbows used to connect power distribution networks and radiation waveguides, are provided. Quasiplanar magic tees are designed and used to construct the compact sum and difference comparator. The antenna system contains two comparators, which are used to generate sum and difference beams for horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively. Finally, the monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is divided into two modules, a comparator module and an antenna module (including power distribution network), and fabricated with the layered processing and bonding process. The comparator module is measured using a network analyzer to verify its amplitude-frequency characteristics and phase-frequency characteristics. Screwing the comparator module and the antenna module together, a monopulse slotted waveguide array antenna is obtained, and the sum beam and difference beam characteristics of the antenna are measured in a microwave chamber and presented.

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Soleiman Meiguni, J., S. Keshavarz Haddad, and A. Hosseinbeig. "Longitudinal slotted waveguide array feed networks." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 4 (2018): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000259.

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AbstractIn this paper, two new feed network designs for single layer and double layer slotted waveguide array antennas are presented. A microstrip to substrate integrated waveguide transition is applied to the single layer antenna. The aperture coupling mechanism is used in order to find the optimum feed network for double-layer structure and to obtain stable radiation characteristics over the frequency band. The prototypes of the proposed antennas have been fabricated and tested. The measured results were compared very well with the simulation results obtained from CST microwave studio and showed low side lobe level at the center frequency of 11.5 GHz for the low-profile 4-channel slotted waveguide arrays.

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Mikulić, Davorin, Evita Šopp, Davor Bonefačić, and Zvonimir Šipuš. "Textile Slotted Waveguide Antennas for Body-Centric Applications." Sensors 22, no. 3 (2022): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031046.

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One of the major challenges in the development of wearable antennas is to design an antenna that can at the same time satisfy technical requirements, be aesthetically acceptable, and be suitable for wearable applications. In this paper, a novel wearable antenna is proposed—textile realization of a slotted waveguide antenna. The antenna is realized using conductive fabric to manufacture the walls of a rectangular waveguide in which the slots were cut out. All connections and cuts are sewn with conductive thread taking over advantages of the traditional process of manufacturing textile objects. The developed slotted waveguide array prototype, containing three slots and designed for operation in the 5.8-GHz ISM band, is experimentally characterized and compared to an equivalent metallic antenna. The achieved operating bandwidth is larger than 300 MHz in both cases. The measured gain of a textile slotted waveguide array is around 9 dBi with a radiation efficiency larger than 50% in the whole operating bandwidth, i.e., the textile array showed a 2 dB lower gain in comparison to the metallic counterpart. The gain is stable in the whole bandwidth and the radiation patterns do not differ. The results demonstrated that such textile antennas are suitable for body-centric communication and sensor systems and can be integrated into clothing, e.g., into a smart safety vest or into a uniform. Further analysis of various realizations of slotted waveguide antennas is presented showing that different versions of the proposed antenna can be used in all three off-body, on-body, and in-body communication scenarios.

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Najat, Shyaa Jasim Mohammed, and Hadi Jaber Manal. "Design of traveling wave slotted waveguide array antenna with high efficiency." Design of traveling wave slotted waveguide array antenna with high efficiency 29, no. 3 (2023): 1496–501. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i3.pp1496-1501.

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The slotted waveguide antenna is one of the most important antennas used in high-frequency applications, in radars, navigation systems, remote sensing systems and communications because of its efficiency and high gains. In this paper, the slotted waveguide antenna was designed and simulated with suitable specifications with a working frequency range of 2-2.45 where this antenna was checked by plotting S parameters in the designed frequency band and we got a very good reflection coefficient for the designed antenna (S11) at the operating frequency, draw and illustrate the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the designed antenna that shows the gain and bandwidth at the operating frequency. The performance of a 9-element slotted waveguide array antenna with an operating frequency of up to 12 GHz was also investigated by plotting the S11 parameters and illustrating the designed antenna directivity diagram. We obtained the reflection coefficient of the designed array antenna (S11) below -23 dB at the operating frequency, and the SWG antenna directivity pattern with a maximum value of=13.2 dB and a minimum value of=-23 dB.

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Sadeghzadeh, Mostafa, Alireza Mallahzadeh, and Gholamreza Dadashzadeh. "Low Sidelobe Level Pattern Synthesis of 2-D Slot Array Antenna Based on Ridged Waveguide." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (May 16, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8770401.

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Slotted waveguide antennas have received much attention due to features such as low loss, high efficiency, and high power capacity. In this article, a 2-D slot array antenna based on a ridged waveguide with a low level of side lobe is synthesized. The antenna consists of four slotted ridged waveguides, each of which consists of eight slots as the radiating elements. A fast and easy way is proposed to synthesize the aperture distribution in the H-plane. Further, a corporate feed network based on ridged waveguide is designed to feed the antenna. The feed network is designed such that the desired aperture distribution in the E-plane is achieved. A prototype of the antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured sidelobe levels in the H- and E-planes are, respectively, -24.5 dB and -23.9 dB, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna is -19 dB at the design frequency, indicating the accuracy of the design procedure. The measured antenna gain is approximately 20.4 dBi at the entire frequency band. The stable radiation pattern of the antenna makes the antenna suitable for radar applications.

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Shyaa Jasim Mohammed, Najat, and Manal Hadi Jaber. "Design of traveling wave slotted waveguide array antenna with high efficiency." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 3 (2023): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i3.pp1496-1501.

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The slotted waveguide antenna is one of the most important antennas used in high-frequency applications, in radars, navigation systems, remote sensing systems and communications because of its efficiency and high gains. In this paper, the slotted waveguide antenna was designed and simulated with suitable specifications with a working frequency range of 2-2.45 where this antenna was checked by plotting S parameters in the designed frequency band and we got a very good reflection coefficient for the designed antenna (S11) at the operating frequency, draw and illustrate the three-dimensional radiation pattern of the designed antenna that shows the gain and bandwidth at the operating frequency. The performance of a 9-element slotted waveguide array antenna with an operating frequency of up to 12 GHz was also investigated by plotting the S11 parameters and illustrating the designed antenna directivity diagram.We obtained the reflection coefficient of the designed array antenna (S11) below -23 dB at the operating frequency, and the SWG antenna directivity pattern with a maximum value of=13.2 dB and a minimum value of=-23 dB.

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Han, Guodong, and Weihang Liu. "A Circularly Polarized Non-Resonant Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Wide-Angle Scanning." Sensors 24, no. 10 (2024): 3056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24103056.

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A compact circularly polarized non-resonant slotted waveguide antenna array is proposed with the aim of achieving wide-angle scanning, circular polarization, and low side-lobe levels. The designed antenna demonstrates a scanning range of +11° to +13° in the frequency domain and a beam scanning range of −45° to +45° in the phase domain. This design exhibits significant advantages for low-cost two-dimensional electronic scanning circularly polarized arrays. It employs a compact element that reduces the aperture area by 50% compared to traditional circular polarization cavities. Additionally, the staggered array method is employed to achieve an element spacing of 0.57λ within the azimuth plane. Isolation gaps were introduced into the array to enhance the circular polarization performance of non-resonant arrays. The Taylor synthesis method was employed to reduce the side-lobe levels. A prototype was designed, fabricated, and measured. The results indicate superior radiation efficiency, favorable VSWR levels, and an axis ratio maintenance below 3 dB across the scanning range. The proposed antenna and methodology effectively broaden the beam scanning angle of circularly polarized slotted waveguide array antennas.

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Tatarkin, N. M., E. M. Zaitseva та K. V. Shishakov. "Slotted-Waveguide Antenna Array Development by Means of Complementarity оf CST Microwave Studio and Compass 3D Programs". Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 21, № 2 (2023): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2023-2-69-80.

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The main steps of the methodology for complex slotted-waveguide antenna arrays development using the complementary application of the COMPASS 3D design program and electromagnetic modeling CST Microwave Studio are considered. The presentation of the technique steps is carried out on the example of a structurally complex slotted-waveguide antenna array of the Ka-band with dimensions (117 mm ´ 30 mm) and two-dimensional array of 64 (2 ´ 8 ´ 4) slotted emitters. To facilitate the synthesis of the design parameters of such grids, it is proposed to use a three-stage process: 1) design of slotted antenna emitting modules with adjustment to a given operation frequency range; 2) development of harmonized multichannel power divider for them; 3) combining the antenna modules and the branched power divider into an effective antenna array with additional adjustment of their coordination parameters. According to this sequence, in the illustrated example, on the first step, the antenna emitter module with four slits is designed in the CST Microwave Studio program. Afterwards, on the second stage, a complex multi-channel waveguide power divider was designed. It is first drawn in COMPASS 3D and then imported and analysed in CST Microwave Studio. On the final third stage, the entire slotted-waveguide antenna array was assembled and simulated in CST Microwave Studio. At the same time, the obtained radiation pattern of the antenna array, the functions of electromagnetic field distribution in the waveguide path and other electromagnetic characteristics corresponded to the required ones. Equally, there was a slight shift in the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the operating frequency matching, as well as some deterioration in the SWR. This is explained by the fact that the links between the models of antenna emitters and the waveguide power distributor were carried out 'in ideal ports'. Meanwhile, the real values of the input resistances in these planes of the assembled structure are somewhat different from the ideal ones. Therefore, to complete the process of structural synthesis of the antenna-slot array, two approaches should be used: 1) it is better to complete design parameter optimization according to the criterion of improving the harmonization, if required to shift the operating frequency, 2) to reduce the SWR value, it is better to improve the coordination of the antenna array at its input by adjusting the matching device.

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Koshkid’ko, V. G., and M. M. Migalin. "Design of a Slotted Waveguide Antenna by Means of VBScript Scripting Language Macros in CAD Ansys HFSS." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 1 (2020): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-1-6-17.

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Introduction. Modern antenna devices contain a large number of repeating elements. The process of development of CAD models of such devices requires repeatedly performed operations that is a routine task for an engineer. Therefore, the problem of repeating operations automation arises when constructing antenna models with periodic structures.Aim. To demonstrate the automation of slotted waveguide antennas design process in CAD Ansys HFSS.Materials and methods. In order to determine the dimensions of the slotted waveguide antenna the energy method was used. Automation procedure of the design of the slotted waveguide antennas in CAD Ansys HFSS using the Visual Basic Scripting Edition macros was presented.Results. In order to design and edit slotted waveguide antennas in CAD Ansys HFSS four macros in the VBScript language were established: for slot subtraction from a broad wall of a rectangular waveguide at given coordinates; for removing the original slots created using the previous macro; for drawing a polyline passing through the centers of the slots, in order to verify the antenna’s near field realized distribution; for inclined slot subtraction from a narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide at given coordinates. Results of the macros usage were presented.Conclusion. The above mentioned macros allow one to automate the routine steps during the process of creating and deleting objects while designing an antenna model with periodic structures in CAD Ansys HFSS. Specified procedures for creating macros could be extended to a wide class of tasks related to the studies of characteristics of electromagnetic structures including repeating objects (phased antenna arrays, reflective arrays, slotted waveguide antennas, fractal antennas, log-periodic antennas, multi-layer lens antennas, ladder-type microwave filters).

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Tan, Zhen, Yun Zhao, and Jiangqiao Ding. "High Gain Slot Array Antenna at 110 GHz Based on Computer Numerical Control." Micromachines 14, no. 10 (2023): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14101947.

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This paper presents a waveguide–slot antenna to generate a radiation beam with high gain fed by a low-loss feeding network at 110 GHz. The proposed antenna consists of a compact eight-way power divider and a waveguide–slot array. The eight-way power divider provides equal-amplitude and alternative-phase excitation for the slot array, and each of them supports two waveguides. The integral structure is implemented by two layers with a channeled substratum and a slotted superstratum. To verify the proposed slot array, the designed array is fabricated with computer numerical control (CNC) milling and measured. The measured peak gain of the designed antenna is 32 dBi at 110 GHz. The proposed antenna with a simple structure provides a promising solution to develop high gain antenna in upper millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz (THz) applications.

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Alogla, A., M. A. H. Eleiwa, and H. Alshortan. "Design and Evaluation of Transmitting Antennas for Solar Power Satellite Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 7950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4607.

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This study attempts to identify, design, and evaluate transmitting antennas for Solar Power Satellite (SPS) systems. The design approach aimed at meeting the SPS operational requirements at ISM bands, namely 2.4-2.5GHz for the NASA and 5.725-5.875GHz for the JAXA models. The primary attributes of SPS antennas for transmitting Beamed High-Power Microwaves (BHPMs) are high power handling capability, efficiency, and directivity with narrow beamwidth and lower sidelobe levels. Using a planar end-fed 20×20 SWA module, the whole planar Slotted Waveguide Antenna Arrays (SWAAs) were designed for both the NASA and JAXA reference models having 1km diameter antenna aperture, peak power level over 1GW, directivity over 80dBi, Side Lobe Level (SLL) less than 20dB, and pencil beam with HPBW less than 0.01°. The proposed slotted waveguide transmitting antenna arrays fulfilled the operational requirements for both the NASA and JAXA SPS reference models. Due to the higher operating frequency, the results showed that the proposed planar SWA array performs better on the JAXA than on the NASA SPS model.

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Kaloshin, V. A., Le Doan Trinh, and E. V. Frolova. "Bifocal Planar Slotted-Waveguide Antenna Array." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 64, no. 8 (2019): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106422691907009x.

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Maruyama, Tamami, Koki Shibata, Masashi Nakatsugawa1, et al. "Wireless Power Transmission Efficiency of Dipole Array Antenna using a Left-Handed Waveguide Slot Antenna as a Feeder." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, no. 2 (2022): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.410.

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This paper proposes to transform microwaves for snow melting, which slightly leaking from the slotted waveguide, into electric power using a wireless power transmission technique for effective use. A combination of left-handed and right-handed waveguides is a method to melt snow evenly over a large area using microwaves. The left-handed waveguide, however, has large loss because of stubs. In order to evaluate the effect of the left-handed waveguide’s loss, this paper analyzed the wireless power transmission efficiency when the left-handed waveguide with a slot was set as the power transmission part, and a dipole array was placed above the left-handed waveguide as a power reception unit. The wireless power transfer efficiency was calculated using kQ product from S-parameters that were obtained by using the method of moments. The results clarified that the sum of the maximum efficiencies of the arrayed dipoles could be made larger than the maximum efficiency of one dipole.

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Yeoh, You-Seok, and Kyeong-Sik Min. "Characteristics of 6 × 26 Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna for Wave Monitoring Radar System." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 21, no. 5 (2021): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2021.5.r.53.

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This paper presents the characteristics of a 6 × 26 slotted waveguide array antenna for a wave monitoring radar system. The proposed antenna was designed as a double-layer structure that operated in the Ku-band and combined the radiating antenna and feeding antenna structures to secure a broad bandwidth. To realize the high-gain properties of the antenna and the beamwidth control, parameters such as the resonance slot length, width, offset, and angle of the feeding slot placed on the broad wall were precisely calculated using the iteration. The measured results for the voltage standing wave ratio, radiation patterns, half-power beamwidth, and peak gains of the 6 × 26 slotted waveguide array antenna agreed well with the simulated results.

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Chandra, Avinash, and Sushrut Das. "Application of SRRs in conventional waveguide slot array to achieve performance improvement and dual-band characteristics." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 5 (2016): 1085–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716001057.

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This paper presents application of split ring resonators (SRR) in conventional waveguide slot array antenna to achieve performance improvement and multiband characteristics. Three SRRs have been placed on the transverse plane of a conventional slotted waveguide and has been simulated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna has dual band response with respective 10 dB return loss bandwidth 8.23–9.23 GHz (11.45%) and 9.68–11.01 GHz (12.87%). The measured gain and radiation pattern reveal that the proposed antenna has higher gain and front to back radiation ratio as compared with a conventional slotted waveguide antenna. Equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna also has been presented.

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Koshkid’ko, V. G., Ya O. Galtsov, and D. A. Portnykh. "A Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 26, no. 4 (2023): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2023-26-4-70-80.

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Introduction. Slotted waveguide antenna arrays are widely used across centimeter- and millimeter-wavelength ranges due to numerous advantages, including their good directional properties, compact dimensions, flat shape, convenience of power supply, and high efficiency. At the same time, the current trend toward miniaturization of electronic devices and their integration requires new solutions, such as the development of devices based on wave-guides integrated into the substrate (Substrate Integrated Waveguide – SIW).Aim. To simulate a SIW-based slotted antenna with characteristics similar to those of a conventional antenna array based on a hollow metal waveguide.Materials and methods. The Ansys HFSS software was used to simulate the structure under study and to carry out electro-magnetic modeling and analysis of its directional properties. The energy method was used to determine the coordinates of longitudinal slots on the wide wall of the SIW waveguide. Macros were developed in the Visual Basic Scripting Edition language to automate routine operations for creating and deleting objects of the same type when constructing a model. The Arlon AD300C microwave material was used to manufacture a printed version of the SIW waveguide.Results. The process of developing a SIW slotted antenna was carried out in the following stages: construction of a reference model based on a hollow metal waveguide followed by creating a transition model based on a waveguide completely filled with a dielectric and the final SIW-based model. At each stage, the radiation pattern was monitored to obtain the directional properties of the SIW slotted antenna with characteristics identical to those of an antenna based on the reference hollow metal waveguide.Conclusion. A SIW slotted antenna with the required characteristics was simulated and tested in the Ansys HFSS environment. Such an antenna employs one of the main advantages of the SIW technology, i.e., the possibility of integrating all components on a single substrate, including antenna arrays, passive components, and active elements. This approach provides the basis for reducing the size of microwave devices and their miniaturization.

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Meng, Hongfu, Yang Chen, and Wenbin Dou. "Design and Fabrication of W-Band Waveguide Slotted Array Antenna Based on Milling Process." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1642174.

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A single-layer waveguide slotted array antenna is proposed for W-band applications. To eliminate the alignment errors, all structures including the radiation slots, radiation waveguides, and power divider network are realized in one layer based on the milling process, and a planar metal plate is employed to cover the bottom. For example, an 8 × 9 array is designed with 1-to-8 power divider network to validate the proposed technology. The effective radiation aperture size of the array is 24 mm × 21 mm, and the height is only 8 mm. The measured reflection coefficient of the antenna is larger than 3 GHz for S11 < −10 dB. The peak gain is 25.9 dBi, and the corresponding antenna efficiency is about 65%. All cross-polarization of the antenna array is less than −35 dB. The proposed array antenna features a simple structure, low cost, and easy implementation for W-band applications.

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Filgueiras, Hugo Rodrigues Dias, James R. Kelly, Pei Xiao, I. F. da Costa, and Arismar Cerqueira Sodré. "Wideband Omnidirectional Slotted-Waveguide Antenna Array Based on Trapezoidal Slots." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3792980.

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This manuscript presents a novel approach for designing wideband omnidirectional slotted-waveguide antenna arrays, which is based on trapezoidal-shaped slots with two different electrical lengths, as well as a twisted distribution of slot groups along the array longitudinal axis. The trapezoidal section is formed by gradually increasing the slot length between the waveguide interior and exterior surfaces. In this way, a smoother impedance transition between waveguide and air is provided in order to enhance the array operating bandwidth. In addition, we propose a twisting technique, responsible to improve the omnidirectional pattern, by means of reducing the gain ripple in the azimuth plane. Experimental results demonstrate 1.09 GHz bandwidth centered at 24 GHz (4.54% fractional bandwidth), gain up to 14.71 dBi over the operating bandwidth, and only 2.7 dB gain variation in the azimuth plane. The proposed antenna array and its enabling techniques present themselves as promising solutions for mm-wave application, including 5G enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) communications.

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Elhefnawy, M., and A. A. Al-Hadi. "A Novel Design of Slotted Waveguide Phased Array Antenna." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 3 (2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i3.1031.

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A novel design of phased array antenna based on a Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array (SWAA) is introduced in this paper. The CST Microwave Studio simulation results show that the S‒parameters, the gain, the axial ratio, and the beamwidth of the proposed phased array antenna are affected by the value of the progressive phase shift. The simulated results of the proposed phased array antenna at different values of progressive phase demonstrate that the S‒parameters for almost all ports are less than ‒10 dB over at least 2% bandwidth, the simulated phased array antenna gain is above 17 dB in the frequency range from 9.5 GHz to 9.7 GHz, the range of frequencies over which the simulated Axial Ratio (AR) is below 3 dB is not fixed and varied according to the selected progressive phase, the simulated beamwidth can be 6.5˚ or narrower based on the value of the progressive phase shift.

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Kaloshin, V. A., and D. T. Le. "Trifocal Three-Layer Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 66, no. 10 (2021): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226921100077.

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Abrahamyan, H. V. "Synthesis Of Reconfigurable Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 5, 2015): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.960.

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Wang, W., S. S. Zhong, Y. M. Zhang, and X. L. Liang. "A Broadband Slotted Ridge Waveguide Antenna Array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, no. 8 (2006): 2416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2006.879216.

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Tyagi, Yogesh, Pratik Mevada, Soumyabrata Chakrabarty, and Rajeev Jyoti. "High‐efficiency broadband slotted waveguide array antenna." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 11, no. 10 (2017): 1401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2016.0682.

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Yuan, Haoyun, Jinkai Li, Zhibo Zhao, et al. "Development of a Wideband Slotted Antenna Array with Low Profile and Low Sidelobe (Invited Paper)." Electronics 12, no. 2 (2023): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020278.

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In this paper, a novel multi-layered waveguide-fed slotted cavity antenna array operating in the K-band (i.e., 18–27 GHz) is presented. The antenna is composed of 64 (8 × 8) groups of 2 × 2 subarrays with low profile, and fed by a 1–64 ways waveguide corporate-feed-network. In order to obtain a low sidelobe level (SLL), the Chebyshev power distribution is introduced into the feeding network to accurately taper the power distribution among the subarrays. To realize the amplitude-tapering network, a simple T-junction, which can provide equal phase but unequal power, is used. The antenna array is analyzed and validated by using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed antenna array can achieve a broad bandwidth of 21.9%, and a good gain as 29.1 dBi. Additionally, the first SLL can be as small as −28.3 dB and −20 dB in the E-plane and the H-plane, respectively. The overall size of the slotted cavity antenna array is 169.6 × 169.6 × 7.23 mm3.

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Wu, Chin-Hsien, Tsun-Che Huang, and Malcolm Ng Mou Kehn. "Compact Waveguide Antenna Design for 77 GHz High-Resolution Radar." Sensors 25, no. 11 (2025): 3262. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25113262.

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Millimeter-wave antennas have become more important recently due to the diversity of applications in 5G and upcoming 6G technologies, of which automotive systems constitute a significant part. Two crucial indices, detection range and angular resolution, are used to distinguish the performance of the automotive antenna. Strong gains and narrow beamwidths of highly directive radiation beams afford longer detection range and finer spatial selectivity. Although conventionally used, patch antennas suffer from intrinsic path losses that are much higher when compared to the waveguide antenna. Designed at 77 GHz, presented in this article is an 8-element slot array on the narrow side wall of a rectangular waveguide, thus being readily extendable to planar arrays by adding others alongside while maintaining the element spacing requirement for grating lobe avoidance. Comprising tilted Z-shaped slots for higher gain while keeping constrained within the narrow wall, adjacent ones separated by half the guided wavelength are inclined with reversed tilt angles for cross-polar cancelation. An open-ended external waveguide is placed over each slot for polarization purification. Equivalent circuit models of slotted waveguides aid the design. An approach for sidelobe suppression using the Chebyshev distribution is adopted. Four types of arrays are proposed, all of which show potential for different demands and applications in automotive radar. Prototypes based on designs by simulations were fabricated and measured.

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Ma, Wenyu, Wenquan Cao, Chuang Wang, Shujie Shi, and Bangning Zhang. "Planar High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Slotted SIW Cavity Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe and Grating Lobe Levels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (August 30, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8431611.

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In this paper, a planar high-gain millimeter-wave (mmW) slotted substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna array with low sidelobe and grating lobe levels is proposed. The antenna consists of a slotted SIW resonator and an SIW transmission line (TL). To achieve a high gain and simplify the structure of the antenna element, the slotted SIW cavity is resonated in high-order mode. Then, a high-gain antenna array is implemented with only four such elements. By analyzing the pattern multiplication principle of the antenna array and accurately adjusting the element spacing, the high grating lobe level caused by the large spacing of the high-order mode resonator is considerably reduced. In addition, a one-four unequal amplitude power divider is introduced to further reduce the antenna array’s sidelobe levels (SLLs). Finally, the proposed antenna array is fabricated for verification. The measured peak gain is 21.4 dBi at 27.3 GHz. The measured grating lobe level in the E-plane is reduced to −17.9 dB, and the measured SLLs are lower than −19.1 dB.

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Kaloshin, V. A., and D. T. Le. "Planar Trifocal Mirror–Lens Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 66, no. 11 (2021): 1246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226921110048.

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Kachhia, Jahnavi, Amit Patel, Alpesh Vala, Romil Patel, and Keyur Mahant. "Logarithmic Slots Antennas Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2015 (October 19, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/629797.

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This paper represents new generation of slotted antennas for satellite application where the loss can be compensated in terms of power or gain of antenna. First option is very crucial because it totally depends on size of satellite so we have proposed the high gain antenna creating number of rectangular, trapezoidal, and I shape slots in logarithm size in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) structure. The structure consists of an array of various shape slots antenna designed to operate in C and X band applications. The basic structures have been designed over a RT duroid substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2 and with a thickness of 0.508 mm. Multiple slots array and shape of slot effects have been studied and analyzed using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The designs have been supported with its return loss, gain plot, VSWR, and radiation pattern characteristics to validate multiband operation. All the proposed antennas give gain more than 9 dB and return loss better than −10 dB. However, the proposed structures have been very sensitive to their physical dimensions.

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Anim, Kyei, Henry Abu Diawuo, and Young-Bae Jung. "Compact Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array Using Staircase Model of Tapered Dielectric-Inset Guide for Shipboard Marine Radar." Sensors 21, no. 14 (2021): 4745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144745.

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This paper presents a new configuration of a slotted waveguide antenna (SWA) array aimed at the X-band within the desired band of 9.38~9.44 GHz for shipboard marine radars. The SWA array, which typically consists of a slotted waveguide, a polarizing filter, and a metal reflector, is widely employed in marine radar applications. Nonetheless, conventional slot array designs are weighty, mechanically complex, and geometrically large to obtain high performances, such as gain. These features of the conventional SWA are undesirable for the shipboard marine radar, where the antenna rotates at high angular speed for the beam scanning mechanism. The proposed SWA array herein reduces the conventional design’s size by 62% using a tapered dielectric-inset guide structure. It shows high gain performance (up to 30 dB) and obtains improvements in radiation efficiency (up to 80% in the numerical simulations) and weight due to the use of loss and low-density dielectric material.

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Li, Teng, and Wenbin Dou. "Design of an Edge Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array Based on T-Shaped Cross-Section Waveguide." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7385357.

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An edge slotted waveguide antenna array based on T-shaped cross-section radiating waveguide is proposed. The T-shaped waveguide is analyzed and designed to operate in dominant mode around the center frequency, which has a lower profile compared with the rectangular one. The radiating slots are etched and rotated alternatively on the broadened top plate without cutting into the adjacent walls. The metal fences are inserted between slots to reduce the mutual coupling and surface wave. Therefore, the sidelobe level in E-plane is well suppressed. A 2 × 8 antenna array working at Ka-band is designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with simulations which demonstrate this novel waveguide structure.

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Khalil, Hisham, M. Mansoor Ahmed, and Umair Rafique. "Nose-Cone Conformal Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Slot Array Antenna for X-Band Radar Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (December 23, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6262574.

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This paper presents the design of nose-cone conformal substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna for modern radar applications. Firstly, the wave propagation characteristics have been investigated in doubly curved SIW, and it has been observed that they are non-uniform along the longitudinal direction of nose-cone conformal SIW. To ensure the constant wave propagation along the length of conformal SIW, the conventional design of SIW is reformulated for nose-cone conformal SIW and circuit model modification has been demonstrated. Secondly, the procedure for designing a SIW-based array on curved surfaces has been developed. In the proposed design, rectangular waveguide (RWG) to SIW feeding structure has been used to avoid spurious radiations. Finally, 1 × 6 element-based nose-cone conformal slotted array has been designed and compared with planar and cylindrical conformal arrays. It has been observed from the results that the nose-cone conformal slot array offers low sidelobe levels (SLLs) and high gain. For the validation of the proposed design, the conformal slotted array has been fabricated and measured, which exhibited a reasonable agreement between the measured and the simulated data.

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Santhakumar, G., and R. Muthukumar. "Design and Development of Dual Band Millimeter Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna Array." Measurement Science Review 24, no. 3 (2024): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2024-0014.

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Abstract New communication paradigms have emerged to make better use of the available wireless spectrum due to its scarcity. Millimeter wave high-frequency spectrum could offer a viable solution to the problem of spectrum scarcity. Millimeter wave devices and antennas are becoming increasingly popular and are used in a wide variety of applications and planned Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication networks. In this work, we develop a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based antenna array and millimeter-wave feeding network with the aim of achieving optimal performance. A microstrip array antenna is developed for use at millimeter wave frequencies of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. Next, an SIW array antenna will be created. For high-frequency uses, SIW technology excels due to its low loss, easy integration and high quality factor. The two unequal longitudinal slots in a slotted SIW antenna cause the structure to resonate at 28 GHz and 38 GHz. The SIW structure is fabricated by making two parallel rows of metallic vias, carefully determined through sizes to ensure minimal internal losses. A microstrip line that transitions into a SIW feeds into the proposed layout. In this paper, the authors investigate the design and construction of an integrated waveguide antenna array for use at dual millimeter-wave frequencies.

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Ng Mou Kehn, Malcolm, Chih-Kai Hsieh, and Eva Rajo-Iglesias. "Array of Horns Fed by a Transverse Slotted Groove Gap Waveguide at 28 GHz." Sensors 20, no. 18 (2020): 5311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185311.

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An array of low profile horns fed by transverse slots on a groove gap waveguide (GGWG) is presented. The GGWG is implemented with glide symmetrical holes and the design frequency is 28 GHz. The low profile horns are integrated in the same waveguide wall as the slots. The designed antenna is a linear array of these horns but the solution can be easily extended to a planar array. Experimental results support this work. The designed antenna is a good candidate for applications related to 5G technologies where medium to high gains as well as high efficiencies are required and reasonable manufacturing costs are demanded.

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Sekretarov, Stanislav, and Dmytro M. Vavriv. "A WIDEBAND SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA ARRAY FOR SAR SYSTEMS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research M 11 (2010): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierm10010606.

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Fan, Guo-Xin, and Jian-Ming Jin. "Scattering From a Large Planar Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna." Electromagnetics 19, no. 1 (1999): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726349908908627.

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Sangster, A. J. "Sidewall slotted waveguide array antenna with low crosspolar radiation." Electronics Letters 22, no. 10 (1986): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19860373.

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Guo-Xin Fan and Jian-Ming Jin. "Scattering from a cylindrically conformal slotted waveguide array antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 45, no. 7 (1997): 1150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.596908.

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Shorokhova, E. A., I. A. Illarionov, and A. V. Kashin. "Time-domain properties of a waveguide slotted antenna array." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 54, no. 4 (2009): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106422690904007x.

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Noorlindawaty, Md. Jizat, Ahmad Nazihah, Yusoff Zubaida, Mohd Nor Nuramirah, and Idzam Sabran Mursyidul. "5G beam-steering 2×2 butler matrix with slotted waveguide antenna array." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 17, no. 4 (2019): 1656–62. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i4.12777.

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In this research paper, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) was proposed as a technique by realizing bilateral edge walls to produce a compact 5G beam-steering antenna at 24 GHz. The beam forming network is produced using SIW directional coupler perform as 2×2 Butler Matrix (BM) fed with SIW slotted waveguide antenna array. The output signal is steered from -29 degrees and +29 degrees when the signal is fed to the respective input ports. If one of the input ports is fed, the signal is evenly distributed between the adjacent output ports with 90 degree constant phase shift. The compact size of directional coupler was designed by longitude slots on the surface of SIW substrate with bandwith of 16.85% at the operating frequency. The proposed antenna produce gain of 6.34 dB at operating frequency and the promising outcome of the beam steering make proposed design suitable for 5G communications especially with tracking capabilities.

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Pelevin, A. O., A. M. Lerer, and G. F. Zargano. "STUDY OF PHASED ARRAYS OF SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNAS WITH DIELECTRIC FILLING." RADIO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, no. 48 (June 16, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33286/2075-8693-2021-48-42-47.

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The article describes the computer simulation of phased antenna arrays consisting of slotted waveguide antennas with air and dielectric filling. It is shown that inser-tion of a thin dielectric layer shifts the operating frequency range of phased anten-na arrays by 1 GHz or more down in frequency while maintaining directional char-acteristics.

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Lai, Fei-Peng, Lu-Wu Chang, and Yen-Sheng Chen. "Miniature Dual-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (October 12, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6478272.

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A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna array that operates at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is proposed for fifth generation (5G) applications. The proposed array consists of four SIW cavities fabricated on one single layer of substrate. Each cavity implements a rhombic slot and a triangular-split-ring slot, resonating on TE101 and TE102 modes at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. In comparison with dual-band SIW antennas in the literature, the proposed configuration depicts a miniature footprint (28.7 × 30.8 mm2) without stacking substrates. To excite the four cavities with equal power, a broadband power divider that supports the propagation of TE10 mode is designed. Accordingly, the impedance bandwidths are 26.6–28.3 GHz and 36.8–38.9 GHz. The measured realized peak gain over the lower and higher bands is 9.3–10.9 dBi and 8.7–12.1 dBi, respectively. The measured half-power beam widths (HPBWs) at 28 GHz and 38 GHz are 20.7° and 15.0°, respectively. Considering these characteristics, including dual bands, high gain, narrow beam widths, miniaturization, and single layer, the proposed antenna array is a suitable candidate for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems with the flexibility in switching operating frequency bands against channel quality variations.

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Tsaliyev, Т. А. "A WEAKLY SUPERDIRECTIVE SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA ARRAY OF AXIAL RADIATION." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 76, no. 9 (2017): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v76.i9.10.

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Moradian, M., M. Tayarani, and M. Khalaj-Amirhosseini. "Planar Slotted Array Antenna Fed by Single Wiggly-Ridge Waveguide." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2011.2162641.

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Elhefnawy, Mohamed. "Design and simulation of an analog beamforming phased array antenna." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (2020): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1398-1405.

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In this paper, a phased array antenna is designed and simulated. The antenna array consists of four circularly polarized slotted waveguide elements. The antenna array is simulated using CST MWS. The simulation results for the proposed antenna array at different values of progressive phase shift demonstrate that the S‒parameters for all four ports are less than ‒10 dB over at least 2% bandwidth, the simulated maximum gain is 13.95 dB, the simulated beamwidth can be 19˚ or narrower based on the value of the progressive phase shift. , the range of frequencies over which the simulated Axial Ratio (AR) is below 3 dB is not fixed and varied according to the selected progressive phase shift. The proposed four-element RF front-end is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) at operating frequency of 9.6 GHz. The obtained simulation results by ADS indicate the feasibility of implementing the proposed RF-front end for feeding the antenna array to realize analog beamforming.

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Mohamed, Elhefnawy. "Design and simulation of an analog beamforming phased array antenna." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (2020): 1398–405. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1398-1405.

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In this paper, a phased array antenna is designed and simulated. The antenna array consists of four circularly polarized slotted waveguide elements. The antenna array is simulated using CST MWS. The simulation results for the proposed antenna array at different values of progressive phase shift demonstrate that the S‒parameters for all four ports are less than ‒10 dB over at least 2% bandwidth, the simulated maximum gain is 13.95 dB, the simulated beamwidth can be 19˚ or narrower based on the value of the progressive phase shift. The range of frequencies over which the simulated Axial Ratio (AR) is below 3 dB is not fixed and varied according to the selected progressive phase shift. The proposed four-element RF front-end is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) at operating frequency of 9.6 GHz. The obtained simulation results by ADS indicate the feasibility of implementing the proposed RF-front end for feeding the antenna array to realize analog beamforming

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Hu, Jin Hang, Jin Cai Lin, and Wei Long Fu. "A New Improvement of Radial Line Slot Antenna." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1244.

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A radial line slot antenna (CP-RLSA) is a slotted waveguide planar array for DBS reception. A number of designs have been devised, but these designs have pros and cons. In order to suppress grating lobes and increase the gain, this article will introduce a new wave material =1.06, arrange the angle and modify configurations of the slot sets. The results of experiment illustrate the validity of the design and analysis.

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Abes, Turkiya, Keltouma Nouri, Boubaker Seddik Bouazza, and Kada Becharef. "Performance of a New Design Based on Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Slotted Antenna Arrays for Dual-Band Applications (Ku / K)." Journal of communications software and systems 16, no. 2 (2020): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v16i2.972.

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This paper introduces and discusses the study of a new concept for SIW array antenna development. This conducted development is based on three designs, two of them related to 1x2 arrays fed by SIW line, combined with SIW inset line, and the last designed for 2X2 array antenna feed by SIW inset line. All these structures are designed to give dual-band at (Ku - K) bands with enhanced gain and bandwidth. The new 2x2 array antenna has a high gain, and it consists of four SIW cavities staggered patches with a 90° phase shift, which are fed using microstrip line shielded by SIW vias. The designs were conducted using full-wave simulator ANSYS HFSS - the frequency domain solver. The 2x2 array antenna gives a return loss about (-20 dB), a high gain of 9.05 dB, and two bandwidth equals 210 MHz and 1310 MHz respectively at both of the operating bands. To validate the simulated results the simulation was conducted again using the time-domain solver of the CST Microwave Studio (MWS) full-wave simulator. Simulation results obtained from the two software having different solvers were in good agreement in the results.

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Yu, Taewoo, Hyunwook Lee, Sang-Jun Park, and Sangwook Nam. "A Uniform Heating Technique for Cavity in Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Removal System Using Slotted Waveguide Array." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 21, no. 2 (2021): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2021.21.2.126.

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In this study, two types of slotted waveguide are designed in the frequency of 2.45 GHz to improve the microwave heating uniformity of a quadrangular prism-shaped cavity in a volatile organic compound (VOC) removal system. Both types adopt the equivalent circuit approach used for a waveguide slot array antenna. The difference between the two types is the slot impedance extraction method of the waveguide slot array: one calculates the impedance taking the cavity structure into account and the other finds it in free space. Both methods show that the heating uniformity is improved by 52% compared with that of the conventional horn-type feeding structure system according to the simulation results. Even though there is no difference in the heating uniformity between the two models, it is confirmed that the slotted waveguide array feeding model designed by using the impedance data of the slot incorporating the cavity (SAWFMcavity) has about 6.35 dB better impedance matching characteristics than the other model designed by extracting the impedance data of the slot in free space (SAWFMfree). Also, it is found that the SAWFMcavity shows more stable impedance characteristics with respect to the loading condition than the SAWFMfree. Therefore, it is concluded that the impedance of the slot should be extracted taking the cavity into account for the design of the slotted waveguide feeding structure since it improves the reflection characteristic as well as the heating uniformity compared with the horn-type feeding structure.

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